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Here, we report remarkable oxygen evolution reaction (OER) catalytic activity of brownmillerite (BM)-type Ca2FeCoO5. The OER activity of this oxide is comparable to or beyond those of the state-of-the-art perovskite (PV)-catalyst Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.8Fe0.2O3-delta (BSCF) and a precious-metal catalyst RuO2, emphasizing the importance of the characteristic BM structure with multiple coordination environments of transition metal (TM) species. Also, Ca2FeCoO5 is clearly advantageous in terms of expense/laboriousness of the material synthesis. These facts make this oxide a promising OER catalyst used in many energy conversion technologies such as metal-air secondary batteries and hydrogen production from electrochemical/photocatalytic water splitting.

In this study using interview, the authors would disclose difficult matters in the daily life of colostomy patients and review some support contents for their QOL improvement. Five categories extracted from interviewed contents were “Unpleasant feeling for stoma", “Limits on daily life actions", “Control of evacuation", “Practice of appliance exchange" and “Burden feeling on the expense of appliance". As many patients are confused in daily life regardless of guidance before discharge, several points are considered to be important for improving QOL of the patient after colostomy. Those are open window for consultation about problems after colostomy, correct and adequate information on coping in daily life after colostomy, and meeting with another persons who have undergone colostomy. In addition, it is preferable that every support is continued until establishment of self-recognition and self-management in each patient., 本研究では,人工肛門造設術後患者の日常生活上の困難を明らかにし,QOL向上のための援助内容のあり方を検討した。インタビュー調査の結果で見出されたカテゴリーは,【ストーマに対する不快な感情】,【日常生活行動の制限】,【排便のコントロール】,【装具交換の実践】,【装具費用の負担感】の5カテゴリーであった。退院前に指導を受けていても実際の生活の中では混乱や戸惑うことが多いため,ストーマ造設術後に生じる問題や悩みを持ち込む窓口の公開や日常生活上の対処方法に関する正しい情報の提供,さらに現状を受け入れ自己管理できるようになるまで援助を継続すること,自分以外のストーマ体験者に出会える機会を身近で提供することがQOL向上のための援助として重要であることが示唆された。

The subjects and support contents for community people to have the screening test for colorectal cancer were examined in this study using questionnaires. On the intention to have screening test in future, a significant difference was found between two groups of people with and without experience of the test. The main reason of no test was unconsciousness of symptom caused by colorectal cancer. The results showed that many people have insufficient knowledge on colorectal cancer. Main roots of medical information on colorectal cancer are TV and medical institutions in recent years. Offering of sufficient knowledge on colorectal cancer and adequate approaches focused on age and sex using those roots, are needed together with any support contents for community people to have the screening test., アンケート調査に基づく本研究において,地域における大腸がん検診の課題と受診行動へのサポート内容について検討した。その結果,検診受診歴のある人は今後の受診意向が強く,検診受診歴がない人との間に有意差が認められた。また検診を受けていない理由として自覚症状がないことがあげられたことから,大腸がんに関する正しい知識を獲得していないことがわかった。 現在,大腸がんの情報を入手しているルートであるテレビや医療機関を活用し,性別や年代別に焦点をあてたアプローチを行うことや,知識や治療の理解および受診者と医療者との相互理解や信頼が深まるように,受診行動をサポートする具体的な介入の必要性が示唆された。

Focusing on policymaking under uncertainty, we analyze the monetary policy of the Bank of Japan (BOJ) in the early 1990s, when the bubble economy collapsed. Conducting stochastic simulations with a large- scale macroeconomic model of the Japanese economy, we find that the BOJ f s monetary policy at that time was essentially optimal under uncertainty about the policy multiplier. On the other hand, we also find that the BOJ's policy was not optimal under uncertainty about inflation dynamics, and that a more aggressive policy response than actually implemented would have been needed. Thus, optimal monetary policy differs greatly depending upon which type of uncertainty is emphasized. Taking into account the fact that overcoming deflation became an important issue from the latter 1990s, it is possible to argue that during the early 1990s the BOJ should have placed greater emphasis on uncertainty about inflation dynamics and implemented a more aggressive monetary policy. The result from a counterfactual simulation indicates that the inflation rate and the real growth rate would have been higher to some extent if the BOJ had implemented a more accommodative policy during the early 1990s. However, the simulation result also suggests that the effects would have been limited, and that an accommodative monetary policy itself would not have changed the overall image of the prolonged stagnation of the Japanese economy during the 1990s.

16, KJ00000043112

mRNA Biogenesis in the Nucleus and Its Export to the Cytoplasm

Evaluation of motor coordination is carried out in the rehabilitation scene at the clinical site. However, most of the conventional evaluation methods are too subjective, or rather most are insufficiently elaborate to trace the target of diachronic change. Thus, we attempted evaluation of upper extremity motor coordination utilizing an originally developed ‘Digital trace method' on 65 persons of physically unimpaired status, ages 8 to 90. In this experiment, four types of measurement were tried for both the dominant and non-dominant hand for the large and small circle, and factors of age, sex and handedness were analyzed. As a result, the trace error of the dominant hand decreased significantly compared with that of the non-dominant hand. A change in the error value of the small circle was hardly observed in the dominant hand. However, it was admitted that the error value of the large circle was significantly smaller in the non-dominant hand. Observing this when separated by age, it was found that the error at trace testing indicated a drastic decrease from childhood period to adult age. In constant, it indicated a gradual increase from the thirties. From these observations, it was found that variations in motor coordination depend on age and thus have a bearing on the use status of the dominant hand and the non-dominant hand. Operability of the dominant hand and the supplement role of the non-dominant hand are considered to be affected by such conditions.