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3. Gas and seismicity within the Istanbul seismic gap

Author

Geli L., Henry P., Grall C., Tary J.-B., Lomax A., Batsi E., Riboulot V., Cros E., Gurbuz C., Islk S.E., Sengor A.M.C., Le Pichon X., Ruffine L., Dupre S., Thomas Y., Kalafat D., Bayrakci G., Coutellier Q., Regnier T., Westbrook G., Saritas H., Cifci G., Cagatay M.N., Ozeren M.S., Gorur N., Tryon M., Bohnhoff M., Gasperini L., Klingelhoefer F., Scalabrin C., Augustin J.-M., Embriaco D., Marinaro G., Frugoni F., Monna S., Etiope G., Favali P., Becel A., Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Brest ( IFREMER ), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer ( IFREMER ), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement de géosciences de l'environnement ( CEREGE ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Collège de France ( CdF ) -Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ), Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory ( LDEO ), Columbia University [New York], University of Alberta [Edmonton], Unité de recherche Géosciences Marines (Ifremer) ( GM ), IFREMER, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes ( ISCR ), Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham [Birmingham], Dokuz Eylul University, Institute of Marine Sciences and Technology, Dokuz Eylül University, Istanbul Technical University, GeoForschungsZentrum - Helmholtz-Zentrum Potsdam ( GFZ ), Istituto di Science Marine - ISMAR (Italy), Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris ( IPGP ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -IPG PARIS-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Université de la Réunion ( UR ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Brest (IFREMER Centre de Bretagne), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO), University of Alberta, Collège de France (CdF (institution)), Unité de recherche Géosciences Marines (Ifremer) (GM), Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences [Birmingham], Dokuz Eylül Üniversitesi = Dokuz Eylül University [Izmir] (DEÜ), GeoForschungsZentrum - Helmholtz-Zentrum Potsdam (GFZ), Istituto di Science Marine (ISMAR ), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia - Sezione di Roma (INGV), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), EU [036851], MARSITE Integrated Project [308417], CNR, Ifremer, CNRS [MA201301A], Institut Carnot Ifremer-Edrome [06/11/2013], Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer - Brest (IFREMER), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géosciences Marines (GM), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and ANR-16-CE03-0010,MAREGAMI2016,Caractérisation de la lacune sismique dans la région d'Istanbul(2016)

Subjects
[SDU.STU.TE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Tectonics, architecture, north anatolian fault, central basin, sea, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Science, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, [ SDU.STU ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, [ SDU.STU.TE ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Tectonics, trough, izmit earthquake, Article, [ SDU.STU.GP ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], main marmara fault, evolution, turkey, Medicine, NORTH ANATOLIAN FAULT, MAIN MARMARA FAULT, IZMIT EARTHQUAKE, CENTRAL BASIN, SEA, EVOLUTION, ARCHITECTURE, TURKEY, TROUGH, ZONE, zone, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience; Understanding micro-seismicity is a critical question for earthquake hazard assessment. Since the devastating earthquakes of Izmit and Duzce in 1999, the seismicity along the submerged section of North Anatolian Fault within the Sea of Marmara (comprising the "Istanbul seismic gap") has been extensively studied in order to infer its mechanical behaviour (creeping vs locked). So far, the seismicity has been interpreted only in terms of being tectonic-driven, although the Main Marmara Fault (MMF) is known to strike across multiple hydrocarbon gas sources. Here, we show that a large number of the aftershocks that followed the M 5.1 earthquake of July, 25th 2011 in the western Sea of Marmara, occurred within a zone of gas overpressuring in the 1.5-5 km depth range, from where pressurized gas is expected to migrate along the MMF, up to the surface sediment layers. Hence, gas-related processes should also be considered for a complete interpretation of the micro-seismicity (similar to M < 3) within the Istanbul offshore domain.

Published
2018

4. Gas and seismicity within the Istanbul seismic gap

Author

Geli, Louis, Henry, P., Grall, Celine, Tary, Jean-baptiste, Lomax, A., Batsi, Evangelia, Riboulot, Vincent, Cros, Estelle, Gurbuz, C., Isik, S. E., Sengor, A. M. C., Le Pichon, X., Ruffine, Livio, Dupre, Stephanie, Thomas, Yannick, Kalafat, D., Bayrakci, G., Coutellier, Q., Regnier, Thibaut, Westbrook, Graham, Saritas, H., Cifci, G., Cagatay, M. N., Ozeren, M. S., Gorur, N., Tryon, M., Bohnhoff, M., Gasperini, L., Klingelhoefer, Frauke, Scalabrin, Carla, Augustin, Jean-marie, Embriaco, D., Marinaro, G., Frugoni, F., Monna, S., Etiope, G., Favali, P., Becel, A., Geli, Louis, Henry, P., Grall, Celine, Tary, Jean-baptiste, Lomax, A., Batsi, Evangelia, Riboulot, Vincent, Cros, Estelle, Gurbuz, C., Isik, S. E., Sengor, A. M. C., Le Pichon, X., Ruffine, Livio, Dupre, Stephanie, Thomas, Yannick, Kalafat, D., Bayrakci, G., Coutellier, Q., Regnier, Thibaut, Westbrook, Graham, Saritas, H., Cifci, G., Cagatay, M. N., Ozeren, M. S., Gorur, N., Tryon, M., Bohnhoff, M., Gasperini, L., Klingelhoefer, Frauke, Scalabrin, Carla, Augustin, Jean-marie, Embriaco, D., Marinaro, G., Frugoni, F., Monna, S., Etiope, G., Favali, P., and Becel, A.

Abstract

Understanding micro-seismicity is a critical question for earthquake hazard assessment. Since the devastating earthquakes of Izmit and Duzce in 1999, the seismicity along the submerged section of North Anatolian Fault within the Sea of Marmara (comprising the “Istanbul seismic gap”) has been extensively studied in order to infer its mechanical behaviour (creeping vs locked). So far, the seismicity has been interpreted only in terms of being tectonic-driven, although the Main Marmara Fault (MMF) is known to strike across multiple hydrocarbon gas sources. Here, we show that a large number of the aftershocks that followed the M 5.1 earthquake of July, 25th 2011 in the western Sea of Marmara, occurred within a zone of gas overpressuring in the 1.5–5 km depth range, from where pressurized gas is expected to migrate along the MMF, up to the surface sediment layers. Hence, gas-related processes should also be considered for a complete interpretation of the micro-seismicity (~M < 3) within the Istanbul offshore domain.

Published
2018
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5. Gas and seismicity within the Istanbul seismic gap

Author

Géli, L., Henry, P., Grall, C., Tary, J.-B., Lomax, A., Batsi, E., Riboulot, V., Cros, E., Gürbüz, C., Işık, S. E., Sengör, A. M. C., Le Pichon, X., Ruffine, L., Dupré, S., Thomas, Y., Kalafat, D., Bayrakci, G., Coutellier, Q., Regnier, T., Westbrook, G., Saritas, H., Çifçi, G., Çağatay, M. N., Özeren, M. S., Görür, N., Tryon, M., Bohnhoff, M., Gasperini, L., Klingelhoefer, F., Scalabrin, C., Augustin, J.-M., Embriaco, D., Marinaro, G., Frugoni, F., Monna, S., Etiope, G., Favali, P., Bécel, A., Géli, L., Henry, P., Grall, C., Tary, J.-B., Lomax, A., Batsi, E., Riboulot, V., Cros, E., Gürbüz, C., Işık, S. E., Sengör, A. M. C., Le Pichon, X., Ruffine, L., Dupré, S., Thomas, Y., Kalafat, D., Bayrakci, G., Coutellier, Q., Regnier, T., Westbrook, G., Saritas, H., Çifçi, G., Çağatay, M. N., Özeren, M. S., Görür, N., Tryon, M., Bohnhoff, M., Gasperini, L., Klingelhoefer, F., Scalabrin, C., Augustin, J.-M., Embriaco, D., Marinaro, G., Frugoni, F., Monna, S., Etiope, G., Favali, P., and Bécel, A.

Abstract

Understanding micro-seismicity is a critical question for earthquake hazard assessment. Since the devastating earthquakes of Izmit and Duzce in 1999, the seismicity along the submerged section of North Anatolian Fault within the Sea of Marmara (comprising the “Istanbul seismic gap”) has been extensively studied in order to infer its mechanical behaviour (creeping vs locked). So far, the seismicity has been interpreted only in terms of being tectonic-driven, although the Main Marmara Fault (MMF) is known to strike across multiple hydrocarbon gas sources. Here, we show that a large number of the aftershocks that followed the M 5.1 earthquake of July, 25th 2011 in the western Sea of Marmara, occurred within a zone of gas overpressuring in the 1.5–5 km depth range, from where pressurized gas is expected to migrate along the MMF, up to the surface sediment layers. Hence, gas-related processes should also be considered for a complete interpretation of the micro-seismicity (~M < 3) within the Istanbul offshore domain.

Published
2018

6. Monitoring of gas and seismic energy release by multiparametric benthic observatory along the North Anatolian Fault in the Sea of Marmara (NW Turkey)

Author

Embriaco, D., Marinaro, G., Frugoni, F., Monna, S., Etiope, G., Gasperini, L., Polonia, A., Del Bianco, F., Cagatay, M. N., Ulgen, U. B., Favali, P., Embriaco, D., Marinaro, G., Frugoni, F., Monna, S., Etiope, G., Gasperini, L., Polonia, A., Del Bianco, F., Cagatay, M. N., Ulgen, U. B., and Favali, P.

Abstract

Episodic gas seepage occurs at the seafloor in the Gulf of Izmit (Sea of Marmara, NW Turkey) along the submerged segment of the North Anatolian Fault (NAF), which ruptured during the 1999 Mw7.4 Izmit earthquake, and caused tectonic loading of the fault segment in front of the Istanbul metropolitan area. In order to study gas seepage and seismic energy release along the NAF, a multiparametric benthic observatory (SN-4) was deployed in the gulf at the western end of the 1999 Izmit earthquake rupture, and operated for about 1 yr at 166 m water depth. The SN-4 payload included a three-component broad-band seismometer, as well as gas and oceanographic sensors. We analysed data collected continuously for 161 d in the first part of the experiment, from 2009 October to 2010 March. The main objective of our work was to verify whether tectonic deformation along the NAF could trigger methane seepage. For this reason, we considered only local seismicity, that is, within 100 km from the station. No significant (ML ≥ 3.6) local earthquakes occurred during this period; on the other hand, the seismometer recorded high-frequency SDEs (short duration events), which are not related to seismicity but to abrupt increases of dissolved methane concentration in the sea water that we called MPEs (methane peak events). Acquisition of current velocity, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, temperature and salinity, allowed us to analyse the local oceanographic setting during each event, and correlate SDEs to episodic gas discharges from the seabed. We noted that MPEs are the result of such gas releases, but are detected only under favourable oceanographic conditions. This stresses the importance of collecting long-term multiparametric time-series to address complex phenomena such as gas and seismic energy release at the seafloor. Results from the SN-4 experiment in the Sea of Marmara suggest that neither low-magnitude local seismicity, nor regional events affect intensity and frequency of gas flows fr

Published
2014
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7. Single-frame multiparameter platforms for seafloor geophysical and environmental observations: projects and missions from GEOSTAR to ORION

Author

Favali, P., Beranzoli, L., Calcara, M., D'Anna, G., Etiope, G., Frugoni, F., Lo Bue, N., Marinaro, G., Monna, S., Montuori, C., Sgroi, T., Gasparoni, F., Cenedese, S., Furla, F., Ferentinos, G., Papatheodorou, G., Christodolou, D., Blandin, J., Marvaldi, J., Rolin, J.-F., Clauss, G., Gerber, H., Coudeville, J.-M., Nicot, M., Flueh, Ernst R., Gamberi, F., Marani, M. P., Neri, G., Favali, P., Beranzoli, L., Calcara, M., D'Anna, G., Etiope, G., Frugoni, F., Lo Bue, N., Marinaro, G., Monna, S., Montuori, C., Sgroi, T., Gasparoni, F., Cenedese, S., Furla, F., Ferentinos, G., Papatheodorou, G., Christodolou, D., Blandin, J., Marvaldi, J., Rolin, J.-F., Clauss, G., Gerber, H., Coudeville, J.-M., Nicot, M., Flueh, Ernst R., Gamberi, F., Marani, M. P., and Neri, G.

Abstract

The paper presents an overview of recent seafloor long-term single-frame multiparameter platform developed in the framework of the European Commission and Italian projects starting from the GEOSTAR prototype. The main features of the different systems are described as well as the sea missions that led to their validation. The ORION seafloor observatory network recently developed, based on the GEOSTAR-type platforms and engaged in a deep-sea mission at 3300 m w.d. in the Mediterranean Sea, is also described.

Published
2004
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8. Ocean Bottom Seismometers Deployed in Tyrrhenian Sea

Author

Dahm, T., Thorwart, M., Flueh, Ernst R., Braun, T., Herber, R., Favial, P., Beranzoli, L., D'Anna, G., Frugoni, F., Smirglio, G., Dahm, T., Thorwart, M., Flueh, Ernst R., Braun, T., Herber, R., Favial, P., Beranzoli, L., D'Anna, G., Frugoni, F., and Smirglio, G.

Published
2002
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9. Single-frame multiparameter platforms for seafloor geophysical and environmental observations: projects and missons from GEOSTAR to ORION

Author

Beranzoli, L., Favali, P., Smirglio, G., Calcara, M., Dánna, G., Etiope, G., Frugoni, F., Lo Bue, N., Marinaro, G., Monna, S., Monturi, C., Sgroi, T., Gasperoni, F., Cenedese, S., Furlan, F., Ferentinos, G., Papatheodorou, G., Christodolou, D., Blandin, J., Marvaldi, J., Rolin, J.-F., Clauss, G., Gerber, H., Coudeville, J.-M., Nicot, M. J., Flueh, Ernst R., Gamberi, F., Marani, M. P., Neri, G., Beranzoli, L., Favali, P., Smirglio, G., Calcara, M., Dánna, G., Etiope, G., Frugoni, F., Lo Bue, N., Marinaro, G., Monna, S., Monturi, C., Sgroi, T., Gasperoni, F., Cenedese, S., Furlan, F., Ferentinos, G., Papatheodorou, G., Christodolou, D., Blandin, J., Marvaldi, J., Rolin, J.-F., Clauss, G., Gerber, H., Coudeville, J.-M., Nicot, M. J., Flueh, Ernst R., Gamberi, F., Marani, M. P., and Neri, G.

Abstract

The paper presents an overview of recent seafloor long-term single-frame multiparameter platform developed in the framework of the European Commission and Italian projects starting from the GEOSTAR prototype. The main features of the different systems are described as well as the sea missions that led to their validation. The ORION seafloor observatory network recently developed, based on the GEOSTAR-type platforms and engaged in a deep-sea mission at 3300 m w.d. in the Mediterranean Sea, is also described

Published
2002
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10. Ocean bottom seismometers deployed in Tyrrhenian Sea

Author

Dahm, Torsten, primary, Thorwart, M., additional, Flueh, E. R., additional, Braun, Th., additional, Herber, R., additional, Favali, P., additional, Beranzoli, L., additional, D'Anna, G., additional, Frugoni, F., additional, and Smriglio, G., additional

Published
2002
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11. NEMO-SN1 Abyssal Cabled Observatory in the Western Ionian Sea

Author

Favali, P.a, Chierici, F.a, Marinaro, G.a, Giovanetti, Azzarone, A.a, Beranzoli, L.a, De Santis, Embriaco, D.a, Monna, S.a, Lo Bue, N.a, Sgroi, T.a, Cianchini, Badiali, Qamili, E.a, De Caro, M.G.a, Falcone, Montuori, C.a, Frugoni, Riccobene, G.b, Sedita, M.b, Barbagallo, Cacopardo, Cali, C.b, Cocimano, R.b, Coniglione, Costa, D'Amico, A.b, Del Tevere, F.b, Distefano, Ferrera, Giordano, V.b, Imbesi, Lattuada, D.b, Migneco, E.b, Musumeci, Orlando, Papaleo, Piattelli, P.b, Raia, Rovelli, Sapienza, Speziale, Trovato, Viola, S.b, Ameli, F.F.c, Bonori, M.c, Capone, A.c, Masullo, R.c, Simeone, F.c, Pignagnoli, L.d, Zitellini, N.d, Bruni, F.e, Gasparoni, Pavan, G.f, Favali, P, Chierici, F, Marinaro, G, Giovanetti, G, Azzarone, A, Beranzoli, L, De Santis, A, Embriaco, D, Monna, S, Lo Bue, N, Sgroi, T, Cianchini, G, Badiali, L, Qamili, E, De Caro, Mg, Falcone, G, Montuori, C, Frugoni, F, Riccobene, G, Sedita, M, Barbagallo, G, Cacopardo, G, Cali, C, Cocimano, R, Coniglione, R, Costa, M, D'Amico, A, Del Tevere, F, Distefano, C, Ferrera, F, Giordano, V, Imbesi, M, Lattuada, D, Migneco, E, Musumeci, M, Orlando, A, Papaleo, R, Piattelli, P, Raia, G, Rovelli, A, Sapienza, P, Speziale, F, Trovato, A, Viola, S, Ameli, F, Bonori, M, Capone, A, Masullo, R, Simeone, F, Pignagnoli, L, Zitellini, N, Bruni, F, Gasparoni, F, and Pavan, G

Subjects
Meteorology, bioacoustics, geohazards, kilometre-cube underwater neutrino telescope (km3net), european multidisciplinary seafloor observatory (emso), neutrino mediterranean observatory—submarine network 1 (nemo-sn1) cabled observatory, high-energy astrophysics, Technological interoperability, Interoperability, Ambient noise level, Observatories, Cabled observatories, Climate change, Ocean Engineering, Underwater neutrino telescopes, Astrophysics, Geo-hazards, Cables, Submarines, Mediterranean sea, Observatory, Data communication systems, Marine ecosystem, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Underwater, Buildings, Real time data transmission, Mammals, Neutrons, Mechanical Engineering, Hazards, Research, Research infrastructure, Geomagnetism, KM3NeT, Oceanography, Scientific objectives, Seafloor observatories, Bioacoustics, Geology, Telescopes
Abstract

The NEutrino Mediterranean Observatory-Submarine Network 1 (NEMO-SN1) seafloor observatory is located in the central Mediterranean Sea, Western Ionian Sea, off Eastern Sicily (Southern Italy) at 2100-m water depth, 25 km from the harbor of the city of Catania. It is a prototype of a cabled deep-sea multiparameter observatory and the first one operating with real-time data transmission in Europe since 2005. NEMO-SN1 is also the first-established node of the European Multidisciplinary Seafloor Observatory (EMSO), one of the incoming European large-scale research infrastructures included in the Roadmap of the European Strategy Forum on Research Infrastructures (ESFRI) since 2006. EMSO will specifically address long-term monitoring of environmental processes related to marine ecosystems, climate change, and geohazards. NEMO-SN1 has been deployed and developed over the last decade thanks to Italian funding and to the European Commission (EC) project European Seas Observatory NETwork-Network of Excellence (ESONET-NoE, 2007-2011) that funded the Listening to the Deep Ocean-Demonstration Mission (LIDO-DM) and a technological interoperability test (http://www.esonet-emso.org). NEMO-SN1 is performing geophysical and environmental long-term monitoring by acquiring seismological, geomagnetic, gravimetric, accelerometric, physico-oceanographic, hydroacoustic, and bioacoustic measurements. Scientific objectives include studying seismic signals, tsunami generation and warnings, its hydroacoustic precursors, and ambient noise characterization in terms of marine mammal sounds, environmental and anthropogenic sources. NEMO-SN1 is also an important test site for the construction of the Kilometre-Cube Underwater Neutrino Telescope (KM3NeT), another large-scale research infrastructure included in the ESFRI Roadmap based on a large volume neutrino telescope. The description of the observatory and its most recent implementations is presented. On June 9, 2012, NEMO-SN1 was successfully deployed and is working in real time. © 1976-2012 IEEE.

Published
2013

12. Next-Generation Sequencing Reveals Restriction and Clonotypic Expansion of Treg Cells in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis.

Author

Henderson LA, Volpi S, Frugoni F, Janssen E, Kim S, Sundel RP, Dedeoglu F, Lo MS, Hazen MM, Beth Son M, Mathieu R, Zurakowski D, Yu N, Lebedeva T, Fuhlbrigge RC, Walter JE, Nee Lee Y, Nigrovic PA, and Notarangelo LD

Subjects
Adolescent, Arthritis, Juvenile blood, Cells, Cultured, Child, Child, Preschool, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Synovial Fluid cytology, T-Lymphocyte Subsets physiology, Arthritis, Juvenile immunology, T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory physiology
Abstract

Objective: Treg cell-mediated suppression of Teff cells is impaired in juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA); however, the basis for this dysfunction is incompletely understood. Animal models of autoimmunity and immunodeficiency demonstrate that a diverse Treg cell repertoire is essential to maintain Treg cell function. The present study was undertaken to investigate the Treg and Teff cell repertoires in JIA., Methods: Treg cells (CD4+CD25+CD127(low) ) and Teff cells (CD4+CD25-) were isolated from peripheral blood and synovial fluid obtained from JIA patients, healthy controls, and children with Lyme arthritis. Treg cell function was measured in suppressive assays. The T cell receptor β chain (TRB) was amplified by multiplex polymerase chain reaction and next-generation sequencing was performed, with amplicons sequenced using an Illumina HiSeq platform. Data were analyzed using ImmunoSEQ, International ImMunoGeneTics system, and the Immunoglobulin Analysis Tools., Results: Compared to findings in controls, the JIA peripheral blood Treg cell repertoire was restricted, and clonotypic expansions were found in both blood and synovial fluid Treg cells. Skewed usage and pairing of TRB variable and joining genes, including overuse of gene segments that have been associated with other autoimmune conditions, was observed. JIA patients shared a substantial portion of synovial fluid Treg cell clonotypes that were private to JIA and not identified in Lyme arthritis., Conclusion: We identified restriction and clonotypic expansions in the JIA Treg cell repertoire with sharing of Treg cell clonotypes across patients. These findings suggest that abnormalities in the Treg cell repertoire, possibly engendered by shared antigenic triggers, may contribute to disease pathogenesis in JIA., (© 2016, American College of Rheumatology.)

Published
2016
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13. B cell-intrinsic deficiency of the Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASp) causes severe abnormalities of the peripheral B-cell compartment in mice.

Author

Recher M, Burns SO, de la Fuente MA, Volpi S, Dahlberg C, Walter JE, Moffitt K, Mathew D, Honke N, Lang PA, Patrizi L, Falet H, Keszei M, Mizui M, Csizmadia E, Candotti F, Nadeau K, Bouma G, Delmonte OM, Frugoni F, Fomin AB, Buchbinder D, Lundequist EM, Massaad MJ, Tsokos GC, Hartwig J, Manis J, Terhorst C, Geha RS, Snapper S, Lang KS, Malley R, Westerberg L, Thrasher AJ, and Notarangelo LD

Subjects
Animals, Autoantibodies blood, Autoantibodies immunology, Autoantigens immunology, Cell Count, Disease Models, Animal, Flow Cytometry, Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Mice, Knockout, Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein deficiency, Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein genetics, B-Lymphocytes cytology, B-Lymphocytes immunology, Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome Protein immunology
Abstract

Wiskott Aldrich syndrome (WAS) is caused by mutations in the WAS gene that encodes for a protein (WASp) involved in cytoskeleton organization in hematopoietic cells. Several distinctive abnormalities of T, B, and natural killer lymphocytes; dendritic cells; and phagocytes have been found in WASp-deficient patients and mice; however, the in vivo consequence of WASp deficiency within individual blood cell lineages has not been definitively evaluated. By conditional gene deletion we have generated mice with selective deficiency of WASp in the B-cell lineage (B/WcKO mice). We show that this is sufficient to cause a severe reduction of marginal zone B cells and inability to respond to type II T-independent Ags, thereby recapitulating phenotypic features of complete WASp deficiency. In addition, B/WcKO mice showed prominent signs of B-cell dysregulation, as indicated by an increase in serum IgM levels, expansion of germinal center B cells and plasma cells, and elevated autoantibody production. These findings are accompanied by hyperproliferation of WASp-deficient follicular and germinal center B cells in heterozygous B/WcKO mice in vivo and excessive differentiation of WASp-deficient B cells into class-switched plasmablasts in vitro, suggesting that WASp-dependent B cell-intrinsic mechanisms critically contribute to WAS-associated autoimmunity.

Published
2012
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