Search

An in-line electron hologram of an individual f1.K phage was recorded with a purpose-built low energy electron point source (LEEPS) microscope. Cryo-microscopic methods were employed to prepare the specimen so that a single phage could be presented to the coherent low energy electrons: An aqueous phage suspension was applied to a thin carbon membrane with micro-machined slits. The membrane was rapidly cooled to freeze the remaining water as an amorphous ice sheet, which was then sublimated at low temperatures and pressures to leave individual free-standing phages suspended across slits. An image of a phage particle, depicted as the amplitude of the object wave, was reconstructed numerically from a digitized record of the hologram, obtained using 88eV coherent electrons. The reconstructed image shows a single phage suspended across a slit in a supporting carbon membrane, magnified by a factor of 100,000. The width and shape in the reconstructed image compared well with a TEM image of the same filament. It is thus possible to record and reconstruct electron holograms of an individual phage. The challenge now is to improve the resolution of reconstructed images obtained by this method and to extend these structural studies to other biological molecules

Hintergrund: Laut österreichischer FH-Ausbildungsverordnung haben angehende Biomedizinische AnalytikerInnen, ErgotherapeutInnen, Hebammen und PhysiotherapeutInnen am Ende der Ausbildung u.a. sozialkommunikative und Selbstkompetenzen (SSK) nachzuweisen. Zur Förderung dieser Kompetenzen [ref:1],[zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL], Gemeinsame Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft für Medizinische Ausbildung (GMA) und des Arbeitskreises zur Weiterentwicklung der Lehre in der Zahnmedizin (AKWLZ)

Background Strongylus vulgaris has become a rare parasite in Germany during the past 50 years due to the practice of frequent prophylactic anthelmintic therapy. To date, the emerging development of resistance in Cyathostominae and Parascaris spp. to numerous equine anthelmintics has changed deworming management and the frequency of anthelmintic usage. In this regard, reliable detection of parasitic infections, especially of the highly pathogenic S. vulgaris is essential. In the current study, two diagnostic methods for the detection of infections with S. vulgaris were compared and information on the occurrence of this parasite in German horses was gained. For this purpose, faecal samples of 501 horses were screened for S. vulgaris with real-time PCR and an additional larval culture was performed in samples of 278 horses. A subset of 26 horses underwent multiple follow-up examinations with both methods in order to evaluate both the persistence of S. vulgaris infections and the reproducibility of each diagnostic method. Results The real-time PCR revealed S. vulgaris-DNA in ten of 501 investigated equine samples (1.9%). The larval culture demonstrated larvae of S. vulgaris in three of the 278 samples (1.1%). A direct comparison of the two methods was possible in 321 samples including 43 follow-up examinations with the result of 11 S. vulgaris-positive samples by real-time PCR and 4 S. vulgaris-positive samples by larval culture. The McNemar’s test (p-value = 0.016) revealed a significant difference and the kappa values (0.525) showed a moderate agreement between real-time PCR and larval culture. Conclusions The real-time PCR detected a significantly higher proportion of positives of S. vulgaris compared to larval culture and should thus be considered as a routine diagnostic method for the detection of S. vulgaris in equine samples.

In coherent diffractive imaging (CDI) the resolution of the reconstructed object is limited by the numerical aperture of the experimental setup. We present here a theoretical and numerical study for achieving super-resolution by post-extrapolation of coherent diffraction images, such as diffraction patterns or holograms. We demonstrate that a diffraction pattern can unambiguously be extrapolated from only a fraction of the entire pattern and that the ratio of the extrapolated signal to the originally available signal is linearly proportional to the oversampling ratio. While there could be in principle other methods to achieve extrapolation, we devote our discussion to employing iterative phase retrieval methods and demonstrate their limits. We present two numerical studies; namely the extrapolation of diffraction patterns of non-binary and that of phase objects together with a discussion of the optimal extrapolation procedure.

AIMS: The ESC-HF Pilot survey was aimed to describe clinical epidemiology and 1-year outcomes of outpatients and inpatients with heart failure (HF). The pilot phase was also specifically aimed at validating structure, performance, and quality of the data set for continuing the survey into a permanent Registry.METHODS: The ESC-HF Pilot study is a prospective, multicentre, observational survey conducted in 136 Cardiology Centres in 12 European countries selected to represent the different health systems across Europe. All outpatients with HF and patients admitted for acute HF on 1 day per week for eight consecutive months were included. From October 2009 to May 2010, 5118 patients were included: 1892 (37%) admitted for acute HF and 3226 (63%) patients with chronic HF. The all-cause mortality rate at 1 year was 17.4% in acute HF and 7.2% in chronic stable HF. One-year hospitalization rates were 43.9% and 31.9%, respectively, in hospitalized acute and chronic HF patients. Major regional differences in 1-year mortality were observed that could be explained by differences in characteristics and treatment of the patients.CONCLUSION: The ESC-HF Pilot survey confirmed that acute HF is still associated with a very poor medium-term prognosis, while the widespread adoption of evidence-based treatments in patients with chronic HF seems to have improved their outcome profile. Differences across countries may be due to different local medical practice as well to differences in healthcare systems. This pilot study also offered the opportunity to refine the organizational structure for a long-term extended European network.

AimsThe ESC-HF Pilot survey was aimed to describe clinical epidemiology and 1-year outcomes of outpatients and inpatients with heart failure (HF). The pilot phase was also specifically aimed at validating structure, performance, and quality of the data set for continuing the survey into a permanent Registry.MethodsThe ESC-HF Pilot study is a prospective, multicentre, observational survey conducted in 136 Cardiology Centres in 12 European countries selected to represent the different health systems across Europe. All outpatients with HF and patients admitted for acute HF on 1 day per week for eight consecutive months were included. From October 2009 to May 2010, 5118 patients were included: 1892 (37%) admitted for acute HF and 3226 (63%) patients with chronic HF. The all-cause mortality rate at 1 year was 17.4% in acute HF and 7.2% in chronic stable HF. One-year hospitalization rates were 43.9% and 31.9%, respectively, in hospitalized acute and chronic HF patients. Major regional differences in 1-year mortality were observed that could be explained by differences in characteristics and treatment of the patients.ConclusionThe ESC-HF Pilot survey confirmed that acute HF is still associated with a very poor medium-term prognosis, while the widespread adoption of evidence-based treatments in patients with chronic HF seems to have improved their outcome profile. Differences across countries may be due to different local medical practice as well to differences in healthcare systems. This pilot study also offered the opportunity to refine the organizational structure for a long-term extended European network. © 2013 The Author.

Für AbsolventInnen von Gesundheitsstudiengängen ist neben der Vermittlung von explizitem Wissen die Entwicklung von Reflexionsfähigkeit ein wesentlicher Baustein für die berufliche Handlungskompetenz. Eigene Lernprozesse bewusst zu erkennen sowie Haltungen, Einstellungen und Werte[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL], Jahrestagung der Gesellschaft für Medizinische Ausbildung (GMA)

Fractional Brownian motion (fBm) can be introduced by a moving average representation driven by standard Brownian motion, which is an affine Markov process. Motivated by this we aim at results analogous to those achieved in recent years for affine models. Using a simple prediction formula for the conditional expectation of a fBm and its Gaussianity, we calculate the conditional characteristic functions of fBm and related processes, including important examples like fractional Ornstein-Uhlenbeck- or Cox-Ingersoll-Ross processes. As an application we propose a fractional Vasicek bond market model and compare prices of zero coupon bonds to those achieved in the classical Vasicek case.