Search

Non-structural carbohydrates (NSCs) can reflect the balance of resource allocation and trade-offs, as well as the adaptability of plants to the environment. Alterations in environmental conditions across an elevation gradient may impact the carbon balance within leaves. Nonetheless, it remains highly uncertain whether the effect of elevation on NSCs differs among species and sexes. To reveal the response patterns of leaf NSCs in dioecious plants with elevation, Populus cathayana Rehd. and Hippophae rhamnoides L., distributed at four elevations in the subalpine region of western Sichuan, China, were selected, and female and male leaves were sampled and measured for their contents of NSCs, soluble sugar, and starch. Meanwhile, the relationships of NSCs, soluble sugar, and starch with leaf nitrogen and phosphorus were analyzed. The results showed that the elevational patterns of NSCs were mainly dependent on species and were slightly affected by sex. Leaf NSCs in both sexes of P. cathayana did not exhibit significant linear changes, whereas those in H. rhamnoides increased significantly and linearly with elevation. For P. cathayana, a significant increase in leaf starch with elevation was only found in female plants and may benefit from phosphorus deficiency, as it was significantly negatively correlated with phosphorus. However, leaf soluble sugar and starch between sexes of H. rhamnoides showed similar patterns of significant increases with elevation, and they were not correlated significantly with nitrogen and phosphorus. This might be due to H. rhamnoides, which is a nitrogen-fixing plant and thereby did not show deficiencies or limitations in nitrogen and phosphorus, as shown by the decreased or unchanged elevational patterns of nitrogen/phosphorus, starch/phosphorus, and soluble sugar/phosphorus. Overall, our results emphasize that species, rather than sex, is an important factor influencing the elevational pattern of NSCs, but for specific species, such as P. cathayana, in this study, there was a divergence in the elevational response of the allocation of starch and soluble sugar between sexes, reflecting the specific adaptive strategies of different plant species or sexes in response to changes in the growing environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the green economy, strategic emerging industries to implement Class II green technological innovation keep critical to obtain competitive advantages. The government regulation could effectively make up for the shortcomings of the negative externalities of green technological innovation. In order to further explore the impact of government regulation on Class I, II and III green technological innovation of strategic emerging industries, this article utilizes the strategic emerging industries as the main experimental subject. Through constructing a tripartite evolutionary game model of strategic emerging industries, the government and consumers, it reveals the process of the three-party discretionary selection in the process of green technology innovation, and acquires equilibrium strategies of the tripartite in the process of green technological innovation.

The digital transformation of manufacturing industry accelerates the collaborative innovation of multi-agent value co-creation, which makes the influence of subject heterogeneity on the innovation performance in digital innovation become a focus issue in both theory and practice. This paper builds a conceptual model of subject heterogeneity in digital collaborative innovation influence on the innovation performance from target heterogeneity, knowledge heterogeneity and organization heterogeneity three dimensions, which based on the perspective of the behavior subjects in manufacturing digital innovation of value co-creation. Then we deeply explore the influence mechanism between the heterogeneous cooperative innovation behavior of heterogeneous value subject and the innovation performance in digital innovation. The research results are helpful to realize higher quality digital cooperation among manufacturing enterprises, promote the coordinated development of digital value chain, and improve the digital innovation performance.

Soil greenhouse gas (GHG) fluxes relate to soil carbon and nitrogen budgets and have a significant impact on climate change. Nevertheless, the temporal variation and magnitude of the fluxes of all three major GHGs (CO2, CH4 and N2O) and their influencing factors have not been elucidated clearly in primary forests on the eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Herein, field chamber GHG fluxes from May to November, soil microbial community and enzyme activity were analyzed in a fir-dominated (Abies fargesii var. faxoniana) primary forest. The emission rates of CO2 and N2O ranged between 64.69–243.22 mg CO2 m−2 h−1 and 1.69–5.46 ug N2O m−2 h−1, exhibiting a temporally unimodal pattern with a peak in July. The soil acted as a CH4 sink, and the uptake rate varied between 52.96 and 84.67 μg CH4 m−2 h−1 with the higher uptake rates in June and November. The temporal variation in the CO2 flux was significantly correlated with the geometric mean of enzyme activities, suggesting that the soil CO2 flux was determined by microbial activity rather than soil microbial biomass. The soil N2O flux was positively related to nitrate concentration with marginal significance, probably because N2O was a byproduct of nitrification and denitrification processes. The soil CH4 uptake was closely associated with methanotrophic biomass (18:1ω7c). The results highlight divergent temporal dynamics of GHG fluxes owing to different driving mechanisms and an important CH4 sink in the primary forest soil, helping to evaluate the carbon and nitrogen budgets of primary forests on the eastern Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]