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1. Observing glacier elevation changes from spaceborne optical and radar sensors – an inter-comparison experiment using ASTER and TanDEM-X data

Author

L. Piermattei, M. Zemp, C. Sommer, F. Brun, M. H. Braun, L. M. Andreassen, J. M. C. Belart, E. Berthier, A. Bhattacharya, L. Boehm Vock, T. Bolch, A. Dehecq, I. Dussaillant, D. Falaschi, C. Florentine, D. Floricioiu, C. Ginzler, G. Guillet, R. Hugonnet, M. Huss, A. Kääb, O. King, C. Klug, F. Knuth, L. Krieger, J. La Frenierre, R. McNabb, C. McNeil, R. Prinz, L. Sass, T. Seehaus, D. Shean, D. Treichler, A. Wendt, and R. Yang

Subjects
Environmental sciences, GE1-350, Geology, QE1-996.5
Abstract

Observations of glacier mass changes are key to understanding the response of glaciers to climate change and related impacts, such as regional runoff, ecosystem changes, and global sea level rise. Spaceborne optical and radar sensors make it possible to quantify glacier elevation changes, and thus multi-annual mass changes, on a regional and global scale. However, estimates from a growing number of studies show a wide range of results with differences often beyond uncertainty bounds. Here, we present the outcome of a community-based inter-comparison experiment using spaceborne optical stereo (ASTER) and synthetic aperture radar interferometry (TanDEM-X) data to estimate elevation changes for defined glaciers and target periods that pose different assessment challenges. Using provided or self-processed digital elevation models (DEMs) for five test sites, 12 research groups provided a total of 97 spaceborne elevation-change datasets using various processing approaches. Validation with airborne data showed that using an ensemble estimate is promising to reduce random errors from different instruments and processing methods but still requires a more comprehensive investigation and correction of systematic errors. We found that scene selection, DEM processing, and co-registration have the biggest impact on the results. Other processing steps, such as treating spatial data voids, differences in survey periods, or radar penetration, can still be important for individual cases. Future research should focus on testing different implementations of individual processing steps (e.g. co-registration) and addressing issues related to temporal corrections, radar penetration, glacier area changes, and density conversion. Finally, there is a clear need for our community to develop best practices, use open, reproducible software, and assess overall uncertainty to enhance inter-comparison and empower physical process insights across glacier elevation-change studies.

Published
2024
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2. Mapping and characterization of avalanches on mountain glaciers with Sentinel-1 satellite imagery

Author

M. Kneib, A. Dehecq, F. Brun, F. Karbou, L. Charrier, S. Leinss, P. Wagnon, and F. Maussion

Subjects
Environmental sciences, GE1-350, Geology, QE1-996.5
Abstract

Avalanches are important contributors to the mass balance of glaciers located in mountain ranges with steep topographies. Avalanches result in localized over-accumulation that is seldom accounted for in glacier models due to the difficulty of quantifying this contribution, let alone the occurrence of avalanches in these remote regions. Here, we developed an approach to semi-automatically map avalanche deposits over long time periods and at scales of multiple glaciers, utilizing imagery from Sentinel-1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR). This approach performs particularly well for scenes acquired in winter and in the morning but can also be used to identify avalanche events throughout the year. We applied this method to map 16 302 avalanche deposits over a period of 5 years at a 6 to 12 d interval over the Mt Blanc massif (European Alps), the Everest (central Himalaya) region, and the Hispar (Karakoram) region. These three survey areas are all characterized by steep mountain slopes but also present contrasting climatic characteristics. Our results enable the identification of avalanche hotspots on these glaciers and allow us to quantify the avalanche activity and its spatio-temporal variability across the three regions. The avalanche deposits are preferentially located at lower elevations relative to the hypsometry of the glacierized catchments and are also constrained to a smaller elevation range at the Asian sites, where they have a limited influence on their extensive debris-covered tongues. Avalanche events coincide with solid precipitation events, which explains the high avalanche activity in winter in the Mt Blanc massif and during the monsoon in the Everest region. However, there is also a time lag of 1–2 months, visible especially in the Everest region, between the precipitation and avalanche events, indicative of some snow retention on the mountain headwalls. This study therefore provides critical insights into these mass redistribution processes and tools to account for their influence on glacier mass balance.

Published
2024
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3. A novel numerical implementation for the surface energy budget of melting snowpacks and glaciers

Author

K. Fourteau, J. Brondex, F. Brun, and M. Dumont

Subjects
Geology, QE1-996.5
Abstract

The surface energy budget drives the melt of the snow cover and glacier ice and its computation is thus of crucial importance in numerical models. This surface energy budget is the result of various surface energy fluxes, which depend on the input meteorological variables and surface temperature; of heat conduction towards the interior of the snow/ice; and potentially of surface melting if the melt temperature is reached. The surface temperature and melt rate of a snowpack or ice are thus driven by coupled processes. In addition, these energy fluxes are non-linear with respect to the surface temperature, making their numerical treatment challenging. To handle this complexity, some of the current numerical models tend to rely on a sequential treatment of the involved physical processes, in which surface fluxes, heat conduction, and melting are treated with some degree of decoupling. Similarly, some models do not explicitly define a surface temperature and rather use the temperature of the internal point closest to the surface instead. While these kinds of approaches simplify the implementation and increase the modularity of models, they can also introduce several problems, such as instabilities and mesh sensitivity. Here, we present a numerical methodology to treat the surface and internal energy budgets of snowpacks and glaciers in a tightly coupled manner, including potential surface melting when the melt temperature is reached. Specific care is provided to ensure that the proposed numerical scheme is as fast and robust as classical numerical treatment of the surface energy budget. Comparisons based on simple test cases show that the proposed methodology yields smaller errors for almost all time steps and mesh sizes considered and does not suffer from numerical instabilities, contrary to some classical treatments.

Published
2024
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4. Recent ground thermo-hydrological changes in a southern Tibetan endorheic catchment and implications for lake level changes

Author

L. C. P. Martin, S. Westermann, M. Magni, F. Brun, J. Fiddes, Y. Lei, P. Kraaijenbrink, T. Mathys, M. Langer, S. Allen, and W. W. Immerzeel

Subjects
Technology, Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering, TD1-1066, Geography. Anthropology. Recreation, Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Abstract

Climate change modifies the water and energy fluxes between the atmosphere and the surface in mountainous regions such as the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP), which has shown substantial hydrological changes over the last decades, including rapid lake level variations. The ground across the QTP hosts either permafrost or is seasonally frozen, and, in this environment, the ground thermal regime influences liquid water availability, evaporation and runoff. Consequently, climate-induced changes in the ground thermal regime may contribute to variations in lake levels, but the validity of this hypothesis has yet to be established. This study focuses on the cryo-hydrology of the catchment of Lake Paiku (southern Tibet) for the 1980–2019 period. We process ERA5 data with downscaling and clustering tools (TopoSCALE, TopoSUB) to account for the spatial variability of the climate in our forcing data (Fiddes and Gruber, 2012, 2014). We use a distributed setup of the CryoGrid community model (version 1.0) to quantify thermo-hydrological changes in the ground during this period. Forcing data and simulation outputs are validated with data from a weather station, surface temperature loggers and observations of lake level variations. Our lake budget reconstruction shows that the main water input to the lake is direct precipitation (310 mm yr−1), followed by glacier runoff (280 mm yr−1) and land runoff (180 mm yr−1). However, altogether these components do not offset evaporation (860 mm yr−1). Our results show that both seasonal frozen ground and permafrost have warmed (0.17 ∘C per decade 2 m deep), increasing the availability of liquid water in the ground and the duration of seasonal thaw. Correlations with annual values suggest that both phenomena promote evaporation and runoff. Yet, ground warming drives a strong increase in subsurface runoff so that the runoff/(evaporation + runoff) ratio increases over time. This increase likely contributed to stabilizing the lake level decrease after 2010. Summer evaporation is an important energy sink, and we find active-layer deepening only where evaporation is limited. The presence of permafrost is found to promote evaporation at the expense of runoff, consistently with recent studies suggesting that a shallow active layer maintains higher water contents close to the surface. However, this relationship seems to be climate dependent, and we show that a colder and wetter climate produces the opposite effect. Although the present study was performed at the catchment scale, we suggest that this ambivalent influence of permafrost may help to understand the contrasting lake level variations observed between the south and north of the QTP, opening new perspectives for future investigations.

Published
2023
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5. Very-high-energy γ-Ray Emission from Young Massive Star Clusters in the Large Magellanic Cloud

Author

F. Aharonian, F. Ait Benkhali, J. Aschersleben, H. Ashkar, M. Backes, V. Barbosa Martins, R. Batzofin, Y. Becherini, D. Berge, K. Bernlöhr, M. Böttcher, J. Bolmont, M. de Bony de Lavergne, J. Borowska, R. Brose, A. Brown, F. Brun, B. Bruno, C. Burger-Scheidlin, S. Casanova, J. Celic, M. Cerruti, T. Chand, S. Chandra, A. Chen, J. Chibueze, O. Chibueze, G. Cotter, P. Cristofari, J. Devin, A. Djannati-Ataï, J. Djuvsland, A. Dmytriiev, K. Egberts, S. Einecke, K. Feijen, M. Filipovic, G. Fontaine, S. Funk, S. Gabici, Y. A. Gallant, J. F. Glicenstein, J. Glombitza, G. Grolleron, L. Haerer, B. Heß, J. A. Hinton, W. Hofmann, T. L. Holch, D. Horns, Zhiqiu Huang, M. Jamrozy, F. Jankowsky, I. Jung-Richardt, E. Kasai, K. Katarzyński, R. Khatoon, B. Khélifi, W. Kluźniak, Nu. Komin, K. Kosack, D. Kostunin, A. Kundu, R. G. Lang, S. Le Stum, A. Lemière, M. Lemoine-Goumard, J.-P. Lenain, F. Leuschner, J. Mackey, V. Marandon, G. Martí-Devesa, R. Marx, A. Mehta, A. Mitchell, R. Moderski, M. O. Moghadam, L. Mohrmann, A. Montanari, E. Moulin, M. de Naurois, J. Niemiec, S. Ohm, L. Olivera-Nieto, E. de Ona Wilhelmi, M. Ostrowski, S. Panny, U. Pensec, G. Peron, G. Pühlhofer, A. Quirrenbach, S. Ravikularaman, M. Regeard, A. Reimer, O. Reimer, H. Ren, M. Renaud, B. Reville, F. Rieger, G. Rowell, B. Rudak, E. Ruiz-Velasco, K. Sabri, V. Sahakian, H. Salzmann, A. Santangelo, M. Sasaki, J. Schäfer, F. Schüssler, H. M. Schutte, H. Sol, S. Spencer, Ł. Stawarz, S. Steinmassl, C. Steppa, K. Streil, I. Sushch, A. M. Taylor, R. Terrier, M. Tsirou, N. Tsuji, C. van Eldik, M. Vecchi, C. Venter, J. Vink, S. J. Wagner, R. White, A. Wierzcholska, M. Zacharias, A. A. Zdziarski, A. Zech, N. Żywucka, and H.E.S.S. Collaboration

Subjects
Young star clusters, Massive stars, Large Magellanic Cloud, Gamma-ray astronomy, Astrophysics, QB460-466
Abstract

The Tarantula Nebula in the Large Magellanic Cloud is known for its high star formation activity. At its center lies the young massive star cluster R136, providing a significant amount of the energy that makes the nebula shine so brightly at many wavelengths. Recently, young massive star clusters have been suggested to also efficiently produce very high-energy cosmic rays, potentially beyond PeV energies. Here, we report the detection of very-high-energy γ -ray emission from the direction of R136 with the High Energy Stereoscopic System, achieved through a multicomponent, likelihood-based modeling of the data. This supports the hypothesis that R136 is indeed a very powerful cosmic-ray accelerator. Moreover, from the same analysis, we provide an updated measurement of the γ -ray emission from 30 Dor C, the only superbubble detected at TeV energies presently. The γ -ray luminosity above 0.5 TeV of both sources is (2–3) × 10 ^35 erg s ^−1 . This exceeds by more than a factor of 2 the luminosity of HESS J1646−458, which is associated with the most massive young star cluster in the Milky Way, Westerlund 1. Furthermore, the γ -ray emission from each source is extended with a significance of >3 σ and a Gaussian width of about 30 pc. For 30 Dor C, a connection between the γ -ray emission and the nonthermal X-ray emission appears likely. Different interpretations of the γ -ray signal from R136 are discussed.

Published
2024
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6. Everest South Col Glacier did not thin during the period 1984–2017

Author

F. Brun, O. King, M. Réveillet, C. Amory, A. Planchot, E. Berthier, A. Dehecq, T. Bolch, K. Fourteau, J. Brondex, M. Dumont, C. Mayer, S. Leinss, R. Hugonnet, and P. Wagnon

Subjects
Environmental sciences, GE1-350, Geology, QE1-996.5
Abstract

The South Col Glacier is a small body of ice and snow (approx. 0.2 km2) located at the very high elevation of 8000 m a.s.l. (above sea level) on the southern ridge of Mt. Everest. A recent study by Potocki et al. (2022) proposed that South Col Glacier is rapidly losing mass. This is in contradiction to our comparison of two digital elevation models derived from aerial photographs taken in December 1984 and a stereo Pléiades satellite acquisition from March 2017, from which we estimate a mean elevation change of 0.01 ± 0.05 m a−1. To reconcile these results, we investigate some aspects of the surface energy and mass balance of South Col Glacier. From satellite images and a simple model of snow compaction and erosion, we show that wind erosion has a major impact on the surface mass balance due to the strong seasonality in precipitation and wind and that it cannot be neglected. Additionally, we show that the melt amount predicted by a surface energy and mass balance model is very sensitive to the model structure and implementation. Contrary to previous findings, melt is likely not a dominant ablation process on this glacier, which remains mostly snow-covered during the monsoon.

Published
2023
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7. The Vanishing of the Primary Emission Region in PKS 1510–089

Author

F. Aharonian, F. Ait Benkhali, J. Aschersleben, H. Ashkar, M. Backes, V. Barbosa Martins, J. Barnard, R. Batzofin, Y. Becherini, D. Berge, K. Bernlöhr, B. Bi, M. de Bony de Lavergne, M. Böttcher, C. Boisson, J. Bolmont, J. Borowska, M. Bouyahiaoui, F. Bradascio, M. Breuhaus, R. Brose, A. M. Brown, F. Brun, B. Bruno, T. Bulik, C. Burger-Scheidlin, S. Caroff, S. Casanova, R. Cecil, J. Celic, M. Cerruti, T. Chand, S. Chandra, A. Chen, J. Chibueze, O. Chibueze, G. Cotter, J. Damascene Mbarubucyeye, I. D. Davids, A. Djannati-Ataï, A. Dmytriiev, V. Doroshenko, K. Egberts, S. Einecke, J.-P. Ernenwein, S. Fegan, G. Fontaine, M. Füßling, S. Funk, S. Gabici, S. Ghafourizadeh, G. Giavitto, D. Glawion, J. F. Glicenstein, P. Goswami, G. Grolleron, L. Haerer, W. Hofmann, T. L. Holch, M. Holler, D. Horns, M. Jamrozy, F. Jankowsky, V. Joshi, I. Jung-Richardt, E. Kasai, K. Katarzyński, R. Khatoon, B. Khélifi, W. Kluźniak, Nu. Komin, K. Kosack, D. Kostunin, R. G. Lang, S. Le Stum, F. Leitl, A. Lemière, J.-P. Lenain, F. Leuschner, A. Luashvili, J. Mackey, V. Marandon, P. Marchegiani, G. Martí-Devesa, R. Marx, A. Mehta, M. Meyer, A. Mitchell, R. Moderski, L. Mohrmann, A. Montanari, E. Moulin, M. de Naurois, J. Niemiec, A. Priyana Noel, P. O’Brien, S. Ohm, L. Olivera-Nieto, E. de Ona Wilhelmi, M. Ostrowski, S. Panny, M. Panter, G. Peron, D. A. Prokhorov, G. Pühlhofer, M. Punch, A. Quirrenbach, P. Reichherzer, A. Reimer, O. Reimer, H. Ren, F. Rieger, G. Rowell, B. Rudak, H. Rueda Ricarte, E. Ruiz-Velasco, V. Sahakian, H. Salzmann, D. A. Sanchez, A. Santangelo, M. Sasaki, F. Schüssler, H. M. Schutte, U. Schwanke, J. N. S. Shapopi, H. Sol, A. Specovius, S. Spencer, Ł. Stawarz, R. Steenkamp, S. Steinmassl, C. Steppa, I. Sushch, H. Suzuki, T. Takahashi, T. Tanaka, R. Terrier, N. Tsuji, C. van Eldik, B. van Soelen, M. Vecchi, J. Veh, J. Vink, T. Wach, S. J. Wagner, A. Wierzcholska, M. Zacharias, D. Zargaryan, A. A. Zdziarski, A. Zech, S. Zouari, N. Żywucka, D. A. H. Buckley, J. Cooper, D. Groenewald, and H.E.S.S. Collaboration

Subjects
Blazars, Relativistic jets, Non-thermal radiation sources, Flat-spectrum radio quasars, Gamma-ray sources, Spectropolarimetry, Astrophysics, QB460-466
Abstract

In 2021 July, PKS 1510−089 exhibited a significant flux drop in the high-energy γ -ray (by a factor 10) and optical (by a factor 5) bands and remained in this low state throughout 2022. Similarly, the optical polarization in the source vanished, resulting in the optical spectrum being fully explained through the steady flux of the accretion disk and the broad-line region. Unlike the aforementioned bands, the very-high-energy γ -ray and X-ray fluxes did not exhibit a significant flux drop from year to year. This suggests that the steady-state very-high-energy γ -ray and X-ray fluxes originate from a different emission region than the vanished parts of the high-energy γ -ray and optical jet fluxes. The latter component has disappeared through either a swing of the jet away from the line of sight or a significant drop in the photon production efficiency of the jet close to the black hole. Either change could become visible in high-resolution radio images.

Published
2023
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8. Constraints on the Intergalactic Magnetic Field Using Fermi-LAT and H.E.S.S. Blazar Observations

Author

F. Aharonian, J. Aschersleben, M. Backes, V. Barbosa Martins, R. Batzofin, Y. Becherini, D. Berge, B. Bi, M. Bouyahiaoui, M. Breuhaus, R. Brose, F. Brun, B. Bruno, T. Bulik, C. Burger-Scheidlin, T. Bylund, S. Caroff, S. Casanova, J. Celic, M. Cerruti, T. Chand, S. Chandra, A. Chen, J. Chibueze, O. Chibueze, G. Cotter, M. de Bony, K. Egberts, J.-P. Ernenwein, G. Fichet de Clairfontaine, M. Filipovic, G. Fontaine, M. Füssling, S. Funk, S. Gabici, S. Ghafourizadeh, G. Giavitto, D. Glawion, J. F. Glicenstein, P. Goswami, M.-H. Grondin, L. Haerer, T. L. Holch, M. Holler, D. Horns, M. Jamrozy, F. Jankowsky, V. Joshi, I. Jung-Richardt, E. Kasai, K. Katarzyński, R. Khatoon, B. Khélifi, W. Kluźniak, Nu. Komin, K. Kosack, D. Kostunin, R. G. Lang, S. Le Stum, F. Leitl, A. Lemière, J.-P. Lenain, F. Leuschner, T. Lohse, A. Luashvili, I. Lypova, J. Mackey, D. Malyshev, V. Marandon, P. Marchegiani, A. Marcowith, G. Martí-Devesa, R. Marx, M. Meyer, A. Mitchell, R. Moderski, L. Mohrmann, A. Montanari, E. Moulin, J. Muller, T. Murach, K. Nakashima, J. Niemiec, S. Ohm, L. Olivera-Nieto, E. de Ona Wilhelmi, S. Panny, M. Panter, R. D. Parsons, G. Peron, D. A. Prokhorov, H. Prokoph, G. Pühlhofer, M. Punch, A. Quirrenbach, P. Reichherzer, A. Reimer, O. Reimer, B. Reville, F. Rieger, G. Rowell, B. Rudak, E. Ruiz-Velasco, V. Sahakian, D. A. Sanchez, M. Sasaki, F. Schüssler, H. M. Schutte, U. Schwanke, J. N. S. Shapopi, H. Sol, S. Spencer, S. Steinmassl, H. Suzuki, T. Takahashi, T. Tanaka, A. M. Taylor, R. Terrier, C. Thorpe-Morgan, M. Tsirou, N. Tsuji, Y. Uchiyama, C. van Eldik, J. Veh, C. Venter, S. J. Wagner, R. White, A. Wierzcholska, Yu Wun Wong, M. Zacharias, D. Zargaryan, A. A. Zdziarski, S. Zouari, N. Żywucka, H.E.S.S. Collaboration, and Fermi-LAT Collaboration

Subjects
Active galaxies, High energy astrophysics, Extragalactic magnetic fields, Astrophysics, QB460-466
Abstract

Magnetic fields in galaxies and galaxy clusters are believed to be the result of the amplification of intergalactic seed fields during the formation of large-scale structures in the universe. However, the origin, strength, and morphology of this intergalactic magnetic field (IGMF) remain unknown. Lower limits on (or indirect detection of) the IGMF can be obtained from observations of high-energy gamma rays from distant blazars. Gamma rays interact with the extragalactic background light to produce electron−positron pairs, which can subsequently initiate electromagnetic cascades. The gamma-ray signature of the cascade depends on the IGMF since it deflects the pairs. Here we report on a new search for this cascade emission using a combined data set from the Fermi Large Area Telescope and the High Energy Stereoscopic System. Using state-of-the-art Monte Carlo predictions for the cascade signal, our results place a lower limit on the IGMF of B > 7.1 × 10 ^−16 G for a coherence length of 1 Mpc even when blazar duty cycles as short as 10 yr are assumed. This improves on previous lower limits by a factor of 2. For longer duty cycles of 10 ^4 (10 ^7 ) yr, IGMF strengths below 1.8 × 10 ^−14 G (3.9 × 10 ^−14 G) are excluded, which rules out specific models for IGMF generation in the early universe.

Published
2023
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9. H.E.S.S. Follow-up Observations of GRB 221009A

Author

F. Aharonian, F. Ait Benkhali, J. Aschersleben, H. Ashkar, M. Backes, A. Baktash, V. Barbosa Martins, R. Batzofin, Y. Becherini, D. Berge, K. Bernlöhr, B. Bi, M. Böttcher, C. Boisson, J. Bolmont, M. de Bony de Lavergne, J. Borowska, M. Bouyahiaoui, F. Bradascio, M. Breuhaus, R. Brose, F. Brun, B. Bruno, T. Bulik, C. Burger-Scheidlin, S. Caroff, S. Casanova, J. Celic, M. Cerruti, T. Chand, S. Chandra, A. Chen, J. Chibueze, O. Chibueze, G. Cotter, S. Dai, J. Damascene Mbarubucyeye, J. Devin, A. Djannati-Ataï, A. Dmytriiev, V. Doroshenko, K. Egberts, S. Einecke, J.-P. Ernenwein, S. Fegan, G. Fichet de Clairfontaine, M. Filipovic, G. Fontaine, M. Füßling, S. Funk, S. Gabici, S. Ghafourizadeh, G. Giavitto, D. Glawion, J. F. Glicenstein, P. Goswami, G. Grolleron, M.-H. Grondin, J. A. Hinton, T. L. Holch, M. Holler, D. Horns, Zhiqiu Huang, M. Jamrozy, F. Jankowsky, V. Joshi, I. Jung-Richardt, E. Kasai, K. Katarzyński, R. Khatoon, B. Khélifi, W. Kluźniak, Nu. Komin, R. Konno, K. Kosack, D. Kostunin, R. G. Lang, S. Le Stum, F. Leitl, A. Lemière, M. Lemoine-Goumard, J.-P. Lenain, F. Leuschner, T. Lohse, I. Lypova, J. Mackey, D. Malyshev, V. Marandon, P. Marchegiani, A. Marcowith, G. Martí-Devesa, R. Marx, M. Meyer, A. Mitchell, L. Mohrmann, A. Montanari, E. Moulin, T. Murach, K. Nakashima, M. de Naurois, J. Niemiec, A. Priyana Noel, P. O’Brien, S. Ohm, L. Olivera-Nieto, E. de Ona Wilhelmi, M. Ostrowski, S. Panny, M. Panter, R. D. Parsons, G. Peron, D. A. Prokhorov, H. Prokoph, G. Pühlhofer, M. Punch, A. Quirrenbach, P. Reichherzer, A. Reimer, O. Reimer, H. Ren, M. Renaud, B. Reville, F. Rieger, G. Rowell, B. Rudak, E. Ruiz-Velasco, V. Sahakian, H. Salzmann, A. Santangelo, M. Sasaki, J. Schäfer, F. Schüssler, H. M. Schutte, U. Schwanke, J. N. S. Shapopi, A. Specovius, S. Spencer, Ł. Stawarz, R. Steenkamp, S. Steinmassl, C. Steppa, I. Sushch, H. Suzuki, T. Takahashi, T. Tanaka, R. Terrier, N. Tsuji, Y. Uchiyama, M. Vecchi, C. Venter, J. Vink, S. J. Wagner, R. White, A. Wierzcholska, Yu Wun Wong, M. Zacharias, D. Zargaryan, A. A. Zdziarski, A. Zech, S. J. Zhu, N. Żywucka, and H.E.S.S. Collaboration

Subjects
Gamma-rays, Gamma-ray bursts, Non-thermal radiation sources, High-energy cosmic radiation, Astrophysics, QB460-466
Abstract

GRB 221009A is the brightest gamma-ray burst (GRB) ever detected. To probe the very-high-energy (VHE; >100 GeV) emission, the High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) began observations 53 hr after the triggering event, when the brightness of the moonlight no longer precluded observations. We derive differential and integral upper limits using H.E.S.S. data from the third, fourth, and ninth nights after the initial GRB detection, after applying atmospheric corrections. The combined observations yield an integral energy flux upper limit of ${{\rm{\Phi }}}_{\mathrm{UL}}^{95 \% }=9.7\times {10}^{-12}\,\mathrm{erg}\,{\mathrm{cm}}^{-2}\,{{\rm{s}}}^{-1}$ above E _thr = 650 GeV. The constraints derived from the H.E.S.S. observations complement the available multiwavelength data. The radio to X-ray data are consistent with synchrotron emission from a single electron population, with the peak in the spectral energy distribution occurring above the X-ray band. Compared to the VHE-bright GRB 190829A, the upper limits for GRB 221009A imply a smaller gamma-ray to X-ray flux ratio in the afterglow. Even in the absence of a detection, the H.E.S.S. upper limits thus contribute to the multiwavelength picture of GRB 221009A, effectively ruling out an IC-dominated scenario.

Published
2023
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10. Geodetic point surface mass balances: a new approach to determine point surface mass balances on glaciers from remote sensing measurements

Author

C. Vincent, D. Cusicanqui, B. Jourdain, O. Laarman, D. Six, A. Gilbert, A. Walpersdorf, A. Rabatel, L. Piard, F. Gimbert, O. Gagliardini, V. Peyaud, L. Arnaud, E. Thibert, F. Brun, and U. Nanni

Subjects
Environmental sciences, GE1-350, Geology, QE1-996.5
Abstract

Mass balance observations are very useful to assess climate change in different regions of the world. As opposed to glacier-wide mass balances which are influenced by the dynamic response of each glacier, point mass balances provide a direct climatic signal that depends on surface accumulation and ablation only. Unfortunately, major efforts are required to conduct in situ measurements on glaciers. Here, we propose a new approach that determines point surface mass balances from remote sensing observations. We call this balance the geodetic point surface mass balance. From observations and modelling performed on the Argentière and Mer de Glace glaciers over the last decade, we show that the vertical ice flow velocity changes are small in areas of low bedrock slope. Therefore, assuming constant vertical velocities in time for such areas and provided that the vertical velocities have been measured for at least 1 year in the past, our method can be used to reconstruct annual point surface mass balances from surface elevations and horizontal velocities alone. We demonstrate that the annual point surface mass balances can be reconstructed with an accuracy of about 0.3 m of water equivalent per year (m w.e. a−1) using the vertical velocities observed over the previous years and data from unmanned aerial vehicle images. Given the recent improvements of satellite sensors, it should be possible to apply this method to high-spatial-resolution satellite images as well.

Published
2021
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11. Response of downstream lakes to Aru glacier collapses on the western Tibetan Plateau

Author

Y. Lei, T. Yao, L. Tian, Y. Sheng, Lazhu, J. Liao, H. Zhao, W. Yang, K. Yang, E. Berthier, F. Brun, Y. Gao, M. Zhu, and G. Wu

Subjects
Environmental sciences, GE1-350, Geology, QE1-996.5
Abstract

The lower parts of two glaciers in the Aru range on the western Tibetan Plateau (TP) collapsed on 17 July and 21 September 2016, respectively, causing fatal damage to local people and their livestock. The giant ice avalanches, with a total volume of 150 × 106 m3, had almost melted by September 2019 (about 30 % of the second ice avalanche remained). The impact of these extreme disasters on downstream lakes has not been investigated yet. Based on in situ observation, bathymetry survey and satellite data, we explore the impact of the ice avalanches on the two downstream lakes (i.e., Aru Co and Memar Co) in terms of lake morphology, water level and water temperature in the subsequent 4 years (2016–2019). After the first glacier collapse, the ice avalanche slid into Aru Co along with a large amount of debris, which generated great impact waves in Aru Co and significantly modified the lake's shoreline and underwater topography. An ice volume of at least 7.1 × 106 m3 was discharged into Aru Co, spread over the lake surface and considerably lowered its surface temperature by 2–4 ∘C in the first 2 weeks after the first glacier collapse. Due to the large amount of meltwater input, Memar Co exhibited more rapid expansion after the glacier collapses (2016–2019) than before (2003–2014), in particular during the warm season. The melting of ice avalanches was found to contribute to about 23 % of the increase in lake storage between 2016 and 2019. Our results indicate that the Aru glacier collapses had both short-term and long-term impacts on the downstream lakes and provide a baseline in understanding the future lake response to glacier melting on the TP under a warming climate.

Published
2021
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12. Multiwavelength Observations of the Blazar PKS 0735+178 in Spatial and Temporal Coincidence with an Astrophysical Neutrino Candidate IceCube-211208A

Author

A. Acharyya, C. B. Adams, A. Archer, P. Bangale, J. T. Bartkoske, P. Batista, W. Benbow, A. Brill, J. H. Buckley, J. L. Christiansen, A. J. Chromey, M. Errando, A. Falcone, Q. Feng, G. M. Foote, L. Fortson, A. Furniss, G. Gallagher, W. Hanlon, D. Hanna, O. Hervet, C. E. Hinrichs, J. Hoang, J. Holder, T. B. Humensky, W. Jin, P. Kaaret, M. Kertzman, M. Kherlakian, D. Kieda, T. K. Kleiner, N. Korzoun, S. Kumar, M. J. Lang, M. Lundy, G. Maier, C. E McGrath, M. J. Millard, J. Millis, C. L. Mooney, P. Moriarty, R. Mukherjee, S. O’Brien, R. A. Ong, M. Pohl, E. Pueschel, J. Quinn, K. Ragan, P. T. Reynolds, D. Ribeiro, E. Roache, I. Sadeh, A. C. Sadun, L. Saha, M. Santander, G. H. Sembroski, R. Shang, M. Splettstoesser, A. Kaushik Talluri, J. V. Tucci, V. V. Vassiliev, A. Weinstein, D. A. Williams, S. L. Wong, J. Woo, The VERITAS Collaboration, F. Aharonian, J. Aschersleben, M. Backes, V. Barbosa Martins, R. Batzofin, Y. Becherini, D. Berge, K. Bernlöhr, B. Bi, M. Böttcher, C. Boisson, J. Bolmont, M. de Bony de Lavergne, J. Borowska, M. Bouyahiaoui, F. Bradascio, M. Breuhaus, R. Brose, F. Brun, B. Bruno, T. Bulik, C. Burger-Scheidlin, S. Caroff, S. Casanova, R. Cecil, J. Celic, M. Cerruti, T. Chand, S. Chandra, A. Chen, J. Chibueze, O. Chibueze, G. Cotter, S. Dai, J. Damascene Mbarubucyeye, A. Djannati-Ataï, A. Dmytriiev, V. Doroshenko, S. Einecke, J.-P. Ernenwein, G. Fichet de Clairfontaine, M. Filipovic, G. Fontaine, M. Füßling, S. Funk, S. Gabici, S. Ghafourizadeh, G. Giavitto, D. Glawion, J. F. Glicenstein, P. Goswami, G. Grolleron, L. Haerer, J. A. Hinton, T. L. Holch, M. Holler, D. Horns, M. Jamrozy, F. Jankowsky, V. Joshi, I. Jung-Richardt, E. Kasai, K. Katarzyński, R. Khatoon, B. Khélifi, S. Klepser, W. Kluźniak, K. Kosack, D. Kostunin, R. G. Lang, S. Le Stum, A. Lemière, J.-P. Lenain, F. Leuschner, T. Lohse, A. Luashvili, I. Lypova, J. Mackey, D. Malyshev, V. Marandon, P. Marchegiani, A. Marcowith, G. Martí-Devesa, R. Marx, A. Mitchell, R. Moderski, L. Mohrmann, A. Montanari, E. Moulin, T. Murach, K. Nakashima, J. Niemiec, A. Priyana Noel, P. O’Brien, L. Olivera-Nieto, E. de Ona Wilhelmi, M. Ostrowski, S. Panny, M. Panter, G. Peron, D. A. Prokhorov, G. Pühlhofer, M. Punch, A. Quirrenbach, P. Reichherzer, A. Reimer, O. Reimer, H. Ren, M. Renaud, F. Rieger, B. Rudak, E. Ruiz-Velasco, V. Sahakian, A. Santangelo, M. Sasaki, J. Schäfer, F. Schüssler, H. M. Schutte, U. Schwanke, J. N. S. Shapopi, A. Specovius, S. Spencer, Ł. Stawarz, R. Steenkamp, S. Steinmassl, I. Sushch, H. Suzuki, T. Takahashi, T. Tanaka, R. Terrier, C. van Eldik, M. Vecchi, J. Veh, C. Venter, J. Vink, R. White, A. Wierzcholska, Yu Wun Wong, M. Zacharias, D. Zargaryan, A. A. Zdziarski, A. Zech, S. Zouari, N. Żywucka, The H.E.S.S. Collaboration, and K. Mori

Subjects
Active galactic nuclei, Blazars, Neutrino astronomy, Gamma-ray astronomy, Astrophysics, QB460-466
Abstract

We report on multiwavelength target-of-opportunity observations of the blazar PKS 0735+178, located 2.°2 away from the best-fit position of the IceCube neutrino event IceCube-211208A detected on 2021 December 8. The source was in a high-flux state in the optical, ultraviolet, X-ray, and GeV γ -ray bands around the time of the neutrino event, exhibiting daily variability in the soft X-ray flux. The X-ray data from Swift-XRT and NuSTAR characterize the transition between the low-energy and high-energy components of the broadband spectral energy distribution (SED), and the γ -ray data from Fermi-LAT, VERITAS, and H.E.S.S. require a spectral cutoff near 100 GeV. Both the X-ray and γ -ray measurements provide strong constraints on the leptonic and hadronic models. We analytically explore a synchrotron self-Compton model, an external Compton model, and a lepto-hadronic model. Models that are entirely based on internal photon fields face serious difficulties in matching the observed SED. The existence of an external photon field in the source would instead explain the observed γ -ray spectral cutoff in both the leptonic and lepto-hadronic models and allow a proton jet power that marginally agrees with the Eddington limit in the lepto-hadronic model. We show a numerical lepto-hadronic model with external target photons that reproduces the observed SED and is reasonably consistent with the neutrino event despite requiring a high jet power.

Published
2023
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13. Quantification of different flow components in a high-altitude glacierized catchment (Dudh Koshi, Himalaya): some cryospheric-related issues

Author

L. Mimeau, M. Esteves, I. Zin, H.-W. Jacobi, F. Brun, P. Wagnon, D. Koirala, and Y. Arnaud

Subjects
Technology, Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering, TD1-1066, Geography. Anthropology. Recreation, Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Abstract

In a context of climate change and water demand growth, understanding the origin of water flows in the Himalayas is a key issue for assessing the current and future water resource availability and planning the future uses of water in downstream regions. Two of the main issues in the hydrology of high-altitude glacierized catchments are (i) the limited representation of cryospheric processes controlling the evolution of ice and snow in distributed hydrological models and (ii) the difficulty in defining and quantifying the hydrological contributions to the river outflow. This study estimates the relative contribution of rainfall, glaciers, and snowmelt to the Khumbu River streamflow (Upper Dudh Koshi, Nepal, 146 km2, 43 % glacierized, elevation range from 4260 to 8848 m a.s.l.) as well as the seasonal, daily, and sub-daily variability during the period 2012–2015 by using the DHSVM-GDM (Distributed Hydrological Soil Vegetation Model – Glaciers Dynamics Model) physically based glacio-hydrological model. The impact of different snow and glacier parameterizations was tested by modifying the snow albedo parameterization, adding an avalanche module, adding a reduction factor for the melt of debris-covered glaciers, and adding a conceptual englacial storage. The representation of snow, glacier, and hydrological processes was evaluated using three types of data (MODIS satellite images, glacier mass balances, and in situ discharge measurements). The relative flow components were estimated using two different definitions based on the water inputs and contributing areas. The simulated hydrological contributions differ not only depending on the used models and implemented processes, but also on different definitions of the estimated flow components. In the presented case study, ice melt and snowmelt contribute each more than 40 % to the annual water inputs and 69 % of the annual stream flow originates from glacierized areas. The analysis of the seasonal contributions highlights that ice melt and snowmelt as well as rain contribute to monsoon flows in similar proportions and that winter outflow is mainly controlled by the release from the englacial water storage. The choice of a given parametrization for snow and glacier processes, as well as their relative parameter values, has a significant impact on the simulated water balance: for instance, the different tested parameterizations led to ice melt contributions ranging from 42 % to 54 %. The sensitivity of the model to the glacier inventory was also tested, demonstrating that the uncertainty related to the glacierized surface leads to an uncertainty of 20 % for the simulated ice melt component.

Published
2019
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14. Glacial and geomorphic effects of a supraglacial lake drainage and outburst event, Everest region, Nepal Himalaya

Author

E. S. Miles, C. S. Watson, F. Brun, E. Berthier, M. Esteves, D. J. Quincey, K. E. Miles, B. Hubbard, and P. Wagnon

Subjects
Environmental sciences, GE1-350, Geology, QE1-996.5
Abstract

A set of supraglacial ponds filled rapidly between April and July 2017 on Changri Shar Glacier in the Everest region of Nepal, coalescing into a ∼180 000 m2 lake before sudden and complete drainage through Changri Shar and Khumbu glaciers (15–17 July). We use PlanetScope and Pléiades satellite orthoimagery to document the system's evolution over its very short filling period and to assess the glacial and proglacial effects of the outburst flood. We also use high-resolution stereo digital elevation models (DEMs) to complete a detailed analysis of the event's glacial and geomorphic effects. Finally, we use discharge records at a stream gauge 4 km downstream to refine our interpretation of the chronology and magnitude of the outburst. We infer largely subsurface drainage through both of the glaciers located on its flow path, and efficient drainage through the lower portion of Khumbu Glacier. The drainage and subsequent outburst of 1.36±0.19×106 m3 of impounded water had a clear geomorphic impact on glacial and proglacial topography, including deep incision and landsliding along the Changri Nup proglacial stream, the collapse of shallow englacial conduits near the Khumbu terminus and extensive, enhanced bank erosion at least as far as 11 km downstream below Khumbu Glacier. These sudden changes destroyed major trails in three locations, demonstrating the potential hazard that short-lived, relatively small glacial lakes pose.

Published
2018
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15. Ice cliff contribution to the tongue-wide ablation of Changri Nup Glacier, Nepal, central Himalaya

Author

F. Brun, P. Wagnon, E. Berthier, J. M. Shea, W. W. Immerzeel, P. D. A. Kraaijenbrink, C. Vincent, C. Reverchon, D. Shrestha, and Y. Arnaud

Subjects
Environmental sciences, GE1-350, Geology, QE1-996.5
Abstract

Ice cliff backwasting on debris-covered glaciers is recognized as an important mass-loss process that is potentially responsible for the debris-cover anomaly, i.e. the fact that debris-covered and debris-free glacier tongues appear to have similar thinning rates in the Himalaya. In this study, we quantify the total contribution of ice cliff backwasting to the net ablation of the tongue of Changri Nup Glacier, Nepal, between 2015 and 2017. Detailed backwasting and surface thinning rates were obtained from terrestrial photogrammetry collected in November 2015 and 2016, unmanned air vehicle (UAV) surveys conducted in November 2015, 2016 and 2017, and Pléiades tri-stereo imagery obtained in November 2015, 2016 and 2017. UAV- and Pléiades-derived ice cliff volume loss estimates were 3 % and 7 % less than the value calculated from the reference terrestrial photogrammetry. Ice cliffs cover between 7 % and 8 % of the total map view area of the Changri Nup tongue. Yet from November 2015 to November 2016 (November 2016 to November 2017), ice cliffs contributed to 23±5 % (24±5 %) of the total ablation observed on the tongue. Ice cliffs therefore have a net ablation rate 3.1±0.6 (3.0±0.6) times higher than the average glacier tongue surface. However, on Changri Nup Glacier, ice cliffs still cannot compensate for the reduction in ablation due to debris-cover. In addition to cliff enhancement, a combination of reduced ablation and lower emergence velocities could be responsible for the debris-cover anomaly on debris-covered tongues.

Published
2018
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16. Why do the dark and light ogives of Forbes bands have similar surface mass balances?

Author

C. VINCENT, M. DUMONT, D. SIX, F. BRUN, G. PICARD, and L. ARNAUD

Subjects
energy balance, glacier ablation phenomena, glacier mass balance, melt-surface, mountain glaciers, Environmental sciences, GE1-350, Meteorology. Climatology, QC851-999
Abstract

Band ogives are a striking and enigmatic feature of Mer de Glace glacier flow. The surface mass balances (SMBs) of these ogives have been thoroughly investigated over a period of 12 years. We find similar cumulative SMBs over this period, ranging between −64.1 and −66.2 m w.e., on the dark and light ogives even though the dark ogive albedo is ~40% lower than that of the light ogives. We, therefore, looked for another process that could compensate for the large difference of absorbed short-wave radiation between dark and light ogives. Based on in situ roughness measurements, our numerical modeling experiments demonstrate that a significant difference in turbulent flux over the dark and light ogives due to different surface roughnesses could compensate for the difference in radiative forcing. Our results discard theories for the genesis of band ogives that are based on the assumption of a strong ice ablation contrast between dark and light ogives. More generally, our study demonstrates that future roughness changes are as important to analyze as the radiative impacts of a potential increase of aerosols or debris at the surface of glaciers.

Published
2018
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17. X-Ray Phase Contrast Tomography Reveals Early Vascular Alterations and Neuronal Loss in a Multiple Sclerosis Model

Author

A. Cedola, A. Bravin, I. Bukreeva, M. Fratini, A. Pacureanu, A. Mittone, L. Massimi, P. Cloetens, P. Coan, G. Campi, R. Spanò, F. Brun, V. Grigoryev, V. Petrosino, C. Venturi, M. Mastrogiacomo, Nicole Kerlero de Rosbo, and A. Uccelli

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract The degenerative effects of multiple sclerosis at the level of the vascular and neuronal networks in the central nervous system are currently the object of intensive investigation. Preclinical studies have demonstrated the efficacy of mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) therapy in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), the animal model for multiple sclerosis, but the neuropathology of specific lesions in EAE and the effects of MSC treatment are under debate. Because conventional imaging techniques entail protocols that alter the tissues, limiting the reliability of the results, we have used non-invasive X-ray phase-contrast tomography to obtain an unprecedented direct 3D characterization of EAE lesions at micro-to-nano scales, with simultaneous imaging of the vascular and neuronal networks. We reveal EAE-mediated alterations down to the capillary network. Our findings shed light on how the disease and MSC treatment affect the tissues, and promote X-ray phase-contrast tomography as a powerful tool for studying neurovascular diseases and monitoring advanced therapies.

Published
2017
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18. Size and specimen-dependent strategy for x-ray micro-ct and tem correlative analysis of nervous system samples

Author

P. Parlanti, V. Cappello, F. Brun, G. Tromba, R. Rigolio, I. Tonazzini, M. Cecchini, V. Piazza, and M. Gemmi

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract Correlative approaches are a powerful tool in the investigation of biological samples, but require specific preparation procedures to maintain the strength of the employed methods. Here we report the optimization of the embedding protocol of nervous system samples for a correlative synchrotron X-ray computed microtomography (micro-CT) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) approach. We demonstrate that it is possible to locate, with the micrometric resolution of micro-CT, specific volumes of interest for a further ultrastructural characterization to be performed with TEM. This approach can be applied to samples of different size and morphology up to several cm. Our optimized method represents an invaluable tool for investigating those pathologies in which microscopic alterations are localized in few confined regions, rather than diffused in entire tissues, organs or systems. We present a proof of concept of our method in a mouse model of Globoid Cells Leukodistrophy.

Published
2017
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19. Reduced melt on debris-covered glaciers: investigations from Changri Nup Glacier, Nepal

Author

C. Vincent, P. Wagnon, J. M. Shea, W. W. Immerzeel, P. Kraaijenbrink, D. Shrestha, A. Soruco, Y. Arnaud, F. Brun, E. Berthier, and S. F. Sherpa

Subjects
Environmental sciences, GE1-350, Geology, QE1-996.5
Abstract

Approximately 25 % of the glacierized area in the Everest region is covered by debris, yet the surface mass balance of debris-covered portions of these glaciers has not been measured directly. In this study, ground-based measurements of surface elevation and ice depth are combined with terrestrial photogrammetry, unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and satellite elevation models to derive the surface mass balance of the debris-covered tongue of Changri Nup Glacier, located in the Everest region. Over the debris-covered tongue, the mean elevation change between 2011 and 2015 is −0.93 m year−1 or −0.84 m water equivalent per year (w.e. a−1). The mean emergence velocity over this region, estimated from the total ice flux through a cross section immediately above the debris-covered zone, is +0.37 m w.e. a−1. The debris-covered portion of the glacier thus has an area-averaged mass balance of −1.21 ± 0.2 m w.e. a−1 between 5240 and 5525 m above sea level (m a.s.l.). Surface mass balances observed on nearby debris-free glaciers suggest that the ablation is strongly reduced (by ca. 1.8 m w.e. a−1) by the debris cover. The insulating effect of the debris cover has a larger effect on total mass loss than the enhanced ice ablation due to supraglacial ponds and exposed ice cliffs. This finding contradicts earlier geodetic studies and should be considered for modelling the future evolution of debris-covered glaciers.

Published
2016
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20. Seasonal changes in surface albedo of Himalayan glaciers from MODIS data and links with the annual mass balance

Author

F. Brun, M. Dumont, P. Wagnon, E. Berthier, M. F. Azam, J. M. Shea, P. Sirguey, A. Rabatel, and Al. Ramanathan

Subjects
Environmental sciences, GE1-350, Geology, QE1-996.5
Abstract

Few glaciological field data are available on glaciers in the Hindu Kush–Karakoram–Himalayan (HKH) region, and remote sensing data are thus critical for glacier studies in this region. The main objectives of this study are to document, using satellite images, the seasonal changes of surface albedo for two Himalayan glaciers, Chhota Shigri Glacier (Himachal Pradesh, India) and Mera Glacier (Everest region, Nepal), and to reconstruct the annual mass balance of these glaciers based on the albedo data. Albedo is retrieved from Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) images, and evaluated using ground based measurements. At both sites, we find high coefficients of determination between annual minimum albedo averaged over the glacier (AMAAG) and glacier-wide annual mass balance (Ba) measured with the glaciological method (R2 = 0.75). At Chhota Shigri Glacier, the relation between AMAAG found at the end of the ablation season and Ba suggests that AMAAG can be used as a proxy for the maximum snow line altitude or equilibrium line altitude (ELA) on winter-accumulation-type glaciers in the Himalayas. However, for the summer-accumulation-type Mera Glacier, our approach relied on the hypothesis that ELA information is preserved during the monsoon. At Mera Glacier, cloud obscuration and snow accumulation limits the detection of albedo during the monsoon, but snow redistribution and sublimation in the post-monsoon period allows for the calculation of AMAAG. Reconstructed Ba at Chhota Shigri Glacier agrees with mass balances previously reconstructed using a positive degree-day method. Reconstructed Ba at Mera Glacier is affected by heavy cloud cover during the monsoon, which systematically limited our ability to observe AMAAG at the end of the melting period. In addition, the relation between AMAAG and Ba is constrained over a shorter time period for Mera Glacier (6 years) than for Chhota Shigri Glacier (11 years). Thus the mass balance reconstruction is less robust for Mera Glacier than for Chhota Shigri Glacier. However our method shows promising results and may be used to reconstruct the annual mass balance of glaciers with contrasted seasonal cycles in the western part of the HKH mountain range since the early 2000s when MODIS images became available.

Published
2015
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21. A MeerKAT, e-MERLIN, HESS, and Swift search for persistent and transient emission associated with three localized FRBs

Author

J O Chibueze, M Caleb, L Spitler, H Ashkar, F Schüssler, B W Stappers, C Venter, I Heywood, A M S Richards, D R A Williams, M Kramer, R Beswick, M C Bezuidenhout, R P Breton, L N Driessen, F Jankowski, E F Keane, M Malenta, M Mickaliger, V Morello, H Qiu, K Rajwade, S Sanidas, M Surnis, T W Scragg, C R H Walker, N Wrigley, H E S S Collaboration: F Aharonian, F Ait Benkhali, E O Angüner, M Backes, V Baghmanyan, V Barbosa Martins, R Batzofin, Y Becherini, D Berge, M Böttcher, C Boisson, J Bolmont, M de Bony de Lavergne, M Breuhaus, R Brose, F Brun, T Bulik, F Cangemi, S Caroff, S Casanova, J Catalano, M Cerruti, T Chand, A Chen, O U Chibueze, G Cotter, P Cristofari, J Damascene Mbarubucyeye, J Devin, A Djannati-Ataï, A Dmytriiev, K Egberts, J-P Ernenwein, A Fiasson, G Fichet de Clairfontaine, G Fontaine, S Funk, S Gabici, S Ghafourizadeh, G Giavitto, D Glawion, M-H Grondin, M Hörbe, C Hoischen, T L Holch, Zhiqiu Huang, M Jamrozy, F Jankowsky, V Joshi, I Jung-Richardt, E Kasai, K Katarzyński, U Katz, B Khélifi, W Kluźniak, Nu Komin, K Kosack, D Kostunin, A Lemière, J-P Lenain, F Leuschner, T Lohse, A Luashvili, I Lypova, J Mackey, D Malyshev, V Marandon, P Marchegiani, A Marcowith, G Martí-Devesa, R Marx, A Mitchell, R Moderski, L Mohrmann, E Moulin, J Muller, K Nakashima, M de Naurois, A Nayerhoda, J Niemiec, A Priyana Noel, P O’Brien, S Ohm, L Olivera-Nieto, E de Ona Wilhelmi, M Ostrowski, S Panny, R D Parsons, S Pita, V Poireau, D A Prokhorov, H Prokoph, G Pühlhofer, A Quirrenbach, P Reichherzer, A Reimer, O Reimer, G Rowell, B Rudak, E Ruiz-Velasco, V Sahakian, S Sailer, H Salzmann, D A Sanchez, A Santangelo, M Sasaki, H M Schutte, U Schwanke, J N S Shapopi, A Specovius, S Spencer, R Steenkamp, S Steinmassl, T Takahashi, T Tanaka, C Thorpe-Morgan, N Tsuji, C van Eldik, J Veh, J Vink, S J Wagner, A Wierzcholska, Yu Wun Wong, A Yusafzai, M Zacharias, D Zargaryan, A A Zdziarski, A Zech, S J Zhu, S Zouari, N Żywucka, High Energy Astrophys. & Astropart. Phys (API, FNWI), Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Laboratoire Univers et Théories (LUTH (UMR_8102)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Bordeaux (UB), Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier (LUPM), and Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)

Subjects
radio continuum: galaxies, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), ) fast radio burst [(transients], FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, radiation mechanisms: non-thermal, non-thermal [radiation mechanisms], Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, galaxies [radio continuum], fast radio bursts, Space and Planetary Science, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA), (transients:) fast radio burst, ddc:520, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena
Abstract

Monthly notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 515(1), 1365 - 1379 (2022). doi:10.1093/mnras/stac1601, We report on a search for persistent radio emission from the one-off fast radio burst (FRB) 20190714A, as well as from two repeating FRBs, 20190711A and 20171019A, using the MeerKAT radio telescope. For FRB 20171019A, we also conducted simultaneous observations with the High-Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) in very high-energy gamma rays and searched for signals in the ultraviolet, optical, and X-ray bands. For this FRB, we obtain a UV flux upper limit of |$1.39 \times 10^{-16}~{\rm erg\, cm^{-2}\, s^{-1}}$|Å^−1, X-ray limit of |$\sim 6.6 \times 10^{-14}~{\rm erg\, cm^{-2}\, s^{-1}}$| and a limit on the very high energy gamma-ray flux |$\Phi (E\gt 120\, {\rm GeV}) \lt 1.7\times 10^{-12}\, \mathrm{erg\, cm^{-2}\, s^{-1}}$|⁠. We obtain a radio upper limit of ∼15 |$\mu$|Jy beam^−1 for persistent emission at the locations of both FRBs 20190711A and 20171019A with MeerKAT. However, we detected an almost unresolved (ratio of integrated flux to peak flux is ∼1.7 beam) radio emission, where the synthesized beam size was ∼ 8 arcsec size with a peak brightness of |$\sim 53\, \mu$|Jy beam^−1 at MeerKAT and |$\sim 86\, \mu$|Jy beam^−1 at e-MERLIN, possibly associated with FRB 20190714A at z = 0.2365. This represents the first detection of persistent continuum radio emission potentially associated with a (as-yet) non-repeating FRB. If the association is confirmed, one of the strongest remaining distinction between repeaters and non-repeaters would no longer be applicable. A parallel search for repeat bursts from these FRBs revealed no new detections down to a fluence of 0.08 Jy ms for a 1 ms duration burst., Published by Oxford Univ. Press, Oxford

Published
2023
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22. Immunomodulation profile of the biosimilar trastuzumab MYL-1401O in a bioequivalence phase I study

Author

R. Audran, H. Chtioui, A. C. Thierry, C. E. Mayor, L. Vallotton, K. Dao, L. E. Rothuizen, A. Maghraoui, E. J. Pennella, F. Brunner-Ferber, T. Buclin, and F. Spertini

Subjects
Biosimilar, Trastuzumab, mAb, Biomarker, PBMC, Cytokine release assay, Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract The initial Phase-I single centre, single dose, randomized, double-blind, cross-over study was planned to assess the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic bioequivalence of the trastuzumab biosimilar (MYL-1401O) compared to the reference Herceptin®. Their respective immunomodulation profile presented in this paper involved healthy males receiving a single infusion of both monoclonals, separated by a washout period. Sixty parameters were assessed in total, including serum cytokines, peripheral mononuclear cell (PBMC) subsets, cell activation and response to recall antigens and mitogen, pre- and post- infusion, as well as a cytokine release assay (CRA) at baseline. Trastuzumab infusion induced a transient and weak peak of serum IL-6 at 6 h, and a modulation of mononuclear cell subset profile and activation level, notably CD16 + cells. Except for CD8 + T cells, there were no significant differences between Herceptin® and MYL-1401O. In CRA, PBMC stimulated with MYL-1401O or Herceptin® similarly secreted IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β, GM-CSF, IFN-γ, and IL-10, but no or low level of IL-2. Interestingly, some observed adverse events correlated with IL-2 and IFN-γ in CRA. MYL-1401O exhibited a very similar immunomodulation profile to Herceptin®, strongly supporting its bioequivalence. This approach may thus be included in a proof-of-concept study. CRA may be used as a predictive assay for the evaluation of clinical monoclonals.

Published
2024
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23. Compressibility and thermal expansion of magnesium phosphates

Author

C. Leyx, P. Schmid-Beurmann, F. Brunet, C. Chopin, and C. Lathe

Subjects
Mineralogy, QE351-399.2
Abstract

The ambient-temperature compressibility and room-pressure thermal expansion of two Mg3(PO4)2 polymorphs (farringtonite = Mg3(PO4)2-I, with 5- and 6-fold coordinated Mg, and chopinite = “Mg-sarcopside” = [6]Mg3(PO4)2-II), three Mg2PO4OH polymorphs (althausite, hydroxylwagnerite and ε-Mg2PO4OH, all with [5]Mg and [6]Mg) and phosphoellenbergerite ([6]Mg) were measured on synthetic powders using a synchrotron-based multi-anvil apparatus to 5.5 GPa and a laboratory high-temperature diffractometer, with whole-pattern fitting procedures. Bulk moduli range from 64.5 GPa for althausite to 88.4 GPa for hydroxylwagnerite, the high-pressure Mg2PO4OH polymorph. Chopinite, based on an olivine structure with ordered octahedral vacancies (K0 = 81.6 GPa), and phosphoellenbergerite, composed of chains of face-sharing octahedra (K0 = 86.4 GPa), are distinctly more compressible than their homeotypical silicate (127 and 133 GPa, respectively). The compressibility anisotropy is the highest for chopinite and the lowest for phosphoellenbergerite. First-order parameters of quadratic thermal expansions range from v1 = 2.19×10-5 K−1 for ε-Mg2PO4OH to v1 = 3.58×10-5 K−1 for althausite. Phosphates have higher thermal-expansion coefficients than the homeotypical silicates. Thermal anisotropy is the highest for farringtonite and the lowest for hydroxylwagnerite and chopinite. These results set the stage for a thermodynamic handling of phase-equilibrium data obtained up to 3 GPa and 1000 °C in the MgO–P2O5–H2O and MgO–Al2O3–P2O5–H2O systems.

Published
2024
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24. Endurance training minimizing carbohydrate oxidation by targeting the optimal level of fat/carbohydrate oxidation ratio (OLORFOX)?

Author

J. Myzia, J.-F. Brun, E. Varlet-Marie, G. Bui, E. Raynaud De Mauverger, J. Mercier, MORNET, Dominique, Physiologie & médecine expérimentale du Cœur et des Muscles [U 1046] (PhyMedExp), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Hôpital Lapeyronie [Montpellier] (CHU), Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron [Pôle Chimie Balard] (IBMM), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM), Université de Montpellier (UM), and Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)

Subjects
[SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Weight loss, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], LIPOXmax, Training, OLORFOX, Orthopedics and Sports Medicine, Obesity, Exercise, Lipid oxidation
Abstract

International audience; Introduction and purposeThe effectiveness of endurance training at low to moderate intensities targeted at the level of maximal lipid oxidation (LIPOXmax) is confirmed by recent international work. It may seem paradoxical, given the low level of caloric expenditure involved. One of the explanations for this paradox is that LIPOXmax training has epigenetic effects and regulatory effects on eating behavior. Indeed, exercise at this level favors satiety and reduces the urge to snack, whereas at higher intensity, in the lipid oxidation zone, 30 to 60 minutes of endurance exercise favors food intake and may determine a paradoxical weight gain.Methods and resultsIn our previously published database of 3739 calorimetries we have recalculated the kinetics of the lipid/carbohydrate oxidation ratio and we observe that it peaks on average 12% below LIPOXmax (39.45% ± 0.20% vs. 44.87% ± 0.23% VO2max; P < 0.0001) at a level we propose to call “optimal level of fat/carbohydrate oxidation ratio” (OLORFOX) and that this level may present in many cases wide inter-individual variations, so that there are profiles of subjects in whom it is frankly disjointed from that of LIPOXmax. A preliminary series of 11 patients with this profile who were trained at OLORFOX confirms that this approach over 3 years is effective for weight loss (−11.5 ± 1.5% of initial weight P < 0.001), even though this level is set below the LIPOXmax which is itself located at a low to moderate intensity.ConclusionThese preliminary data lead us to study more widely this type of targeting of training in overweight individuals.

Published
2022

25. Cherenkov Telescope Array : the World’s largest VHE gamma-ray observatory

Author

Roberta Zanin, H. Abdalla, H. Abe, S. Abe, A. Abusleme, F. Acero, A. Acharyya, V. Acin Portella, K. Ackley, R. Adam, C. Adams, S.S. Adhikari, I. Aguado Ruesga, I. Agudo, R. Aguilera, A. Aguirre Santaella, F. Aharonian, A. Alberdi, R. Alfaro, J. Alfaro, C. Alispach, R. Aloisio, R. Alves Batista, J.P. Amans, L. Amati, E. Amato, L. Ambrogi, G. Ambrosi, M. Ambrosio, R. Ammendola, J. Anderson, M. Anduze, E.O. Anguner, L.A. Antonelli, V. Antonuccio, P. Antoranz, R. Anutarawiramkul, J. Aragunde Gutierrez, C. Aramo, A. Araudo, M. Araya, A. Arbet Engels, C. Arcaro, V. Arendt, C. Armand, T. Armstrong, F. Arqueros, L. Arrabito, B. Arsioli, M. Artero, K. Asano, Y. Ascasibar, J. Aschersleben, M. Ashley, P. Attina, P. Aubert, C. B. Singh, D. Baack, A. Babic, M. Backes, V. Baena, S. Bajtlik, A. Baktash, C. Balazs, M. Balbo, O. Ballester, J. Ballet, B. Balmaverde, A. Bamba, R. Bandiera, A. Baquero Larriva, P. Barai, C. Barbier, V. Barbosa Martins, M. Barcelo, M. Barkov, M. Barnard, L. Baroncelli, U. Barres de Almeida, J.A. Barrio, D. Bastieri, P.I. Batista, I. Batkovic, C. Bauer, R. Bautista González, J. Baxter, U. Becciani, J. Becerra González, Y. Becherini, G. Beck, J. Becker Tjus, W. Bednarek, A. Belfiore, L. Bellizzi, R. Belmont, W. Benbow, D. Berge, E. Bernardini, M.I. Bernardos, K. Bernlöhr, A. Berti, M. Berton, B. Bertucci, V. Beshley, N. Bhatt, S. Bhattacharyya, W. Bhattacharyya, B. Y. Bi, G. Bicknell, N. Biederbeck, C. Bigongiari, A. Biland, R. Bird, E. Bissaldi, J. Biteau, M. Bitossi, O. Blanch, M. Blank, J. Blazek, J. Bobin, C. Boccato, F. Bocchino, C. Boehm, M. Bohacova, C. Boisson, J. Boix, J.P. Bolle, J. Bolmont, G. Bonanno, C. Bonavolontà, L. Bonneau Arbeletche, G. Bonnoli, P. Bordas, J. Borkowski, R. Bose, D. Bose, Z. Bosnjak, E. Bottacini, Markus Böttcher, M.T. Botticella, C. Boutonnet, F. Bouyjou, V. Bozhilov, E. Bozzo, L. Brahimi, C. Braiding, S. Brau Nogue, S. Breen, J. Bregeon, M. Breuhaus, A. Brill, W. Brisken, E. Brocato, A.M. Brown, K. Brügge, P. Brun, F. Brun, L. Brunetti, G. Brunetti, P. Bruno, A. Bruno, A. Bruzzese, N. Bucciantini, J. H. Buckley, R. Bühler, A. Bulgarelli, T. Bulik, M. Bünning, M. Bunse, M. Burton, A. Burtovoi, M. Buscemi, S. Buschjager, G. Busetto, J. Buss, K. Byrum, A. Caccianiga, F. Cadoux, A. Calanducci, C. Calderon, J. Calvo Tovar, R. A. Cameron, P. Campana, R. Canestrari, F. Cangemi, B. Cantlay, M. Capalbi, M. Capasso, M. Cappi, A. Caproni, R. Capuzzo Dolcetta, P. Caraveo, V. Cárdenas, L. Cardiel, M. Cardillo, C. Carlile, S. Caroff, R. Carosi, A. Carosi, E. Carquin, M. Carrere, J.M. Casandjian, S. Casanova, F. Cassol, F. Catalani, O. Catalano, D. Cauz, A. Ceccanti, C. Celestino Silva, K. Cerny, M. Cerruti, E. Chabanne, P. Chadwick, Y. Chai, P. Chambery, C. Champion, S. Chaty, A. Chen, K. Cheng, M. Chernyakova, G. Chiaro, A. Chiavassa, M. Chikawa, V.R. Chitnis, J. Chudoba, L. Chytka, S. Cikota, A. Circiello, P. Clark, M. Colak, E. Colombo, S. Colonges, A. Comastri, A. Compagnino, V. Conforti, E. Congiu, R. Coniglione, J. Conrad, F. Conte, J.L. Contreras, P. Coppi, R. Cornat, J. Coronado Blazquez, J. Cortina, A. Costa, H. Costantini, G. Cotter, B. Courty, S. Covino, S. Crestan, P. Cristofari, R. Crocker, J. Croston, K. Cubuk, O. Cuevas, X. Cui, G. Cusumano, S. Cutini, G. D'Amico, F. D'Ammando, P. D'Avanzo, P. Da Vela, M. Dadina, S. Dai, M. Dalchenko, M. Dall'Ora, M.K. Daniel, J. Dauguet, I. Davids, J. Davies, B. Dawson, A. De Angelis, A.E. de Araujo Carvalho, M. de Bony de Lavergne, G. De Cesare, F. de Frondat, I. de la Calle, E. de Gouveia Dal Pino, B. De Lotto, A. De Luca, D. De Martino, M. de Naurois, E. de Ona Wilhelmi, F. De Palma Persio, N. De Simone, V. de Souza Valle, E. Delagnes, G. Deleglise Reznicek, C. Delgado, A.G. Delgado Giler, J. Delgado Mengual Valle, Domenico Della Volpe, D. Depaoli, J. Devin, T. Di Girolamo, C. Di Giulio Pierro, L. Di Venere, C. Díaz, C. Dib, S. Diebold, S. Digel, A. Djannati Atai, J. Djuvsland, A. Dmytriiev, K. Docher, A. Domínguez, D. Dominis Prester, A. Donini, D. Dorner, M. Doro, Rita Cassia dos Anjos, J.L. Dournaux, T. Downes, G. Drake, H. Drass, D. Dravins, C. Duangchan, A. Duara, G. Dubus, L. Ducci, C. Duffy, D. Dumora, K. Dundas Mora, A. Durkalec, V.V. Dwarkadas, J. Ebr, C. Eckner, J. Eder, E. Edy, K. Egberts, S. Einecke, C. Eleftheriadis, D. Elsässer, G. Emery, D. Emmanoulopoulos, J.P. Ernenwein, M. Errando, P. Escarate, J. Escudero, C. Espinoza, S. Ettori, A. Eungwanichayapant, P. Evans, C. Evoli, M. Fairbairn, D. Falceta Goncalves, A. Falcone, V. Fallah Ramazanı, R. Falomo, K. Farakos, G. Fasola, A. Fattorini, Y. Favre, R. Fedora, E. Fedorova, K. Feijen, Q. Feng, G. Ferrand, G. Ferrara, O. Ferreira, M. Fesquet, E. Fiandrini, A. Fiasson, M. Filipovic, D. Fink, J.P. Finley, V. Fioretti, D.F.G. Fiorillo, M. Fiorini, S. Flis, H. Flores, L. Foffano, C. Fohr, M.V. Fonseca, L. Font, G. Fontaine, O. Fornieri, P. Fortin, L. Fortson, N. Fouque, B. Fraga, A. Franceschini, F.J. Franco, L. Freixas Coromina, L. Fresnillo, D. Fugazza, Y. Fujita, S. Fukami, Y. Fukazawa, D. Fulla, S. Funk, A. Furniss, S. Gabici, D. Gaggero, G. Galanti, P. Galdemard, Y. A. Gallant, D. Galloway, S. Gallozzi, V. Gammaldi, R. Garcia, L. E. García-Muñoz, E. Garcia Lopez, F. Gargano, C. Gargano, S. Garozzo, D. Gascon, T. Gasparetto, D. Gasparrini, H. Gasparyan, M. Gaug, N. Geffroy, A. Gent, S. Germani, A. Ghalumyan, A. Ghedina, G. Ghirlanda, F. Gianotti, S. Giarrusso, M. Giarrusso, G. Giavitto, B. Giebels, N. Giglietto, V. Gika, F. Gillardo, R. Gimenes, F. Giordano, E. Giro, M. Giroletti, Andrea Giuliani, M. Gjaja, J.F. Glicenstein, P. Gliwny, H. Goksu, P. Goldoni, J.L. Gomez, M.M. Gonzalez, Juan Manuel Gonzalez, K.S. Gothe, D. Gotz Coelho, T. Grabarczyk, R. Graciani, P. Grandi, G. Grasseau, D. Grasso, D. Green, J. Green, T. Greenshaw, P. Grespan, A. Grillo, M.H. Grondin, J. Grube, V. Guarino, B. Guest, O. Gueta, M. Günduz, S. Gunji, G. Gyuk, J. Hackfeld, D. Hadasch, L. Hagge, A. Hahn, J.E. Hajlaoui, A. Halim, P. Hamal, W. Hanlon, Y. Harada, M.J. Hardcastle, M. Harvey Collado, T. Haubold, A. Haupt, M. Havelka, K. Hayashi, M. Hayashida, H. He, L. Heckmann, M. Heller, F. Henault, Gilles Henri, G. Hermann, S. Hernández Cadena, J. Herrera Llorente, O. Hervet, J. Hinton, A. Hiramatsu, K. Hirotani, B. Hnatyk, R. Hnatyk, J.K. Hoang, D. H.H. Hoffmann, C. Hoischen, J. Holder, M. Holler, B. Hona, D. Horan, Dieter Horns, P. Horvath, J. Houles, M. Hrabovsky, D. Hrupec, Y. Huang, J.‑M. Huet, G. Hughes, G. Hull, T.B. Humensky, M. Hütten, M. Iarlori, J.M. Illa, R. Imazawa, T. Inada, F. Incardona, A. Ingallinera, S. Inoue, T. Inoue, Y. Inoue, F. Iocco, K. Ioka, M. Ionica, S. Iovenitti, A. Iriarte, K. Ishio, W. Ishizaki, Y. Iwamura, J. Jacquemier, M. Jacquemont, M. Jamrozy, P. Janecek, F. Jankowsky, A. JardinBlicq, C. Jarnot, P. Jean Martínez, L. Jocou, N. Jordana, M. Josselin, I. JungRichardt, F.J.P.A. Junqueira, C. Juramy Gilles, P. Kaaret, L.H.S. Kadowaki, M. Kagaya, R. Kankanyan, D. Kantzas, V. Karas, A. Karastergiou, S. Karkar, J. Kasperek, H. Katagiri, J. Kataoka, K. Katarzynski, S. Katsuda, N. Kawanaka, D. Kazanas, D. Kerszberg, B. Khélifi, M.C. Kherlakian, T.P. Kian, D.B. Kieda, T. Kihm, S. Kim, S. Kisaka, R. Kissmann, R. Kleijwegt, G. Kluge, W. Kluźniak, J. Knapp, A. Kobakhidze, Y. Kobayashi, B. Koch, J. Kocot, K. Kohri, N. Komin, A. Kong, K. Kosack, F. Krack, M. Krause, F. Krennrich, H. Kubo, V. N. Kudryavtsev, S. Kunwar, J. Kushida, P. Kushwaha, Barbera Parola, G. La Rosa, R. Lahmann, A. Lamastra, M. Landoni, D. Landriu, R.G. Lang, J. Lapington, P. Laporte, P. Lason, J. Lasuik, J. Lazendic Galloway, T. Le Flour, P. Le Sidaner, S. Leach, S.H. Lee, W.H. Lee, S. Lee Oliveira, A. Lemiere, M. Lemoine Goumard, J.P. Lenain, F. Leone, V. Leray, G. Leto, F. Leuschner, R. Lindemann, E. Lindfors, L. Linhoff, I. Liodakis, A. Lipniacka, M. Lobo, Thomas Lohse, S. Lombardi, A. Lopez, M. Lopez, R. Lopez Coto, F. Louis, M. Louys, F. Lucarelli, H. Ludwig Boudi, P.L. Luque Escamilla, M.C. Maccarone, E. Mach, A.J. Maciejewski, J. Mackey, P. Maeght, C. Maggio, G. Maier, P. Majumdar, M. Makariev, M. Mallamaci, R. Malta Nunes de Almeida, D. Malyshev, D. Mandat, G. Maneva, M. Manganaro, P. Manigot, K. Mannheim, N. Maragos, D. Marano, M. Marconi, A. Marcowith, M. Marculewicz, B. Marcun, J. Marin, N. Marinello, P. Marinos, S. Markoff, P. Marquez, G. Marsella, J. M. Martin, P. G. Martin, M. Martinez, G. Martinez, O. Martinez, H. Martinez Huerta, C. Marty, R. Marx, N. Masetti, P. Massimino, H. Matsumoto, N. Matthews, G. Maurin, W. Max Moerbeck, N. Maxted, M.N. Mazziotta, S.M. Mazzola, J.D. Mbarubucyeye, L. Mc Comb, I. McHardy, S. McKeague, S. McMuldroch, E. Medina, D. Medina Miranda, A. Melandri, C. Melioli, D. Melkumyan, S. Menchiari, S. Mereghetti, G. Merino Arevalo, E. Mestre, J.L. Meunier, T. Meures, S. Micanovic, M. Miceli, M. Michailidis, J. Michalowski, T. Miener, I. Mievre, J. D. Miller, T. Mineo, M. Minev, J.M. Miranda, A. Mitchell, T. Mizuno, B. A. Mode, R. Moderski, L. Mohrmann, E. Molinari, T. Montaruli, I. Monteiro, C. Moore, A. Moralejo, D. Morcuende Parrilla, E. Moretti, K. Mori, P. Moriarty, K. Morik, P. Morris, A. Morselli, K. Mosshammer, R. Mukherjee, J. Muller, C. Mundell, J. Mundet, T. Murach, A. Muraczewski, H. Muraishi, I. Musella, A. Musumarra, A. Nagai, S. Nagataki, T. Naito, T. Nakamori, K. Nakashima, K. Nakayama, N. Nakhjiri, G. Naletto, D. Naumann, L. Nava, M.A. Nawaz, H. Ndiyavala, D. Neise, L. Nellen, R. Nemmen, N. Neyroud, K. Ngernphat, T. Nguyen Trung, L. Nicastro, L. Nickel, J. Niemiec, D. Nieto, C. Nigro, M. Nikołajuk, D. Ninci, K. Noda, Y. Nogami, S. Nolan, R. P. Norris, D. Nosek, M. Nöthe, V. Novotny, S. Nozaki, F. Nunio, P. O'Brien, K. Obara, Y. Ohira, M. Ohishi, S. Ohm, T. Oka, N. Okazaki, A. Okumura, C. Oliver, G. Olivera, B. Olmi, M. Orienti, R. Orito, M. Orlandini, E. Orlando, J.P. Osborne, M. Ostrowski, N. Otte, E. Ovcharov, E. Owen, I. Oya, A. Ozieblo, M. Padovani, A. Pagliaro, A. Paizis, M. Palatiello, M. Palatka, E. Palazzi, J.‑L. Panazol, D. Paneque, S. Panny, Francesca Romana Pantaleo, M. Panter, M. Paolillo, A. Papitto, A. Paravac, J.M. Paredes, G. Pareschi, N. Parmiggiani, R.D. Parsons, P. Paśko, S. R. Patel, B. Patricelli, L. Pavletic, S. Pavy, A. Peer, M. Pecimotika, M.G. Pellegriti, P. Peñil Del Campo, A. Pepato, S. Perard, C. Perennes, M. Peresano, A. Perez Aguilera, J. Perez Romero, M.A. Perez Torres, M. Persic, P. O. Petrucci, O. Petruk, B. Peyaud, K. Pfrang, E. Pian, P. Piatteli, E. Pietropaolo, R. Pillera, D. Pimentel, F. Pintore, C. Pio Garcia, G. Pirola, F. Piron, S. Pita, M. Pohl, V. Poireau, A. Pollo, M. Polo, C. Pongkitivanichkul, J. Porthault, J. Powell, D. Pozo, R.R. Prado, E. Prandini, J. Prast, K. Pressard, G. Principe, N. Produit, D. Prokhorov, H. Prokoph, H. Przybilski, E. Pueschel, G. Pühlhofer, I. Puljak, M.L. Pumo, M. Punch, F. Queiroz, J. Quinn, A. Quirrenbach, P.J. Rajda, R. Rando, S. Razzaque, S. Recchia, P. Reichherzer, O. Reimer, A. Reisenegger, Q. Remy, M. Renaud, T. Reposeur, B. Reville, J.M. Reymond, J. Reynolds, D. Ribeiro, M. Ribo, G. Richards, J. Rico, F. Rieger, L. Riitano, M. Riquelme, D. Riquelme, S. Rivoire, V. Rizi, E. Roache, M. Roche, J. Rodriguez, G. Rodriguez Fernandez, J.C. Rodriguez Ramirez, J.J. Rodriguez Vazquez, G. Rojas, P. Romano, G. Romeo Lobato, C. Romoli, M. Roncadelli, J. Rosado, A. Rosales de Leon, G. Rowell, A. Rugliancich, J.E. Ruiz del Mazo, C. Rulten, C. Russell, F. Russo Hatlen, S. Safi Harb, L. Saha, V. Sahakian, S. Sailer, T. Saito, N. Sakaki, S. Sakurai, G. Salina, H. Salzmann, D. Sanchez, H. Sandaker, A. Sandoval, P. Sangiorgi, M. Sanguillon, H. Sano, M. Santander, A. Santangelo, R. Santos Lima, A. Sanuy, L. Sapozhnikov, T. Saric, S. Sarkar, H. Sasaki, N. Sasaki, Y. Sato, F.G. Saturni, M. Sawada, J. Schaefer, A. Scherer, J. Scherpenberg, P. Schipani, B. Schleicher, J. Schmoll, M. Schneider, H. Schoorlemmer, P. Schovanek, F. Schussler, B. Schwab, U. Schwanke, J. Schwarz, E. Sciacca, S. Scuderi, M. Seglar Arroyo, I. Seitenzahl, D. Semikoz, O. Sergijenko, J.E. Serna Franco, Karol Seweryn, V. Sguera, A. Shalchi, R.Y. Shang, P. Sharma, L. Sidoli, J. Sieiro, H. Siejkowski, A. Sillanpaa, B.B. Singh, K.K. Singh, A. Sinha, C. Siqueira, J. Sitarek, P. Sizun, V. Sliusar, D. Sobczynska, R.W. Sobrinho, H. Sol, G. Sottile, H. Spackman, S. Spencer, G. Spengler, D. Spiga, W. Springer, A. Stamerra, S. Stanic, R. Starling, Ł. Stawarz, Stanislav Stefanik, C. Stegmann, A. Steiner, S. Steinmassl, C. Stella, R. Sternberger, M. Sterzel, C. Stevens, B. Stevenson, T. Stolarczyk, G. Stratta, U. Straumann, J. Striskovic, M. Strzys, R. Stuik, M. Suchenek, Y. Sunada, Tiina Suomijarvi, T. Suric, H. Suzuki, P. Swierk, T. Szepieniec, K. Tachihara, G. Tagliaferri, H. Tajima, N. Tajima, D. Tak, H. Takahashi, M. Takahashi, J. Takata, R. Takeishi, T. Tam, M. Tanaka, T. Tanaka, S. Tanaka, M. Tavani, F. Tavecchio, T. Tavernier, A. Russ Taylor, L.A. Tejedor, P. Temnikov, K. Terauchi, J.C. Terrazas, R. Terrier, T. Terzic, M. Teshima, D. Thibaut, F. Thocquenne, W. Tian, L. Tibaldo, A. Tiengo, M. Tluczykont, C.J. Todero Peixoto, K. Toma, L. Tomankova, J. Tomastik, M. Tornikoski, D.F. Torres, E. Torresi, G. Tosti, L. Tosti, N. Tothill, F. Toussenel, G. Tovmassian, C. Trichard, M. Trifoglio, A. Trois, S. Truzzi, A. Tsiahina, B. Turk, A. Tutone, Y. Uchiyama, P. Utayarat, L. Vaclavek, M. Vacula, V. Vagelli, F. Vagnetti, J.A. Valdivia, M. Valentino, A. Valio, B. Vallage, P. Vallania Quispe, A.M. van den Berg, W. van Driel, C. van Eldik, C. van Rensburg, Brian van Soelen, J. Vandenbroucke, G. Vasileiadis, V. Vassiliev, M. Vazquez Acosta, M. Vecchi, A. Vega, J. Veh, P. Veitch, C. Venter, S. Ventura, S. Vercellone, V. Verguilov, G. Verna, S. Vernetto, V. Verzi, G.P. Vettolani, C. Veyssiere, I. Viale, A. Viana, N. Viaux, J. Vignatti, C.F. Vigorito, J. Villanueva, V. Vitale, V. Vittorini, V. Vodeb, N. Vogel, V. Voisin, S. Vorobiov, M. Vrastil, T. Vuillaume, S.J. Wagner, P. Wagner, K. Wakazono, S.P. Wakely, M. Ward, D. Warren, J. Watson, M. Wechakama, P. Wegner, A. Weinstein, C. Weniger, F. Werner, H. Wetteskind, M. L. White, A. Wierzcholska, S. Wiesand, R. Wijers, M. Wilkinson, M. Will, J. Williams, T. J. Williamson, A. Wolter, Y.W. Wong, M. Wood, T. Yamamoto, H. Yamamoto, Y. Yamane, R. Yamazaki, S. Yanagita, L. Yang, S. Yoo, T. Yoshida, T. Yoshikoshi, P. Yu, A. Yusafzai, Michael Zacharias, B. Zaldivar, L. Zampieri, R. Zanin, R. Zanmar Sanchez, D. Zaric, M. Zavrtanik, D. Zavrtanik, Andrzej Zdziarski, A. Zech, H. Zechlin, A. Zenin, A. Zerwekh, K. Ziętara, A. Zink, J. Ziolkowski, M. Zivec, A. Zmija, Współautorami artykułu są członkowie CTA Observatory, CTA Consortium i LST Collaboration w liczbie 1139, Astronomy, Research unit Nuclear & Hadron Physics, and Research unit Astroparticle Physics

Subjects
Physics, Observatory, Gamma ray, Astronomy
Abstract

Very-high Energy (VHE) gamma-ray astroparticle physics is a relatively young field, and observations over the past decade have surprisingly revealed almost two hundred VHE emitters which appear to act as cosmic particle accelerators. These sources are an important component of the Universe, influencing the evolution of stars and galaxies. At the same time, they also act as a probe of physics in the most extreme environments known - such as in supernova explosions, and around or after the merging of black holes and neutron stars. However, the existing experiments have provided exciting glimpses, but often falling short of supplying the full answer. A deeper understanding of the TeV sky requires a significant improvement in sensitivity at TeV energies, a wider energy coverage from tens of GeV to hundreds of TeV and a much better angular and energy resolution with respect to the currently running facilities. The next generation gamma-ray observatory, the Cherenkov Telescope Array Observatory (CTAO), is the answer to this need. In this talk I will present this upcoming observatory from its design to the construction, and its potential science exploitation. CTAO will allow the entire astronomical community to explore a new discovery space that will likely lead to paradigm-changing breakthroughs. In particular, CTA has an unprecedented sensitivity to short (sub-minute) timescale phenomena, placing it as a key instrument in the future of multi-messenger and multi-wavelength time domain astronomy. I will conclude the talk presenting the first scientific results obtained by the LST-1, the prototype of one CTAO telescope type - the Large-Sized Telescope, that is currently under commission., PoS: Proceedings of Science, 395, ISSN:1824-8039, Proceedings of 37th International Cosmic Ray Conference (ICRC2021)

Published
2022

26. A Geant4 tool for edge-illumination X-ray phase-contrast imaging

Author

L. Brombal, L. Rigon, F. Arfelli, R.H. Menk, F. Brun, Brombal, L., Rigon, L., Arfelli, F., Menk, R. H., and Brun, F.

Subjects
X-ray detector, Multi-modality systems, Simulation methods and programs, X-ray detectors, X-ray radiography and digital radiography (DR), Simulation methods and program, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, Multi-modality system
Abstract

The PEPI project is developing a new experimental facility integrating a chromatic photon-counting detector within an edge-illumination (EI) phase-contrast setup. In this context, a novel Geant4-based simulation tool has been introduced with the aim of defining the optimal design of the experimental setup. The code includes a custom X-ray refraction process and allows simulating the whole EI system, comprising a polychromatic and extended source, absorbing masks, substrates, their movement during acquisition, and X-ray detection. In this paper, a realistic spectral detector model is introduced and its energy response validated against experimental data acquired with synchrotron radiation at energies between 26 and 50 keV. Moreover, refraction and transmission images of a plastic phantom are reconstructed from simulation data and successfully compared with theoretical predictions. Finally, an optimization study aiming at finding the effect of the X-ray focal spot size (i.e. spatial coherence) on image quality is presented; the results suggest that, in the considered configuration, the system can tolerate source sizes up to 30 μm, while, for a fixed exposure time, the best signal-to-noise ratio in refraction images is found for source sizes in the order of 10 to 15 μm.

Published
2022

27. Genomic and epidemiological evidence for the emergence of a L. infantum/L. donovani hybrid with unusual epidemiology in northern Italy

Author

F. Bruno, G. Castelli, B. Li, S. Reale, E. Carra, F. Vitale, S. Scibetta, M. Calzolari, S. Varani, M. Ortalli, E. Franceschini, W. Gennari, G. Rugna, and G. F. Späth

Subjects
Leishmania, comparative genomics, genetic hybrid, visceral leishmaniasis, Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract

ABSTRACT Leishmania (L.) infantum is one of the main causative agents of animal and human leishmaniasis across many endemic areas in South America, Europe, North Africa, and Asia. Despite its clinical significance, little is known about the genetic diversity of L. infantum circulating in a given endemic area. Here, we investigate this important open question by applying a comparative genomics approach to seven L. infantum isolates from different hosts and Italian regions, including the northern part of the country (Emilia-Romagna, RER), Sicily, and Sardinia, as an initial attempt to explore the breadth of parasite genetic heterogeneity in Italy. Additionally, microsatellite analysis was carried out to compare the isolates from RER with other 70 L. infantum strains from the same region as well as 65 strains belonging to the L. donovani complex from other countries. We revealed important karyotypic instability and identified strain-specific changes in gene dosage, which affected important virulence factors such as amastins and surface antigen-like proteins. Single nucleotide polymorphism-based clustering analysis of these genomes together with over 80 publicly available L. infantum and L. donovani genomes placed the Italian isolates into three geographically distinct clusters within the Mediterranean basin and uncovered three isolates clustering with putative L. infantum/L. donovani hybrids isolated in Cyprus. As judged by microsatellite profiling, these hybrid isolates are representative of a sub-population of parasites circulating in northern Italy that preferentially infect humans but not dogs. Our results place Italy at the crossroads of L. infantum infection in the Mediterranean and call attention to the public health risk represented by the introduction of non-European Leishmania species.IMPORTANCEThis study closes important knowledge gaps with respect to Leishmania (L.) infantum genetic heterogeneity in a given endemic country, as exemplified here for Italy, and reveals genetic hybridization as a main cause for re-emerging human leishmaniasis in northern Italy. The observed high diversity of Leishmania parasites on the Italian peninsula suggests different geographical origins, with genomic adaptation to various ecologies affecting both pathogenicity and transmission potential. This is documented by the discovery of a putative L. infantum/L. donovani hybrid strain, which has been shown to preferentially infect humans but not dogs. Our results provide important information to health authorities, which need to consider the public health risk represented by the introduction of new Leishmania species into EU countries due to population displacement or travel from countries where exotic/allochthonous parasite species are endemic.

Published
2024
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28. Origin and role of non-skeletal carbonate in coralligenous build-ups: new geobiological perspectives in biomineralization processes

Author

M. Cipriani, C. Apollaro, D. Basso, P. Bazzicalupo, M. Bertolino, V. A. Bracchi, F. Bruno, G. Costa, R. Dominici, A. Gallo, M. Muzzupappa, A. Rosso, R. Sanfilippo, F. Sciuto, G. Vespasiano, and A. Guido

Subjects
Ecology, QH540-549.5, Life, QH501-531, Geology, QE1-996.5
Abstract

The coralligenous build-ups located on the Mediterranean shelf in front of Marzamemi (SE Sicily, Italy) represent useful natural examples to use in studying the relationship between skeletal organisms and non-skeletal components in marine bioconstructions. Coralligenous build-ups are formed in open marine systems, and their comparison with coeval bioconstructions (biostalactites) of confined environments, like submarine caves, allows depicting the complex interactions between metazoans and microbial communities in the formations of recent bioconstructions in different Mediterranean settings. In this study, two coralligenous build-ups were characterized in terms of organisms and sediments involved in their formation. The framework mainly consists of coralline algae and subordinate bryozoans and serpulids. Sponges affect the general morphology of the bioconstructions both interacting with skeletonized organisms and through bioerosion activity. The micrite or microcrystalline calcite is present in minor amounts compared to other components that form the build-ups and consists of two types: autochthonous (in situ) and allochthonous (detrital). Fine autochthonous micrite mineralized directly inside the framework cavities and shows aphanitic or peloidal fabric, produced by organomineralization processes of soft sponge tissues and microbial metabolic activity, respectively. The detrital micrite occurring inside cavities derives from external sources or erosion processes of the bioconstructions themselves. This component has been classified as organic or inorganic based on the organic matter contents deduced by UV epifluorescence. A great quantity of sponges live in cavities of the coralligenous build-ups and compete with carbonatogenic bacteria for the same cryptic spaces, limiting the production of microbialites. The sharing of a similar relationship between sponges and microbial communities by coralligenous concretion and biotic crusts of particular submarine caves suggests that this competition is not habitat-specific. On the contrary, it may develop in a range of environmental settings, from open to cryptic systems, and could be used to clarify the role of metazoans vs. microbialites in palaeoecological reconstructions.

Published
2024
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29. Development and validation of baseline, perioperative and at-discharge predictive models for postsurgical prosthetic joint infection

Author

A. Conde-Albarracín, J. Palomino, Jesús Rodríguez-Baño, S. Sánchez, F. Brun, C. Peñas, and M.D. del Toro

Subjects
Male, 0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), Prosthetic joint infection, medicine.medical_specialty, Prosthesis-Related Infections, Arthroplasty, Replacement, Hip, medicine.medical_treatment, 030106 microbiology, Charlson index, Cohort Studies, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, medicine, Humans, In patient, Prospective Studies, 030212 general & internal medicine, Risk factor, Arthroplasty, Replacement, Knee, Perioperative Period, Prospective cohort study, Aged, Framingham Risk Score, business.industry, Reproducibility of Results, General Medicine, Perioperative, Middle Aged, Surgical infection, Arthroplasty, Patient Discharge, Surgery, Infectious Diseases, ROC Curve, Predictive model, Female, Risk score, Hip Prosthesis, Knee Prosthesis, business
Abstract

[Objectives] To develop and validate baseline, perioperative and at-discharge risk-scoring systems for postsurgical prosthetic joint infection (PJI) in patients undergoing arthroplasty., [Methods] A multicentre prospective cohort study of patients undergoing hip and knee arthroplasty was performed. Patients were randomly assigned (2:1) to a derivation cohort (DC) or a validation cohort (VC). Multivariable predictive models of PJI were constructed at baseline (preoperative period), perioperative (adding perioperative variables) and at-discharge (adding wound state at discharge). The predictive ability of the models and scores was evaluated by area under the receiving operating characteristic curves (AUROC)., [Results] The DC and VC included 2324 and 1245 patients, respectively. Baseline model included total hip arthroplasty (THA), revision arthroplasty (RA), Charlson index and obesity. The AUROC for the score was 0.75 and 0.78 in the DC and VC, respectively. Perioperative model included THA, RA, obesity, National Nosocomial Infections Surveillance (NNIS) index ≥2, significant wound bleeding and superficial surgical site infection; the AUROC was 0.81 and 0.77 in the DC and VC, respectively. The at-discharge model included THA, RA, obesity, NNIS index ≥2, superficial surgical site infection and high-risk wound; the AUROC was 0.82 and 0.84 in the DC and VC, respectively. A score ≥8 points provided 99% negative predictive values for all models., [Conclusions] Simple scores for predicting PJI at three different moments of care in patients undergoing arthroplasty were developed and validated. The scores allow early and accurate identification of high-risk individuals in whom enhanced preventive measures and follow-up may be needed. Further external validation is needed.

Published
2019

30. Revealing x-ray and gamma ray temporal and spectral similarities in the GRB 190829A afterglow

Author

K. Egberts, Davit Zargaryan, Axel Donath, A. W. Chen, G. Pühlhofer, M. de Bony de Lavergne, V. Poireau, P. T. O'Brien, P. A. Evans, Riaan Steenkamp, A. Lemiere, F. Eichhorn, Nu. Komin, J. Schäfer, Włodek Kluźniak, A. S. Seyffert, N. Shafi, Natalia Żywucka, Sebastian Panny, R. J. White, Domenico Tiziani, D. Malyshev, T. Chand, Jhilik Majumdar, V. Baghmanyan, Clemens Hoischen, A. A. Zdziarski, Jacco Vink, Alison Mitchell, Joachim Hahn, M. Füßling, C. van Eldik, J.F. Glicenstein, Lei Sun, P. Reichherzer, Jim Davies, A. Carosi, Zorawar Wadiasingh, Q. Remy, Anna Barnacka, A. Djannati-Ataï, A. Montanari, E. Moulin, M. de Naurois, Alexandre Marcowith, Arnaud Mares, Christoph Deil, Sabrina Casanova, Christo Venter, G. Peron, Garret Cotter, M. Hörbe, Dmitriy Kostunin, E. Ruiz-Velasco, Mohanraj Senniappan, Thomas Bylund, E. O. Angüner, S. Raab, Tadayuki Takahashi, F. Brun, R. J. Tuffs, B. Bi, H. Prokoph, C. van Rensburg, A. Zech, J. Muller, Monica Barnard, B. Peyaud, Kirsty Feijen, R. Rauth, Pierre Brun, Victor Doroshenko, Michael Punch, E. Kasai, Konrad Bernlöhr, M. Curyło, Stefano Gabici, Gianluca Giavitto, Frank M. Rieger, Michael Backes, Stefan Klepser, J.-P. Ernenwein, A. Dmytriiev, Mischa Breuhaus, J. Dyks, G. Emery, L. Olivera-Nieto, Tim Holch, S. Fegan, Samuel Zouari, M.-H. Grondin, L. Mohrmann, Stefan Ohm, I. Jung-Richardt, Markus Böttcher, K. Kosack, A. Reimer, G. Hermann, Marek Jamrozy, Regis Terrier, S. Pita, Markus Holler, Felix Jankowsky, Armelle Jardin-Blicq, E. de Ona Wilhelmi, A.M. Taylor, Carlo Romoli, J. Damascene Mbarubucyeye, Hester Schutte, Dieter Horns, Jonathan Mackey, Tom Armstrong, Helene Sol, Sylvia Zhu, P. J. Meintjes, Hambeleleni Ndiyavala, G. Fontaine, H. Odaka, Felix Aharonian, V. Barbosa Martins, Andreas Specovius, Michal Ostrowski, Johannes Veh, D. J. van der Walt, Yu Wun Wong, L. Oakes, C. Moore, J. Bolmont, D. Jankowsky, M. Seglar-Arroyo, Paolo Marchegiani, Rachel Simoni, R. Marx, S. Steinmassl, D. Glawion, Łukasz Stawarz, Manuel Meyer, Tomasz Bulik, Lente Dreyer, Andreas Quirrenbach, Sabrina Einecke, Iryna Lypova, Constantin Steppa, D. A. Prokhorov, M. Zacharias, Christopher J. Duffy, A. Wierzcholska, M. Tluczykont, Christian Stegmann, Stefan Wagner, Yasunobu Uchiyama, F. Schüssler, Yvonne Becherini, Jimmy N.S. Shapopi, C. Levy, Werner Hofmann, G. Lamanna, M. A. Kastendieck, James E. M. Watson, Ullrich Schwanke, G. Vasileiadis, Isak Delberth Davids, Misao Sasaki, Bruno Khelifi, M. Büchele, M. Lemoine-Goumard, J. Zorn, Elisabetta Bissaldi, Roberta Zanin, F. Ait Benkhali, L. Rinchiuso, M. Scalici, Y. A. Gallant, J. Devin, Jim Hinton, D. Berge, V. Sahakian, F. Werner, Andrea Santangelo, Stefan Funk, S. Sailer, Dmitry Khangulyan, Michael Kreter, Jacek Niemiec, D. A. Sanchez, A. Priyana Noel, C. Arcaro, Fabian Leuschner, J. H. E. Thiersen, M. Panter, U. Katz, K. Nakashima, Olaf Reimer, G. Martí-Devesa, H. Ashkar, Q. Piel, P. Morris, Gavin Rowell, M. Bryan, Kleopas Shiningayamwe, A. Yusafzai, Thomas Murach, G. Maurin, Maria Haupt, Heinrich J. Völk, M. Renaud, R. D. Parsons, Samuel Timothy Spencer, Lenka Tomankova, T. Tam, G. Fichet de Clairfontaine, A. Sinha, J.-P. Lenain, D. Huber, Rafal Moderski, S. Caroff, B. van Soelen, S. Chandra, R. Konno, L. Dirson, M. Tsirou, B. Rudak, V. Joshi, Thomas Lohse, L. Giunti, A. Nayerhoda, Hassan Abdalla, A. Fiasson, M. Spir-Jacob, V. Marandon, K. Katarzyński, P. Vincent, T. Tavernier, K. L. Page, Heiko Salzmann, Celine Armand, Catherine Boisson, Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire Univers et Théories (LUTH (UMR_8102)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier (LUPM), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), H.E.S.S., Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Gravitation and Astroparticle Physics Amsterdam, High Energy Astrophys. & Astropart. Phys (API, FNWI), H.E.S.S. Collaboration, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)

Subjects
Photon, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, gamma ray: burst, 01 natural sciences, Luminosity, HESS, 0103 physical sciences, High Energy Stereoscopic System, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Physics, energy: high, Multidisciplinary, X-ray: energy spectrum, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, photon, Gamma ray, trigger, Light curve, redshift, Redshift, Afterglow, collapse, gamma ray: VHE, HESS - Abteilung Hinton, spectral, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Gamma-ray burst, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], absorption
Abstract

An intrinsic gamma-ray burst afterglow Long gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are emitted by relativistic jets generated during the collapse of a massive star in a distant galaxy. The GRB itself lasts only a few seconds but is followed by an afterglow that can persist for hours or days. The H.E.S.S. Collaboration observed the afterglow of GRB 190829A, a nearby long GRB. The proximity of this burst allowed it to be detected at tera–electron volt energies that would otherwise be absorbed in the intergalactic medium. By analyzing the spectrum and light curve at x-ray and gamma-ray wavelengths, the authors show that the afterglow cannot be explained by standard models. Science , abe8560, this issue p. 1081

Published
2021

31. Broadband Multi-wavelength Properties of M87 during the 2017 Event Horizon Telescope Campaign

Author

Algaba, J.C. Anczarski, J. Asada, K. Baloković, M. Chandra, S. Cui, Y.-Z. Falcone, A.D. Giroletti, M. Goddi, C. Hada, K. Haggard, D. Jorstad, S. Kaur, A. Kawashima, T. Keating, G. Kim, J.-Y. Kino, M. Komossa, S. Kravchenko, E.V. Krichbaum, T.P. Lee, S.-S. Lu, R.-S. Lucchini, M. Markoff, S. Neilsen, J. Nowak, M.A. Park, J. Principe, G. Ramakrishnan, V. Reynolds, M.T. Sasada, M. Savchenko, S.S. Williamson, K.E. Akiyama, K. Alberdi, A. Alef, W. Anantua, R. Azulay, R. Baczko, A.-K. Ball, D. Barrett, J. Bintley, D. Benson, B.A. Blackburn, L. Blundell, R. Boland, W. Bouman, K.L. Bower, G.C. Boyce, H. Bremer, M. Brinkerink, C.D. Brissenden, R. Britzen, S. Broderick, A.E. Broguiere, D. Bronzwaer, T. Byun, D.-Y. Carlstrom, J.E. Chael, A. Chan, C.-K. Chatterjee, S. Chatterjee, K. Chen, M.-T. Chen, Y. Chesler, P.M. Cho, I. Christian, P. Conway, J.E. Cordes, J.M. Crawford, T.M. Crew, G.B. Cruz-Osorio, A. Davelaar, J. De Laurentis, M. Deane, R. Dempsey, J. Desvignes, G. Dexter, J. Doeleman, S.S. Eatough, R.P. Falcke, H. Farah, J. Fish, V.L. Fomalont, E. Ford, H.A. Fraga-Encinas, R. Friberg, P. Fromm, C.M. Fuentes, A. Galison, P. Gammie, C.F. García, R. Gentaz, O. Georgiev, B. Gold, R. Gómez, J.L. Gómez-Ruiz, A.I. Gu, M. Gurwell, M. Hecht, M.H. Hesper, R. Ho, L.C. Ho, P. Honma, M. Huang, C.-W.L. Huang, L. Hughes, D.H. Ikeda, S. Inoue, M. Issaoun, S. James, D.J. Jannuzi, B.T. Janssen, M. Jeter, B. Jiang, W. Jiménez-Rosales, A. Johnson, M.D. Jung, T. Karami, M. Karuppusamy, R. Kettenis, M. Kim, D.-J. Kim, J. Kim, J. Koay, J.Y. Kofuji, Y. Koch, P.M. Koyama, S. Kramer, M. Kramer, C. Kuo, C.-Y. Lauer, T.R. Levis, A. Li, Y.-R. Li, Z. Lindqvist, M. Lico, R. Lindahl, G. Liu, J. Liu, K. Liuzzo, E. Lo, W.-P. Lobanov, A.P. Loinard, L. Lonsdale, C. Macdonald, N.R. Mao, J. Marchili, N. Marrone, D.P. Marscher, A.P. Martí-Vidal, I. Matsushita, S. Matthews, L.D. Medeiros, L. Menten, K.M. Mizuno, I. Mizuno, Y. Moran, J.M. Moriyama, K. Moscibrodzka, M. Müller, C. Musoke, G. Mejías, A.M. Nagai, H. Nagar, N.M. Nakamura, M. Narayan, R. Narayanan, G. Natarajan, I. Nathanail, A. Neri, R. Ni, C. Noutsos, A. Okino, H. Olivares, H. Ortiz-León, G.N. Oyama, T. Ozel, F. Palumbo, D.C.M. Patel, N. Pen, U.-L. Pesce, D.W. Piétu, V. Plambeck, R. Popstefanija, A. Porth, O. Pötzl, F.M. Prather, B. Preciado-López, J.A. Psaltis, D. Pu, H.-Y. Rao, R. Rawlings, M.G. Raymond, A.W. Rezzolla, L. Ricarte, A. Ripperda, B. Roelofs, F. Rogers, A. Ros, E. Rose, M. Roshanineshat, A. Rottmann, H. Roy, A.L. Ruszczyk, C. Rygl, K.L.J. Sánchez, S. Sánchez-Arguelles, D. Savolainen, T. Schloerb, F.P. Schuster, K.-F. Shao, L. Shen, Z. Small, D. Sohn, B.W. Soohoo, J. Sun, H. Tazaki, F. Tetarenko, A.J. Tiede, P. Tilanus, R.P.J. Titus, M. Toma, K. Torne, P. Trent, T. Traianou, E. Trippe, S. Van Bemmel, I. Van Langevelde, H.J. Van Rossum, D.R. Wagner, J. Ward-Thompson, D. Wardle, J. Weintroub, J. Wex, N. Wharton, R. Wielgus, M. Wong, G.N. Wu, Q. Yoon, D. Young, A. Young, K. Younsi, Z. Yuan, F. Yuan, Y.-F. Zensus, J.A. Zhao, G.-Y. Zhao, S.-S. Principe, G. Giroletti, M. D'Ammando, F. Orienti, M. Abdalla, H. Adam, R. Aharonian, F. Benkhali, F.A. Angüner, E.O. Arcaro, C. Armand, C. Armstrong, T. Ashkar, H. Backes, M. Baghmanyan, V. Barbosa Martins, V. Barnacka, A. Barnard, M. Becherini, Y. Berge, D. Bernlöhr, K. Bi, B. Böttcher, M. Boisson, C. Bolmont, J. De Bony De Lavergne, M. Breuhaus, M. Brun, F. Brun, P. Bryan, M. Büchele, M. Bulik, T. Bylund, T. Caroff, S. Carosi, A. Casanova, S. Chand, T. Chen, A. Cotter, G. Curyło, M. Damascene Mbarubucyeye, J. Davids, I.D. Davies, J. Deil, C. Devin, J. Dewilt, P. Dirson, L. Djannati-Ataï, A. Dmytriiev, A. Donath, A. Doroshenko, V. Duffy, C. Dyks, J. Egberts, K. Eichhorn, F. Einecke, S. Emery, G. Ernenwein, J.-P. Feijen, K. Fegan, S. Fiasson, A. De Clairfontaine, G.F. Fontaine, G. Funk, S. Füßling, M. Gabici, S. Gallant, Y.A. Giavitto, G. Giunti, L. Glawion, D. Glicenstein, J.F. Gottschall, D. Grondin, M.-H. Hahn, J. Haupt, M. Hermann, G. Hinton, J.A. Hofmann, W. Hoischen, C. Holch, T.L. Holler, M. Hörbe, M. Horns, D. Huber, D. Jamrozy, M. Jankowsky, D. Jankowsky, F. Jardin-Blicq, A. Joshi, V. Jung-Richardt, I. Kasai, E. Kastendieck, M.A. Katarzyński, K. Katz, U. Khangulyan, D. Khélifi, B. Klepser, S. Kluźniak, W. Komin, N. Konno, R. Kosack, K. Kostunin, D. Kreter, M. Lamanna, G. Lemiere, A. Lemoine-Goumard, M. Lenain, J.-P. Levy, C. Lohse, T. Lypova, I. Mackey, J. Majumdar, J. Malyshev, D. Malyshev, D. Marandon, V. Marchegiani, P. Marcowith, A. Mares, A. Martí-Devesa, G. Marx, R. Maurin, G. Meintjes, P.J. Meyer, M. Moderski, R. Mohamed, M. Mohrmann, L. Montanari, A. Moore, C. Morris, P. Moulin, E. Muller, J. Murach, T. Nakashima, K. Nayerhoda, A. De Naurois, M. Ndiyavala, H. Niederwanger, F. Niemiec, J. Oakes, L. O'Brien, P. Odaka, H. Ohm, S. Olivera-Nieto, L. De Ona Wilhelmi, E. Ostrowski, M. Panter, M. Panny, S. Parsons, R.D. Peron, G. Peyaud, B. Piel, Q. Pita, S. Poireau, V. Noel, A.P. Prokhorov, D.A. Prokoph, H. Pühlhofer, G. Punch, M. Quirrenbach, A. Rauth, R. Reichherzer, P. Reimer, A. Reimer, O. Remy, Q. Renaud, M. Rieger, F. Rinchiuso, L. Romoli, C. Rowell, G. Rudak, B. Ruiz-Velasco, E. Sahakian, V. Sailer, S. Sanchez, D.A. Santangelo, A. Sasaki, M. Scalici, M. Schutte, H.M. Schwanke, U. Schwemmer, S. Seglar-Arroyo, M. Senniappan, M. Seyffert, A.S. Shafi, N. Shiningayamwe, K. Simoni, R. Sinha, A. Sol, H. Specovius, A. Spencer, S. Spir-Jacob, M. Stawarz, Ł. Sun, L. Steenkamp, R. Stegmann, C. Steinmassl, S. Steppa, C. Takahashi, T. Tavernier, T. Taylor, A.M. Terrier, R. Tiziani, D. Tluczykont, M. Tomankova, L. Trichard, C. Tsirou, M. Tuffs, R. Uchiyama, Y. Van Der Walt, D.J. Van Eldik, C. Van Rensburg, C. Van Soelen, B. Vasileiadis, G. Veh, J. Venter, C. Vincent, P. Vink, J. Völk, H.J. Vuillaume, T. Wadiasingh, Z. Wagner, S.J. Watson, J. Werner, F. White, R. Wierzcholska, A. Wong, Y.W. Yusafzai, A. Zacharias, M. Zanin, R. Zargaryan, D. Zdziarski, A.A. Zech, A. Zhu, S.J. Zorn, J. Zouari, S. Żywucka, N. Acciari, V.A. Ansoldi, S. Antonelli, L.A. Engels, A.A. Artero, M. Asano, K. Baack, D. Babić, A. Baquero, A. De Almeida, U.B. Barrio, J.A. Becerra González, J. Bednarek, W. Bellizzi, L. Bernardini, E. Bernardos, M. Berti, A. Besenrieder, J. Bhattacharyya, W. Bigongiari, C. Biland, A. Blanch, O. Bonnoli, G. Bošnjak, Ž. Busetto, G. Carosi, R. Ceribella, G. Cerruti, M. Chai, Y. Chilingarian, A. Cikota, S. Colak, S.M. Colombo, E. Contreras, J.L. Cortina, J. Covino, S. D'Amico, G. D'Elia, V. Da Vela, P. Dazzi, F. De Angelis, A. De Lotto, B. Delfino, M. Delgado, J. Delgado Mendez, C. Depaoli, D. Di Pierro, F. Di Venere, L. Do Souto Espineira, E. Dominis Prester, D. Donini, A. Dorner, D. Doro, M. Elsaesser, D. Fallah Ramazani, V. Fattorini, A. Ferrara, G. Fonseca, M.V. Font, L. Fruck, C. Fukami, S. García López, R.J. Garczarczyk, M. Gasparyan, S. Gaug, M. Giglietto, N. Giordano, F. Gliwny, P. Godinović, N. Green, J.G. Green, D. Hadasch, D. Hahn, A. Heckmann, L. Herrera, J. Hoang, J. Hrupec, D. Hütten, M. Inada, T. Inoue, S. Ishio, K. Iwamura, Y. Jiménez, I. Jormanainen, J. Jouvin, L. Kajiwara, Y. Karjalainen, M. Kerszberg, D. Kobayashi, Y. Kubo, H. Kushida, J. Lamastra, A. Lelas, D. Leone, F. Lindfors, E. Lombardi, S. Longo, F. López-Coto, R. López-Moya, M. López-Oramas, A. Loporchio, S. Machado De Oliveira Fraga, B. Maggio, C. Majumdar, P. Makariev, M. Mallamaci, M. Maneva, G. Manganaro, M. Mannheim, K. Maraschi, L. Mariotti, M. Martínez, M. Mazin, D. Menchiari, S. Mender, S. Mićanović, S. Miceli, D. Miener, T. Minev, M. Miranda, J.M. Mirzoyan, R. Molina, E. Moralejo, A. Morcuende, D. Moreno, V. Moretti, E. Neustroev, V. Nigro, C. Nilsson, K. Nishijima, K. Noda, K. Nozaki, S. Ohtani, Y. Oka, T. Otero-Santos, J. Paiano, S. Palatiello, M. Paneque, D. Paoletti, R. Paredes, J.M. Pavletić, L. Penil, P. Perennes, C. Persic, M. Moroni, P.G.P. Prandini, E. Priyadarshi, C. Puljak, I. Rhode, W. Ribó, M. Rico, J. Righi, C. Rugliancich, A. Saha, L. Sahakyan, N. Saito, T. Sakurai, S. Satalecka, K. Saturni, F.G. Schleicher, B. Schmidt, K. Schweizer, T. Sitarek, J. Šnidarić, I. Sobczynska, D. Spolon, A. Stamerra, A. Strom, D. Strzys, M. Suda, Y. Surić, T. Takahashi, M. Tavecchio, F. Temnikov, P. Terzić, T. Teshima, M. Tosti, L. Truzzi, S. Tutone, A. Ubach, S. Van Scherpenberg, J. Vanzo, G. Vazquez Acosta, M. Ventura, S. Verguilov, V. Vigorito, C.F. Vitale, V. Vovk, I. Will, M. Wunderlich, C. Zarić, D. Adams, C.B. Benbow, W. Brill, A. Capasso, M. Christiansen, J.L. Chromey, A.J. Daniel, M.K. Errando, M. Farrell, K.A. Feng, Q. Finley, J.P. Fortson, L. Furniss, A. Gent, A. Giuri, C. Hassan, T. Hervet, O. Holder, J. Hughes, G. Humensky, T.B. Jin, W. Kaaret, P. Kertzman, M. Kieda, D. Kumar, S. Lang, M.J. Lundy, M. Maier, G. Moriarty, P. Mukherjee, R. Nieto, D. Nievas-Rosillo, M. O'Brien, S. Ong, R.A. Otte, A.N. Patel, S. Pfrang, K. Pohl, M. Prado, R.R. Pueschel, E. Quinn, J. Ragan, K. Reynolds, P.T. Ribeiro, D. Richards, G.T. Roache, E. Rulten, C. Ryan, J.L. Santander, M. Sembroski, G.H. Shang, R. Weinstein, A. Williams, D.A. Williamson, T.J. Hirota, T. Cui, L. Niinuma, K. Ro, H. Sakai, N. Sawada-Satoh, S. Wajima, K. Wang, N. Liu, X. Yonekura, Y.

Subjects
Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

In 2017, the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT) Collaboration succeeded in capturing the first direct image of the center of the M87 galaxy. The asymmetric ring morphology and size are consistent with theoretical expectations for a weakly accreting supermassive black hole of mass ∼6.5 × 109 M o˙. The EHTC also partnered with several international facilities in space and on the ground, to arrange an extensive, quasi-simultaneous multi-wavelength campaign. This Letter presents the results and analysis of this campaign, as well as the multi-wavelength data as a legacy data repository. We captured M87 in a historically low state, and the core flux dominates over HST-1 at high energies, making it possible to combine core flux constraints with the more spatially precise very long baseline interferometry data. We present the most complete simultaneous multi-wavelength spectrum of the active nucleus to date, and discuss the complexity and caveats of combining data from different spatial scales into one broadband spectrum. We apply two heuristic, isotropic leptonic single-zone models to provide insight into the basic source properties, but conclude that a structured jet is necessary to explain M87's spectrum. We can exclude that the simultaneous γ-ray emission is produced via inverse Compton emission in the same region producing the EHT mm-band emission, and further conclude that the γ-rays can only be produced in the inner jets (inward of HST-1) if there are strongly particle-dominated regions. Direct synchrotron emission from accelerated protons and secondaries cannot yet be excluded. © 2021. The Author(s). Published by the American Astronomical Society..

Published
2021

32. Urban food waste for soil amendment? Analysis and characterisation of waste-based compost for soil fertility management in agroecological horticultural production systems in the city of Rosario, Argentina

Author

R. Terrile, N. Martinez, N. Paz, F. Brunotto, M. Costa, N. Budai, C. Ruiz, M. Rizzi, M. Invernizzi, T. Scarpeci, R. D. Piacentini, K. Winter, and C. Tornaghi

Subjects
urban agroecology, food production, urban waste composting, physicochemical analysis, biochemical analysis, toxicity, Nutrition. Foods and food supply, TX341-641, Food processing and manufacture, TP368-456
Abstract

Urban and peri-urban lands can be an important source of food production for localised and sustainable food systems, however, their soils can be of poor quality, degraded or damaged by anthropic activities, and little is known about their suitability or safety. This paper aims to contribute to this knowledge gap by assessing the soil remediation capacity and qualities of different types of compost made from urban and peri-urban organic wastes for agroecological food production. Prepared over the course of 2021, and used in 2022 for food growing, five different composts were observed and analysed, in two different farms in the city of Rosario, Argentina. Four raw materials generated largely by local industries were used to make the composts: chicken manure, rumen (cow’s stomachs), brewer’s bagasse (byproducts of the beer industry) and urban leaves collected from the municipality waste collection. These were mixed in different proportions (all reaching the 20–30 C/N ratio, typical of quality compost) to produce viable growing substrates where radishes and lettuces were grown. The aim of the study was to assess the possibility, quality and limitations to use locally available organic inputs for soil fertility management in agroecological farming, in the context of urbanisation and to assess pathways to develop closed-cycle agroecological agriculture at metropolitan level. Natural manure substrates (raw and composted) were analysed, as well as crops grown and fertilised with each of the substrates. The attributes and limiting factors of each substrate and their response to local soil conditions were compared and physicochemical, biochemical, and microbiological analyses were performed, including among others, the study of microbial biomass, biological activity, biophytotoxicity, pH, aerobic heterotrophs, nitrogen fixation, and the presence of antibiotics, agrochemicals and heavy metals. The results of the analyses show that all the composted materials improved the physical, chemical and biological properties. However, in some cases, pollutants were present even after composting. Analysis carried out on the vegetables generally indicate undetectable levels or levels below the admissible limits, demonstrating the filtering capacity of the different composts and the soil.

Published
2024
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33. Physical Activity Targeted at Maximal Lipid Oxidation: A Meta-Analysis

Author

A. J. Romain, M. Carayol, M. Desplan, C. Fedou, G. Ninot, J. Mercier, A. Avignon, and J. F. Brun

Subjects
Nutritional diseases. Deficiency diseases, RC620-627
Abstract

Exercise is recognized as a part of the management of obesity and diabetes. Various protocols of exercise are proposed for the management of obesity, diabetes, and other metabolic diseases. One of the strategies proposed by several authors is low intensity endurance training targeted at the level of maximal oxidation. Large series using this technique are lacking. Addressing this issue, we performed a meta-analysis of the studies on anthropometric measurements. From a database of 433 articles, 15 were selected, including 279 subjects with 6 different populations. Studies duration ranged from 2 months to 12 months. Concerning weight loss, in the intervention versus control analysis, five studies with 185 participants were included with a significant effect size favors exercise (P=0.02) without significant heterogeneity (I2=0.0%, P=0.83). Further randomized controlled trials for comparing it with other exercise protocols and defining its dose effectiveness on large samples are needed.

Published
2012
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34. Low back pain patients with Modic type 1 changes exhibit distinct bacterial and non-bacterial subtypes

Author

I. Heggli, T. Mengis, C.J. Laux, L. Opitz, N. Herger, D. Menghini, R. Schuepbach, N.A. Farshad-Amacker, F. Brunner, A.J. Fields, M. Farshad, O. Distler, and S. Dudli

Subjects
Low back pain, Modic changes, Etiology, Cutibacterium acnes, Autoimmunity, Diseases of the musculoskeletal system, RC925-935
Abstract

Objectives: Modic type 1 changes (MC1) are vertebral endplate bone marrow (BM) lesions observed on magnetic resonance images in sub-populations of chronic low back pain (CLBP) patients. The etiopathogenesis remains unknown and treatments that modify the underlying pathomechanisms do not exist. We hypothesized that two biological MC1 subtypes exist: a bacterial and a non-bacterial. This would have important implications for developing treatments targeting the underlying pathomechanisms. Methods: Intervertebral disc (IVD) samples adjacent to MC1 (n ​= ​34) and control (n ​= ​11) vertebrae were collected from patients undergoing spinal fusion. Cutibacterium acnes (C.acnes) genome copy numbers (GCNs) were quantified in IVD tissues with 16S qPCR, transcriptomic signatures and cytokine profiles were determined in MC1 and control BM by RNA sequencing and immunoassay. Finally, we assessed if C.acnes GCNs are associated with blood plasma cytokines. Results: IVD tissues from control levels had 870) C.acnes GCNs. MC1 patients with “high” C.acnes GCNs had upregulated innate immune cell signatures (neutrophil, macrophage/monocyte) and pro-inflammatory cytokines related to neutrophil and macrophage/monocyte function in the BM, consistent with a host defense against bacterium. MC1 patients with “low” C.acnes GCNs had increased adaptive immune cell signatures (T-and B-cell) in the BM and elevated IL-13 blood plasma levels. Conclusion: Our study provides the first evidence for the existence of bacterial (C.acnes “high”) and non-bacterial (C.acnes “low”) subtypes in MC1 patients with CLBP. This supports the need for different treatment strategies.

Published
2024
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35. P981Lvot area measurement using gated ct data reclassifies aortic stenosis severity as graded by echocardiographyP982Paradoxical low-flow low-gradient aortic stenosis: an intermediate state between moderate and severe aortic stenosis?P983Can rheumatic significant mitral stenosis be a cause of paradoxical low gradient, low flow, in patients with severe aortic stenosis? an echocardiographic and outcome studyP984Clinical and hemodynamic comparison of isolated versus combined aortic and mitral stenosisP985Echocardiographic end-diastolic velocity in the proximal descending aorta should be interpreted with caution when the ascending aorta is dilated: insights from cardiovascular magnetic resonanceP987Prevalence of atrial mitral regurgitation in patients with severe mitral regurgitationP988Role of 2D/3D echocardiography in the risk stratification of endocardial lead-related tricuspid regurgitation: a single-centre study among?241 patientsP989When TEE is needed in patients with staphylococcus aureus bacteremia for the assessment of risk profile of infective endocarditis?P990Appropriateness criteria to echocardiograms for suspected infective endocarditis: experience of a tertiary referral centerP991Independent predictors of outcome in infective endocarditisP992The role of transesophageal cardiography in clinical course and prognosis of complicated infective endocarditis in critically ill patients: our 15 years experienceP993Left bundle branch block atypical pattern as a prognostic determinant in patients taken to TAVIP994Efficacy of long-term ivabradine therapy in severe systolic chronic heart failure patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitusP995Relations between left ventricular reverse remodeling and serum markers of extracellular matrix fibrosis in dilated cardiomyopathyP996The healthy left ventricle accommodates an increasing vortex formation time for volume transfer in diastolic filling :Implications for heart failureP997Evolutionary changes of pulmonary artery pressure after left ventricular assist device implantP998Functional correlates and prognostic value of coronary flow velocity reserve by vasodilator stress echocardiography in hypertrophic cardiomyopathyP999Quantification of myocardial performance in patients with non-obstructive versus latent-obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathyP1000Lifelong arrhythmic risk stratification in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy: distribution of events and impact of periodical reassessmentP1001Impact of fibrosis visualized by CMR in vectorcardiogram recordings of patients with suspected arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathyP1002Determinants of the beneficial effect of aldosterone antagonism on exercise capacity in heart failure with reduced ejection fractionP1003Myocardial strain values in patients with acute myocarditis and preserved ejection fraction. A magnetic resonance feature tracking studyP1004Detection of subclinical left ventricular dysfunction by speckle tracking echocardiography in patients with myocarditis without prominent wall motion abnormalitiesP1005Aborted sudden cardiac death patients aged <50 years show only mild alterations on cardiac magnetic resonance imagingP1006Relationships between subepicardial and subendocardial longitudinal strain with late gadolinium enhancement in uncomplicated hypertensive patients

Author

C. Contaldi, T. Zaremba, P. Kostakou, A M G Almeida, W. Kosmala, B. Igual Munoz, C. Cappelletto, J. Wang, Q. Ciampi, MV. Di Ruocco, GJ. King, S. Wisniowska-Smialek, LR. Tumasyan, B. Parra Laca, F. Ahmad, R. Ilhao Moreira, F. Casadei, L. Longobardo, A. Hamadanchi, K. Johnson, O. Bech-Hanssen, A. Soufiani, C. Di Nora, L. Moderato, A. Palumbo, S. Coli, D. Orlandini, G. Russo, N. Gaibazzi, S. Poli, O. Vriz, C. Zito, S. Carerj, D. Pavan, F. Antonini-Canterin, H. Ougnou, FZ. Elhattab, N. Bendagha, M. Tribak, FZ. Lahchab, L. Mahfoudi, B. Fadel, S. Moughil, D. Mohty, FZ. El Hattab, V. Aboyans, CL. Polte, F. Svensson, ÅA Johnsson, KM. Lagerstrand, SA. Gao, ST. Abdel-Rahman, L. Dobson, K. Gatenby, A. Kidambi, D. Schlosshan, B. Moradi, Y. Asadi, TC. Poerner, T. Doenst, PC. Schulze, B. Goebel, O. Trio, M. Cusma'-Piccione, G. Di Bella, BK. Khandheria, B. De Chiara, F. Spano', D. Bokor, S. Quattrocchi, M. Varrenti, E. Vigano', I. Rinaldi, C. Giannattasio, A. Moreo, M. Coutinho Cruz, L. Moura Branco, A. Galrinho, L. Coutinho Miranda, A. Viveiros Monteiro, S. Aguiar Rosa, I. Rodrigues, J. Fragata, R. Cruz Ferreira, S. Cox, ST. Chan, E. Abdul Rahman, I. Zainal Abidin, MA. Sadiq, F. Islas, A. De Agustin, L. Nombela, P. Marcos-Alberca, C. Macaya, L. Perez De Isla, C. Olmos, KG. Adamyan, P. Rubis, L. Khachatryan, A. Karabinowska, P. Faltyn, E. Dziewiecka, B. Biernacka-Fialkowska, M. Hlawaty, M. Kostkiewicz, P. Podolec, K. Coen, M. Serseniuc, PG. Nolan, JG. Clarke, PL. Temporelli, M. Pistono, A. Imparato, E. Eleuteri, P. Giannuzzi, L. Cortigiani, M. Tesic, B. Beleslin, F. Rigo, A. Djorkievic-Dikic, E. Picano, L. Zuo, SJ. Ta, N. Kang, MY. Zhou, RQ. Guo, L. Liu, D. Stolfo, A. De Luca, B. Pinamonti, G. Barbati, G. Gobbo, A. Pivetta, F. Brun, M. Merlo, G. Sinagra, JS. Sanz, PMA Molina-Aguilar, FCR Castells Ramon, JGB Giner Blasco, SG. Santiago Jimenez, AMG Maceira-Gonzalez, AMR Monserrat Reina, LTS Tuset Sanchez, EZG Zorio-Grima, W. Sacharczuk, T. Kotwica, R. Dankowski, M. Przewlocka-Kosmala, M. Kobusiak-Prokopowicz, A. Mysiak, A. Szyszka, MN. Menezes, G. Lima Silva, T. Guimaraes, AR. Francisco, R. Placido, C. David, FJ. Pinto, N. Kouris, E. Trifou, V. Kostopoulos, P. Hatzigiannis, CD. Olympios, AK. Broendberg, HK. Jensen, WY. Kim, M. Imbriaco, G. Alcidi, A. Ponsiglione, C. Santoro, M. Puglia, L. Barbuto, A. Cuocolo, B. Trimarco, and M. Galderisi

Subjects
Aortic valve, Reproducibility, business.industry, General Medicine, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, medicine.disease, Spearman's rank correlation coefficient, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, 03 medical and health sciences, Stenosis, 0302 clinical medicine, Aortic valve area, medicine.anatomical_structure, Aortic valve stenosis, Medicine, Ventricular outflow tract, Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and imaging, Tomography, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, business, Nuclear medicine
Abstract

Background Measurement of left ventricular outflow tract (LVOT) diameter and area for estimation of aortic valve area (AVA) using transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and the continuity equation assumes circular LVOT. The use of direct planimetric measurement of LVOT area by gated-CT can theoretically improve accuracy of AVA calculation. Purpose We aim to assess reproducibility of LVOT echo measurement and its correlation and agreement with Gated CT measurements. In the subgroup with aortic stenosis (AS) we secondarily assessed the potential change in AS severity using LVOT area by CT instead of TTE in the continuity equation. Methods We retrospectively studied 93 patients, 43 of whom with severe AS. LVOT Area was measured with 2D TTE by 2 expert echocardiographers and gated-CT by 2 expert radiologists; inter-reader agreement and inter-method (Echo vs gated CT) agreement and correlation were measured. Finally we used the measurement of CT scan in the continuity equation instead of TTE measurement to assess potential reclassification of AS severity. Results Mean age was 78±11. Table shows inter-reader and inter-method agreement and correlation. The correlation between 2 echocardiophers for LVOT measurements was good (rho = 0,77) although not perfect. Out of 43 severe AS, defined as AVA

Published
2016

36. A very-high-energy component deep in the $\gamma$-ray burst afterglow

Author

H. Abdalla, R. Adam, F. Aharonian, F. Ait Benkhali, E. O. Angüner, M. Arakawa, C. Arcaro, C. Armand, H. Ashkar, M. Backes, V. Barbosa Martins, M. Barnard, Y. Becherini, D. Berge, K. Bernlöhr, E. Bissaldi, R. Blackwell, M. Böttcher, C. Boisson, J. Bolmont, S. Bonnefoy, J. Bregeon, M. Breuhaus, F. Brun, P. Brun, M. Bryan, M. Büchele, T. Bulik, T. Bylund, M. Capasso, S. Caroff, A. Carosi, S. Casanova, M. Cerruti, T. Chand, S. Chandra, A. Chen, S. Colafrancesco, M. Curyło, I. D. Davids, C. Deil, J. Devin, P. deWilt, L. Dirson, A. Djannati-Ataï, A. Dmytriiev, A. Donath, V. Doroshenko, J. Dyks, K. Egberts, G. Emery, J.-P. Ernenwein, S. Eschbach, K. Feijen, S. Fegan, A. Fiasson, G. Fontaine, S. Funk, M. Füßling, S. Gabici, Y. A. Gallant, F. Gaté, G. Giavitto, L. Giunti, D. Glawion, J. F. Glicenstein, D. Gottschall, M.-H. Grondin, J. Hahn, M. Haupt, G. Heinzelmann, G. Henri, G. Hermann, J. A. Hinton, W. Hofmann, C. Hoischen, T. L. Holch, M. Holler, D. Horns, D. Huber, H. Iwasaki, M. Jamrozy, D. Jankowsky, F. Jankowsky, A. Jardin-Blicq, I. Jung-Richardt, M. A. Kastendieck, K. Katarzyński, M. Katsuragawa, U. Katz, D. Khangulyan, B. Khélifi, J. King, S. Klepser, W. Kluźniak, Nu. Komin, K. Kosack, D. Kostunin, M. Kreter, G. Lamanna, A. Lemière, M. Lemoine-Goumard, J.-P. Lenain, E. Leser, C. Levy, T. Lohse, I. Lypova, J. Mackey, J. Majumdar, D. Malyshev, V. Marandon, A. Marcowith, A. Mares, C. Mariaud, G. Martí-Devesa, R. Marx, G. Maurin, P. J. Meintjes, A. M. W. Mitchell, R. Moderski, M. Mohamed, L. Mohrmann, C. Moore, E. Moulin, J. Muller, T. Murach, S. Nakashima, M. de Naurois, H. Ndiyavala, F. Niederwanger, J. Niemiec, L. Oakes, P. O’Brien, H. Odaka, S. Ohm, E. de Ona Wilhelmi, M. Ostrowski, I. Oya, M. Panter, R. D. Parsons, C. Perennes, P.-O. Petrucci, B. Peyaud, Q. Piel, S. Pita, V. Poireau, A. Priyana Noel, D. A. Prokhorov, H. Prokoph, G. Pühlhofer, M. Punch, A. Quirrenbach, S. Raab, R. Rauth, A. Reimer, O. Reimer, Q. Remy, M. Renaud, F. Rieger, L. Rinchiuso, C. Romoli, G. Rowell, B. Rudak, E. Ruiz-Velasco, V. Sahakian, S. Sailer, S. Saito, D. A. Sanchez, A. Santangelo, M. Sasaki, R. Schlickeiser, F. Schüssler, A. Schulz, H. M. Schutte, U. Schwanke, S. Schwemmer, M. Seglar-Arroyo, M. Senniappan, A. S. Seyffert, N. Shafi, K. Shiningayamwe, R. Simoni, A. Sinha, H. Sol, A. Specovius, M. Spir-Jacob, Ł. Stawarz, R. Steenkamp, C. Stegmann, C. Steppa, T. Takahashi, T. Tavernier, A. M. Taylor, R. Terrier, D. Tiziani, M. Tluczykont, C. Trichard, M. Tsirou, N. Tsuji, R. Tuffs, Y. Uchiyama, D. J. van der Walt, C. van Eldik, C. van Rensburg, B. van Soelen, G. Vasileiadis, J. Veh, C. Venter, P. Vincent, J. Vink, H. J. Völk, T. Vuillaume, Z. Wadiasingh, S. J. Wagner, R. White, A. Wierzcholska, R. Yang, H. Yoneda, M. Zacharias, R. Zanin, A. A. Zdziarski, A. Zech, A. Ziegler, J. Zorn, N. Żywucka, F. de Palma, M. Axelsson, O. J. Roberts, Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Physique des Particules de Marseille (CPPM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP/Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire Univers et Théories (LUTH (UMR_8102)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Univers et Particules de Montpellier (LUPM), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE (UMR_7585)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires de Bordeaux Gradignan (CENBG), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Abdalla, H., Adam, R., Aharonian, F., Ait Benkhali, F., Anguner, E. O., Arakawa, M., Arcaro, C., Armand, C., Ashkar, H., Backes, M., Barbosa Martins, V., Barnard, M., Becherini, Y., Berge, D., Bernlohr, K., Bissaldi, E., Blackwell, R., Bottcher, M., Boisson, C., Bolmont, J., Bonnefoy, S., Bregeon, J., Breuhaus, M., Brun, F., Brun, P., Bryan, M., Buchele, M., Bulik, T., Bylund, T., Capasso, M., Caroff, S., Carosi, A., Casanova, S., Cerruti, M., Chand, T., Chandra, S., Chen, A., Colafrancesco, S., Curylo, M., Davids, I. D., Deil, C., Devin, J., Dewilt, P., Dirson, L., Djannati-Atai, A., Dmytriiev, A., Donath, A., Doroshenko, V., Dyks, J., Egberts, K., Emery, G., Ernenwein, J. -P., Eschbach, S., Feijen, K., Fegan, S., Fiasson, A., Fontaine, G., Funk, S., Fussling, M., Gabici, S., Gallant, Y. A., Gate, F., Giavitto, G., Giunti, L., Glawion, D., Glicenstein, J. F., Gottschall, D., Grondin, M. -H., Hahn, J., Haupt, M., Heinzelmann, G., Henri, G., Hermann, G., Hinton, J. A., Hofmann, W., Hoischen, C., Holch, T. L., Holler, M., Horns, D., Huber, D., Iwasaki, H., Jamrozy, M., Jankowsky, D., Jankowsky, F., Jardin-Blicq, A., Jung-Richardt, I., Kastendieck, M. A., Katarzynski, K., Katsuragawa, M., Katz, U., Khangulyan, D., Khelifi, B., King, J., Klepser, S., Kluzniak, W., Komin, N., Kosack, K., Kostunin, D., Kreter, M., Lamanna, G., Lemiere, A., Lemoine-Goumard, M., Lenain, J. -P., Leser, E., Levy, C., Lohse, T., Lypova, I., Mackey, J., Majumdar, J., Malyshev, D., Marandon, V., Marcowith, A., Mares, A., Mariaud, C., Marti-Devesa, G., Marx, R., Maurin, G., Meintjes, P. J., Mitchell, A. M. W., Moderski, R., Mohamed, M., Mohrmann, L., Moore, C., Moulin, E., Muller, J., Murach, T., Nakashima, S., de Naurois, M., Ndiyavala, H., Niederwanger, F., Niemiec, J., Oakes, L., O'Brien, P., Odaka, H., Ohm, S., de Ona Wilhelmi, E., Ostrowski, M., Oya, I., Panter, M., Parsons, R. D., Perennes, C., Petrucci, P. -O., Peyaud, B., Piel, Q., Pita, S., Poireau, V., Priyana Noel, A., Prokhorov, D. A., Prokoph, H., Puhlhofer, G., Punch, M., Quirrenbach, A., Raab, S., Rauth, R., Reimer, A., Reimer, O., Remy, Q., Renaud, M., Rieger, F., Rinchiuso, L., Romoli, C., Rowell, G., Rudak, B., Ruiz-Velasco, E., Sahakian, V., Sailer, S., Saito, S., Sanchez, D. A., Santangelo, A., Sasaki, M., Schlickeiser, R., Schussler, F., Schulz, A., Schutte, H. M., Schwanke, U., Schwemmer, S., Seglar-Arroyo, M., Senniappan, M., Seyffert, A. S., Shafi, N., Shiningayamwe, K., Simoni, R., Sinha, A., Sol, H., Specovius, A., Spir-Jacob, M., Stawarz, L., Steenkamp, R., Stegmann, C., Steppa, C., Takahashi, T., Tavernier, T., Taylor, A. M., Terrier, R., Tiziani, D., Tluczykont, M., Trichard, C., Tsirou, M., Tsuji, N., Tuffs, R., Uchiyama, Y., van der Walt, D. J., van Eldik, C., van Rensburg, C., van Soelen, B., Vasileiadis, G., Veh, J., Venter, C., Vincent, P., Vink, J., Volk, H. J., Vuillaume, T., Wadiasingh, Z., Wagner, S. J., White, R., Wierzcholska, A., Yang, R., Yoneda, H., Zacharias, M., Zanin, R., Zdziarski, A. A., Zech, A., Ziegler, A., Zorn, J., Zywucka, N., de Palma, F., Axelsson, M., Roberts, O. J., Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 26598973 - Abdalla, Hassan, 30588766 - Arcaro, Cornelia, 28644743 - Backes, Michael, 20574266 - Barnard, Monica, 24420530 - Böttcher, Markus, 30366755 - Chand, Tej B., 31125417 - Chandra, Sunil, 26403366 - Ndiyavala, Hambeleleni, 22799133 - Schutte, Hester M., 20126999 - Seyffert, Albertus Stefanus, 10060499 - Van der Walt, Diederick Johannes, 21106266 - Van Rensburg, Carlo, 12006653 - Venter, Christo, 26594080 - Wadiasingh, Zorawar, 29092086 - Zacharias, Michael, 34208968 - Zywucka-Hejzner, Natalia, 33379009 - Kreter, Michael, Faculty of Science, and High Energy Astrophys. & Astropart. Phys (API, FNWI)

Subjects
electron, Brightness, Photon, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, brightness, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Radiation, gamma ray: burst, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, VHE, Transient astrophysical phenomena, 0103 physical sciences, synchrotron, ddc:530, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, X-ray: flux, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Physics, High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena (astro-ph.HE), Range (particle radiation), Multidisciplinary, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, particle: energy, photon, Gamma ray, Time-domain astronomy, Institut für Physik und Astronomie, Afterglow, High-energy astrophysics, Automatic Keywords, gamma ray: UHE, Orders of magnitude (time), 13. Climate action, Gamma-ray burst, Particle astrophysics, Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract

Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are brief flashes of gamma rays, considered to be the most energetic explosive phenomena in the Universe. The emission from GRBs comprises a short (typically tens of seconds) and bright prompt emission, followed by a much longer afterglow phase. During the afterglow phase, the shocked outflow -- produced by the interaction between the ejected matter and the circumburst medium -- slows down, and a gradual decrease in brightness is observed. GRBs typically emit most of their energy via gamma-rays with energies in the kiloelectronvolt-to-megaelectronvolt range, but a few photons with energies of tens of gigaelectronvolts have been detected by space-based instruments. However, the origins of such high-energy (above one gigaelectronvolt) photons and the presence of very-high-energy (more than 100 gigaelectronvolts) emission have remained elussive. Here we report observations of very-high-energy emission in the bright GRB 180720B deep in the GRB afterglow -ten hours after the end of the prompt emission phase, when the X-ray flux had already decayed by four orders of magnitude. Two possible explanations exist for the observed radiation: inverse Compton emission and synchrotron emission of ultrarelativistic electrons. Our observations show that the energy fluxes in the X-ray and gamma-ray range and their photon indices remain comparable to each other throughout the afterglow. This discovery places distinct constraints on the GRB environment for both emission mechanisms, with the inverse Compton explanation alleviating the particle energy requirements for the emission observed at late times. The late timing of this detection has consequences for the future observations of GRBs at the highest energies., Comment: Preprint version of Nature paper. Contacts: E.Ruiz-Velasco, F. Aharonian, E.Bissaldi, C.Hoischen, R.D Parsons, Q.Piel, A.Taylor, D.Khangulyan

Published
2019

37. Contribution of APOBEC3G/F activity to the development of low-abundance drug-resistant human immunodeficiency virus type 1 variants

Author

Roger Paredes, B. Masquelier, Bernard Masquelier, Rolf Kaiser, A.M. Geretti, Klaus Jansen, A d'Arminio Monforte, Erika Castro, K.J. Metzner, Anna Schultze, Clare Booth, Rob Schuurman, F. Brun-Vezinet, Francesca Ceccherini-Silberstein, Roger D. Kouyos, Norbert H. Brockmeyer, F. Di Giallonardo, Martin P. Däumer, Huldrych F. Günthard, Karin J. Metzner, Françoise Brun-Vézinet, Marc Noguera-Julian, Günthard Hf, Anna Maria Geretti, F. Ceccherini-Silberstein, Susan C. Aitken, Hansjakob Furrer, Alessandro Cozzi-Lepri, Claudia Michalik, R. Schuurman, Pantxika Bellecave, and A. Cozzi-Lepri

Subjects
Male, 0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), Somatic hypermutation, HIV Infections, APOBEC-3G Deaminase, Drug resistance, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, Cytosine Deaminase, 03 medical and health sciences, Cytidine deamination, Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active, Cytidine Deaminase, Drug Resistance, Viral, medicine, Humans, Mutation, Reverse-transcriptase inhibitor, General Medicine, Settore MED/07 - Microbiologia e Microbiologia Clinica, Virology, Molecular biology, Stop codon, 3. Good health, 030104 developmental biology, Infectious Diseases, RNA editing, Case-Control Studies, HIV-1, RNA, Viral, Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors, Pyrosequencing, Female, RNA Editing, medicine.drug
Abstract

Plasma drug-resistant minority human immunodeficiency virus type 1 variants (DRMVs) increase the risk of virological failure to first-line non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor antiretroviral therapy (ART). The origin of DRMVs in ART-naive patients, however, remains unclear. In a large pan-European case-control study investigating the clinical relevance of pre-existing DRMVs using 454 pyrosequencing, the six most prevalent plasma DRMVs detected corresponded to G-to-A nucleotide mutations (V90I, V106I, V108I, E138K, M184I and M230I). Here, we evaluated if such DRMVs could have emerged from apolipoprotein B mRNA editing enzyme, catalytic polypeptide 3G/F (APOBEC3G/F) activity. Out of 236 ART-naive subjects evaluated, APOBEC3G/F hypermutation signatures were detected in plasma viruses of 14 (5.9%) individuals. Samples with minority E138K, M184I, and M230I mutations, but not those with V90I, V106I or V108I, were significantly associated with APOBEC3G/F activity (Fisher's P0.005), defined as the presence of0.5% of sample sequences with an APOBEC3G/F signature. Mutations E138K, M184I and M230I co-occurred in the same sequence as APOBEC3G/F signatures in 3/9 (33%), 5/11 (45%) and 4/8 (50%) of samples, respectively; such linkage was not found for V90I, V106I or V108I. In-frame STOP codons were observed in 1.5% of all clonal sequences; 14.8% of them co-occurred with APOBEC3G/F signatures. APOBEC3G/F-associated E138K, M184I and M230I appeared within clonal sequences containing in-frame STOP codons in 2/3 (66%), 5/5 (100%) and 4/4 (100%) of the samples. In a re-analysis of the parent case control study, the presence of APOBEC3G/F signatures was not associated with virological failure. In conclusion, the contribution of APOBEC3G/F editing to the development of DRMVs is very limited and does not affect the efficacy of non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor ART.

Published
2016

38. A solar diameter metrology measurement: the Picard microsatellite program

Author

Marc Derrien, Jacques Porteneuve, Mireille Meissonnier, Claude Leroy, J. F. Brun, Luc Damé, David Cugnet, and Mustapha Meftah

Subjects
Telescope, Solar constant, Diameter measurement, Geography, law, Measure (physics), Differential rotation, Helioseismology, Space weather, Metrology, Remote sensing, law.invention
Abstract

The PICARD microsatellite mission will provide 3 to 4 years simultaneous measurements of the solar diameter, differential rotation and solar constant to investigate the nature of their relations and variabilities. The major instrument, SODISM, is a whole Sun imaging telescope of O110 mm which will deliver an absolute measure (better than 4 mas) of the solar diameter and solar shape. Now in Phase B, PICARD is expected to be launched by 2005. We recall the scientific goals linked to the diameter measurement with interest for Earth Climate, Space Weather and Helioseismology, present the instrument optical concept and design, and give a brief overview of the program aspects.

Published
2017

39. Validity of outcome measures used in randomized clinical trials and observational studies in degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis

Author

M. M. Wertli, D. Rossi, J. M. Burgstaller, U Held, N. H. Ulrich, M. Farshad, J. Steurer, and F. Brunner

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract It is unclear whether outcome measures used in degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis (DLSS) have been validated for this condition. Cross-sectional analysis of studies for DLSS included in systematic reviews (SA) and meta-analyses (MA) indexed in the Cochrane Library. We extracted all outcome measures for pain and disability. We assessed whether the studies provided external references for the validity of the outcome measures and the quality of the validation studies. Out of 20 SA/MA, 95 primary studies used 242 outcome measures for pain and/or disability. Most commonly used were the VAS (n = 69), the Oswestry Disability Index (n = 53) and the Zurich Claudication Questionnaire (n = 22). Although validation references were provided in 45 (47.3%) primary studies, only 14 validation studies for 9 measures (disability n = 7, pain and disability combined n = 2) were specifically validated in a DLSS population. The quality of the validation studies was mainly poor. The Zurich Claudication Questionnaire was the only disease specific tool with adequate validation for assessing treatment response in DLSS. To compare results from clinical studies, outcome measures need to be validated in a disease specific population. The quality of validation studies need to be improved and the validity in studies adequately cited.

Published
2023
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40. Continuous streamflow prediction in ungauged basins: long short-term memory neural networks clearly outperform traditional hydrological models

Author

R. Arsenault, J.-L. Martel, F. Brunet, F. Brissette, and J. Mai

Subjects
Technology, Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering, TD1-1066, Geography. Anthropology. Recreation, Environmental sciences, GE1-350
Abstract

This study investigates the ability of long short-term memory (LSTM) neural networks to perform streamflow prediction at ungauged basins. A set of state-of-the-art, hydrological model-dependent regionalization methods are applied to 148 catchments in northeast North America and compared to an LSTM model that uses the exact same available data as the hydrological models. While conceptual model-based methods attempt to derive parameterizations at ungauged sites from other similar or nearby catchments, the LSTM model uses all available data in the region to maximize the information content and increase its robustness. Furthermore, by design, the LSTM does not require explicit definition of hydrological processes and derives its own structure from the provided data. The LSTM networks were able to clearly outperform the hydrological models in a leave-one-out cross-validation regionalization setting on most catchments in the study area, with the LSTM model outperforming the hydrological models in 93 % to 97 % of catchments depending on the hydrological model. Furthermore, for up to 78 % of the catchments, the LSTM model was able to predict streamflow more accurately on pseudo-ungauged catchments than hydrological models calibrated on the target data, showing that the LSTM model's structure was better suited to convert the meteorological data and geophysical descriptors into streamflow than the hydrological models even calibrated to those sites in these cases. Furthermore, the LSTM model robustness was tested by varying its hyperparameters, and still outperformed hydrological models in regionalization in almost all cases. Overall, LSTM networks have the potential to change the regionalization research landscape by providing clear improvement pathways over traditional methods in the field of streamflow prediction in ungauged catchments.

Published
2023
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41. U and Th content in magnetite and Al spinel obtained by wet chemistry and laser ablation methods: implication for (U–Th) ∕ He thermochronometer

Author

M. Corre, A. Agranier, M. Lanson, C. Gautheron, F. Brunet, and S. Schwartz

Subjects
Geology, QE1-996.5, Stratigraphy, QE640-699
Abstract

Magnetite and spinel thermochronological (U–Th) / He dates often display significantly dispersed values. In the present study, we investigated the contribution of analytical (and standardization) errors to this dispersion. U and Th content of magnetite (natural and synthetic) and natural Al spinel samples with U and Th concentrations between 0.02 and 116 µg g−1 were analyzed using both wet chemistry and in situ laser ablation sampling methods. New magnetite reference samples (NMA and NMB) were synthesized, consisting of U- and Th-doped nano-magnetite powders, whose U and Th concentrations were determined using a wet chemistry method (U and Th of NMA and NMB are ∼40 µg g−1 and ∼0.1 µg g−1, respectively). We show that, for both U and Th analyses, the reproducibility obtained with the wet chemistry protocol depends on the U and Th concentration. It is below 11 % for U–Th values higher than 0.4 µg g−1 and reaches 22 % for U–Th content lower than 0.1 µg g−1. This result implies that (U–Th) / He thermochronological ages cannot be more reproducible than 24 % for magnetite containing less than 0.1 µg g−1 of U and Th, thus explaining part of the natural ages variability. U and Th data obtained by laser ablation ICP-MS on natural magnetite and Al spinel samples were calibrated using both silicate glass standards and synthetic magnetite samples. The U and Th contents determined using NMA are consistent with those obtained by means of the wet chemistry method, but they are overestimated by 30 % when using the glass standard samples only. These results highlight the impact of the matrix effect on the determination of the U–Th content in magnetite. We thus recommend the use of a well-characterized magnetite reference for the calibration of the U–Th signals obtained by laser ablation. The scatter in the (U–Th) / He magnetite ages can be expected to be ∼20 % if the U and Th contents are determined by laser ablation. This level of precision is actually not significantly different from that obtained using the wet chemistry method, which paves the way for the use of laser ablation for determining (U–Th) / He ages. In the absence of a spinel reference for U and Th calibration using LA-ICP-MS, silicate glass references, along with NMA, were used. U and Th contents were found to be ∼30 % lower than the values obtained using wet chemistry. This discrepancy underlines the importance of using a standard with a composition close to that of the mineral of interest. Although magnetite and Al spinel have related crystal structures, the magnetite standard is not appropriate for U and Th analysis in Al spinel using LA-ICP-MS.

Published
2022
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42. Six-minute walking test predicts maximal fat oxidation in obese children

Author

M Elloumi, Y Trabelsi, Zouhair Tabka, Gérard Lac, W. Moalla, J F Brun, and Emna Makni

Subjects
Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Waist, Adolescent, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Medicine (miscellaneous), Walking, Body Mass Index, Oxygen Consumption, Predictive Value of Tests, Linear regression, Heart rate, Humans, Medicine, Obesity, Child, Exercise Tolerance, Nutrition and Dietetics, business.industry, Reproducibility of Results, Regression analysis, Anthropometry, Stepwise regression, medicine.disease, Cross-Sectional Studies, Exercise Test, Physical therapy, Female, business, Oxidation-Reduction, Body mass index
Abstract

Obesity is associated with reduced exercise maximal fat oxidation rate (FATmax), which is generally assessed by cardiopulmonary cycling test. The six-minute walking test (6MWT) presents an alternative method in patients.The aim of this study was to establish a practical reference equation facilitating the prediction of FATmax from the 6 MWT in obese children of both genders.This study is a cross-sectional study using mixed linear and multiple regression models.Anthropometric measurements were recorded and submaximal cycling test and 6 MWT conducted for 131 school-aged obese children, 68 boys and 63 girls. A multiple regression analysis for FATmax, including six-minute walking distance (6 MWD), anthropometric and cardiac parameters as the dependent variables, was performed for the two genders separately.Mean 6 MWD and FATmax were 564.9 ± 53.7 m and 126.5 ± 12.1 mg min(-1) for boys and 506.7 ± 55.0 m and 120.7 ± 10.0 mg min(-1) for girls, respectively. The 6MWD, body mass index, Z-score, fat-free mass, waist and hip circumferences (WC and HC), rest heart rate, and systolic and diastolic blood pressures were highly correlated with FATmax for both genders. There was a significant correlation between 6 MWD and FATmax in both boys and girls (r = 0.88 and r = 0.81, P0.001, respectively). Stepwise regression analyses revealed that the combinations of 6 MWD with HC for boys and 6MWD with WC for girls improved the predictability of the model (R(2) = 0.81 for boys and R(2) = 0.72 for girls; P0.001).In obese children, the 6MWT can be used to predict FATmax when formal test of exercise capacity and gas exchange analysis are unavailable or impractical. It is therefore possible to prescript targeted exercises at FATmax, without performing indirect calorimetry, just from a field test.

Published
2012

43. Increasing prevalence of transmitted drug resistance mutations and non-B subtype circulation in antiretroviral-naive chronically HIV-infected patients from 2001 to 2006/2007 in France

Author

Jacques Izopet, Jacqueline Cottalorda, Vincent Calvez, Charlotte Charpentier, Henia Saoudin, Georges Dos Santos, Mary-Anne Trabaud, Francis Barin, V. Calvez, Cécile Henquell, Delphine Desbois, C. Delaugerre, Slim Fourati, D. Bettinger, Thomas Bourlet, Anne Krivine, Bernard Masquelier, S. Vallet, M. Bouvier-Alias, Catherine Tamalet, B. Masquelier, S. Rogez, Coralie Pallier, J. C. Plantier, C. Charpentier, F. Barin, J. Cottalorda, A. Maillard, Alexandre Storto, G. DosSantos, Chakib Alloui, B. Montes, Marie-Laure Chaix, A. G. Marcelin, Anne Signori-Schmuck, D. Desbois, Anne-Geneviève Marcelin, Marie Laure Chaix, C. Tamalet, F. Brun-Vézinet, Françoise Brun-Vézinet, J. Izopet, Philippe Flandre, G. Anies, Anne Maillard, Diane Descamps, Patrice Andre, Jean-Claude Tardy, Dominique Costagliola, Brigitte Montes, Laurence Morand-Joubert, Annick Ruffault, Jean-Christophe Plantier, Sophie Pakianather, L. Morand-Joubert, and Constance Delaugerre

Subjects
Male, Microbiology (medical), Anti-HIV Agents, HIV Infections, Drug resistance, Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitor, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, HIV Protease, Drug Resistance, Viral, HIV Seropositivity, Prevalence, medicine, Humans, Pharmacology (medical), 030212 general & internal medicine, Pharmacology, 0303 health sciences, Reverse-transcriptase inhibitor, biology, 030306 microbiology, Proteolytic enzymes, biology.organism_classification, Virology, HIV Reverse Transcriptase, Reverse transcriptase, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, Chronic Disease, Mutation, Immunology, Lentivirus, HIV-1, Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors, Female, France, Viral disease, Viral load, medicine.drug
Abstract

Objectives: To estimate the prevalence of transmitted drug resistance mutations and non-B subtype circulation in antiretroviral-naive chronically HIV-1-infected patients in France. Methods: Resistance mutations were sought in samples from 530 newly diagnosed HIV-1-infected patients from October 2006 to March 2007. Protease and reverse transcriptase mutations were identified from the 2007 Stanford Resistance Surveillance list. Results: Reverse transcriptase and protease resistance mutations were determined in 466 patients with duration of seropositivity

Published
2010

44. Very high energy γ-ray observations of the binary PSR B1259–63/SS2883 around the 2007 Periastron

Author

A. A. Zdziarski, M. K. Daniel, Gavin Rowell, L. Venter, A. C. Clapson, M. C. Medina, T. J. L. McComb, Gilles Henri, Marek Sikora, W. Domainko, P. H. Tam, S. Rosier-Lees, P. Espigat, S. Schwemmer, Cameron B Rulten, Andrea Santangelo, Michal Dyrda, K. Katarzyński, M. Kerschhaggl, Michael Punch, Felix Aharonian, Guillaume Dubus, Jacek Niemiec, B. C. Raubenheimer, B. Giebels, A. R. Bazer-Bachi, F. Brun, O. Tibolla, A. Shalchi, D. Gerbig, M. Panter, J. L. Skilton, O. C. de Jager, S. Schwarzburg, D. Nedbal, M. Vivier, Karl Kosack, Christian Farnier, C. Stegmann, I. Jung, Stefan Wagner, Gisela Anton, Dieter Horns, Pierre Brun, Łukasz Stawarz, B. Rudak, Kathrin Egberts, G. Lamanna, B. Degrange, A. Cheesebrough, J. Dyks, Heinrich J. Völk, P. Vincent, I. D. Davids, Frank M. Rieger, D. Göring, David Maurin, S. Pita, V. Borrel, M. Tluczykont, Y. A. Gallant, Stefan Ohm, G. Coignet, J-F. Olive, Martin Ward, B. Behera, L. Rob, V. Sahakian, G. Vasileiadis, Rolf Bühler, Andreas Quirrenbach, J.-P. Tavernet, A. Hoffmann, J. F. Glicenstein, R. Kossakowski, F. M. Schöck, M. Paz Arribas, G. Heinzelmann, J. Bolmont, Ullrich Schwanke, M. Dalton, A. G. Akhperjanian, R. Steenkamp, G. Pedaletti, J.-P. Lenain, P. M. Chadwick, Francesca Volpe, B. Nicholas, Anna Szostek, F. Dubois, Konrad Bernlöhr, G. Superina, G. Pühlhofer, A. Fiasson, Timothé Boutelier, Emmanuel Moulin, Reinhard Schlickeiser, Hugh Dickinson, V. Marandon, Christo Venter, C. Jahn, U. F. Katz, A. Zech, A. Djannati-Ataï, M. Hauser, C. van Eldik, M. Holleran, M. Renaud, D. Hauser, D. Klochkov, Catherine Boisson, Rafal Moderski, Dimitrios Emmanoulopoulos, H. Sol, R. C. G. Chaves, S. M. Rayner, J. P. Vialle, P. Goret, Guy Pelletier, A. Förster, Martin Raue, S. Hoppe, A. Charbonnier, S. Heinz, L. O'c. Drury, M. Füßling, E. de Oña Wilhelmi, Sarah Kaufmann, L. Gérard, B. Glück, Nu. Komin, T. Bulik, Christoph Deil, T. Kneiske, I. Büsching, P.-O. Petrucci, L.-M. Chounet, Yvonne Becherini, D. Nekrassov, W. Kluźniak, A. Jacholkowska, G. Fontaine, S. J. Nolan, Jim Hinton, Dmitry Khangulyan, Thomas Lohse, Michał Ostrowski, K. J. Orford, J. Ripken, D. Keogh, Werner Hofmann, U. Barres de Almeida, F. Feinstein, Julien Masbou, Stefano Gabici, M. de Naurois, Alexandre Marcowith, O. Martineau-Huynh, B. Khélifi, G. Hermann, Regis Terrier, J. Ruppel, J. Brucker, D. Spangler, M. Naumann-Godo, F. Stinzing, A. Bochow, Centre d'étude spatiale des rayonnements (CESR), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Laboratoire Univers et Théories (LUTH (UMR_8102)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (LAOG), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP/Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), APC - Astrophysique des Hautes Energies (APC - AHE), Dipartimento di Astronomia, Universita degli Studi di Bologna, Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO)-Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO)-AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), PSL Research University (PSL)-PSL Research University (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Observatoire de Paris, Laboratoire de Physique Théorique et Astroparticules (LPTA), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), HESS, Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO), Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Dipartimento di Astronomia, Universita degli Studi di Bologna, and Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO)-Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna [Bologna] (UNIBO)

Subjects
[PHYS.ASTR.HE]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], observational [methods], Flux, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Spectral line, neutron [stars], Pulsar, 0103 physical sciences, Binary star, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astroparticle physics, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, [SDU.ASTR.HE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena [astro-ph.HE], binaries: general [stars], Gamma ray, observations [gamma rays], Astronomy, telescopes, Astronomy and Astrophysics, non-thermal [radiation mechanisms], Light curve, Neutron star, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science
Abstract

Aims. This article presents very-high-energy (VHE; E > 100 GeV) data from the $\gamma$-ray binary PSR B1259-63 as taken during the years 2005, 2006 and before as well as shortly after the 2007 periastron passage. These data extend the knowledge of the lightcurve of this object to all phases of the 3.4 year binary orbit. The lightcurve constrains physical mechanisms present in this TeV source. Methods. Observations of VHE $\gamma$-rays with the HESS telescope array using the Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Technique were performed. The HESS instrument features an angular resolution of < 0.1° and an energy resolution of < 20%. Gamma-ray events in an energy range of 0.5-70 TeV were recorded. From these data, energy spectra and lightcurve with a monthly time sampling were extracted. Results. VHE $\gamma$-ray emission from PSR B1259-63 was detected with an overall significance of 9.5 standard deviations using 55h of exposure, obtained from April to August 2007. The monthly flux of $\gamma$-rays during the observation period was measured, yielding VHE lightcurve data for the early pre-periastron phase of the system for the first time. No spectral variability was found on timescales of months. The spectrum is described by a power law with a photon index of $\Gamma$ = 2.8 $\pm$ 0.2stat $\pm$ 0.2sys and flux normalisation $\Phi_{0}$ = (1.1 $\pm$ 0.1stat $\pm$ 0.2sys) $\times$ 10-12 TeV-1 cm-2 s-1. PSR B1259-63 was also monitored in 2005 and 2006, far from periastron passage, comprising 8.9 h and 7.5 h of exposure, respectively. No significant excess of $\gamma$-rays is seen in those observations. Conclusions. PSR B1259-63 has been re-confirmed as a variable TeV $\gamma$-ray emitter. The firm detection of VHE photons emitted at a true anomaly $\theta$$\approx$-0.35 of the pulsar orbit, i.e. already ~50 days prior to the periastron passage, disfavors the stellar disc target scenario as a primary emission mechanism, based on current knowledge about the companion star's disc inclination, extension, and density profile. Results. VHE $\gamma$-ray emission from PSR B1259-63 was detected with an overall significance of 9.5 standard deviations using 55h of exposure, obtained from April to August 2007. The monthly flux of $\gamma$-rays during the observation period was measured, yielding VHE lightcurve data for the early pre-periastron phase of the system for the first time. No spectral variability was found on timescales of months. The spectrum is described by a power law with a photon index of $\Gamma$ = 2.8 $\pm$ 0.2stat $\pm$ 0.2sys and flux normalisation $\Phi_{0}$ = (1.1 $\pm$ 0.1stat $\pm$ 0.2sys) $\times$ 10-12 TeV-1 cm-2 s-1. PSR B1259-63 was also monitored in 2005 and 2006, far from periastron passage, comprising 8.9 h and 7.5 h of exposure, respectively. No significant excess of $\gamma$-rays is seen in those observations. Conclusions. PSR B1259-63 has been re-confirmed as a variable TeV $\gamma$-ray emitter. The firm detection of VHE photons emitted at a true anomaly $\theta$$\approx$-0.35 of the pulsar orbit, i.e. already ~50 days prior to the periastron passage, disfavors the stellar disc target scenario as a primary emission mechanism, based on current knowledge about the companion star's disc inclination, extension, and density profile.

Published
2009

45. Chronic antigenic stimuli as a possible explanation for the immunodepression caused by liver cirrhosis

Author

M. Márquez, C. Fernández-Gutiérrez, C. Rodríguez-Ramos, M. Montes-de-Oca, F. Brun, M. J. Blanco, and José A. Girón-González

Subjects
Liver Cirrhosis, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Cirrhosis, Translational Studies, Lymphocyte, Immunology, Lipopolysaccharide Receptors, Biology, Lymphocyte Activation, Monocytes, T-Lymphocyte Subsets, Lymphopenia, Internal medicine, Immune Tolerance, medicine, Humans, Immunology and Allergy, Prospective Studies, IL-2 receptor, Aged, CD86, Antigens, Bacterial, Membrane Glycoproteins, CD40, CD28, FOXP3, Macrophage Activation, Middle Aged, medicine.disease, Endocrinology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Bacterial Translocation, biology.protein, Female, Inflammation Mediators, Carrier Proteins, CD80, Acute-Phase Proteins
Abstract

SummaryThe objectives of this work were the analysis of the functional characteristics of circulating monocytes and T lymphocytes in patients with liver cirrhosis, and evaluation of the relationship with an increased exposure to antigens due to bacterial translocation. Forty patients with liver cirrhosis (20 with compensated cirrhosis and 20 with ascitic decompensation) and 20 healthy control subjects were studied. Bacterial translocation was evaluated by serum levels of lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP). Macrophage activation was studied by CD40 antigen expression. T lymphocytes were analysed for activation (CD25+, CD122+), effector function (CD8+CD45RO+CD57+), apoptosis (CD95+) and regulatory abilities, either by analysis of the membrane expression of co-stimulatory molecules CD80, CD86 and CD28, or by quantification of regulatory T cells CD4+CD25highforkhead box P3 (FoxP3). The percentage of activated monocytes and T lymphocytes in patients was increased significantly. The proportions of effector senescent cells and of those near to apoptosis were also significantly higher. With respect to these proportions, there were no significant differences between patients in function of the presence or absence of decompensation or in function of the increased or normal values of LBP. Conversely, those patients with elevated levels of LBP presented a significantly higher frequency of regulatory T cells than those with normal levels. In conclusion, patients with liver cirrhosis showed an intensive activation state with a higher percentage of cells committed to activation-induced death, even in non-advanced stages. It is possible that bacterial permeability and endotoxaemia contribute to the expansion of those lymphocyte populations implicated in the prevention of a more severe antigen-induced immunopathology.

Published
2009

46. COMODORE V2007: Assessment doses for the public from atmospheric and liquid discharges

Author

F. Brun, D. Kerouanton, G. Perrier, P. Devin, A. Giordanetto, C. Bernard, L. Delgove, J. Petit, and F. Garnier

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Waste management, Operations research, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, business.industry, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, chemistry.chemical_element, Uranium, Hazard, Radioecology, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, chemistry, Radiological weapon, medicine, South east, Environmental science, Radiation protection, Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality, business, Waste Management and Disposal
Abstract

Protecting the environment and the public from radioactive hazard is a top priority for all companies operating in the nuclear domain. In order to quantify dose impact on members of the public due to annual discharges of its nuclear installations, AREVA developed the COMODORE code in collaboration with Institute of Radiation Protection and Nuclear Safety (IRSN).COMODORE is a synthesis of 3 softwares validated by IRSN (ACADIE, COTRAM and AQUAREJ). ACADIE is a code elaborated by IRSN and the Treatment Business Unit of AREVA synthesizing the works of the GRNC (Nord-Cotentin Radioecology Group) created by the French government to deal with the estimation of exposure levels to ionizing radiation and associated risks of leukemia for populations in the Nord-Cotentin. COMODORE is a version of ACADIE designed to be adaptable to any other AREVA site. Thus, the operators of the south east of France (Pierrelatte, Marcoule and Romans sites) carried out the adaptation of COMODORE for theirs specificities (for instance, uranium in the terrestrial model).At the moment, COMODORE is used in routine by the AREVA operators to assess the annual dosimetric impact and is also being adapted with SGN to model the radiological impact of uranium ore treatment residues repositories.

Published
2009

47. Search for new physics in events with same-sign dileptons and jets in pp collisions at root s = 8 TeV (vol 01, pg 163, 2014)

Author

Chatrchyan, S. Khachatryan, V. Sirunyan, A. M. Tumasyan, A. and Adam, W. Bergauer, T. Dragicevic, M. Eroe, J. and Fabjan, C. Friedl, M. Fruehwirth, R. Ghete, V. M. Hartl, C. Hoermann, N. Hrubec, J. Jeitler, M. Kiesenhofer, W. and Knuenz, V. Krammer, M. Kraetschmer, I. Liko, D. and Mikulec, I. Rabady, D. Rahbaran, B. Rohringer, H. and Schoefbeck, R. Strauss, J. Taurok, A. Treberer-Treberspurg, W. Waltenberger, W. Wulz, C. -E. Mossolov, V. Shumeiko, N. Gonzalez, J. Suarez Alderweireldt, S. Bansal, M. and Bansal, S. Cornelis, T. De Wolf, E. A. Janssen, X. and Knutsson, A. Luyckx, S. Mucibello, L. Ochesanu, S. and Roland, B. Rougny, R. Van Haevermaet, H. Van Mechelen, P. and Van Remortel, N. Van Spilbeeck, A. Blekman, F. Blyweert, S. D'Hondt, J. Heracleous, N. Kalogeropoulos, A. and Keaveney, J. Kim, T. J. Lowette, S. Maes, M. Olbrechts, A. Strom, D. Tavernier, S. Van Doninck, W. Van Mulders, P. Van Onsem, G. P. Villella, I. Caillol, C. Clerbaux, B. De Lentdecker, G. Favart, L. Gay, A. P. R. Hreus, T. and Leonard, A. Marage, P. E. Mohammadi, A. Pernie, L. and Reis, T. Seva, T. Thomas, L. Vander Velde, C. Vanlaer, P. Wang, J. Adler, V. Beernaert, K. Benucci, L. and Cimmino, A. Costantini, S. Dildick, S. Garcia, G. Klein, B. Lellouch, J. Mccartin, J. Rios, A. A. Ocampo and Ryckbosch, D. Sigamani, M. Strobbe, N. Thyssen, F. and Tytgat, M. Walsh, S. Yazgan, E. Zaganidis, N. Basegmez, S. Beluffi, C. Bruno, G. Castello, R. Caudron, A. and Ceard, L. Da Silveira, G. G. Delaere, C. du Pree, T. and Favart, D. Forthomme, L. Giammanco, A. Hollar, J. Jez, P. Komm, M. Lemaitre, V. Liao, J. Militaru, O. and Nuttens, C. Pagano, D. Pin, A. Piotrzkowski, K. Popov, A. Quertenmont, L. Selvaggi, M. Marono, M. Vidal Garcia, J. M. Vizan Beliy, N. Caebergs, T. Daubie, E. Hammad, G. H. Alves, G. A. Correa Martins Junior, M. Martins, T. and Pol, M. E. Souza, M. H. G. Alda Junior, W. L. Carvalho, W. and Chinellato, J. Custodio, A. Da Costa, E. M. De Jesus Damiao, D. De Oliveira Martins, C. De Souza, S. Fonseca and Malbouisson, H. Malek, M. Figueiredo, D. Matos Mundim, L. and Nogima, H. Prado Da Silva, W. L. Santaolalla, J. and Santoro, A. Sznajder, A. Tonelli Manganote, E. J. Pereira, A. Vilela Bernardes, C. A. Dias, F. A. Fernandez Perez Tomei, T. R. Gregores, E. M. Lagana, C. Mercadante, P. G. and Novaes, S. F. Padula, Sandra S. Genchev, V. Iaydjiev, P. and Marinov, A. Piperov, S. Rodozov, M. Sultanov, G. and Vutova, M. Dimitrov, A. Glushkov, I. Hadjiiska, R. and Kozhuharov, V. Litov, L. Pavlov, B. Petkov, P. Bian, J. G. Chen, G. M. Chen, H. S. Chen, M. Du, R. Jiang, C. H. Liang, D. Liang, S. Meng, X. Plestina, R. Tao, J. and Wang, X. Wang, Z. Asawatangtrakuldee, C. Ban, Y. and Guo, Y. Li, Q. Li, W. Liu, S. Mao, Y. Qian, S. J. and Wang, D. Zhang, L. Zou, W. Avila, C. Carrillo Montoya, C. A. Chaparro Sierra, L. F. Florez, C. Gomez, J. P. Moreno, B. Gomez Sanabria, J. C. Godinovic, N. Lelas, D. Polic, D. Puljak, I. Antunovic, Z. Kovac, M. and Brigljevic, V. Kadija, K. Luetic, J. Mekterovic, D. and Morovic, S. Tikvica, L. Attikis, A. Mavromanolakis, G. and Mousa, J. Nicolaou, C. Ptochos, F. Razis, P. A. Finger, M. Finger, Jr., M. Abdelalim, A. A. Assran, Y. Elgammal, S. Kamel, A. Ellithi Mahmoud, M. A. Radi, A. Kadastik, M. Muentel, M. Murumaa, M. Raidal, M. Rebane, L. and Tiko, A. Eerola, P. Fedi, G. Voutilainen, M. Harkonen, J. Karimaki, V. Kinnunen, R. Kortelainen, M. J. Lampen, T. Lassila-Perini, K. Lehti, S. Linden, T. Luukka, P. and Maenpaa, T. Peltola, T. Tuominen, E. Tuominiemi, J. and Tuovinen, E. Wendland, L. Tuuva, T. Besancon, M. and Couderc, F. Dejardin, M. Denegri, D. Fabbro, B. Faure, J. L. Ferri, F. Ganjour, S. Givernaud, A. Gras, P. and de Monchenault, G. Hamel Jarry, P. Locci, E. Malcles, J. and Nayak, A. Rander, J. Rosowsky, A. Titov, M. Baffioni, S. and Beaudette, F. Busson, P. Charlot, C. Daci, N. Dahms, T. Dalchenko, M. Dobrzynski, L. Florent, A. de Cassagnac, R. Granier Haguenauer, M. Mine, P. Mironov, C. and Naranjo, I. N. Nguyen, M. Ochando, C. Paganini, P. and Sabes, D. Salerno, R. Sirois, Y. Veelken, C. Yilmaz, Y. and Zabi, A. Agram, J. -L. Andrea, J. Bloch, D. Brom, J. -M. Chabert, E. C. Collard, C. Conte, E. Drouhin, F. and Fontaine, J. -C. Gele, D. Goerlach, U. Goetzmann, C. and Juillot, P. Le Bihan, A. -C. Van Hove, P. Gadrat, S. and Beauceron, S. Beaupere, N. Boudoul, G. Brochet, S. and Chasserat, J. Chierici, R. Contardo, D. Depasse, P. El Mamouni, H. Fan, J. Fay, J. Gascon, S. Gouzevitch, M. and Ille, B. Kurca, T. Lethuillier, M. Mirabito, L. and Perries, S. Alvarez, J. D. Ruiz Sgandurra, L. Sordini, V. and Vander Donckt, M. Verdier, P. Viret, S. Xiao, H. and Rurua, L. Autermann, C. Beranek, S. Bontenackels, M. and Calpas, B. Edelhoff, M. Feld, L. Hindrichs, O. Klein, K. and Ostapchuk, A. Perieanu, A. Raupach, F. Sammet, J. and Schael, S. Sprenger, D. Weber, H. Wittmer, B. Zhukov, V. and Ata, M. Caudron, J. Dietz-Laursonn, E. Duchardt, D. and Erdmann, M. Fischer, R. Gueth, A. Hebbeker, T. and Heidemann, C. Hoepfner, K. Klingebiel, D. Knutzen, S. and Kreuzer, P. Merschmeyer, M. Meyer, A. Olschewski, M. and Padeken, K. Papacz, P. Pieta, H. Reithler, H. Schmitz, S. A. Sonnenschein, L. Teyssier, D. Thueer, S. Weber, M. and Cherepanov, V. Erdogan, Y. Fluegge, G. Geenen, H. and Geisler, M. Ahmad, W. Haj Hoehle, F. Kargoll, B. Kress, T. Kuessel, Y. Lingemann, J. Nowack, A. Nugent, I. M. and Perchalla, L. Pooth, O. Stahl, A. Asin, I. Bartosik, N. Behr, J. Behrenhoff, W. Behrens, U. Bell, A. J. and Bergholz, M. Bethani, A. Borras, K. Burgmeier, A. Cakir, A. Calligaris, L. Campbell, A. Choudhury, S. Costanza, F. Pardos, C. Diez Dooling, S. Dorland, T. Eckerlin, G. and Eckstein, D. Eichhorn, T. Flucke, G. Geiser, A. and Grebenyuk, A. Gunnellini, P. Habib, S. Hauk, J. Hellwig, G. Hempel, M. Horton, D. Jung, H. Kasemann, M. and Katsas, P. Kleinwort, C. Kluge, H. Kraemer, M. Kruecker, D. Lange, W. Leonard, J. Lipka, K. Lohmann, W. Lutz, B. Mankel, R. Marfin, I. Melzer-Pellmann, I. -A. Meyer, A. B. Mnich, J. Mussgiller, A. Naumann-Emme, S. and Novgorodova, O. Nowak, F. Olzem, J. Perrey, H. and Petrukhin, A. Pitzl, D. Placakyte, R. Raspereza, A. and Cipriano, P. M. Ribeiro Riedl, C. Ron, E. Sahin, M. O. and Salfeld-Nebgen, J. Schmidt, R. Schoerner-Sadenius, T. and Schroeder, M. Sen, N. Stein, M. Trevino, A. D. R. Vargas and Walsh, R. Wissing, C. Martin, M. Aldaya Blobel, V. and Enderle, H. Erfle, J. Garutti, E. Goerner, M. Gosselink, M. Haller, J. Heine, K. Hoeing, R. S. Kirschenmann, H. and Klanner, R. Kogler, R. Lange, J. Marchesini, I. Ott, J. Peiffer, T. Pietsch, N. Rathjens, D. Sander, C. and Schettler, H. Schleper, P. Schlieckau, E. Schmidt, A. and Schum, T. Seidel, M. Sibille, J. Sola, V. Stadie, H. and Steinbrueck, G. Troendle, D. Usai, E. Vanelderen, L. and Barth, C. Baus, C. Berger, J. Boeser, C. Butz, E. and Chwalek, T. De Boer, W. Descroix, A. Dierlamm, A. and Feindt, M. Guthoff, M. Hartmann, F. Hauth, T. Held, H. and Hoffmann, K. H. Husemann, U. Katkov, I. Kornmayer, A. and Kuznetsova, E. Pardo, P. Lobelle Martschei, D. Mozer, M. U. Mueller, Th. Niegel, M. Nuernberg, A. Oberst, O. and Quast, G. Rabbertz, K. Ratnikov, F. Roecker, S. and Schilling, F. -P. Schott, G. Simonis, H. J. Stober, F. M. and Ulrich, R. Wagner-Kuhr, J. Wayand, S. Weiler, T. and Wolf, R. Zeise, M. Anagnostou, G. Daskalakis, G. and Geralis, T. Kesisoglou, S. Kyriakis, A. Loukas, D. and Markou, A. Markou, C. Ntomari, E. Topsis-giotis, I. and Gouskos, L. Panagiotou, A. Saoulidou, N. Stiliaris, E. and Aslanoglou, X. Evangelou, I. Flouris, G. Foudas, C. and Kokkas, P. Manthos, N. Papadopoulos, I. Paradas, E. and Bencze, G. Hajdu, C. Hidas, P. Horvath, D. Sikler, F. and Veszpremi, V. Vesztergombi, G. Zsigmond, A. J. Beni, N. and Czellar, S. Molnar, J. Palinkas, J. Szillasi, Z. and Karancsi, J. Raics, P. Trocsanyi, Z. L. Ujvari, B. and Swain, S. K. Beri, S. B. Bhatnagar, V. Dhingra, N. and Gupta, R. Kaur, M. Mehta, M. Z. Mittal, M. Nishu, N. and Sharma, A. Singh, J. B. Kumar, Ashok Kumar, Arun Ahuja, S. Bhardwaj, A. Choudhary, B. C. Kumar, A. Malhotra, S. and Naimuddin, M. Ranjan, K. Saxena, P. Sharma, V. and Shivpuri, R. K. Banerjee, S. Bhattacharya, S. Chatterjee, K. and Dutta, S. Gomber, B. Jain, Sa. Jain, Sh. Khurana, R. and Modak, A. Mukherjee, S. Roy, D. Sarkar, S. Sharan, M. Singh, A. P. Abdulsalam, A. Dutta, D. Kailas, S. and Kumar, V. Mohanty, A. K. Pant, L. M. Shukla, P. Topkar, A. Aziz, T. Chatterjee, R. M. Ganguly, S. Ghosh, S. and Guchait, M. Gurtu, A. Kole, G. Kumar, S. Maity, M. and Majumder, G. Mazumdar, K. Mohanty, G. B. Parida, B. and Sudhakar, K. Wickramage, N. Banerjee, S. Dugad, S. and Arfaei, H. Bakhshiansohi, H. Behnamian, H. Etesami, S. M. and Fahim, A. Jafari, A. Khakzad, M. Najafabadi, M. Mohammadi Naseri, M. Mehdiabadi, S. Paktinat Safarzadeh, B. and Zeinali, M. Grunewald, M. Abbrescia, M. Barbone, L. and Calabria, C. Chhibra, S. S. Colaleo, A. Creanza, D. De Filippis, N. De Palma, M. Fiore, L. Iaselli, G. Maggi, G. Maggi, M. Marangelli, B. My, S. Nuzzo, S. and Pacifico, N. Pompili, A. Pugliese, G. Radogna, R. and Selvaggi, G. Silvestris, L. Singh, G. Venditti, R. and Verwilligen, P. Zito, G. Abbiendi, G. Benvenuti, A. C. and Bonacorsi, D. Braibant-Giacomelli, S. Brigliadori, L. and Campanini, R. Capiluppi, P. Castro, A. Cavallo, F. R. and Codispoti, G. Cuffiani, M. Dallavalle, G. M. Fabbri, F. and Fanfani, A. Fasanella, D. Giacomelli, P. Grandi, C. and Guiducci, L. Marcellini, S. Masetti, G. Meneghelli, M. and Montanari, A. Navarria, F. L. Odorici, F. Perrotta, A. and Primavera, F. Rossi, A. M. Rovelli, T. Siroli, G. P. and Tosi, N. Travaglini, R. Albergo, S. Cappello, G. and Chiorboli, M. Costa, S. Giordano, F. Potenza, R. and Tricomi, A. Tuve, C. Barbagli, G. Ciulli, V. Civinini, C. D'Alessandro, R. Focardi, E. Gallo, E. Gonzi, S. and Gori, V. Lenzi, P. Meschini, M. Paoletti, S. Sguazzoni, G. Tropiano, A. Benussi, L. Bianco, S. Fabbri, F. and Piccolo, D. Fabbricatore, P. Ferretti, R. Ferro, F. Lo Vetere, M. Musenich, R. Robutti, E. Tosi, S. Benaglia, A. Dinardo, M. E. Fiorendi, S. Gennai, S. Ghezzi, A. and Govoni, P. Lucchini, M. T. Malvezzi, S. Manzoni, R. A. and Martelli, A. Menasce, D. Moroni, L. Paganoni, M. and Pedrini, D. Ragazzi, S. Redaelli, N. de Fatis, T. Tabarelli and Buontempo, S. Cavallo, N. Fabozzi, F. Iorio, A. O. M. and Lista, L. Meola, S. Merola, M. Paolucci, P. Azzi, P. and Bacchetta, N. Bisello, D. Branca, A. Carlin, R. and Checchia, P. Dorigo, T. Dosselli, U. Galanti, M. and Gasparini, F. Gasparini, U. Giubilato, P. Gozzelino, A. and Kanishchev, K. Lacaprara, S. Lazzizzera, I. Margoni, M. and Meneguzzo, A. T. Passaseo, M. Pazzini, J. Pegoraro, M. and Pozzobon, N. Ronchese, P. Simonetto, F. Torassa, E. and Tosi, M. Vanini, S. Zotto, P. Zucchetta, A. Zumerle, G. and Gabusi, M. Ratti, S. P. Riccardi, C. Vitulo, P. and Biasini, M. Bilei, G. M. Fano, L. Lariccia, P. and Mantovani, G. Menichelli, M. Nappi, A. Romeo, F. Saha, A. Santocchia, A. Spiezia, A. Androsov, K. Azzurri, P. and Bagliesi, G. Bernardini, J. Boccali, T. Broccolo, G. and Castaldi, R. Ciocci, M. A. Dell'Orso, R. Fiori, F. Foa, L. Giassi, A. Grippo, M. T. Kraan, A. Ligabue, F. and Lomtadze, T. Martini, L. Messineo, A. Moon, C. S. Palla, F. Rizzi, A. Savoy-Navarro, A. Serban, A. T. Spagnolo, P. Squillacioti, P. Tenchini, R. Tonelli, G. Venturi, A. and Verdini, P. G. Vernieri, C. Barone, L. Cavallari, F. and Del Re, D. Diemoz, M. Grassi, M. Jorda, C. Longo, E. and Margaroli, F. Meridiani, P. Micheli, F. Nourbakhsh, S. and Organtini, G. Paramatti, R. Rahatlou, S. Rovelli, C. and Soffi, L. Traczyk, P. Amapane, N. Arcidiacono, R. and Argiro, S. Arneodo, M. Bellan, R. Biino, C. Cartiglia, N. Casasso, S. Costa, M. Degano, A. Demaria, N. and Mariotti, C. Maselli, S. Migliore, E. Monaco, V. Musich, M. Obertino, M. M. Ortona, G. Pacher, L. Pastrone, N. and Pelliccioni, M. Potenza, A. Romero, A. Ruspa, M. and Sacchi, R. Solano, A. Staiano, A. Tamponi, U. Belforte, S. Candelise, V. Casarsa, M. Cossutti, F. Della Ricca, G. Gobbo, B. La Licata, C. Marone, M. Montanino, D. and Penzo, A. Schizzi, A. Umer, T. Zanetti, A. Chang, S. and Kim, T. Y. Nam, S. K. Kim, D. H. Kim, G. N. Kim, J. E. and Kong, D. J. Lee, S. Oh, Y. D. Park, H. Son, D. C. and Kim, J. Y. Kim, Zero J. Song, S. Choi, S. Gyun, D. and Hong, B. Jo, M. Kim, H. Kim, Y. Lee, K. S. Park, S. K. Roh, Y. Choi, M. Kim, J. H. Park, C. Park, I. C. Park, S. Ryu, G. Choi, Y. Choi, Y. K. Goh, J. and Kim, M. S. Kwon, E. Lee, B. Lee, J. Lee, S. Seo, H. and Yu, I. Grigelionis, I. Juodagalvis, A. Castilla-Valdez, H. De La Cruz-Burelo, E. Heredia-de La Cruz, I. and Lopez-Fernandez, R. Martinez-Ortega, J. Sanchez-Hernandez, A. and Villasenor-Cendejas, L. M. Carrillo Moreno, S. Vazquez Valencia, F. Salazar Ibarguen, H. A. Casimiro Linares, E. and Morelos Pineda, A. Krofcheck, D. Butler, P. H. Doesburg, R. and Reucroft, S. Silverwood, H. Ahmad, M. Asghar, M. I. and Butt, J. Hoorani, H. R. Khalid, S. Khan, W. A. Khurshid, T. Qazi, S. Shah, M. A. Shoaib, M. Bialkowska, H. and Bluj, M. Boimska, B. Frueboes, T. Gorski, M. Kazana, M. and Nawrocki, K. Romanowska-Rybinska, K. Szleper, M. and Wrochna, G. Zalewski, P. Brona, G. Bunkowski, K. Cwiok, M. Dominik, W. Doroba, K. Kalinowski, A. Konecki, M. and Krolikowski, J. Misiura, M. Wolszczak, W. Bargassa, P. and Da Cruz E Silva, C. Beirao Faccioli, P. Ferreira Parracho, P. G. and Gallinaro, M. Nguyen, F. Antunes, J. Rodrigues Seixas, J. Varela, J. Vischia, P. Afanasiev, S. Golutvin, I. and Gorbunov, I. Kamenev, A. Karjavin, V. Konoplyanikov, V. and Kozlov, G. Lanev, A. Malakhov, A. Matveev, V. Moisenz, P. Palichik, V. Perelygin, V. Savina, M. Shmatov, S. and Skatchkov, N. Smirnov, V. Zarubin, A. Golovtsov, V. and Ivanov, Y. Kim, V. Levchenko, P. Murzin, V. Oreshkin, V. and Smirnov, I. Sulimov, V. Uvarov, L. Vavilov, S. and Vorobyev, A. Vorobyev, An Andreev, Yu. Dermenev, A. and Gninenko, S. Golubev, N. Kirsanov, M. Krasnikov, N. and Pashenkov, A. Tlisov, D. Toropin, A. Epshteyn, V. and Gavrilov, V. Lychkovskaya, N. Popov, V. Safronov, G. and Semenov, S. Spiridonov, A. Stolin, V. Vlasov, E. Zhokin, A. Andreev, V. Azarkin, M. Dremin, I. Kirakosyan, M. and Leonidov, A. Mesyats, G. Rusakov, S. V. Vinogradov, A. and Belyaev, A. Boos, E. Bunichev, V. Dubinin, M. Dudko, L. and Ershov, A. Gribushin, A. Klyukhin, V. Kodolova, O. and Lokhtin, I. Markina, A. Obraztsov, S. Petrushanko, S. and Savrin, V. Azhgirey, I. Bayshev, I. Bitioukov, S. and Kachanov, V. Kalinin, A. Konstantinov, D. Krychkine, V. and Petrov, V. Ryutin, R. Sobol, A. Tourtchanovitch, L. and Troshin, S. Tyurin, N. Uzunian, A. Volkov, A. Adzic, P. and Djordjevic, M. Ekmedzic, M. Milosevic, J. and Aguilar-Benitez, M. Alcaraz Maestre, J. Battilana, C. Calvo, E. Cerrada, M. Chamizo Llatas, M. Colino, N. De La Cruz, B. Delgado Peris, A. Dominguez Vazquez, D. Fernandez Bedoya, C. Fernandez Ramos, J. P. Ferrando, A. Flix, J. Fouz, M. C. Garcia-Abia, P. Gonzalez Lopez, O. Goy Lopez, S. and Hernandez, J. M. Josa, M. I. Merino, G. Navarro De Martino, E. Puerta Pelayo, J. Quintario Olmeda, A. Redondo, I. and Romero, L. Soares, M. S. Willmott, C. Albajar, C. de Troconiz, J. F. Brun, H. Cuevas, J. Fernandez Menendez, J. and Folgueras, S. Gonzalez Caballero, I. Lloret Iglesias, L. and Brochero Cifuentes, J. A. Cabrillo, I. J. Calderon, A. and Chuang, S. H. Duarte Campderros, J. Fernandez, M. Gomez, G. and Gonzalez Sanchez, J. Graziano, A. Lopez Virto, A. Marco, J. Marco, R. Martinez Rivero, C. Matorras, F. Munoz Sanchez, F. J. Piedra Gomez, J. Rodrigo, T. and Rodriguez-Marrero, A. Y. Ruiz-Jimeno, A. Scodellaro, L. and Vila, I. Cortabitarte, R. Vilar Abbaneo, D. Auffray, E. and Auzinger, G. Bachtis, M. Baillon, P. Ball, A. H. Barney, D. Bendavid, J. Benhabib, L. Benitez, J. F. Bernet, C. and Bianchi, G. Bloch, P. Bocci, A. Bonato, A. Bondu, O. and Botta, C. Breuker, H. Camporesi, T. Cerminara, G. and Christiansen, T. Perez, J. A. Coarasa Colafranceschi, S. and D'Alfonso, M. d'Enterria, D. Dabrowski, A. David, A. De Guio, F. De Roeck, A. De Visscher, S. Di Guida, S. and Dobson, M. Dupont-Sagorin, N. Elliott-Peisert, A. Eugster, J. Franzoni, G. Funk, W. Giffels, M. Gigi, D. Gill, K. Girone, M. Giunta, M. Glege, F. Garrido, R. Gomez-Reino Gowdy, S. Guida, R. Hammer, J. Hansen, M. and Harris, P. Hinzmann, A. Innocente, V. Janot, P. and Karavakis, E. Kousouris, K. Krajczar, K. Lecoq, P. Lee, Y. -J. Lourenco, C. Magini, N. Malgeri, L. Mannelli, M. and Masetti, L. Meijers, F. Mersi, S. Meschi, E. and Moortgat, F. Mulders, M. Musella, P. Orsini, L. and Cortezon, E. Palencia Perez, E. Perrozzi, L. Petrilli, A. and Petrucciani, G. Pfeiffer, A. Pierini, M. Pimiae, M. and Piparo, D. Plagge, M. Racz, A. Reece, W. Rolandi, G. and Rovere, M. Sakulin, H. Santanastasio, F. Schaefer, C. and Schwick, C. Sekmen, S. Sharma, A. Siegrist, P. Silva, P. and Simon, M. Sphicas, P. Steggemann, J. Stieger, B. and Stoye, M. Tsirou, A. Veres, G. I. Vlimant, J. R. Woehri, H. K. Zeuner, W. D. Bertl, W. Deiters, K. Erdmann, W. and Gabathuler, K. Horisberger, R. Ingram, Q. Kaestli, H. C. and Koenig, S. Kotlinski, D. Langenegger, U. Renker, D. and Rohe, T. Bachmair, F. Baeni, L. Bianchini, L. Bortignon, P. Buchmann, M. A. Casal, B. Chanon, N. Deisher, A. and Dissertori, G. Dittmar, M. Donega, M. Duenser, M. Eller, P. Grab, C. Hits, D. Lustermann, W. Mangano, B. and Marini, A. C. del Arbol, P. Martinez Ruiz Meister, D. Mohr, N. Naegeli, C. Nef, P. Nessi-Tedaldi, F. Pandolfi, F. and Pape, L. Pauss, F. Peruzzi, M. Quittnat, M. Ronga, F. J. Rossini, M. Sala, L. Starodumov, A. Takahashi, M. and Tauscher, L. Theofilatos, K. Treille, D. Wallny, R. and Weber, H. A. Amsler, C. Chiochia, V. De Cosa, A. Favaro, C. Rikova, M. Ivova Kilminster, B. Mejias, B. Millan and Ngadiuba, J. Robmann, P. Snoek, H. Taroni, S. Verzetti, M. Yang, Y. Cardaci, M. Chen, K. H. Ferro, C. Kuo, C. M. Li, S. W. Lin, W. Lu, Y. J. Volpe, R. Yu, S. S. Bartalini, P. Chang, P. Chang, Y. H. Chang, Y. W. and Chao, Y. Chen, K. F. Dietz, C. Grundler, U. Hou, W. -S. and Hsiung, Y. Kao, K. Y. Lei, Y. J. Liu, Y. F. Lu, R. -S. Majumder, D. Petrakou, E. Shi, X. Shiu, J. G. and Tzeng, Y. M. Wang, M. Wilken, R. Asavapibhop, B. and Suwonjandee, N. Adiguzel, A. Bakirci, M. N. Cerci, S. and Dozen, C. Dumanoglu, I. Eskut, E. Girgis, S. Gokbulut, G. Gurpinar, E. Hos, I. Kangal, E. E. Topaksu, A. Kayis and Onengut, G. Ozdemir, K. Ozturk, S. Polatoz, A. and Sogut, K. Cerci, D. Sunar Tali, B. Topakli, H. Vergili, M. Akin, I. V. Aliev, T. Bilin, B. Bilmis, S. Deniz, M. Gamsizkan, H. Guler, A. M. Karapinar, G. Ocalan, K. and Ozpineci, A. Serin, M. Sever, R. Surat, U. E. and Yalvac, M. Zeyrek, M. Gulmez, E. Isildak, B. Kaya, M. and Kaya, O. Ozkorucuklu, S. Sonmez, N. Bahtiyar, H. and Barlas, E. Cankocak, K. Gunaydin, Y. O. Vardarli, F. I. and Yucel, M. Levchuk, L. Sorokin, P. Brooke, J. J. Clement, E. Cussans, D. Flacher, H. Frazier, R. 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Vazquez Virdee, T. Wakefield, S. and Wardle, N. Cole, J. E. Hobson, P. R. Khan, A. Kyberd, P. and Leggat, D. Leslie, D. Martin, W. Reid, I. D. and Symonds, P. Teodorescu, L. Turner, M. Dittmann, J. and Hatakeyama, K. Kasmi, A. Liu, H. Scarborough, T. Charaf, O. Cooper, S. I. Henderson, C. Rumerio, P. Avetisyan, A. and Bose, T. Fantasia, C. Heister, A. Lawson, P. Lazic, D. Rohlf, J. Sperka, D. John, J. St. Sulak, L. and Alimena, J. Bhattacharya, S. Christopher, G. Cutts, D. and Demiragli, Z. Ferapontov, A. Garabedian, A. Heintz, U. and Jabeen, S. Kukartsev, G. Laird, E. Landsberg, G. Luk, M. and Narain, M. Segala, M. Sinthuprasith, T. Speer, T. and Breedon, R. Breto, G. Sanchez, M. Calderon De La Barca and Chauhan, S. Chertok, M. Conway, J. Conway, R. Cox, P. T. and Erbacher, R. Gardner, M. Ko, W. Kopecky, A. Lander, R. Miceli, T. Pellett, D. Pilot, J. Ricci-Tam, F. and Rutherford, B. Searle, M. Shalhout, S. Smith, J. and Squires, M. Tripathi, M. Wilbur, S. Yohay, R. Andreev, V. Cline, D. Cousins, R. Erhan, S. Everaerts, P. and Farrell, C. Felcini, M. Hauser, J. Ignatenko, M. Jarvis, C. Rakness, G. Schlein, P. Takasugi, E. Valuev, V. and Weber, M. Babb, J. Clare, R. Ellison, J. Gary, J. W. and Hanson, G. Heilman, J. Jandir, P. Lacroix, F. Liu, H. and Long, O. R. Luthra, A. Malberti, M. Nguyen, H. and Shrinivas, A. Sturdy, J. Sumowidagdo, S. Wimpenny, S. and Andrews, W. Branson, J. G. Cerati, G. B. Cittolin, S. and D'Agnolo, R. T. Evans, D. Holzner, A. Kelley, R. and Kovalskyi, D. Lebourgeois, M. Letts, J. Macneill, I. and Padhi, S. Palmer, C. Pieri, M. Sani, M. Sharma, V. and Simon, S. Sudano, E. Tadel, M. Tu, Y. Vartak, A. and Wasserbaech, S. Wuerthwein, F. Yagil, A. Yoo, J. Barge, D. Campagnari, C. Danielson, T. Flowers, K. Geffert, P. and George, C. Golf, F. Incandela, J. Justus, C. and Villalba, R. Magana Mccoll, N. Pavlunin, V. Richman, J. and Rossin, R. Stuart, D. To, W. West, C. Apresyan, A. and Bornheim, A. Bunn, J. Chen, Y. Di Marco, E. Duarte, J. and Kcira, D. Ma, Y. Mott, A. Newman, H. B. Pena, C. and Rogan, C. Spiropulu, M. Timciuc, V. Wilkinson, R. Xie, S. Zhu, R. Y. Azzolini, V. Calamba, A. Carroll, R. and Ferguson, T. Iiyama, Y. Jang, D. W. Paulini, M. Russ, J. and Vogel, H. Vorobiev, I. Cumalat, J. P. Drell, B. R. and Ford, W. T. Gaz, A. Lopez, E. Luiggi Nauenberg, U. and Smith, J. G. Stenson, K. Ulmer, K. A. Wagner, S. R. and Alexander, J. Chatterjee, A. Eggert, N. Gibbons, L. K. and Hopkins, W. Khukhunaishvili, A. Kreis, B. Mirman, N. and Kaufman, G. Nicolas Patterson, J. R. Ryd, A. Salvati, E. and Sun, W. Teo, W. D. Thom, J. Thompson, J. Tucker, J. and Weng, Y. Winstrom, L. Wittich, P. Winn, D. Abdullin, S. and Albrow, M. Anderson, J. Apollinari, G. Bauerdick, L. A. T. Beretvas, A. Berryhill, J. Bhat, P. C. Burkett, K. and Butler, J. N. Chetluru, V. Cheung, H. W. K. Chlebana, F. and Cihangir, S. Elvira, V. D. Fisk, I. Freeman, J. Gao, Y. Gottschalk, E. Gray, L. Green, D. Gutsche, O. and Hare, D. Harris, R. M. Hirschauer, J. Hooberman, B. and Jindariani, S. Johnson, M. Joshi, U. Kaadze, K. Klima, B. Kwan, S. Linacre, J. Lincoln, D. Lipton, R. and Lykken, J. Maeshima, K. Marraffino, J. M. Outschoorn, V. I. Martinez Maruyama, S. Mason, D. McBride, P. Mishra, K. and Mrenna, S. Musienko, Y. Nahn, S. Newman-Holmes, C. and O'Dell, V. Prokofyev, O. Ratnikova, N. Sexton-Kennedy, E. and Sharma, S. Spalding, W. J. Spiegel, L. Taylor, L. and Tkaczyk, S. Tran, N. V. Uplegger, L. Vaandering, E. W. and Vidal, R. Whitmore, J. Wu, W. Yang, F. Yun, J. C. and Acosta, D. Avery, P. Bourilkov, D. Cheng, T. Das, S. and De Gruttola, M. Di Giovanni, G. P. Dobur, D. Field, R. D. and Fisher, M. Fu, Y. Furic, I. K. Hugon, J. Kim, B. and Konigsberg, J. Korytov, A. Kropivnitskaya, A. Kypreos, T. and Low, J. F. Matchev, K. Milenovic, P. Mitselmakher, G. and Muniz, L. Rinkevicius, A. Shchutska, L. Skhirtladze, N. and Snowball, M. Yelton, J. Zakaria, M. Gaultney, V. and Hewamanage, S. Linn, S. Markowitz, P. Martinez, G. and Rodriguez, J. L. Adams, T. Askew, A. Bochenek, J. Chen, J. Diamond, B. Haas, J. Hagopian, S. Hagopian, V. and Johnson, K. F. Prosper, H. Veeraraghavan, V. Weinberg, M. and Baarmand, M. M. Dorney, B. Hohlmann, M. Kalakhety, H. and Yumiceva, F. Adams, M. R. Apanasevich, L. Bazterra, V. E. Betts, R. R. Bucinskaite, I. Cavanaugh, R. Evdokimov, O. Gauthier, L. Gerber, C. E. Hofman, D. J. Khalatyan, S. Kurt, P. Moon, D. H. O'Brien, C. Silkworth, C. and Turner, P. Varelas, N. Akgun, U. Albayrak, E. A. Bilki, B. Clarida, W. Dilsiz, K. Duru, F. Merlo, J. -P. and Mermerkaya, H. Mestvirishvili, A. Moeller, A. Nachtman, J. and Ogul, H. Onel, Y. Ozok, F. Sen, S. Tan, P. and Tiras, E. Wetzel, J. Yetkin, T. Yi, K. Barnett, B. A. and Blumenfeld, B. Bolognesi, S. Fehling, D. Gritsan, A. V. and Maksimovic, P. Martin, C. Swartz, M. Whitbeck, A. and Baringer, P. Bean, A. Benelli, G. Kenny, III, R. P. and Murray, M. Noonan, D. Sanders, S. Sekaric, J. Stringer, R. Wang, Q. Wood, J. S. Barfuss, A. F. Chakaberia, I. and Ivanov, A. Khalil, S. Makouski, M. Maravin, Y. and Saini, L. K. Shrestha, S. Svintradze, I. Gronberg, J. and Lange, D. Rebassoo, F. Wright, D. Baden, A. Calvert, B. and Eno, S. C. Gomez, J. A. Hadley, N. J. Kellogg, R. G. and Kolberg, T. Lu, Y. Marionneau, M. Mignerey, A. C. Pedro, K. Skuja, A. Temple, J. Tonjes, M. B. Tonwar, S. C. and Apyan, A. Bauer, G. Busza, W. Cali, I. A. Chan, M. and Di Matteo, L. Dutta, V. Ceballos, G. Gomez Goncharov, M. and Gulhan, D. Klute, M. Lai, Y. S. Levin, A. Luckey, P. D. and Ma, T. Paus, C. Ralph, D. Roland, C. Roland, G. and Stephans, G. S. F. Stoeckli, F. Sumorok, K. Velicanu, D. and Veverka, J. Wyslouch, B. Yang, M. Yoon, A. S. Zanetti, M. Zhukova, V. Dahmes, B. De Benedetti, A. Gude, A. and Kao, S. C. Klapoetke, K. Kubota, Y. Mans, J. Pastika, N. and Rusack, R. Singovsky, A. Tambe, N. Turkewitz, J. and Acosta, J. G. Cremaldi, L. M. Kroeger, R. Oliveros, S. and Perera, L. Rahmat, R. Sanders, D. A. Summers, D. and Avdeeva, E. Bloom, K. Bose, S. Claes, D. R. Dominguez, A. Suarez, R. Gonzalez Keller, J. Kravchenko, I. and Lazo-Flores, J. Malik, S. Meier, F. Snow, G. R. Dolen, J. Godshalk, A. Iashvili, I. Jain, S. Kharchilava, A. and Kumar, A. Rappoccio, S. Wan, Z. Alverson, G. and Barberis, E. Baumgartel, D. Chasco, M. Haley, J. and Massironi, A. Nash, D. Orimoto, T. Trocino, D. Wood, D. and Zhang, J. Anastassov, A. Hahn, K. A. Kubik, A. and Lusito, L. Mucia, N. Odell, N. Pollack, B. Pozdnyakov, A. Schmitt, M. Stoynev, S. Sung, K. Velasco, M. Won, S. Berry, D. Brinkerhoff, A. Chan, K. M. Drozdetskiy, A. and Hildreth, M. Jessop, C. Karmgard, D. J. Kolb, J. and Lannon, K. Luo, W. Lynch, S. Marinelli, N. Morse, D. M. and Pearson, T. Planer, M. Ruchti, R. Slaunwhite, J. and Valls, N. Wayne, M. Wolf, M. Antonelli, L. Bylsma, B. and Durkin, L. S. Flowers, S. Hill, C. Hughes, R. Kotov, K. Ling, T. Y. Puigh, D. Rodenburg, M. Smith, G. and Vuosalo, C. Winer, B. L. Wolfe, H. Wulsin, H. W. Berry, E. Elmer, P. Halyo, V. Hebda, P. Hegeman, J. Hunt, A. Jindal, P. Koay, S. A. Lujan, P. Marlow, D. and Medvedeva, T. Mooney, M. Olsen, J. Piroue, P. Quan, X. and Raval, A. Saka, H. Stickland, D. Tully, C. Werner, J. S. Zenz, S. C. Zuranski, A. Brownson, E. Lopez, A. and Mendez, H. Vargas, J. E. Ramirez Alagoz, E. Benedetti, D. Bolla, G. Bortoletto, D. De Mattia, M. Everett, A. and Hu, Z. Jones, M. Jung, K. Kress, M. Leonardo, N. and Pegna, D. Lopes Maroussov, V. Merkel, P. Miller, D. H. and Neumeister, N. Radburn-Smith, B. C. Shipsey, I. Silvers, D. and Svyatkovskiy, A. Wang, F. Xie, W. Xu, L. Yoo, H. D. and Zablocki, J. Zheng, Y. Parashar, N. Adair, A. Akgun, B. Ecklund, K. M. Geurts, F. J. M. Li, W. Michlin, B. and Padley, B. P. Redjimi, R. Roberts, J. Zabel, J. and Betchart, B. Bodek, A. Covarelli, R. de Barbaro, P. and Demina, R. Eshaq, Y. Ferbel, T. Garcia-Bellido, A. and Goldenzweig, P. Han, J. Harel, A. Miner, D. C. Petrillo, G. Vishnevskiy, D. Zielinski, M. Bhatti, A. Ciesielski, R. Demortier, L. Goulianos, K. Lungu, G. Malik, S. and Mesropian, C. Arora, S. Barker, A. Chou, J. P. and Contreras-Campana, C. Contreras-Campana, E. Duggan, D. and Ferencek, D. Gershtein, Y. Gray, R. Halkiadakis, E. and Hidas, D. Lath, A. Panwalkar, S. Park, M. Patel, R. and Rekovic, V. Robles, J. Salur, S. Schnetzer, S. Seitz, C. and Somalwar, S. Stone, R. Thomas, S. Thomassen, P. and Walker, M. Rose, K. Spanier, S. Yang, Z. C. York, A. and Bouhali, O. Eusebi, R. Flanagan, W. Gilmore, J. Kamon, T. Khotilovich, V. Krutelyov, V. Montalvo, R. Osipenkov, I. Pakhotin, Y. Perloff, A. Roe, J. Safonov, A. and Sakuma, T. Suarez, I. Tatarinov, A. Toback, D. Akchurin, N. Cowden, C. Damgov, J. Dragoiu, C. Dudero, P. R. and Kovitanggoon, K. Kunori, S. Lee, S. W. Libeiro, T. and Volobouev, I. Appelt, E. Delannoy, A. G. Greene, S. and Gurrola, A. Johns, W. Maguire, C. Mao, Y. Melo, A. and Sharma, M. Sheldon, P. Snook, B. Tuo, S. Velkovska, J. and Arenton, M. W. Boutle, S. Cox, B. Francis, B. and Goodell, J. Hirosky, R. Ledovskoy, A. Lin, C. Neu, C. and Wood, J. Gollapinni, S. Harr, R. Karchin, P. E. Don, C. Kottachchi Kankanamge Lamichhane, P. Sakharov, A. and Belknap, D. A. Borrello, L. Carlsmith, D. Cepeda, M. and Dasu, S. Duric, S. Friis, E. Grothe, M. Hall-Wilton, R. and Herndon, M. Herve, A. Klabbers, P. Klukas, J. and Lanaro, A. Loveless, R. Mohapatra, A. Ojalvo, I. Perry, T. Pierro, G. A. Polese, G. Ross, I. Sarangi, T. and Savin, A. Smith, W. H. Swanson, J. CMS Collaboration

Published
2015

48. T cell receptor excision circles (TRECs), CD4+, CD8+ and their CD45RO+ and CD45RA+ subpopulations in hepatitis C virus (HCV)-HIV-co-infected patients during treatment with interferon alpha plus ribavirin: analysis in a population on effective antiretroviral therapy

Author

F. Brun, C. Fernández-Gutiérrez, José A. Girón-González, Manuel Márquez, E. Pérez Guzmán, Ana Arizcorreta, and Manuel Rodríguez-Iglesias

Subjects
Adult, CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Male, T cell, Hepatitis C virus, Immunology, Population, Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, Alpha interferon, HIV Infections, chemical and pharmacologic phenomena, Thymus Gland, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Interferon alpha-2, Biology, Gene Rearrangement, T-Lymphocyte, medicine.disease_cause, Antiviral Agents, Polyethylene Glycols, chemistry.chemical_compound, T-Lymphocyte Subsets, immune system diseases, Antiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active, Clinical Studies, Ribavirin, medicine, Humans, Immunology and Allergy, Prospective Studies, education, Interferon alfa, education.field_of_study, T-cell receptor excision circles, Interferon-alpha, virus diseases, hemic and immune systems, Hepatitis C, Chronic, Virology, Recombinant Proteins, Treatment Outcome, medicine.anatomical_structure, chemistry, Leukocyte Common Antigens, Female, CD8, Follow-Up Studies, medicine.drug
Abstract

Interferon (IFN)-alpha induced CD4(+) T lymphopenia is a toxic effect of the treatment of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-co-infected patients. To increase the knowledge about this secondary effect, we performed an analysis of the evolution of the T cell receptor excision circles (TRECs), CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells and of their CD45RO(+) and CD45RA(+) subpopulations during the treatment of chronic hepatitis HCV with peginterferon alpha (pegIFN-alpha) + ribavirin. Twenty HCV/HIV-co-infected patients, with undetectable HIV load after highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), were treated with pegIFN-alpha + ribavirin. TRECs were determined using real-time polymerase chain reaction. CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells and their CD45RO(+) and CD45RA(+) subpopulations were analysed by two-colour flow cytometry. Median baseline CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells were 592 mm(3) and 874 mm(3), respectively. Median baseline CD45RO(+) subpopulation was 48% for CD4(+) T and 57% for CD8(+) T lymphocytes. A progressive decrease in both T cell populations, as well as of their CD45RO(+) and CD45RA(+) subpopulations, was detected, with a difference between the baseline and nadir levels approaching 50%. The evolution of T cell populations and TRECs was independent of the response to the treatment. T lymphocytes and their subpopulations returned to baseline levels at 24 weeks after the end of treatment, with the exception of the T CD4(+) CD45RA(+) subpopulation. The ratio of CD4(+) CD45RO(+)/CD4(+) CD45RA(+) increased from 0.89 (baseline) to 1.44 (24 weeks after the end of the therapy). TRECs/ml did not return to the basal values. In conclusion, a significant reduction of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, and of their CD45RA(+) and CD45RO(+) subpopulations, in HIV/HCV co-infected patients treated with pegIFN-alpha was observed. Both subpopulations increased after the suppression of treatment, but the CD4(+) CD45RA subpopulation did not reach the basal levels as a consequence, at least in part, of a decrease in thymic production.

Published
2006

49. Modifications of haematological series in patients co-infected with human immunodeficiency virus and hepatitis C virus during treatment with interferon and ribavirin: differences between pegylated and standard interferon

Author

F. Brun, E. Pérez-Guzmán, C. Fernández-Gutiérrez, José A. Girón-González, Fernando Guerrero, R. García Juárez, and Ana Arizcorreta

Subjects
Male, Hepacivirus, HIV Infections, medicine.disease_cause, Polyethylene Glycols, chemistry.chemical_compound, Pegylated interferon, Interferon, Prospective Studies, education.field_of_study, biology, virus diseases, interferon, General Medicine, lymphopenia, Recombinant Proteins, Infectious Diseases, HCV, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, medicine.drug, Adult, Microbiology (medical), ribavirin, Hepatitis C virus, Population, Hemorrhage, Interferon alpha-2, Neutropenia, Antiviral Agents, Virus, thrombopenia, medicine, Humans, neutropenia, education, AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections, business.industry, Ribavirin, Interferon-alpha, HIV, Hepatitis C, Chronic, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, Hematologic Diseases, digestive system diseases, Blood Cell Count, chemistry, Immunology, HIV-1, business
Abstract

Therapy with interferon and ribavirin for hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection induces a decrease in several haematological population counts. It is unclear whether haematological toxicity is more severe in patients co-infected with HCV and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). This study analysed the evolution of haematological population counts during and after interferon and ribavirin therapy for chronic HCV infection. Eleven patients co-infected with HIV and HCV and treated with pegylated interferon plus ribavirin, and ten treated with standard interferon plus ribavirin, were analysed. With reference to baseline values, neutrophil counts decreased by an average of 45% (range 18–67%), total lymphocytes by 50% (16–63%), CD4 lymphocytes by 54% (16–61%), haemoglobin by 9% (5–16%) and platelets by 31% (16–45%). The nadir of the decrease was reached in the first weeks of therapy and was maintained while patients were receiving treatment. The reduction in all series was higher with pegylated interferon. Patients recovered their baseline counts after finishing the treatment. No cases of haemorrhage or outstanding infection were detected during follow-up.

Published
2004

50. Event activity dependence of (nS) production in=5.02 TeV pPb and=2.76 TeV pp collisions

Author

Chatrchyan, S. Khachatryan, V. Sirunyan, A. M. Tumasyan, A. and Adam, W. Bergauer, T. Dragicevic, M. Eroe, J. and Fabjan, C. Friedl, M. Fruehwirth, R. Ghete, V. M. Hartl, C. Hoermann, N. Hrubec, J. Jeitler, M. Kiesenhofer, W. and Knuenz, V. Krammer, M. Kraetschmer, I. Liko, D. and Mikulec, I. Rabady, D. Rahbaran, B. Rohringer, H. and Schofbeck, R. Strauss, J. Taurok, A. Treberer-Treberspurg, W. Waltenberger, W. Wulz, C. -E. Mossolov, V. Shumeiko, N. Gonzalez, J. Suarez Alderweireldt, S. Bansal, M. and Bansal, S. Cornelis, T. De Wolf, E. A. Janssen, X. and Knutsson, A. Luyckx, S. Mucibello, L. Ochesanu, S. and Roland, B. Rougny, R. Van Haevermaet, H. Van Mechelen, P. and Van Remortel, N. Van Spilbeeck, A. Blekman, F. Blyweert, S. D'Hondt, J. Heracleous, N. Kalogeropoulos, A. and Keaveney, J. Kim, T. J. Lowette, S. Maes, M. Olbrechts, A. Strom, D. Tavernier, S. Van Doninck, W. Van Mulders, P. Van Onsem, G. P. Villella, I. Caillol, C. Clerbaux, B. De Lentdecker, G. Favart, L. Gay, A. P. R. Hreus, T. and Leonard, A. Marage, P. E. Mohammadi, A. Pernis, L. and Reis, T. Seva, T. Thomas, L. Vander Velde, C. Vanlaer, P. Wang, J. Adler, V. Beernaert, K. Benucci, L. and Cimmino, A. Costantini, S. Dildick, S. Garcia, G. Klein, B. Lellouch, J. Mccartin, J. Rios, A. A. Ocampo and Ryckbosch, D. Sigamani, M. Strobbe, N. Thyssen, F. and Tytgat, M. Walsh, S. Yazgan, E. Zaganidis, N. Basegmez, S. Beluffi, C. Bruno, G. Castello, R. Caudron, A. and Ceard, L. Da Silveira, G. G. Delaere, C. du Pree, T. and Favart, D. Forthomme, L. Giammanco, A. Hollar, J. Jez, P. Komm, M. Lemaitre, V. Liao, J. Militaru, O. and Nuttens, C. Pagano, D. Pin, A. Piotrzkowski, K. Popov, A. Quertenmont, L. Selvaggi, M. Marono, M. Vidal Garcia, J. M. Vizan Beliy, N. Caebergs, T. Daubie, E. Hammad, G. H. Alves, G. A. Correa Martins Junior, M. Martins, T. and Pol, M. E. Souza, M. H. G. Alda Junior, W. L. Carvalho, W. and Chinellato, J. Custdio, A. Da Costa, E. M. De Jesus Damiao, D. De Oliveira Martins, C. Fonseca De Souza, S. and Malbouisson, H. Malek, M. Matos Figueiredo, D. Mundim, L. and Nogima, H. Prado Da Silva, W. L. Santaolalla, J. and Santoro, A. Sznajder, A. Manganote, E. J. Tonelli Pereira, A. Vilela Bernardes, C. A. Dias, F. A. Fernandez Perez Tomei, T. R. Gregores, E. M. Lagana, C. Mercadante, P. G. and Novaes, S. F. Padula, Sandra S. Genchev, V. Iaydjiev, P. and Marinov, A. Piperov, S. Rodozov, M. Sultanov, G. and Vutova, M. Dimitrov, A. Glushkov, I. Hadjiiska, R. and Kozhuharov, V. Litov, L. Pavlov, B. Petkov, P. Bian, J. G. Chen, G. M. Chen, H. S. Chen, M. Du, R. Jiang, C. H. Liang, D. Liang, S. Meng, X. Plestina, R. Tao, J. and Wang, X. Wang, Z. Asawatangtrakuldee, C. Ban, Y. and Guo, Y. Li, W. Liu, S. Mao, Y. Qian, S. J. Teng, H. and Wang, D. Zhang, L. Zou, W. Avila, C. Carrillo Montoya, C. A. Chaparro Sierra, L. F. Florez, C. Gomez, J. P. Gomez Moreno, B. Sanabria, J. C. Godinovic, N. Lelas, D. Polic, D. Puljak, I. Antunovic, Z. Kovac, M. and Brigljevic, V. Kadija, K. Luetic, J. Mekterovic, D. and Morovic, S. Tikvica, L. Attikis, A. Mavromanolakis, G. and Mousa, J. Nicolaou, C. Ptochos, F. Razis, P. A. Finger, M. Finger, Jr., M. Abdelalim, A. A. Assran, Y. Elgammal, S. Ellithi Kamel, A. Mahmoud, M. A. Radi, A. Kadastik, M. Muntel, M. Murumaa, M. Raidal, M. Rebane, L. and Tiko, A. Eerola, P. Fedi, G. Voutilainen, M. Harkonen, J. Karimaki, V. Kinnunen, R. Kortelainen, M. J. Lampen, T. Lassila-Perini, K. Lehti, S. Linden, T. Luukka, P. and Maenpaa, T. Peltola, T. Tuominen, E. Tuominiemi, J. and Tuovinen, E. Wendland, L. Tuuva, T. Besancon, M. and Couderc, F. Dejardin, M. Denegri, D. Fabbro, B. Faure, J. L. Ferri, F. Ganjour, S. Givernaud, A. Gras, P. and Hamel de Monchenault, G. Jarry, P. Locci, E. Malcles, J. and Nayak, A. Rander, J. Rosowsky, A. Titov, M. Baffioni, S. and Beaudette, F. Busson, P. Charlot, C. Daci, N. Dahms, T. Dalchenko, M. Dobrzynski, L. Filipovic, N. Florent, A. Granier de Cassagnac, R. Haguenauer, M. Mine, P. and Mironov, C. Naranjo, I. N. Nguyen, M. Ochando, C. and Paganini, P. Sabes, D. Salerno, R. Sirois, Y. Veelken, C. Yilmaz, Y. Zabi, A. Agram, J. -L. Andrea, J. and Bloch, D. Brom, J. -M. Chabert, E. C. Collard, C. Conte, E. Drouhin, F. Fontaine, J. -C. Gele, D. Goerlach, U. and Goetzmann, C. Juillot, P. Le Bihan, A. -C. Van Hove, P. and Gadrat, S. Beauceron, S. Beaupere, N. Boudoul, G. and Brochet, S. Chasserat, J. Chierici, R. Contardo, D. and Depasse, P. El Mamouni, H. Fan, J. Fay, J. Gascon, S. and Gouzevitch, M. Ille, B. Kurca, T. Lethuillier, M. and Mirabito, L. Perries, S. Ruiz Alvarez, J. D. Sgandurra, L. and Sordini, V. Vander Donckt, M. Verdier, P. Viret, S. and Xiao, H. Tsamalaidze, Z. Autermann, C. Beranek, S. and Bontenackels, M. Calpas, B. Edelhoff, M. Feld, L. and Hindrichs, O. Klein, K. Ostapchuk, A. Perieanu, A. and Raupach, F. Sammet, J. Schael, S. Sprenger, D. Weber, H. and Wittmer, B. Zhukov, V. Ata, M. Caudron, J. and Dietz-Laursonn, E. Duchardt, D. Erdmann, M. Fischer, R. and Guth, A. Hebbeker, T. Heidemann, C. Hoepfner, K. and Klingebiel, D. Knutzen, S. Kreuzer, P. Merschmeyer, M. and Meyer, A. Olschewski, M. Padeken, K. Papacz, P. Pieta, H. Reithler, H. Schmitz, S. A. Sonnenschein, L. and Teyssier, D. Thuer, S. Weber, M. Cherepanov, V. Erdogan, Y. Flugge, G. Geenen, H. Geisler, M. Ahmad, W. Haj and Hoehle, F. Kargoll, B. Kress, T. Kuessel, Y. Lingemann, J. Nowack, A. Nugent, I. M. Perchalla, L. Pooth, O. and Stahl, A. Asin, I. Bartosik, N. Behr, J. Behrenhoff, W. and Behrens, U. Bell, A. J. Bergholz, M. Bethani, A. and Borras, K. Burgmeier, A. Cakir, A. Calligaris, L. and Campbell, A. Choudhury, S. Costanza, F. Diez Pardos, C. and Dooling, S. Dorland, T. Eckerlin, G. Eckstein, D. and Eichhorn, T. Flucke, G. Geiser, A. Grebenyuk, A. and Gunnellini, P. Habib, S. Hauk, J. Hellwig, G. Hempel, M. and Horton, D. Jung, H. Kasemann, M. Katsas, P. and Kleinwort, C. Kluge, H. Kramer, M. Krucker, D. Lange, W. and Leonard, J. Lipka, K. Lohmann, W. Lutz, B. Mankel, R. Marfin, I. Melzer-Pellmann, I. -A. Meyer, A. B. and Muenich, J. Mussgiller, A. Naumann-Emme, S. Novgorodova, O. and Nowak, F. Olzem, J. Perrey, H. Petrukhin, A. Pitzl, D. Placakyte, R. Raspereza, A. Ribeiro Cipriano, P. M. and Riedl, C. Ron, E. Sahin, M. A-. Salfeld-Nebgen, J. and Schmidt, R. Schoerner-Sadenius, T. Schroder, M. Sen, N. and Stein, M. Vargas Trevino, A. D. R. Walsh, R. Wissing, C. and Aldaya Martin, M. Blobel, V. Enderle, H. Erfle, J. and Garutti, E. Gorner, M. Gosselink, M. Haller, J. Heine, K. Hoing, R. S. Kirschenmann, H. Klanner, R. Kogler, R. and Lange, J. Marchesini, I. Ott, J. Peiffer, T. and Pietsch, N. Rathjens, D. Sander, C. Schettler, H. and Schleper, P. Schlieckau, E. Schmidt, A. Schum, T. and Seidel, M. Sibille, J. Sola, V. Stadie, H. Steinbruck, G. Troendle, D. Usai, E. Vanelderen, L. Barth, C. and Baus, C. Berger, J. Boser, C. Butz, E. Chwalek, T. and De Boer, W. Descroix, A. Dierlamm, A. Feindt, M. and Guthoff, M. Hartmann, F. Hauth, T. Held, H. Hoffmann, K. H. Husemann, U. Katkov, I. Kornmayer, A. Kuznetsova, E. and Lobelle Pardo, P. Martschei, D. Mozer, M. U. Muller, Th. and Niegel, M. Nurnberg, A. Oberst, O. Quast, G. and Rabbertz, K. Ratnikov, F. Rocker, S. Schilling, F. -P. and Schott, G. Simonis, H. J. Stober, F. M. Ulrich, R. and Wagner-Kuhr, J. Wayand, S. Weiler, T. Wolf, R. Zeise, M. and Anagnostou, G. Daskalakis, G. Geralis, T. Kesisoglou, S. and Kyriakis, A. Loukas, D. Markou, A. Markou, C. and Ntomari, E. Topsis-giotis, I. Gouskos, L. Panagiotou, A. and Saoulidou, N. Stiliaris, E. Aslanoglou, X. Evangelou, I. and Flouris, G. Foudas, C. Kokkas, P. Manthos, N. and Papadopoulos, I. Paradas, E. Bencze, G. Hajdu, C. Hidas, P. Horvath, D. Sikler, F. Veszpremi, V. Vesztergombi, G. and Zsigmond, A. J. Beni, N. Czellar, S. Molnar, J. and Palinkas, J. Szillasi, Z. Karancsi, J. Raics, P. and Trocsanyi, Z. L. Ujvari, B. Swain, S. K. Beri, S. B. and Bhatnagar, V. Dhingra, N. Gupta, R. Kaur, M. Mehta, M. Z. Mittal, M. Nishu, N. Sharma, A. Singh, J. B. and Kumar, Ashok Kumar, Arun Ahuja, S. Bhardwaj, A. and Choudhary, B. C. Kumar, A. Malhotra, S. Naimuddin, M. and Ranjan, K. Saxena, P. Sharma, V. Shivpuri, R. K. and Banerjee, S. Bhattacharya, S. Chatterjee, K. Dutta, S. and Gomber, B. Jain, Sa. Jain, Sh. Khurana, R. Modak, A. and Mukherjee, S. Roy, D. Sarkar, S. Sharan, M. Singh, A. P. and Abdulsalam, A. Dutta, D. Kailas, S. Kumar, V. and Mohanty, A. K. Pant, L. M. Shukla, P. Topkar, A. Aziz, T. Chatterjee, R. M. Ganguly, S. Ghosh, S. Guchait, M. and Gurtu, A. Kole, G. Kumar, S. Maity, M. Majumder, G. and Mazumdar, K. Mohanty, G. B. Parida, B. Sudhakar, K. and Wickramage, N. Banerjee, S. Dugad, S. Arfaei, H. and Bakhshiansohi, H. Behnamian, H. Etesami, S. M. Fahim, A. and Jafari, A. Khakzad, M. Najafabadi, M. Mohammadi Naseri, M. and Mehdiabadi, S. Paktinat Safarzadeh, B. Zeinali, M. and Grunewald, M. Abbrescia, M. Barbone, L. Calabria, C. and Chhibra, S. S. Colaleo, A. Creanza, D. De Filippis, N. and De Palma, M. Fiore, L. Iaselli, G. Maggi, G. Maggi, M. and Marangelli, B. My, S. Nuzzo, S. Pacifico, N. and Pompili, A. Pugliese, G. Radogna, R. Selvaggi, G. and Silvestris, L. Singh, G. Venditti, R. Verwilligen, P. and Zito, G. Abbiendi, G. Benvenuti, A. C. Bonacorsi, D. and Braibant-Giacomelli, S. Brigliadori, L. Campanini, R. and Capiluppi, P. Castro, A. Cavallo, F. R. Codispoti, G. and Cuffiani, M. Dallavalle, G. M. Fabbri, F. Fanfani, A. and Fasanella, D. Giacomelli, P. Grandi, C. Guiducci, L. and Marcellini, S. Masetti, G. Meneghelli, M. Montanari, A. and Navarria, F. L. Odorici, F. Perrotta, A. Primavera, F. and Rossi, A. M. Rovelli, T. Siroli, G. P. Tosi, N. and Travaglini, R. Albergo, S. Cappello, G. Chiorboli, M. and Costa, S. Giordano, F. Potenza, R. Tricomi, A. Tuve, C. and Barbagli, G. Ciulli, V. Civinini, C. D'Alessandro, R. and Focardi, E. Gallo, E. Gonzi, S. Gori, V. Lenzi, P. and Meschini, M. Paoletti, S. Sguazzoni, G. Tropiano, A. and Benussi, L. Bianco, S. Fabbri, F. Piccolo, D. and Fabbricatore, P. Ferretti, R. Ferro, F. Lo Vetere, M. and Musenich, R. Robutti, E. Tosi, S. Benaglia, A. Dinardo, M. E. Fiorendi, S. Gennai, S. Ghezzi, A. Govoni, P. and Lucchini, M. T. Malvezzi, S. Manzoni, R. A. Martelli, A. and Menasce, D. Moroni, L. Paganoni, M. Pedrini, D. Ragazzi, S. Redaelli, N. Tabarelli de Fatis, T. Buontempo, S. and Cavallo, N. Fabozzi, F. Iorio, A. O. M. Lista, L. Meola, S. Merola, M. Paolucci, P. Azzi, P. Bacchetta, N. and Bellato, M. Biasotto, M. Bisello, D. Branca, A. Carlin, R. Checchia, P. Dorigo, T. Fanzago, F. Galanti, M. and Gasparini, F. Gasparini, U. Giubilato, P. Gozzelino, A. and Kanishchev, K. Lacaprara, S. Lazzizzera, I. Margoni, M. and Meneguzzo, A. T. Pazzini, J. Pozzobon, N. Ronchese, P. and Simonetto, F. Torassa, E. Tosi, M. Triossi, A. Zotto, P. and Zucchetta, A. Zumerle, G. Gabusi, M. Ratti, S. P. and Riccardi, C. Vitulo, P. Biasini, M. Bilei, G. M. Fan, L. and Lariccia, P. Mantovani, G. Menichelli, M. Nappi, A. and Romeo, F. Saha, A. Santocchia, A. Spiezia, A. Androsov, K. Azzurri, P. Bagliesi, G. Bernardini, J. Boccali, T. and Broccolo, G. Castaldi, R. Ciocci, M. A. Dell'Orso, R. and Fiori, F. Foa, L. Giassi, A. Grippo, M. T. Kraan, A. and Ligabue, F. Lomtadze, T. Martini, L. Messineo, A. and Moon, C. S. Palla, F. Rizzi, A. Savoy-Navarro, A. and Serban, A. T. Spagnolo, P. Squillacioti, P. Tenchini, R. and Tonelli, G. Venturi, A. Verdini, P. G. Vernieri, C. and Barone, L. Cavallari, F. Del Re, D. Diemoz, M. Grassi, M. Jorda, C. Longo, E. Margaroli, F. Meridiani, P. and Micheli, F. Nourbakhsh, S. Organtini, G. Paramatti, R. and Rahatlou, S. Rovelli, C. Soffi, L. Traczyk, P. Amapane, N. Arcidiacono, R. Argiro, S. Arneodo, M. Bellan, R. and Biino, C. Cartiglia, N. Casasso, S. Costa, M. Degano, A. and Demaria, N. Mariotti, C. Maselli, S. Migliore, E. and Monaco, V. Musich, M. Obertino, M. M. Ortona, G. Pacher, L. Pastrone, N. Pelliccioni, M. Potenza, A. Romero, A. and Ruspa, M. Sacchi, R. Solano, A. Staiano, A. Tamponi, U. Belforte, S. Candelise, V. Casarsa, M. Cossutti, F. and Della Ricca, G. Gobbo, B. Licata, C. La Marone, M. and Montanino, D. Penzo, A. Schizzi, A. Umer, T. Zanetti, A. and Chang, S. Kim, T. Y. Nam, S. K. Kim, D. H. Kim, G. N. Kim, J. E. Kong, D. J. Lee, S. Oh, Y. D. Park, H. and Son, D. C. Kim, J. Y. Kim, Zero J. Song, S. Choi, S. and Gyun, D. Hong, B. Jo, M. Kim, H. Kim, Y. Lee, K. S. Park, S. K. Roh, Y. Choi, M. Kim, J. H. Park, C. and Park, I. C. Park, S. Ryu, G. Choi, Y. Choi, Y. K. and Goh, J. Kim, M. S. Kwon, E. Lee, B. Lee, J. Lee, S. Seo, H. Yu, I. Grigelionis, I. Juodagalvis, A. and Castilla-Valdez, H. De La Cruz-Burelo, E. Heredia-de La Cruz, I. and Lopez-Fernandez, R. Martinez-Ortega, J. Sanchez-Hernandez, A. Villasenor-Cendejas, L. M. Moreno, S. Carrillo Valencia, F. Vazquez Salazar Ibarguen, H. A. Casimiro Linares, E. and Morelos Pineda, A. Krofcheck, D. Butler, P. H. Doesburg, R. and Reucroft, S. Silverwood, H. Ahmad, M. Asghar, M. I. and Butt, J. Hoorani, H. R. Khalid, S. Khan, W. A. Khurshid, T. Qazi, S. Shah, M. A. Shoaib, M. Bialkowska, H. and Bluj, M. Boimska, B. Frueboes, T. Grski, M. Kazana, M. and Nawrocki, K. Romanowska-Rybinska, K. Szleper, M. and Wrochna, G. Zalewski, P. Brona, G. Bunkowski, K. Cwiok, M. Dominik, W. Doroba, K. Kalinowski, A. Konecki, M. and Krolikowski, J. Misiura, M. Wolszczak, W. Bargassa, P. and Beiro Da Cruz E Silva, C. Faccioli, P. Ferreira Parracho, P. G. and Gallinaro, M. Nguyen, F. Rodrigues Antunes, J. Seixas, J. Varela, J. Vischia, P. Afanasiev, S. Bunin, P. and Golutvin, I. Gorbunov, I. Kamenev, A. Karjavin, V. and Konoplyanikov, V. Kozlov, G. Lanev, A. Malakhov, A. and Matveev, V. Moisenz, P. Palichik, V. Perelygin, V. and Shmatov, S. Skatchkov, N. Smirnov, V. Zarubin, A. and Golovtsov, V. Ivanov, Y. Kim, V. Levchenko, P. Murzin, V. Oreshkin, V. Smirnov, I. Sulimov, V. Uvarov, L. and Vavilov, S. Vorobyev, A. Vorobyev, An. Andreev, Yu. and Dermenev, A. Gninenko, S. Golubev, N. Kirsanov, M. and Krasnikov, N. Pashenkov, A. Tlisov, D. Toropin, A. and Epshteyn, V. Gavrilov, V. Lychkovskaya, N. Popov, V. and Safronov, G. Semenov, S. Spiridonov, A. Stolin, V. and Vlasov, E. Zhokin, A. Andreev, V. Azarkin, M. Dremin, I. and Kirakosyan, M. Leonidov, A. Mesyats, G. Rusakov, S. V. and Vinogradov, A. Belyaev, A. Boos, E. Ershov, A. and Gribushin, A. Klyukhin, V. Kodolova, O. Korotkikh, V. and Lokhtin, I. Markina, A. Obraztsov, S. Petrushanko, S. and Savrin, V. Snigirev, A. Vardanyan, I. Azhgirey, I. and Bayshev, I. Bitioukov, S. Kachanov, V. Kalinin, A. and Konstantinov, D. Krychkine, V. Petrov, V. Ryutin, R. and Sobol, A. Tourtchanovitch, L. Troshin, S. Tyurin, N. and Uzunian, A. Volkov, A. Adzic, P. Djordjevic, M. and Ekmedzic, M. Milosevic, J. Aguilar-Benitez, M. Maestre, J. Alcaraz Battilana, C. Calvo, E. Cerrada, M. Chamizo Llatas, M. Colino, N. De La Cruz, B. Delgado Peris, A. and Dominguez Vazquez, D. 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Abstract

The production of (1S), (2S), and (3S) is investigated in pPb and pp collisions at centre-of-mass energies per nucleon pair of 5.02 TeV and 2.76 TeV, respectively. The datasets correspond to integrated luminosities of about 31 nb(-1) (pPb) and 5.4 pb(-1) (pp), collected in 2013 by the CMS experiment at the LHC. Upsilons that decay into muons are reconstructed within the rapidity interval |y (CM)| < 1.93 in the nucleon-nucleon centre-of-mass frame. Their production is studied as a function of two measures of event activity, namely the charged-particle multiplicity measured in the pseudorapidity interval |eta| < 2.4, and the sum of transverse energy deposited at forward pseudorapidity, 4.0 < |eta| < 5.2. The cross sections normalized by their event activity integrated values, (nS)/aEuro(nS)aEuro parts per thousand, are found to rise with both measures of the event activity in pp and pPb. In both collision systems, the ratios of the excited to the ground state cross sections, (nS)/ (1S), are found to decrease with the charged-particle multiplicity, while as a function of the transverse energy the variation is less pronounced. The event activity integrated double ratios, [(nS)/ (1S)](pPb) /[(nS)/ (1S)](pp), are also measured and found to be 0.83 +/- 0.05 (stat.) +/- 0.05 (syst.) and 0.71 +/- 0.08 (stat.) +/- 0.09 (syst.) for (2S) and (3S), respectively.

Published
2014

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