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Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is one of the most prevalent skeletal deformities, primarily due to the incompatibility between the acetabulum and femoral head. It includes complete dislocation, partial dislocation, instability with femoral head subluxation, and a range of imaging abnormalities that reflect inadequate acetabular formation. Known risk factors for DDH include positive family history, sex, premature birth, non‐cephalic delivery, oligohydramnios, gestational diabetes mellitus, maternal hypertension, associated anomalies, swaddling clothes, intrauterine space restriction, and post‐term pregnancy. Various research designs have been employed in DDH studies to identify relevant genes, including candidate gene association studies (CGAS), genome‐wide association studies (GWAS), restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), and whole exome sequencing (WES). To date, multiple DDH‐associated genes have been identified in various populations. Despite extensive research into the epidemiology, risk factors, and genes associated with DDH, its pathogenesis remains unclear. This study provides a comprehensive summary of DDH research designs and evidence for relevant gene mutations through a PubMed search. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we demonstrated that two-dimensional (2D) MXene materials ([Ti.sub.3][C.sub.2]) were creatively introduced into the thermal catalysis fields of high energy density salts dihydroxylammonium 5,5'-bistetrazole-1,1'-diolate (TKX-50) and [Ti.sub.3][C.sub.2] MXene materials play a significant catalytic role in the thermal decomposition of TKX-50. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy were used to characterize the morphology and structure of the [Ti.sub.3][C.sub.2] MXene nanosheets. Differential scanning calorimetry was used to evaluate the thermal decomposition properties of pure TKX-50 with and without 2D [Ti.sub.3][C.sub.2] added. The results showed that with adding 5 wt% MXene, the peak temperature of TKX-50 was reduced from 250.5 to 233.3 [degrees]C, which is a reduction of 17.2 [degrees]C. The reaction heat release increased from 2197 to 2907 J [g.sup.-1], which is an increase of 710 J [g.sup.-1]. The [E.sub.a] was decreased by 44.8 kJ [mol.sup.-1], from 220.0 to 175.2 kJ [mol.sup.-1]. Moreover, a synergistic catalytic mechanism for the thermal decomposition of TKX-50 was proposed. Key words: [Ti.sub.3][C.sub.2] MXene, TKX-50, decomposition, catalysis, thermal analysis. Dans le cadre de la présente étude, nous avons démontré que les matériaux 2D de type MXène ([Ti.sub.3][C.sub.2]) peuvent être introduits de façon créative dans les domaines de la catalyse thermique de sels à haute densité énergétique, à savoir le 5,5'-bistétrazole-1, 1'-diolate de dihydroxylammonium (TKX-50), et que le MXène [Ti.sub.3][C.sub.2] joue un rôle catalytique important dans la décomposition thermique du TKX-50. Nous avons utilisé la microscopie électronique à balayage, la diffraction des rayons X et la microscopie électronique en transmission pour caractériser la morphologie et la structure des nanofeuillets du MXène [Ti.sub.3][C.sub.2]. Nous avons utilisé la calorimétrie différentielle à balayage (DSC, differential scanning calorimetry) pour évaluer les propriétés de décomposition thermique du TKX-50 pur, avec et sans ajout du matériau 2D [Ti.sub.3][C.sub.2]. Les résultats ont montré qu'avec l'ajout de MXène à 5 % p/p, latempératuredecrête duTKX-50aété réduitede17,2 [degrees]C, passantde250,5à233,3 [degrees]C. Laréactiondedégagement de chaleur s'est amplifiée de 710 J [g.sup.-1], passant de 2197 à 2907 J [g.sup.-1], et l'[E.sub.a] a diminué de 44,8 kJ [mol.sup.-1], passant de 220,0 à 175,2 kJ [mol.sup.-1]. De plus, nous proposons un mécanisme de catalyse synergique pour la décomposition thermique du TKX-50. [Traduit par la Rédaction] Mots-clés : MXène [Ti.sub.3][C.sub.2], TKX-50, décomposition, catalyse, analyse thermique., Introduction Two-dimensional (2D) materials such as grapheme, (1,2) transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDCs), (3) carbon nitride ([C.sub.3][N.sub.4]), (4-6) and hexagonal boron nitride (7) have received a lot of attention in many [...]

As coal ore and other resources are continuously mined, a three-zone structure is formed underground consisting of a sagging zone, fault zone, and caving zone. The use of well-logging data to identify the three zones is important for production safety and environmental management. Owing to the scarcity of data that can reflect three zones in normal coal mining, conventional identification and prediction methods face challenges when extracting data features, incurring a degree of uncertainty within prediction results. Accordingly, the accurate identification of the three zones has become a critical objective in daily production. To address this issue, we developed a method called a method called backpropagation neural networks with Dempster–Shafer (DS) evidence theory. Initially, we preprocessed the training data and deployed two backpropagation neural networks (BPNNs) to predict the three zones according to two parameters. According to these prediction results, the local and global credibility of each prediction is calculated and used to obtain the basic probability assignment function required for the DS evidence theory. Finally, the DS evidence theory is used to fuse the two BPNNs prediction results, thereby producing the final prediction results. The proposed method was demonstrated to improve prediction accuracy by 6.4% compared to a conventional neural network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to study the complex erosion–corrosion mechanism of friction stud welded joints in seawater, experiments were carried out in the mixed solution of 3 wt% sea sand and 3.5% NaCl at flow rates of 0 m/s, 0.2 m/s, 0.4 m/s, and 0.6 m/s. The effects of corrosion and erosion–corrosion at different flow rates on materials were compared. The corrosion resistance of X65 friction stud welded joint was studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and potentiodynamic polarization (PDP) curves. The corrosion morphology was observed by a scanning electron microscope (SEM), and the corrosion products were analyzed by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results showed that the corrosion current density decreased first and then increased with the increase in the simulated seawater flow rate, which indicated that the corrosion resistance of the friction stud welded joint increased first and then decreased. The corrosion products are FeOOH (α-FeOOH and γ-FeOOH), and Fe3O4. According to the experimental results, the erosion–corrosion mechanism of friction stud welded joints in seawater environment was predicted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we demonstrated that two-dimensional (2D) MXene materials (Ti3C2) were creatively introduced into the thermal catalysis fields of high energy density salts dihydroxylammonium 5,5′-bistetrazole-1,1′-diolate (TKX-50) and Ti3C2 MXene materials play a significant catalytic role in the thermal decomposition of TKX-50. Scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy were used to characterize the morphology and structure of the Ti3C2 MXene nanosheets. Differential scanning calorimetry was used to evaluate the thermal decomposition properties of pure TKX-50 with and without 2D Ti3C2 added. The results showed that with adding 5 wt% MXene, the peak temperature of TKX-50 was reduced from 250.5 to 233.3 °C, which is a reduction of 17.2 °C. The reaction heat release increased from 2197 to 2907 J g−1, which is an increase of 710 J g−1. The Ea was decreased by 44.8 kJ mol−1, from 220.0 to 175.2 kJ mol−1. Moreover, a synergistic catalytic mechanism for the thermal decomposition of TKX-50 was proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]