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1. Nutritional Status Link with Polioseronegativity Among Children from Poliomyelitis Transmission High-Risk Area of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC)

Author

Mwamba GN, Nzaji MK, Hoff NA, Mukadi PK, Musene KK, Gerber SK, Halbrook M, Sinai C, Fuller T, Numbi OL, Wemakoy EO, Tamfum JJM, Mukadi DN, Mapatano MA, Rimoin AW, and Dikassa PSL

Subjects
children, underweight, polioserotype, malnutrition, seronegativity, drc, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Guillaume N Mwamba,1,2 Michel Kabamba Nzaji,1,2 Nicole A Hoff,3 Patrick K Mukadi,4 Kamy Kaminye Musene,5 Sue K Gerber,6 Megan Halbrook,3 Cyrus Sinai,3 Trevon Fuller,3 Oscar Luboya Numbi,7 Emile Okitolonda Wemakoy,8 Jean Jacques Muyembe Tamfum,4 Dalau Nkamba Mukadi,8 Mala Ali Mapatano,8,9,* Anne W Rimoin,3,* Paul-Samson Lusamba Dikassa8,* 1Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kamina, Kamina, Democratic Republic of the Congo; 2Expanded Program on Immunization, Ministry of Health, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo; 3Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA; 4National Institute of Biomedical Research (INRB), Ministry of Health, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo; 5UCLA-DRC Health Research and Training Program, UCLA-DRC, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo; 6Polio Eradication program, The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA; 7Faculty of Medicine, University of Lubumbashi, Lubumbashi, 1825, Democratic Republic of the Congo; 8Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo; 9Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Nicole A Hoff, Field Director for UCLA-DRC Research Program and Researcher at UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, 5345 Av De la Démocratie (Ex Av. Des huileries), Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Tel +1 (240) 409-0578, Email nhoff84@ucla.edu Guillaume N Mwamba, Expanded Program on Immunization, 32 Av De la Justice, Kinshasa-Gombe, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Tel +243817975023, Email guillaumengoiemwamba@gmail.comBackground: Malnutrition is identified as a risk-factor for insufficient polioseroconversion in the context of a vaccine-derived polio virus (VDPV) outbreak prone region. To assess the prevalence of malnutrition and its link to poliovirus insufficient immunity, a cross-sectional household survey was conducted in the regions of Haut- Lomami and Tanganyika, DRC.Methods: In March 2018, we included 968 healthy children aged 6 to 59 months from eight out of 27 districts. Selection of study locations within these districts was done using a stratified random sampling method, where villages were chosen based on habitat characteristics identified from satellite images. Consent was obtained verbally in the preferred language of the participant (French or Swahili) by interviewers who received specific training for this task. Furthermore, participants contributed a dried blood spot sample, collected via finger prick. To assess malnutrition, we measured height and weight, applying WHO criteria to determine rates of underweight, wasting, and stunting. The assessment of immunity to poliovirus types 1, 2, and 3 through the detection of neutralizing antibodies was carried out at the CDC in Atlanta, USA.Results: Of the study population, we found 24.7% underweight, 54.8% stunted, and 15.4% wasted. With IC95%, underweight (OR=1.50; [1.11– 2.03]), and the non-administration of vitamin A (OR=1.96; [1.52– 2.54]) were significantly associated with seronegativity to polioserotype 1. Underweight (OR=1.64; [1.20– 2.24]) and the non-administration of vitamin A (OR=1.55; [1.20– 2.01]) were significantly associated with seronegativity to polioserotype 2. Underweight (OR=1.50; [1.11– 2.03]), and the non-administration of vitamin A (OR=1.80. [1.38– 2.35]) were significantly associated with seronegativity to polioserotype 3. Underweight (OR=1.68; IC95% [1.10– 2.57]) and the non-administration of vitamin A (OR=1.82; IC95% [1.30– 2.55]) were significantly associated with seronegativity to all polioserotypes.Conclusion: This study reveals a significant association between underweight and polioseronegativity in children. In order to reduce vaccine failures in high-risk areas, an integrated approach by vaccination and nutrition programs should be adopted.Keywords: children, underweight, polioserotype, malnutrition, seronegativity, DRC

Published
2024

2. Prediction Model with Validation for Polioseronegativity in Malnourished Children from Poliomyelitis Transmission High-Risk Area of the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC)

Author

Mwamba GN, Kabamba M, Hoff NA, Mukadi PK, Musene KK, Gerber SK, Halbrook M, Sinai C, Fuller T, Voorman A, Mawaw PM, Numbi OL, Wemakoy EO, Mechael PN, Tamfum JJM, Mapatano MA, Rimoin AW, and Lusamba Dikassa PS

Subjects
prediction model, validation, child health, child nutrition, underweight, serotypes, polio serotype, seronegativity, poliomyelitis neutralizing antibodies, malnutrition, drc., Medicine
Abstract

Guillaume Ngoie Mwamba,1,2 Michel Kabamba,1,2 Nicole A Hoff,3 Patrick K Mukadi,4 Kamy Kaminye Musene,5 Sue K Gerber,6 Megan Halbrook,3 Cyrus Sinai,3 Trevon Fuller,3 Arie Voorman,6 Paul Makan Mawaw,7 Oscar Luboya Numbi,7 Emile Okitolonda Wemakoy,8 Patricia N Mechael,9 Jean Jacques Muyembe Tamfum,4 Mala Ali Mapatano,10,&ast; Anne W Rimoin,3,&ast; Paul-Samson Lusamba Dikassa8,&ast; 1Department of Public Health, University of Kamina, Kamina, Haut-Lomami, Democratic Republic of the Congo; 2Expanded Programme on Immunization, Ministry of Health, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo; 3Department of Epidemiology, UCLA Fielding School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA, USA; 4National Institute of Biomedical Research (INRB), Ministry of Health, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo; 5Health Research and Training Program, UCLA-DRC, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo; 6Polio eradication program, The Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA; 7Faculty of Medicine, University of Lubumbashi, Lubumbashi, Haut-Katanga, 1825, Democratic Republic of the Congo; 8Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo; 9Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA; 10Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, University of Kinshasa, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Michel Kabamba, Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Kamina, Kamina, Haut-Lomami, 279, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Tel +243978467432, Email michelnzaji@yahoo.frBackground: Malnutrition is identified as a risk factor for insufficient polio seroconversion in the context of a vaccine-derived poliovirus (VDPV) outbreak-prone region. In the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), underweight decreased from 31% (in 2001) to 26% (in 2018). Since 2004, VDPV serotype 2 outbreaks (cVDPV2) have been documented and were geographically limited around the Haut-Lomami and Tanganyika Provinces.Methods: To develop and validate a predictive model for poliomyelitis vaccine response in malnourished infants, a cross-sectional household study was carried out in the Haut-Lomami and Tanganyika provinces. Healthy children aged 6 to 59 months (n=968) were enrolled from eight health zones (HZ) out of 27, in March 2018. We performed a bivariate and multivariate logistics analysis. Final models were selected using a stepwise Wald method, and variables were selected based on the criterion p < 0.05. The association between nutritional variables, explaining polio seronegativity for the three serotypes, was assessed using the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC curve).Results: Factors significantly associated with seronegativity to the three polio serotypes were underweight, non-administration of vitamin A, and the age group of 12 to 59 months. The sensitivity was 10.5%, and its specificity was 96.4% while the positive predictive values (PPV) and negative (PNV) were 62.7% and 65.3%, respectively. We found a convergence of the curves of the initial sample and two split samples. Based on the comparison of the overlapping confidence intervals of the ROC curve, we concluded that our prediction model is valid.Conclusion: This study proposed the first tool which variables are easy to collect by any health worker in charge of vaccination or in charge of nutrition. It will bring on top, the collaboration between the Immunization and the Nutritional programs in DRC integration policy, and its replicability in other low- and middle-income countries with endemic poliovirus.Keywords: prediction model, validation, child health, child nutrition, underweight, serotypes, polio serotype, seronegativity, poliomyelitis-neutralizing antibodies, malnutrition, DRC

Published
2023

3. Editors' Choice - Ionomer Side Chain Length and Equivalent Weight Impact on High Current Density Transport Resistances in PEMFC Cathodes

Author

Ramaswamy, N, Kumaraguru, S, Koestner, R, Fuller, T, Gu, W, Kariuki, N, Myers, D, Dudenas, PJ, and Kusoglu, A

Subjects
Fuel Cells, PEM, Electrocatalysis, Membranes and Separators, Cathode Catalyst Layer, Reactant Transport, Macromolecular and Materials Chemistry, Physical Chemistry (incl. Structural), Materials Engineering, Energy
Abstract

Cell voltage at high current densities (HCD) of an operating proton-exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) suffers from losses due to the local-O2 and bulk-H+ transport resistances in the cathode catalyst layer (CCL). Particularly, the interaction of perfluorosulfonic acid (PFSA) ionomer with the carbon supported platinum catalyst plays a critical role in controlling reactant transport to the active site. In this study, we perform a systematic analysis of the side chain length and equivalent weight (EW) of PFSA ionomers on the CCL transport resistances. Ex situ measurements were carried out to quantify the ionomer characteristics such as the molecular weight, proton conductivity and water uptake. Nanomorphology of ionomers cast as 60-120 nm thin-films is characterized using grazing-incidence X-ray scattering. In situ fuel cell electrochemical diagnostic measurements were carried out to quantify the reactant (H+/O2) transport properties of the CCL. Ionomer EW was found to play a major role with decreasing EW yielding higher proton conductivity and water uptake that led to lower bulk-H+ and local-O2 transport resistances in the CCL. Finally, a 1D-semi-empirical performance model has been developed to quantify the impact of ionomer EW on cell voltage loss factors.

Published
2021

5. Healthy eating : lay and professional perspectives in Scotland

Author

Fuller, T. L.

Subjects
610.7343
Abstract

By exploring both lay and professional perspectives on 'healthy eating', this thesis aims to identify the socio-cultural processes which are relevant to understanding the potential for general practice as a setting for providing 'healthy eating advice'. Lay views of 'healthy eating' were explored in relation to their everyday lives, so that their views on advice provided in the general practice setting could be understood within this broader context. For the general practitioners, the focus was upon their professional views of healthy eating work, how this related to their personal views on food and eating, and how this may influence any advice they do provide. Analysis of the lay interviews revealed that lay concepts of 'healthy eating' are deeply embedded within everyday understandings of health and subsequently 'health' is only one priority that explains why people eat what they do on a day to day basis. The lay respondents also distanced themselves from different types of 'healthy eating advice', by evaluating it in relation to 'common-sense' understandings of the relationship between food and health. But although a distancing process was also applied to evaluating the general practitioner's role in this area, they questioned the legitimacy of 'healthy eating' as a discussion topic because they felt that a GP's role was to treat illness. The analysis of the interviews with general practitioners revealed they also drew upon certain models of general practice to evaluate the potential of the setting for providing 'healthy eating advice'. Their accounts revealed contrasting enthusiasm towards preventive work more generally. It was apparent that these models appeared to influence how these general practitioners talked about what preventive work their profession should be undertaking. However, these models also appeared to influence how they talked about their own experiences of the 'healthy eating advice' they did provide.

Published
2002

9. Lawson Criterion for Ignition Exceeded in an Inertial Fusion Experiment

Author

Abu-Shawareb, H, Acree, R, Adams, P, Adams, J, Addis, B, Aden, R, Adrian, P, Afeyan, BB, Aggleton, M, Aghaian, L, Aguirre, A, Aikens, D, Akre, J, Albert, F, Albrecht, M, Albright, BJ, Albritton, J, Alcala, J, Alday, C, Alessi, DA, Alexander, N, Alfonso, J, Alfonso, N, Alger, E, Ali, SJ, Ali, ZA, Alley, WE, Amala, P, Amendt, PA, Amick, P, Ammula, S, Amorin, C, Ampleford, DJ, Anderson, RW, Anklam, T, Antipa, N, Appelbe, B, Aracne-Ruddle, C, Araya, E, Arend, M, Arnold, P, Arnold, T, Asay, J, Atherton, LJ, Atkinson, D, Atkinson, R, Auerbach, JM, Austin, B, Auyang, L, Awwal, AS, Ayers, J, Ayers, S, Ayers, T, Azevedo, S, Bachmann, B, Back, CA, Bae, J, Bailey, DS, Bailey, J, Baisden, T, Baker, KL, Baldis, H, Barber, D, Barberis, M, Barker, D, Barnes, A, Barnes, CW, Barrios, MA, Barty, C, Bass, I, Batha, SH, Baxamusa, SH, Bazan, G, Beagle, JK, Beale, R, Beck, BR, Beck, JB, Bedzyk, M, Beeler, RG, Behrendt, W, Belk, L, Bell, P, Belyaev, M, Benage, JF, Bennett, G, Benedetti, LR, Benedict, LX, Berger, R, Bernat, T, Bernstein, LA, Berry, B, Bertolini, L, Besenbruch, G, Betcher, J, Bettenhausen, R, Betti, R, Bezzerides, B, Bhandarkar, SD, Bickel, R, Biener, J, Biesiada, T, Bigelow, K, Bigelow-Granillo, J, Bigman, V, Bionta, RM, Birge, NW, Bitter, M, Black, AC, Bleile, R, Bleuel, DL, Bliss, E, Blue, B, Boehly, T, Boehm, K, Boley, CD, Bonanno, R, Bond, EJ, Bond, T, Bonino, MJ, Borden, M, Bourgade, J-L, Bousquet, J, Bowers, J, Bowers, M, Boyd, R, Bozek, A, Bradley, DK, Bradley, KS, Bradley, PA, Bradley, L, Brannon, L, Brantley, PS, Braun, D, Braun, T, Brienza-Larsen, K, Briggs, TM, Britten, J, Brooks, ED, Browning, D, Bruhn, MW, Brunner, TA, Bruns, H, Brunton, G, Bryant, B, Buczek, T, Bude, J, Buitano, L, Burkhart, S, Burmark, J, Burnham, A, Burr, R, Busby, LE, Butlin, B, Cabeltis, R, Cable, M, Cabot, WH, Cagadas, B, Caggiano, J, Cahayag, R, Caldwell, SE, Calkins, S, Callahan, DA, Calleja-Aguirre, J, Camara, L, Camp, D, Campbell, EM, Campbell, JH, Carey, B, Carey, R, Carlisle, K, Carlson, L, Carman, L, Carmichael, J, Carpenter, A, Carr, C, Carrera, JA, Casavant, D, Casey, A, Casey, DT, Castillo, A, Castillo, E, Castor, JI, Castro, C, Caughey, W, Cavitt, R, Celeste, J, Celliers, PM, Cerjan, C, Chandler, G, Chang, B, Chang, C, Chang, J, Chang, L, Chapman, R, Chapman, T, Chase, L, Chen, H, Chen, K, Chen, L-Y, Cheng, B, Chittenden, J, Choate, C, Chou, J, Chrien, RE, Chrisp, M, Christensen, K, Christensen, M, Christopherson, AR, Chung, M, Church, JA, Clark, A, Clark, DS, Clark, K, Clark, R, Claus, L, Cline, B, Cline, JA, Cobble, JA, Cochrane, K, Cohen, B, Cohen, S, Collette, MR, Collins, G, Collins, LA, Collins, TJB, Conder, A, Conrad, B, Conyers, M, Cook, AW, Cook, D, Cook, R, Cooley, JC, Cooper, G, Cope, T, Copeland, SR, Coppari, F, Cortez, J, Cox, J, Crandall, DH, Crane, J, Craxton, RS, Cray, M, Crilly, A, Crippen, JW, Cross, D, Cuneo, M, Cuotts, G, Czajka, CE, Czechowicz, D, Daly, T, Danforth, P, Darbee, R, Darlington, B, Datte, P, Dauffy, L, Davalos, G, Davidovits, S, Davis, P, Davis, J, Dawson, S, Day, RD, Day, TH, Dayton, M, Deck, C, Decker, C, Deeney, C, DeFriend, KA, Deis, G, Delamater, ND, Delettrez, JA, Demaret, R, Demos, S, Dempsey, SM, Desjardin, R, Desjardins, T, Desjarlais, MP, Dewald, EL, DeYoreo, J, Diaz, S, Dimonte, G, Dittrich, TR, Divol, L, Dixit, SN, Dixon, J, Dodd, ES, Dolan, D, Donovan, A, Donovan, M, Döppner, T, Dorrer, C, Dorsano, N, Douglas, MR, Dow, D, Downie, J, Downing, E, Dozieres, M, Draggoo, V, Drake, D, Drake, RP, Drake, T, Dreifuerst, G, DuBois, DF, DuBois, PF, Dunham, G, Dylla-Spears, R, Dymoke-Bradshaw, AKL, Dzenitis, B, Ebbers, C, Eckart, M, Eddinger, S, Eder, D, Edgell, D, Edwards, MJ, Efthimion, P, Eggert, JH, Ehrlich, B, Ehrmann, P, Elhadj, S, Ellerbee, C, Elliott, NS, Ellison, CL, Elsner, F, Emerich, M, Engelhorn, K, England, T, English, E, Epperson, P, Epstein, R, Erbert, G, Erickson, MA, Erskine, DJ, Erlandson, A, Espinosa, RJ, Estes, C, Estabrook, KG, Evans, S, Fabyan, A, Fair, J, Fallejo, R, Farmer, N, Farmer, WA, Farrell, M, Fatherley, VE, Fedorov, M, Feigenbaum, E, Feit, M, Ferguson, W, Fernandez, JC, Fernandez-Panella, A, Fess, S, Field, JE, Filip, CV, Fincke, JR, Finn, T, Finnegan, SM, Finucane, RG, Fischer, M, Fisher, A, Fisher, J, Fishler, B, Fittinghoff, D, Fitzsimmons, P, Flegel, M, Flippo, KA, Florio, J, Folta, J, Folta, P, Foreman, LR, Forrest, C, Forsman, A, Fooks, J, Foord, M, Fortner, R, Fournier, K, Fratanduono, DE, Frazier, N, Frazier, T, Frederick, C, Freeman, MS, Frenje, J, Frey, D, Frieders, G, Friedrich, S, Froula, DH, Fry, J, Fuller, T, Gaffney, J, Gales, S, Le Galloudec, B, Le Galloudec, KK, Gambhir, A, Gao, L, Garbett, WJ, Garcia, A, Gates, C, Gaut, E, Gauthier, P, Gavin, Z, Gaylord, J, Geissel, M, Génin, F, Georgeson, J, Geppert-Kleinrath, H, Geppert-Kleinrath, V, Gharibyan, N, Gibson, J, Gibson, C, Giraldez, E, Glebov, V, Glendinning, SG, Glenn, S, Glenzer, SH, Goade, S, Gobby, PL, Goldman, SR, Golick, B, Gomez, M, Goncharov, V, Goodin, D, Grabowski, P, Grafil, E, Graham, P, Grandy, J, Grasz, E, Graziani, F, Greenman, G, Greenough, JA, Greenwood, A, Gregori, G, Green, T, Griego, JR, Grim, GP, Grondalski, J, Gross, S, Guckian, J, Guler, N, Gunney, B, Guss, G, Haan, S, Hackbarth, J, Hackel, L, Hackel, R, Haefner, C, Hagmann, C, Hahn, KD, Hahn, S, Haid, BJ, Haines, BM, Hall, BM, Hall, C, Hall, GN, Hamamoto, M, Hamel, S, Hamilton, CE, Hammel, BA, Hammer, JH, Hampton, G, Hamza, A, Handler, A, Hansen, S, Hanson, D, Haque, R, Harding, D, Harding, E, Hares, JD, Harris, DB, Harte, JA, Hartouni, EP, Hatarik, R, Hatchett, S, Hauer, AA, Havre, M, Hawley, R, Hayes, J, Hayes, S, Hayes-Sterbenz, A, Haynam, CA, Haynes, DA, Headley, D, Heal, A, Heebner, JE, Heerey, S, Heestand, GM, Heeter, R, Hein, N, Heinbockel, C, Hendricks, C, Henesian, M, Heninger, J, Henrikson, J, Henry, EA, Herbold, EB, Hermann, MR, Hermes, G, Hernandez, JE, Hernandez, VJ, Herrmann, MC, Herrmann, HW, Herrera, OD, Hewett, D, Hibbard, R, Hicks, DG, Hill, D, Hill, K, Hilsabeck, T, Hinkel, DE, Ho, DD, Ho, VK, Hoffer, JK, Hoffman, NM, Hohenberger, M, Hohensee, M, Hoke, W, Holdener, D, Holdener, F, Holder, JP, Holko, B, Holunga, D, Holzrichter, JF, Honig, J, Hoover, D, Hopkins, D, Berzak Hopkins, L, Hoppe, M, Hoppe, ML, Horner, J, Hornung, R, Horsfield, CJ, Horvath, J, Hotaling, D, House, R, Howell, L, Hsing, WW, Hu, SX, Huang, H, Huckins, J, Hui, H, Humbird, KD, Hund, J, Hunt, J, Hurricane, OA, Hutton, M, Huynh, KH-K, Inandan, L, Iglesias, C, Igumenshchev, IV, Izumi, N, Jackson, M, Jackson, J, Jacobs, SD, James, G, Jancaitis, K, Jarboe, J, Jarrott, LC, Jasion, D, Jaquez, J, Jeet, J, Jenei, AE, Jensen, J, Jimenez, J, Jimenez, R, Jobe, D, Johal, Z, Johns, HM, Johnson, D, Johnson, MA, Gatu Johnson, M, Johnson, RJ, Johnson, S, Johnson, SA, Johnson, T, Jones, K, Jones, O, Jones, M, Jorge, R, Jorgenson, HJ, Julian, M, Jun, BI, Jungquist, R, Kaae, J, Kabadi, N, Kaczala, D, Kalantar, D, Kangas, K, Karasiev, VV, Karasik, M, Karpenko, V, Kasarky, A, Kasper, K, Kauffman, R, Kaufman, MI, Keane, C, Keaty, L, Kegelmeyer, L, Keiter, PA, Kellett, PA, Kellogg, J, Kelly, JH, Kemic, S, Kemp, AJ, Kemp, GE, Kerbel, GD, Kershaw, D, Kerr, SM, Kessler, TJ, Key, MH, Khan, SF, Khater, H, Kiikka, C, Kilkenny, J, Kim, Y, Kim, Y-J, Kimko, J, Kimmel, M, Kindel, JM, King, J, Kirkwood, RK, Klaus, L, Klem, D, Kline, JL, Klingmann, J, Kluth, G, Knapp, P, Knauer, J, Knipping, J, Knudson, M, Kobs, D, Koch, J, Kohut, T, Kong, C, Koning, JM, Koning, P, Konior, S, Kornblum, H, Kot, LB, Kozioziemski, B, Kozlowski, M, Kozlowski, PM, Krammen, J, Krasheninnikova, NS, Kraus, B, Krauser, W, Kress, JD, Kritcher, AL, Krieger, E, Kroll, JJ, Kruer, WL, Kruse, MKG, Kucheyev, S, Kumbera, M, Kumpan, S, Kunimune, J, Kustowski, B, Kwan, TJT, Kyrala, GA, Laffite, S, Lafon, M, LaFortune, K, Lahmann, B, Lairson, B, Landen, OL, Langenbrunner, J, Lagin, L, Land, T, Lane, M, Laney, D, Langdon, AB, Langer, SH, Langro, A, Lanier, NE, Lanier, TE, Larson, D, Lasinski, BF, Lassle, D, LaTray, D, Lau, G, Lau, N, Laumann, C, Laurence, A, Laurence, TA, Lawson, J, Le, HP, Leach, RR, Leal, L, Leatherland, A, LeChien, K, Lechleiter, B, Lee, A, Lee, M, Lee, T, Leeper, RJ, Lefebvre, E, Leidinger, J-P, LeMire, B, Lemke, RW, Lemos, NC, Le Pape, S, Lerche, R, Lerner, S, Letts, S, Levedahl, K, Lewis, T, Li, CK, Li, H, Li, J, Liao, W, Liao, ZM, Liedahl, D, Liebman, J, Lindford, G, Lindman, EL, Lindl, JD, Loey, H, London, RA, Long, F, Loomis, EN, Lopez, FE, Lopez, H, Losbanos, E, Loucks, S, Lowe-Webb, R, Lundgren, E, Ludwigsen, AP, Luo, R, Lusk, J, Lyons, R, Ma, T, Macallop, Y, MacDonald, MJ, MacGowan, BJ, Mack, JM, Mackinnon, AJ, MacLaren, SA, MacPhee, AG, Magelssen, GR, Magoon, J, Malone, RM, Malsbury, T, Managan, R, Mancini, R, Manes, K, Maney, D, Manha, D, Mannion, OM, Manuel, AM, Mapoles, E, Mara, G, Marcotte, T, Marin, E, Marinak, MM, Mariscal, C, Mariscal, DA, Mariscal, EF, Marley, EV, Marozas, JA, Marquez, R, Marshall, CD, Marshall, FJ, Marshall, M, Marshall, S, Marticorena, J, Martinez, D, Maslennikov, I, Mason, D, Mason, RJ, Masse, L, Massey, W, Masson-Laborde, P-E, Masters, ND, Mathisen, D, Mathison, E, Matone, J, Matthews, MJ, Mattoon, C, Mattsson, TR, Matzen, K, Mauche, CW, Mauldin, M, McAbee, T, McBurney, M, Mccarville, T, McCrory, RL, McEvoy, AM, McGuffey, C, Mcinnis, M, McKenty, P, McKinley, MS, McLeod, JB, McPherson, A, Mcquillan, B, Meamber, M, Meaney, KD, Meezan, NB, Meissner, R, Mehlhorn, TA, Mehta, NC, Menapace, J, Merrill, FE, Merritt, BT, Merritt, EC, Meyerhofer, DD, Mezyk, S, Mich, RJ, Michel, PA, Milam, D, Miller, C, Miller, D, Miller, DS, Miller, E, Miller, EK, Miller, J, Miller, M, Miller, PE, Miller, T, Miller, W, Miller-Kamm, V, Millot, M, Milovich, JL, Minner, P, Miquel, J-L, Mitchell, S, Molvig, K, Montesanti, RC, Montgomery, DS, Monticelli, M, Montoya, A, Moody, JD, Moore, AS, Moore, E, Moran, M, Moreno, JC, Moreno, K, Morgan, BE, Morrow, T, Morton, JW, Moses, E, Moy, K, Muir, R, Murillo, MS, Murray, JE, Murray, JR, Munro, DH, Murphy, TJ, Munteanu, FM, Nafziger, J, Nagayama, T, Nagel, SR, Nast, R, Negres, RA, Nelson, A, Nelson, D, Nelson, J, Nelson, S, Nemethy, S, Neumayer, P, Newman, K, Newton, M, Nguyen, H, Di Nicola, J-MG, Di Nicola, P, Niemann, C, Nikroo, A, Nilson, PM, Nobile, A, Noorai, V, Nora, R, Norton, M, Nostrand, M, Note, V, Novell, S, Nowak, PF, Nunez, A, Nyholm, RA, O'Brien, M, Oceguera, A, Oertel, JA, Okui, J, Olejniczak, B, Oliveira, J, Olsen, P, Olson, B, Olson, K, Olson, RE, Opachich, YP, Orsi, N, Orth, CD, Owen, M, Padalino, S, Padilla, E, Paguio, R, Paguio, S, Paisner, J, Pajoom, S, Pak, A, Palaniyappan, S, Palma, K, Pannell, T, Papp, F, Paras, D, Parham, T, Park, H-S, Pasternak, A, Patankar, S, Patel, MV, Patel, PK, Patterson, R, Patterson, S, Paul, B, Paul, M, Pauli, E, Pearce, OT, Pearcy, J, Pedrotti, B, Peer, A, Pelz, LJ, Penetrante, B, Penner, J, Perez, A, Perkins, LJ, Pernice, E, Perry, TS, Person, S, Petersen, D, Petersen, T, Peterson, DL, Peterson, EB, Peterson, JE, Peterson, JL, Peterson, K, Peterson, RR, Petrasso, RD, Philippe, F, Phipps, TJ, Piceno, E, Ping, Y, Pickworth, L, Pino, J, Plummer, R, Pollack, GD, Pollaine, SM, Pollock, BB, Ponce, D, Ponce, J, Pontelandolfo, J, Porter, JL, Post, J, Poujade, O, Powell, C, Powell, H, Power, G, Pozulp, M, Prantil, M, Prasad, M, Pratuch, S, Price, S, Primdahl, K, Prisbrey, S, Procassini, R, Pruyne, A, Pudliner, B, Qiu, SR, Quan, K, Quinn, M, Quintenz, J, Radha, PB, Rainer, F, Ralph, JE, Raman, KS, Raman, R, Rambo, P, Rana, S, Randewich, A, Rardin, D, Ratledge, M, Ravelo, N, Ravizza, F, Rayce, M, Raymond, A, Raymond, B, Reed, B, Reed, C, Regan, S, Reichelt, B, Reis, V, Reisdorf, S, Rekow, V, Remington, BA, Rendon, A, Requieron, W, Rever, M, Reynolds, H, Reynolds, J, Rhodes, J, Rhodes, M, Richardson, MC, Rice, B, Rice, NG, Rieben, R, Rigatti, A, Riggs, S, Rinderknecht, HG, Ring, K, Riordan, B, Riquier, R, Rivers, C, Roberts, D, Roberts, V, Robertson, G, Robey, HF, Robles, J, Rocha, P, Rochau, G, Rodriguez, J, Rodriguez, S, Rosen, M, Rosenberg, M, Ross, G, Ross, JS, Ross, P, Rouse, J, Rovang, D, Rubenchik, AM, Rubery, MS, Ruiz, CL, Rushford, M, Russ, B, Rygg, JR, Ryujin, BS, Sacks, RA, Sacks, RF, Saito, K, Salmon, T, Salmonson, JD, Sanchez, J, Samuelson, S, Sanchez, M, Sangster, C, Saroyan, A, Sater, J, Satsangi, A, Sauers, S, Saunders, R, Sauppe, JP, Sawicki, R, Sayre, D, Scanlan, M, Schaffers, K, Schappert, GT, Schiaffino, S, Schlossberg, DJ, Schmidt, DW, Schmitt, MJ, Schneider, DHG, Schneider, MB, Schneider, R, Schoff, M, Schollmeier, M, Schölmerich, M, Schroeder, CR, Schrauth, SE, Scott, HA, Scott, I, Scott, JM, Scott, RHH, Scullard, CR, Sedillo, T, Seguin, FH, Seka, W, Senecal, J, Sepke, SM, Seppala, L, Sequoia, K, Severyn, J, Sevier, JM, Sewell, N, Seznec, S, Shah, RC, Shamlian, J, Shaughnessy, D, Shaw, M, Shaw, R, Shearer, C, Shelton, R, Shen, N, Sherlock, MW, Shestakov, AI, Shi, EL, Shin, SJ, Shingleton, N, Shmayda, W, Shor, M, Shoup, M, Shuldberg, C, Siegel, L, Silva, FJ, Simakov, AN, Sims, BT, Sinars, D, Singh, P, Sio, H, Skulina, K, Skupsky, S, Slutz, S, Sluyter, M, Smalyuk, VA, Smauley, D, Smeltser, RM, Smith, C, Smith, I, Smith, J, Smith, L, Smith, R, Sohn, R, Sommer, S, Sorce, C, Sorem, M, Soures, JM, Spaeth, ML, Spears, BK, Speas, S, Speck, D, Speck, R, Spears, J, Spinka, T, Springer, PT, Stadermann, M, Stahl, B, Stahoviak, J, Stanton, LG, Steele, R, Steele, W, Steinman, D, Stemke, R, Stephens, R, Sterbenz, S, Sterne, P, Stevens, D, Stevers, J, Still, CB, Stoeckl, C, Stoeffl, W, Stolken, JS, Stolz, C, Storm, E, Stone, G, Stoupin, S, Stout, E, Stowers, I, Strauser, R, Streckart, H, Streit, J, Strozzi, DJ, Suratwala, T, Sutcliffe, G, Suter, LJ, Sutton, SB, Svidzinski, V, Swadling, G, Sweet, W, Szoke, A, Tabak, M, Takagi, M, Tambazidis, A, Tang, V, Taranowski, M, Taylor, LA, Telford, S, Theobald, W, Thi, M, Thomas, A, Thomas, CA, Thomas, I, Thomas, R, Thompson, IJ, Thongstisubskul, A, Thorsness, CB, Tietbohl, G, Tipton, RE, Tobin, M, Tomlin, N, Tommasini, R, Toreja, AJ, Torres, J, Town, RPJ, Townsend, S, Trenholme, J, Trivelpiece, A, Trosseille, C, Truax, H, Trummer, D, Trummer, S, Truong, T, Tubbs, D, Tubman, ER, Tunnell, T, Turnbull, D, Turner, RE, Ulitsky, M, Upadhye, R, Vaher, JL, VanArsdall, P, VanBlarcom, D, Vandenboomgaerde, M, VanQuinlan, R, Van Wonterghem, BM, Varnum, WS, Velikovich, AL, Vella, A, Verdon, CP, Vermillion, B, Vernon, S, Vesey, R, Vickers, J, Vignes, RM, Visosky, M, Vocke, J, Volegov, PL, Vonhof, S, Von Rotz, R, Vu, HX, Vu, M, Wall, D, Wall, J, Wallace, R, Wallin, B, Walmer, D, Walsh, CA, Walters, CF, Waltz, C, Wan, A, Wang, A, Wang, Y, Wark, JS, Warner, BE, Watson, J, Watt, RG, Watts, P, Weaver, J, Weaver, RP, Weaver, S, Weber, CR, Weber, P, Weber, SV, Wegner, P, Welday, B, Welser-Sherrill, L, Weiss, K, Widmann, K, Wheeler, GF, Whistler, W, White, RK, Whitley, HD, Whitman, P, Wickett, ME, Widmayer, C, Wiedwald, J, Wilcox, R, Wilcox, S, Wild, C, Wilde, BH, Wilde, CH, Wilhelmsen, K, Wilke, MD, Wilkens, H, Wilkins, P, Wilks, SC, Williams, EA, Williams, GJ, Williams, W, Williams, WH, Wilson, DC, Wilson, B, Wilson, E, Wilson, R, Winters, S, Wisoff, J, Wittman, M, Wolfe, J, Wong, A, Wong, KW, Wong, L, Wong, N, Wood, R, Woodhouse, D, Woodruff, J, Woods, DT, Woods, S, Woodworth, BN, Wooten, E, Wootton, A, Work, K, Workman, JB, Wright, J, Wu, M, Wuest, C, Wysocki, FJ, Xu, H, Yamaguchi, M, Yang, B, Yang, ST, Yatabe, J, Yeamans, CB, Yee, BC, Yi, SA, Yin, L, Young, B, Young, CS, Young, CV, Young, P, Youngblood, K, Zacharias, R, Zagaris, G, Zaitseva, N, Zaka, F, Ze, F, Zeiger, B, Zika, M, Zimmerman, GB, Zobrist, T, Zuegel, JD, Zylstra, AB, Indirect Drive ICF Collaboration, Collaboration, Indirect Drive ICF, AWE Plc, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, and U.S Department of Energy

Subjects
General Physics, 02 Physical Sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, Indirect Drive ICF Collaboration, 01 Mathematical Sciences, 09 Engineering
Abstract

For more than half a century, researchers around the world have been engaged in attempts to achieve fusion ignition as a proof of principle of various fusion concepts. Following the Lawson criterion, an ignited plasma is one where the fusion heating power is high enough to overcome all the physical processes that cool the fusion plasma, creating a positive thermodynamic feedback loop with rapidly increasing temperature. In inertially confined fusion, ignition is a state where the fusion plasma can begin "burn propagation" into surrounding cold fuel, enabling the possibility of high energy gain. While "scientific breakeven" (i.e., unity target gain) has not yet been achieved (here target gain is 0.72, 1.37 MJ of fusion for 1.92 MJ of laser energy), this Letter reports the first controlled fusion experiment, using laser indirect drive, on the National Ignition Facility to produce capsule gain (here 5.8) and reach ignition by nine different formulations of the Lawson criterion.

Published
2022

13. Cognitive behavioural therapy for tinnitus (Review)

Author

Fuller, T, Cima, R, Langguth, B, Mazurek, B, Vlaeyen, Johannes, and Hoare, DJ

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Tinnitus affects up to 21% of the adult population with an estimated 1% to 3% experiencing severe problems. Cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) is a collection of psychological treatments based on the cognitive and behavioural traditions in psychology and often used to treat people suffering from tinnitus. OBJECTIVES: To assess the effects and safety of CBT for tinnitus in adults. SEARCH METHODS: The Cochrane ENT Information Specialist searched the ENT Trials Register; CENTRAL (2019, Issue 11); Ovid MEDLINE; Ovid Embase; CINAHL; Web of Science; ClinicalTrials.gov; ICTRP and additional sources for published and unpublished trials. The date of the search was 25 November 2019. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) of CBT versus no intervention, audiological care, tinnitus retraining therapy or any other active treatment in adult participants with tinnitus. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: We used the standard methodological procedures expected by Cochrane. Our primary outcomes were the impact of tinnitus on disease-specific quality of life and serious adverse effects. Our secondary outcomes were: depression, anxiety, general health-related quality of life, negatively biased interpretations of tinnitus and other adverse effects. We used GRADE to assess the certainty of evidence for each outcome. MAIN RESULTS: We included 28 studies (mostly from Europe) with a total of 2733 participants. All participants had had tinnitus for at least three months and their average age ranged from 43 to 70 years. The duration of the CBT ranged from 3 to 22 weeks and it was mostly conducted in hospitals or online. There were four comparisons and we were interested in outcomes at end of treatment, and 6 and 12 months follow-up. The results below only refer to outcomes at end of treatment due to an absence of evidence at the other follow-up time points. CBT versus no intervention/wait list control Fourteen studies compared CBT with no intervention/wait list control. For the primary outcome, CBT may reduce the impact of tinnitus on quality of life at treatment end (standardised mean difference (SMD) -0.56, 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.83 to -0.30; 10 studies; 537 participants; low certainty). Re-expressed as a score on the Tinnitus Handicap Inventory (THI; range 0 to 100) this is equivalent to a score 10.91 points lower in the CBT group, with an estimated minimal clinically important difference (MCID) for this scale being 7 points. Seven studies, rated as moderate certainty, either reported or informed us via personal communication about serious adverse effects. CBT probably results in little or no difference in adverse effects: six studies reported none and in one study one participant in the CBT condition worsened (risk ratio (RR) 3.00, 95% CI 0.13 to 69.87). For the secondary outcomes, CBT may result in a slight reduction in depression (SMD -0.34, 95% CI-0.60 to -0.08; 8 studies; 502 participants; low certainty). However, we are uncertain whether CBT reduces anxiety, improves health-related quality of life or reduces negatively biased interpretations of tinnitus (all very low certainty). From seven studies, no other adverse effects were reported (moderate certainty). CBT versus audiological care Three studies compared CBT with audiological care. CBT probably reduces the impact of tinnitus on quality of life when compared with audiological care as measured by the THI (range 0 to 100; mean difference (MD) -5.65, 95% CI -9.79 to -1.50; 3 studies; 444 participants) (moderate certainty; MCID = 7 points). No serious adverse effects occurred in the two included studies reporting these, thus risk ratios were not calculated (moderate certainty). The evidence suggests that CBT may slightly reduce depression but may result in little or no difference in anxiety or health-related quality of life (all low certainty) when compared with audiological care. CBT may reduce negatively biased interpretations of tinnitus when compared with audiological care (low certainty). No other adverse effects were reported for either group (moderate certainty). CBT versus tinnitus retraining therapy (TRT) One study compared CBT with TRT (including bilateral sound generators as per TRT protocol). CBT may reduce the impact of tinnitus on quality of life as measured by the THI when compared with TRT (range 0 to 100) (MD -15.79, 95% CI -27.91 to -3.67; 1 study; 42 participants; low certainty). For serious adverse effects three participants deteriorated during the study: one in the CBT (n = 22) and two in the TRT group (n = 20) (RR 0.45, 95% CI 0.04 to 4.64; low certainty). We are uncertain whether CBT reduces depression and anxiety or improves health-related quality of life (low certainty). CBT may reduce negatively biased interpretations of tinnitus. No data were available for other adverse effects. CBT versus other active control Sixteen studies compared CBT with another active control (e.g. relaxation, information, Internet-based discussion forums). CBT may reduce the impact of tinnitus on quality of life when compared with other active treatments (SMD -0.30, 95% CI -0.55 to -0.05; 12 studies; 966 participants; low certainty). Re-expressed as a THI score this is equivalent to 5.84 points lower in the CBT group than the other active control group (MCID = 7 points). One study reported that three participants deteriorated: one in the CBT and two in the information only group (RR 1.70, 95% CI 0.16 to 18.36; low certainty). CBT may reduce depression and anxiety (both low certainty). We are uncertain whether CBT improves health-related quality of life compared with other control. CBT probably reduces negatively biased interpretations of tinnitus compared with other treatments. No data were available for other adverse effects. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS: CBT may be effective in reducing the negative impact that tinnitus can have on quality of life. There is, however, an absence of evidence at 6 or 12 months follow-up. There is also some evidence that adverse effects may be rare in adults with tinnitus receiving CBT, but this could be further investigated. CBT for tinnitus may have small additional benefit in reducing symptoms of depression although uncertainty remains due to concerns about the quality of the evidence. Overall, there is limited evidence for CBT for tinnitus improving anxiety, health-related quality of life or negatively biased interpretations of tinnitus. ispartof: Cochrane Database Of Systematic Reviews vol:1 issue:1 ispartof: location:England status: Published online

Published
2020

14. 'Relationships mean everything'; a typology of small-business relationship strategies in a reflexive context

Author

Fuller, T. and Lewis, J.

Subjects
Small business -- Analysis, Customer relations -- Analysis, Small business, SOHO, Business, Business, general
Abstract

An analysis of interviews with owner-managers of small businesses shows that relationships with customers and suppliers have long-term effects on business trajectory. Relational reflexivity is a causal mechanism of the firm's subsequent actions.

Published
2002

22. What affects authors' and editors' use of reporting guidelines? Findings from an online survey and qualitative interviews

Author

Fuller, T., Fuller, T., Pearson, M., Peters, J., Anderson, R., Fuller, T., Fuller, T., Pearson, M., Peters, J., and Anderson, R.

Abstract

Objectives To identify and understand, through data from multiple sources, some of the factors that affect authors' and editors' decisions to use reporting guidelines in the publication of health research. Design Mixed methods study comprising an online survey and semi-structured interviews with a sample of authors (online survey: n = 56; response rate = 32%; semi-structured interviews: n = 5) and journal editors (online survey: n = 43; response rate = 27%; semi-structured interviews: n = 6) involved in publishing health and medical research. Participants were recruited from an earlier study examining the effectiveness of the TREND reporting guideline. Results Four types of factors interacted to affect authors' and editors' likelihood of reporting guideline use; individual (e.g. having multiple reasons for use of reporting guidelines); the professional culture in which people work; environmental (e.g. policies of journals); and, practical (e.g. having time to use reporting guidelines). Having multiple reasons for using reporting guidelines was a particularly salient factor in facilitating reporting guidelines use for both groups of participants. Conclusions Improving the completeness and consistency of reporting of research studies is critical to the integrity and synthesis of health research. The use of reporting guidelines offers one potentially efficient and effective means for achieving this, but decisions to use (or not use) reporting guidelines take many factors into account. These findings could be used to inform future studies that might, for example, test the factors that we have identified within a wider theoretical framework for understanding changes in professional practices. The use of reporting guidelines by senior professionals appears to shape the expectations of what constitutes best practice and can be assimilated into the culture of a field or discipline. Without evidence of effectiveness of reporting guidelines, and sustained, multifaceted effort

Published
2015

23. All the Things You Are: Accessing an enriched musicological prosopography through JazzCats

Author

Nurmikko-Fuller, T, Bangert, D, Abdul-Rahman, A, Nurmikko-Fuller, T, Bangert, D, and Abdul-Rahman, A

Abstract

JazzCats (Jazz Collection of Aggregated Triples) is a prototype project which uses Linked Open Data (LOD) to support musicological, historical, and prosopographical analyses. It has increased access to (and the openness of) data published online through a twofold process: firstly, information hitherto unavailable to users has been shared and incorporated into the project, and secondly, data previously locked in non-Open types (e.g. PDF) has been published in a machine-readable format, increasing discoverability in the context of the wider Web. Connections between datasets that could only be identified through a human user engaging separately with each existing project have now been made explicit, and the resulting aggregated data is queryable from a single user-interface (UI).

Published
2017

27. Pathogen-Host Associations and Predicted Range Shifts of Human Monkeypox in Response to Climate Change in Central Africa

Author

Thomassen, HA, Fuller, T, Asefi-Najafabady, S, Shiplacoff, JAG, Mulembakani, PM, Blumberg, S, Johnston, SC, Kisalu, NK, Kinkela, TL, Fair, JN, Wolfe, ND, Shongo, RL, LeBreton, M, Meyer, H, Wright, LL, Muyembe, JJ, Buermann, W, Okitolonda, E, Hensley, LE, Lloyd-Smith, JO, Smith, TB, Rimoin, AW, and Khudyakov, Yury E

Subjects
Atmospheric Science, Viral Diseases, Spatial Epidemiology, Epidemiology, Population Modeling, lcsh:Medicine, Global Health, Social and Behavioral Sciences, Trees, Nature and Society Interactions, Disease Mapping, Theoretical, Global Change Ecology, Models, Emerging Viral Diseases, Zoonoses, ddc:550, Spatial and Landscape Ecology, Monkeypox virus, Macroecology, lcsh:Science, Climatology, Ecology, Geography, Zoonotic Diseases, Sciuridae, Animal Models, Terrestrial Environments, Infectious Diseases, Veterinary Diseases, Host-Pathogen Interactions, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Medicine, Infection, Macaque, Research Article, General Science & Technology, Climate Change, Cercopithecus, Human Geography, Microbiology, Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Model Organisms, Rare Diseases, Virology, Animals, Humans, Biology, Ecosystem, Disease Reservoirs, Population Biology, lcsh:R, Computational Biology, Monkeypox, Models, Theoretical, Climate Action, Good Health and Well Being, Earth Sciences, Veterinary Science, lcsh:Q, Infectious Disease Modeling, Viral Transmission and Infection, Ecological Environments, Climate Modeling, Smallpox
Abstract

Climate change is predicted to result in changes in the geographic ranges and local prevalence of infectious diseases, either through direct effects on the pathogen, or indirectly through range shifts in vector and reservoir species. To better understand the occurrence of monkeypox virus (MPXV), an emerging Orthopoxvirus in humans, under contemporary and future climate conditions, we used ecological niche modeling techniques in conjunction with climate and remote-sensing variables. We first created spatially explicit probability distributions of its candidate reservoir species in Africa's Congo Basin. Reservoir species distributions were subsequently used to model current and projected future distributions of human monkeypox (MPX). Results indicate that forest clearing and climate are significant driving factors of the transmission of MPX from wildlife to humans under current climate conditions. Models under contemporary climate conditions performed well, as indicated by high values for the area under the receiver operator curve (AUC), and tests on spatially randomly and non-randomly omitted test data. Future projections were made on IPCC 4(th) Assessment climate change scenarios for 2050 and 2080, ranging from more conservative to more aggressive, and representing the potential variation within which range shifts can be expected to occur. Future projections showed range shifts into regions where MPX has not been recorded previously. Increased suitability for MPX was predicted in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo. Models developed here are useful for identifying areas where environmental conditions may become more suitable for human MPX; targeting candidate reservoir species for future screening efforts; and prioritizing regions for future MPX surveillance efforts.

Published
2013
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28. Bombs: Defusing the Threat

Author

Fuller, T. C.

Subjects
Law
Abstract

Bombs: Defusing the Threat by William J. Borbidge III, Institute of Police Technology and Management, University of North Florida, Jacksonville, Florida, 1999. Bomb threats and actual bombings are on the [...]

Published
2001

29. Avian influenza surveillance in Central and West Africa, 2010–2014

Author

FULLER, T. L., primary, DUCATEZ, M. F., additional, NJABO, K. Y., additional, COUACY-HYMANN, E., additional, CHASAR, A., additional, APLOGAN, G. L., additional, LAO, S., additional, AWOUME, F., additional, TÉHOU, A., additional, LANGEOIS, Q., additional, KRAUSS, S., additional, and SMITH, T. B., additional

Published
2014
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30. Staging lymphadenectomy in patients with localized high risk prostate cancer: comparison of the laparoendoscopic single site (LESS) technique with conventional multiport laparoscopy

Author

Friedersdorff, Frank, primary, Aghdassi, Seven Johannes, additional, Magheli, Ahmed, additional, Richter, Maximilian, additional, Stephan, Carsten, additional, Busch, Jonas, additional, Boehmer, Dirk, additional, Miller, Kurt, additional, and Fuller, T Florian, additional

Published
2014
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31. Relationship Status, Health, and Health Behavior: An Examination of Cohabiters and Commuters

Author

Fuller, T. D. and Fuller, T. D.

Abstract

A large amount of literature on relationship status, health, and health behavior indicates that marriage conveys health benefits. This literature, however, devotes relatively little attention to two theoretically interesting groups: unmarried cohabiters and married people who do not live with their spouse ("commuters"). The author hypothesizes that the health and health behaviors of these two groups will be intermediate between those of married people and unattached single individuals. Selective support is found for the hypothesis that the health behaviors of commuters are intermediate between those of married people and single people, but no support is found for the hypothesis that the health status of commuters is intermediate between that of married people and single people. Contrary to expectation, cohabiting persons tend to have poorer health status and health behavior than both their married and single counterparts. Also, while much previous research indicates that the health benefits of marriage are greater for men than women, the author finds that lacking a live-in partner (i.e., commuting or being single) appears to be more detrimental for women than men.

Published
2010

32. Volume matters: CT-based renal cortex volume measurement in the evaluation of living kidney donors

Author

Halleck, Fabian, primary, Diederichs, Gerd, additional, Koehlitz, Torsten, additional, Slowinski, Torsten, additional, Engelken, Florian, additional, Liefeldt, Lutz, additional, Friedersdorff, Frank, additional, Fuller, T. Florian, additional, Magheli, Ahmed, additional, Neumayer, Hans-H., additional, Budde, Klemens, additional, and Waiser, Johannes, additional

Published
2013
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36. Biodiversity conservation planning tools: Present status and challenges for the future

Author

Sarkar, S., Pressey, R.L., Faith, D.P., Margules, C.R., Fuller, T., Stoms, D.M., Moffett, A., Wilson, K.A., Williams, K.J., Williams, P.H., Andelman, S., Sarkar, S., Pressey, R.L., Faith, D.P., Margules, C.R., Fuller, T., Stoms, D.M., Moffett, A., Wilson, K.A., Williams, K.J., Williams, P.H., and Andelman, S.

Abstract

Species extinctions and the deterioration of other biodiversity features worldwide have led to the adoption of systematic conservation planning in many regions of the world. As a consequence, various software tools for conservation planning have been developed over the past twenty years. These tools implement algorithms designed to identify conservation area networks for the representation and persistence of biodiversity features. Budgetary, ethical, and other sociopolitical constraints dictate that the prioritized sites represent biodiversity with minimum impact on human interests. Planning tools are typically also used to satisfy these criteria. This chapter reviews both the concepts and technical choices that underlie the development of these tools. Conservation planning problems can be formulated as optimization problems, and we evaluate the suitability of different algorithms for their solution. Finally, we also review some key issues associated with the use of these tools, such as computational efficiency, the effectiveness of taxa and abiotic parameters at choosing surrogates for biodiversity, the process of setting explicit targets of representation for biodiversity surrogates, and biodiversity surrogates, conservation area networks, multicriteria analysis, reserve selection, software packages dealing with multiple criteria. The review concludes by identifying areas for future research, including the scheduling of conservation action over extensive time periods and incorporating data about site vulnerability. Copyright © 2006 by Annual Reviews. All rights reserved.

Published
2006

38. Inhibition of 20-HETE synthesis and action protects the kidney from ischemia/reperfusion injury

Author

Hoff, Uwe, primary, Lukitsch, Ivo, additional, Chaykovska, Lyubov, additional, Ladwig, Mechthild, additional, Arnold, Cosima, additional, Manthati, Vijay L., additional, Fuller, T. Florian, additional, Schneider, Wolfgang, additional, Gollasch, Maik, additional, Muller, Dominik N., additional, Flemming, Bert, additional, Seeliger, Erdmann, additional, Luft, Friedrich C., additional, Falck, John R., additional, Dragun, Duska, additional, and Schunck, Wolf-Hagen, additional

Published
2011
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42. An unusually large debris flow at Hummingbird Creek, Mara Lake, British Columbia

Author

Jakob, M, Anderson, D, Fuller, T, Hungr, O, Ayotte, Dana, Jakob, M, Anderson, D, Fuller, T, Hungr, O, and Ayotte, Dana

Abstract

On 11 July 1997 a very large debris flow occurred at Hummingbird Creek, Mara Lake, British Columbia. Long-term antecedent precipitation was record breaking, whereas short-term precipitation at Salmon Arm did not exceed the 2 year return period for intensity. A 25 000 m3 debris avalanche was initiated downstream of a forest road culvert, which drained a small catchment that had been artificially increased by a factor of three. The debris avalanche entered the channel of Hummingbird Creek and triggered a debris flow. Velocities were back-calculated using the forced vortex equation and multiplied by the cross-sectional area to obtain peak discharge estimates that ranged from 600 to 1000 m3/s. Approximately 92 000 m3 of sediment was deposited during this event, which makes it the largest nonvolcanic debris flow recorded in British Columbia to date. A three-dimensional runout model was used to simulate this event. Results are in fair agreement with the observed behaviour. This study emphasizes the need to care..., Le 11 juillet 1997, une énorme coulée de débris s’est produite dans le Hummingbird Creek à Mara Lake en Colombie Britannique. La quantité de précipitation à long terme antérieure à la coulée fut exceptionnelle, alors que la précipitation à Salmon Arm n’a pas dépassé l’intensité de précipitation correspondant à une période de récurrence de deux ans. Une avalanche de débris de 25 000 m3 a été déclenchée en aval d’un ponceau de chemin forestier qui drainait un petit bassin versant qui avait été agrandi artificiellement par un facteur trois. L’avalanche de débris entra dans le canal de Hummingbird Creek et provoqua la coulée de débris. Les vélocités de la coulée ont été calculées à rebours par l’équation de vortex forcé et multipliées par la surface de la section en travers du ruisseau afin d’obtenir des estimations des débits de pic qui ont varié de 600 m3 /s à 1 000 m3 /s. Environ 92 000 m3 de sédiments furent déposés par la coulée, ce qui en fait la coulée non v

Published
2000

43. Avian influenza surveillance in Central and West Africa, 2010–2014.

Author

Stärk, Katharina D.C., Morgan, Dilys, FULLER, T. L., DUCATEZ, M. F., NJABO, K. Y., COUACY-HYMANN, E., CHASAR, A., APLOGAN, G. L., LAO, S., AWOUME, F., TÉHOU, A., LANGEOIS, Q., KRAUSS, S., and SMITH, T. B.

Abstract

Avian influenza virus (AIV) is an important zoonotic pathogen, resulting in global human morbidity and mortality and substantial economic losses to the poultry industry. Poultry and wild birds have transmitted AIV to humans, most frequently subtypes H5 and H7, but also different strains and subtypes of H6, H9, and H10. Determining which birds are AIV reservoirs can help identify human populations that have a high risk of infection with these viruses due to occupational or recreational exposure to the reservoir species. To assess the prevalence of AIV in tropical birds, from 2010 to 2014, we sampled 40 099 birds at 32 sites in Central Africa (Cameroon, Central African Republic, Congo-Brazzaville, Gabon) and West Africa (Benin, Côte d'Ivoire, Togo). In Central Africa, detection rates by real-time RT–PCR were 16·6% in songbirds (eight passerine families, n = 1257), 16·4% in kingfishers (family Alcedinidae, n = 73), 8·2% in ducks (family Anatidae, n = 564), and 3·65% in chickens (family Phasianidae, n = 1042). Public health authorities should educate human cohorts that have high exposure to these bird populations about AIV and assess their adherence to biosecurity practices, including Cameroonian farmers who raise small backyard flocks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2015
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45. Wallrock alteration as an exploration tool for turbidite-hosted gold deposits. Examples from Victoria, Australia.

Author

Bierlein F.P., The fourth biennial SGA meeting Turku, Finland 11-Aug-9713-Aug-97, Arne D.C., Besanko J., Fuller T., Stuwe K., Bierlein F.P., The fourth biennial SGA meeting Turku, Finland 11-Aug-9713-Aug-97, Arne D.C., Besanko J., Fuller T., and Stuwe K.

Abstract

Studies in the Palaeozoic Lachlan Fold Belt in Victoria have shown that alteration around many slate belt-hosted gold deposits is more widespread and pervasive than previously thought. Investigations strongly support the viability of studying hydrothermal alteration as a guide to mineralisation and as an indicator of the character of the solutions associated with ore deposits. The auriferous reef structures are characteristically surrounded by broad bleached zones, while disseminations of carbonate spots, pyrite and arsenopyrite porphyroblasts are the most obvious features of alteration. Sericitisation and carbonatisation are commonly discernible within 3 to 20 m-wide haloes. Wallrock alteration chemistry of turbidite-hosted gold deposits shows consistent enrichments of K2O, CO2, S and As, and the anomalous values of these elements also provide the most useful dispersion haloes for turbidite-hosted gold exploration due to their regularity and extent., Studies in the Palaeozoic Lachlan Fold Belt in Victoria have shown that alteration around many slate belt-hosted gold deposits is more widespread and pervasive than previously thought. Investigations strongly support the viability of studying hydrothermal alteration as a guide to mineralisation and as an indicator of the character of the solutions associated with ore deposits. The auriferous reef structures are characteristically surrounded by broad bleached zones, while disseminations of carbonate spots, pyrite and arsenopyrite porphyroblasts are the most obvious features of alteration. Sericitisation and carbonatisation are commonly discernible within 3 to 20 m-wide haloes. Wallrock alteration chemistry of turbidite-hosted gold deposits shows consistent enrichments of K2O, CO2, S and As, and the anomalous values of these elements also provide the most useful dispersion haloes for turbidite-hosted gold exploration due to their regularity and extent.

Published
1997

48. Household Crowding and Family Relations in Bangkok

Author

Fuller, T. D., Edwards, J. N., Vorakitphokatorn, S., Sermsri, S., Fuller, T. D., Edwards, J. N., Vorakitphokatorn, S., and Sermsri, S.

Abstract

Cities in developing countries are growing ever larger and more dense, fostering congested household environments. Using data from Bangkok, this paper examines the effect of household crowding on multiple measures of family relations, looking at the possible ''social costs.'' The data show that objective household crowding does increase marital instability and arguments, and parent-child tensions. Subjective household crowding affects not only these three aspects of family relations, but also results in more frequent disciplining of children. These effects are largely mediated by psychological stress. The paper rejects the argument that subjective crowding is an effect, rather than a cause, of marital and family relations, and shows little difference between wives' and husbands' reactions to crowding. The consequences of household crowding, generally found to be selective and modest in North America and Europe, are stronger in Bangkok, a city with crowded conditions more typical of less developed nations.

Published
1993

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