Search

In a first-order theory $\varTheta $, the decision problem for a class of formulae $\varPhi $ is solvable if there is an algorithmic procedure that can assess whether or not the existential closure $\varphi ^{\exists }$ of $\varphi $ belongs to $\varTheta $, for any $\varphi \in \varPhi $. In 1988, Parlamento and Policriti already showed how to tailor arguments à la Gödel to a very weak axiomatic set theory, referring them to the class of $\varSigma _{1}$-formulae with $(\forall \exists \forall )_{0}$-matrix, i.e. existential closures of formulae that contain just restricted quantifiers of the forms $(\forall x \in y)$ and $(\exists x \in y)$ and are writable in prenex form with at most two alternations of restricted quantifiers (the outermost quantifier being a ‘$\forall $’). While revisiting their work, we show slightly less weak theories under which incompleteness for recursively axiomatizable extensions holds with respect to existential closures of $(\forall \exists )_{0}$-matrices, namely formulae with at most one alternation of restricted quantifiers.

Contains fulltext : 291736.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) Cancer of Unknown Primary (CUP) is metastatic cancer with an unidentifiable primary tumour origin during life. It remains difficult to study the occurrence and aetiology of CUP. Hitherto, it is unclear whether risk factors are associated with CUP, yet identifying these factors could reveal whether CUP is a specific entity or a cluster of metastasised cancers from various primary tumour origins. Epidemiological studies on possible CUP risk factors were systematically searched in PubMed and Web of Science on February 1(st), 2022. Studies, published before 2022, were included if they were observational human-based, provided relative risk estimates, and investigated possible CUP risk factors. A total of 5 case-control and 14 cohort studies were included. There appears to be an increased risk for smoking in relation to CUP. However, limited suggestive evidence was found to link alcohol consumption, diabetes mellitus, and family history of cancer as increased risks for CUP. No conclusive associations could be made for anthropometry, food intake (animal or plant-based), immunity disorders, lifestyle (overall), physical activity, or socioeconomic status and CUP risk. No other CUP risk factors have been studied. This review highlights smoking, alcohol consumption, diabetes mellitus and family history of cancer as CUP risk factors. Yet, there remains insufficient epidemiological evidence to conclude that CUP has its own specific risk factor profile.

We introduce proper display calculi for intuitionistic, bi-intuitionistic and classical linear logics with exponentials, which are sound, complete, conservative, and enjoy cut elimination and subformula property. Based on the same design, we introduce a variant of Lambek calculus with exponentials, aimed at capturing the controlled application of exchange and associativity. Properness (i.e., closure under uniform substitution of all parametric parts in rules) is the main technical novelty of the present proposal, allowing both for the smoothest proof of cut elimination and for the development of an overarching and modular treatment for a vast class of axiomatic extensions and expansions of intuitionistic, bi-intuitionistic, and classical linear logics with exponentials. Our proposal builds on an algebraic and order-theoretic analysis of linear logic and applies the guidelines of the multi-type methodology in the design of display calculi.

INTRODUCTION: Heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) affects a quarter of all women, with half having no structural cause. Dutch guidelines recommend a stepped care approach to the management of such idiopathic HMB, starting with medication or a levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device (LNG-IUD), before progressing to endometrial ablation, and ultimately, hysterectomy. However, practice variation between hospitals could lead to suboptimal health outcomes and increased healthcare costs for some women.OBJECTIVES: To evaluate adherence to stepped care for women with idiopathic HMB and to identify practice variation among Dutch hospitals.STUDY DESIGN: This population-based cross-sectional study used Dutch insurance claims data from primary and secondary care for all women with idiopathic HMB referred to a gynecologist between January 2019 and December 2020. We calculated the average number of treatments in the 3 years before each treatment step at each hospital, making adjustments for age, socioeconomic status, and ethnicity. Variation in medical practice was measured by the coefficient of variation (CV).RESULTS: We studied 20,715 women treated with LNG-IUDs (56%), endometrial ablation (36%), laparoscopic hysterectomy (13%), or vaginal hysterectomy (4%) in 93 hospitals. Before endometrial ablation, on average 47% used medication (hospital range 27%-71%; CV 0.17) and 16% used an LNG-IUD (hospital range 8%-29%, CV 0.32). Before hysterectomy, 52% (hospital range 28%-65%, CV 0.16) used medication, 21% (hospital range 6%-38%, CV 0.35) used an LNG-IUD, and 23% underwent endometrial ablation (hospital range 0%-59%, CV 0.55). On average, women underwent 0.63 (hospital range 0.36-1.00, adjusted rate 0.40-0.98, CV 0.17) and 0.96 (hospital range 0.56-1.45, adjusted rate 0.56-1.44, CV 0.18) treatments before endometrial ablation and hysterectomy, respectively.CONCLUSIONS: Considerable practice variation exists among Dutch hospitals in the stepped care approach to idiopathic HMB. Improving adherence to this approach could improve quality of care and reduce costs.

Gebruikte matrassen worden steeds vaker gescheiden ingezameld en gerecycled, wat een lagere CO2-uitstoot kent. Toch lijkt dit niet altijd verstandig omdat het recyclen van matrassen relatief duur is.

This paper proposes a semantic framework for Business Model evaluation and its application to a real case study in the context of smart energy and sustainable mobility. It presents an ontology based representation of an original business model and examples of inferential rules for knowledge extraction and automatic population of the ontology. The real case study belongs to the GreenCharge European Project, that in these last years is proposing some original business models to promote sustainable e-mobility plans. An original OWL Ontology contains all relevant Business Model concepts referring to GreenCharge’s domain, including a semantic description of TestCards, survey results and inferential rules.

A recent strand of research in structural proof theory aims at exploring the notion of analytic calculi (i.e. those calculi that support general and modular proof-strategies for cut elimination), and at identifying classes of logics that can be captured in terms of these calculi. In this context, Wansing introduced the notion of proper display calculi as one possible design framework for proof calculi in which the analiticity desiderata are realized in a particularly transparent way. Recently, the theory of properly displayable logics (i.e. those logics that can be equivalently presented with some proper display calculus) has been developed in connection with generalized Sahlqvist theory (aka unified correspondence). Specifically, properly displayable logics have been syntactically characterized as those axiomatized by analytic inductive axioms, which can be equivalently and algorithmically transformed into analytic structural rules so that the resulting proper display calculi enjoy a set of basic properties: soundness, completeness, conservativity, cut elimination and subformula property. In this context, the proof that the given calculus is complete w.r.t. the original logic is usually carried out syntactically, i.e. by showing that a (cut free) derivation exists of each given axiom of the logic in the basic system to which the analytic structural rules algorithmically generated from the given axiom have been added. However, so far this proof strategy for syntactic completeness has been implemented on a case-by-case base, and not in general. In this paper, we address this gap by proving syntactic completeness for properly displayable logics in any normal (distributive) lattice expansion signature. Specifically, we show that for every analytic inductive axiom a cut free derivation can be effectively generated which has a specific shape, referred to as pre-normal form., arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1604.08822 by other authors

In recent years, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been successfully applied to the task of exoplanet detection. The success of CNNs in many domains has been attributed to overparameterization. In the domain of image recognition, larger CNNs with more free parameters tend to result in better predictions. In exoplanet detection, the reverse seems to apply. Astronet and Exonet, the first CNNs for exoplanet detection had more than 10 million parameters. Exonet-XS is a much smaller network (0.85 million parameters) that uses domain knowledge and performs almost on par with its larger variant Exonet. In earlier work we proposed Genesis, an even smaller network with less than half of the parameters of Exonet-XS (0.39 million). In this paper we examine and compare the performances of Genesis, Exonet-XS, and Exonet (all of which include stellar parameters as domain knowledge) using a proper cross-validation procedure. We find that Genesis, despite its smaller size, outperforms Exonet-XS and performs at a level comparable with Exonet. Hence, reducing overparameterization seems to be beneficial to exoplanet detection from folded light curves. In an attempt to uncover the cause of Genesis’ success, we study the effect of varying the hyperparameters controlling the convolutional and pooling layers. We find that the performance of Genesis can be explained by its sparsity and use of large convolution filters and pooling strides. We conclude that Genesis and the use of large filters and pooling strides are to be preferred for exoplanet detection over previously-proposed architectures.

Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) have shown to offer a consistent and reliable foundation for the automatic detection of potential exoplanets. CNNs rely on an abundance of parameters (overparameterization) to achieve their impressive detection performances. Astronet was one of the first CNNs for exoplanet detection. It takes as input folded lightcurves in two views: a local view (the transit) and a global view (the entire orbital period including the transit). A more recent CNN called Exonet-XS improved on Astronet’s performance while having considerably less parameters, thereby reducing the risk of overfitting. Exonet-XS also uses two views as input. In this paper, we propose Genesis, an even more simplified CNN for exoplanet detection from folded lightcurves using only one view. In addition, we propose to use a more reliable validation procedure that is custom in CNN-based exoplanet detection studies: the Monte Carlo Cross-Validation (MCCV) procedure. We show that the use of MCCV improves the reliability of the estimation of the detection performance by providing a (discretized) probability distribution, rather than a point estimate. Using MCCV we show that Astronet with only one view performs on a par with the original two-view version. More importantly, our fair comparative evaluation (without stellar parameters and centroids) reveals that Genesis outperforms Exonet-XS and Astronet. We conclude by stating that existing exoplanet detection CNNs are too complex for the task at hand and that future evaluations of performances should use MCCV or similar validation procedures.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 120(23), e2215572120 (2023). doi:10.1073/pnas.2215572120, Published by National Acad. of Sciences, Washington, DC

Are people with more experience running an entrepreneurial venture also more confident? How does that confidence look for those who gathered those experiences outside of their comfort zone? This paper advances the entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE) literature by integrating the Dunning-Kruger perspective into the experience-ESE relationship, and by conceptualizing experience as a combination of tenure and search distance (a venture searches distantly if its new products are dissimilar to its existing ones). In a unique sample of small businesses, between-entrepreneur analyses reveal a U-shaped association between venture tenure and ESE for entrepreneurs who engage in distant search with their venture, and a relatively stable ESE over venture tenure if distant search is low.

This study addresses and compares the adoption rate of three technologies by Dutch municipalities: the adoption of websites between 1994 and 2000, the adoption of Twitter between 2008 and 2018, and the adoption of YouTube between 2006 and 2018. It analyses the municipal adoption curves of websites, Twitter, and YouTube, relating to DOI theory. Survival analysis is conducted of Twitter and YouTube adoption by municipalities, assessing the relationship between technology adoption and organizational and environmental factors. Additional survival analysis is conducted of the relationship between municipal adoption, media coverage of the technology, and user engagement with the technology. Media coverage appears to be a strong predictor for municipal adoption of websites, Twitter, and YouTube, as well as the level of user engagement. Twitter was adopted the fastest by municipalities, followed at a greater distance by website and YouTube adoption. Other findings include that municipalities already using YouTube were quicker to adopt Twitter, but not the other way around. Recently amalgamated municipalities were slower to adopt Twitter, as well as municipalities with a relatively larger presence of IT professionals.

In recent years, health care consumers (patients) have increasingly been stimulated to take an active role in the decision-making process for providers (hereafter referred to as patient choice). Patient choice is assumed to increase competition between health care providers due to patients voting with their feet. In patient choice, patients are expected to make tradeoffs between the price and quality of care to selectively choose providers who best fit the patients’ preferences. Patient choice has an instrumental value as it aims at improving the efficiency of health care, at achieving better quality of care and at making health providers more responsive to the needs of patients. Patient choice has also an intrinsic value as it acknowledges the autonomy of patients. This dissertation aims to contribute to our understanding of current policies regarding patient choice by addressing research questions related to various aspects of patient choice in the context of the Dutch health care system. To answer these questions, we conducted several discrete choice experiments (DCEs) and a mixed methods study, and performed a longitudinal analysis of scores on quality indicators. The research included in this dissertation has been partitioned into the following parts: patient choice in practice (Part I), the price of care (Part II) and the quality of care (Part III). The conclusions described in this dissertation indicate that, even if patients are in fact willing to become actively involved in patient choice, patients often lack the information on price and quality of care required to make well-informed decisions and effectively exercise choice. Considering the current conditions in practice, we conclude that the underlying assumption of patient choice —i.e. patients select their providers based on information regarding the price and quality of care and in accordance with their preferences— is unlikely to hold true in practice. This overall conclusion indicates the status of “work-in-progress” for current policy regarding patient choice and underlines the need for additional efforts to achieve the goal of patient choice. This dissertation does not provide a definite answer as to whether encouraging patients to become actively involved in patient choice will be successful in achieving the goal of patient choice. Alternatively, additional efforts may be focused on facilitating referring physicians to choose providers on the patient’s behalf. This alternative approach is likely to be the most successful for several reasons. (1) Few patients actively choose their providers or are motivated to so. (2) In real-life settings, individuals are unlikely to conform with the notion of rational consumers. (3) The choice of provider strongly depends on advice of the referring physician.

This special issue contains a selection of articles on globalization and fintech. The contributions provide new insights on reform of the international economic order, paying special attention to uncertainty and economic policy coordination. They will certainly help improve our understanding of these topics.

Servitization and digitalization are two business model innovations that have affected product companies. From the convergence of these two trends, digital servitization emerged as a novel concept. Digital servitization pushes product companies to radically transform their business model, creating new challenges for its implementation. This paper aims to uncover how digitalization fundamentally transforms product companies in their transition towards services. Based on a systematic review of the literature, we analyze a sample of 180 articles published between 2005 and 2020 using both descriptive and content analysis techniques. Our review thereby offers both theoretical and managerial contributions. We descriptively analyze the evolution of the research field. Furthermore, we propose a new unified definition of digital servitization and discuss nine servitization dimensions where digitalization influences servitization—motivations; strategy; service offerings; structure; culture; resources and capabilities; processes; performance; and servitization ecosystems—leading to a new conceptual framework for digital servitization. Finally, we identify several directions for future digital servitization research.

Dans les affaires internationales, ainsi que dans de nombreux autres domaines des sciences sociales, les recherches de réplication ont longtemps été mal appréciées, découragées et traitées comme parents pauvres et « non originales ». Nous argumentons qu’en élucidant les facteurs de confusion, validant les mécanismes de causalité et testant les limites spatiale et temporelle, les recherches de réplication peuvent stimuler les débats, enrichir notre corpus de connaissances et affiner la théorie. Cet éditorial a pour objectif de promouvoir les recherches de réplication. Nous plaidons en faveur de celles-ci en reconnaissant leurs valeurs et présentant leurs différents types. Nous proposons également un canevas méthodologique permettant de les réaliser avec rigueur académique. Enfin, nous élaborons les recommandations concrètes sur la manière d’augmenter leur nombre de publication., In international business, as well as in many other social sciences, replication studies have long been treated as a poor relative, discounted and discouraged as “not original”. We argue that by teasing out confounding factors, validating causal mechanisms, and testing spatial and temporal boundaries, replication studies can stimulate debate, add to our body of knowledge, and fine-tune theory. Our goal in writing this editorial is to promote replication studies. We build a case for them by recognizing their value and showcasing their different types. We also offer a methodological template for carrying them out with academic rigor. Finally, we make concrete recommendations on how to go about increasing the number of them published.

This article examines to what extent ideological incongruence (i.e., mismatch between policy positions of voters and parties) increases the entry of new parties in national parliamentary elections and their individual-level electoral support. Current empirical research on party entry and new party support either neglects the role of party–voter incongruence, or it only examines its effect on the entry and support of specific new parties or party families. This article fills this lacuna. Based on spatial theory, we hypothesise that parties are more likely to enter when ideological incongruence between voters and parties is higher (Study 1) and that voters are more likely to vote for new parties if these stand closer to them than established parties (Study 2). Together our two studies span 17 countries between 1996 and 2016. Time-series analyses support both hypotheses. This has important implications for spatial models of elections and empirical research on party entry and new party support.

Abrupt jumps in reimbursement tariffs have been shown to lead to unintended effects in physicians’ behavior. A sudden change in tariffs at a pre-defined point in the treatment can incentivize health care providers to prolong treatment to reach the higher tariff, and then to discharge patients once the higher tariff is reached. The Dutch reimbursement schedule in hospital rehabilitation care follows a two-threshold stepwise-function based on treatment duration. We investigated the prevalence of strategic discharges around the first threshold and assessed whether their share varies by provider type. Our findings suggest moderate response to incentives by traditional care providers (general and academic hospitals, rehabilitation centers and multicategorical providers), and strong response by profit-oriented independent treatment centers. When examining the variation in response based on the financial position of the organization, we found a higher probability of manipulation among providers in financial distress. Our findings provide multiple insights and possible indicators to identify provider types that may be more prone to strategic behavior.

PurposeAlthough the topic of performance budgeting has received considerable attention in the literature, it is mainly explored in the field of public management and administration, and little research exists in the field of public sector accounting. The purpose of this paper is to provide more insight into how non-performance indicators are integrated in budget documents, thereby bridging the gap between the literature in both fields. Furthermore, the influence of potential drivers of differences in the incorporation of non-financial performance indicators are explored.Design/methodology/approachThis study starts with an overview of historical developments in Dutch local government for a period of 50 years. This is followed by an empirical assessment of the current incorporation of non-financial performance indicators based on a dataset of 107 municipal budget documents for FY2019.FindingsThe authors' historical overview shows that several initiatives were employed to encourage municipalities to integrate non-financial performance indicators in their budget documents. A search to connect policy and means can be observed, which has not developed linearly over time, but mostly in reaction to major changes in national legislation. The authors find a large variation among the municipalities in their current incorporation of non-financial performance indicators. Contrary to theoretical expectations, output indicators (and not outcome indicators) are most frequently incorporated. Furthermore, the authors find that more indicators are incorporated if a municipality is larger, more willing to innovate and if it has less financial resources.Originality/valueThis article contributes to the understanding of how to incorporate non-financial performance indicators in public sector financial statements. To the best of authors’ knowledge, this is an area that is not explored before.

Public service-motivated individuals have a greater concern for the delivery of public services and for the societal consequence of collective inaction, seeing themselves play a pivotal role in upholding public goods. Such self-efficacy and perceived importance of public service jointly motivate individuals to commit to sacrificing for the common good. Using an incentivized laboratory experiment with 126 undergraduate and graduate students at a university in the Netherlands, we explore the association between self-reported public service motivation (PSM) and voluntary self-sacrifice under different task characteristics and social contexts in a Volunteer’s Dilemma game. We find that risk-taking and intergroup competition negatively moderate the positive effect of PSM on volunteering. The risky situation may reduce an individual’s self-efficacy in making meaningful sacrifice, and intergroup competition may divert attention away from the concern for society at large to the outcome of the competition, compromising the positive effect of PSM on the likelihood to self-sacrifice for the common good.

Recent literature calls for more research on the context and drivers of information use, and how this affects the information-seeking behaviour of politicians. This article addresses this gap by exploring antecedents of politicians’ accounting and other types of information use. It looks at parliamentary debates in the Dutch central government linked to the budget cycle—how accounting information is balanced with other sources of information. Political roles (for example being member of a coalition or opposition party, or being a party’s financial spokesperson), as well as personal characteristics (age and experience), were found to have an impact on the extent of accounting and other types of information use.

Exclusivity is a key concern when designing a licensing contract, yet the organizational factors that influence the exclusive provision of university licenses remain underexplored. This study provides a deeper understanding of this question by developing a balanced framework that considers both licensors (universities) and licensees (companies) in licensing deals. Furthermore, we posit that university prestige affects both a university's ability to conduct non-exclusive licensing and a firm's incentive to obtain an exclusive license, thereby shaping their joint willingness to license (non-)exclusively. We also examine how technology transfer office (TTO) experience and prior collaboration between a university and a firm moderate this relationship. To test the hypotheses, we use a dataset consisting of 6653 licensed patents owned by 117 representative Chinese universities. We find that an inverted U-shaped relationship exists between university prestige and the likelihood that two parties choose exclusive licensing. Moreover, the moderating effect of TTO experience is partially supported while that of prior collaboration is fully supported. Our findings generate important implications for the relative social impacts of exclusive and non-exclusive licensing of technology inventions as well as the management of university licensing.

SUMMARY It is often argued that health care providers (e.g. hospitals, physicians, etc.) are imperfect agents of the patient: over-supplying (or in certain situations under-supplying) health care services when facing a financial advantage to do so.[1] Hence, changing the incentives in provider payment contracts may lead to more appropriate provision of health care. This belief was the motivation for the design of several innovative reimbursement arrangements, such as Medicare’s Hospital Readmission Reduction Program or Maryland’s All-Payer program, created under Affordable Care Act (ACA), and the creation of Accountable Care Organizations.[2] However, the results of these initiatives have been mixed, leading experts to conclude that reaching optimal contract design is more tedious than originally believed.[3] Therefore, it is important to understand what drives providers and under what conditions they respond to financial incentives. Although health care providers’ response to financial stimulus has been empirically shown in an abundance of cases [1, 4], its magnitude is far from uniform and, in certain cases, researchers found no measurable response at all ([5-8]). There is a shortage of comprehensive analyses on exactly what drives providers’ behavior, which hampers the realization of optimal payment designs. In the present dissertation, I attempt to illustrate how providers respond to incentives in various environments and provide recommendations on the optimal payment design in order to obtain high quality and affordable care. My research utilizes examples of policy-reforms and payment design discontinuities in Dutch health care as ‘natural experiments’ that allow me to quantify responses to sudden shifts in the incentive structure. My work focuses primarily on medical specialist care (secondary care) and utilizes claim-level administrative data from Dutch health insurers for the years 2006 to 2018. Overall, my results show that providers with guaranteed budgets, that were independent of production volumes, achieved higher productivity growths and lower growths in treatment intensity, than those with volume-driven arrangements, demonstrating that providers were able to improve efficiency when incentivized to do so using guaranteed budgets (in Chapters 2-3). However, when going deeper and evaluating health care organizations’ response to financial incentives using discontinuities in reimbursement schedules (in Chapters 4-5) I found that the response was not uniform among all providers: small, profit-oriented organizations, especially those in financial distress, were more likely to maximize revenues by strategically discharging patients when a higher tariff was reached. In addition, I demonstrate that the same organization (i.e. rehabilitation centers) showed no response to the discontinuity in an outpatient setting, while strong response is observed in an inpatient setting. A possible interpretation could be the higher potential financial gains from utilizing strategic discharge behavior. Overall, these findings imply that moving away from volume-based production arrangement towards guaranteed payments (e.g. global budgets) could present the right incentives for containing costs and improving efficiency. Global budget mechanisms, however, are not new. These arrangements have been frequently used since the first wave of health care reforms after World War II. [9]. Lessons learnt from these, as well as more recent experiments, such as Maryland’s All-Payer program and pilot programs such as Bernhoven Hospital in the Netherlands, must be considered when designing hospital contracts. Most importantly, the mechanism should appropriately reward gains in market share in order to continue to encourage competition between providers and to circumvent the build-up of waiting lists, while quality and continuity of care must be guaranteed, and policy-makers should ensure that the mechanism is in line with other reimbursement arrangements (e.g. DRG- systems, risk-adjustment mechanisms).

Power AND performativity AND process. Three concepts. Three theoretical perspectives that shape current studies of organizing, of organizations, how they come into existence and how they are maintained. Three distinct trajectories that have already been traced; their separate articulations creating tension, paradox and contradiction. Can we resist existing conceptualizations to create new immanent relations? Can we dissolve the necessity of binary logics, of order, of finality, and embrace simultaneity and multiplicity? In this paper we reimagine the interplay between power and performativity, embracing the role of resistance within the emergent micro-processes of organizational becoming. To do this we take inspiration from the work of Gilles Deleuze.

Digitization is receiving a lot of interest in recent servitization research, but the use of platform-based Industry 4.0 technologies to boost product-service innovation (PSI) is less covered. This study aims to explore how companies successfully leverage platforms for servitization in an Industry 4.0 context. Building on theories of PSI, platform leverage and business model adaptation (BMA), we use longitudinal and interpretive research methods to conduct an exploratory study of the servitization pathways of four Chinese textile and apparel manufacturing companies. Results reveal companies’ roadmaps in undertaking digital and smart servitization strategies enabled by platform leveraging, and show the implementation approaches for related BMA. Further analysis identifies platform-based servitization destinations and pathway dynamics. This study constructs a theoretical basis and a typology for explaining platform-based servitization.

This paper applies a difference-in-differences framework to explore the economic consequences of the recent U.S.–China trade war. The average abnormal returns of Chinese listed firms during a period centered on President Trump's announcement on 22 March 2018 are taken as a proxy for the firms' exposure to the potential trade war. Firms more negatively exposed are found, surprisingly, to report higher total revenues in the post-announcement period. The results indicate that the Chinese firms tend to reallocate their business from overseas to the domestic market. Such within-firm reallocation is found to be more pronounced among private firms, exporting firms and non-FDI firms. Besides, firms with higher negative exposure increase total investment and financing but decrease foreign investment after the trade war.

Over the past two centuries, the Dutch experienced a tremendous secular trend in height, and ultimately became the tallest nation in the world. Improving environmental conditions likely played the largest role in explaining these developments. But it is not yet precisely clear what factor set the Dutch head and shoulders above other nations, who were also experiencing improving environmental conditions. Could fertility also have played a role? To understand this, we would first need to know whether height and fertility were related during the secular growth trend. In this study, we investigated whether this was the case. A sample of Dutch men, birth years 1850–1900 (n = 3396), was examined. We tested the extents to which height was associated with having a certain number of children, and with having a certain number of children survive infancy. Multinomial logistic regressions were used. In terms of findings, height's relationship to fertility outcomes was curvilinear: being shorter-than-average (0.75–0.5 standard deviations below the mean height) was associated with a higher probability of being married and having five to seven children, while being moderately tall (0.5 standard deviations above the mean height) was associated with the lowest probability of being unmarried. There was no relationship between paternal height and children surviving infancy in the sample overall, but taller height was associated with a decreased risk of being in a high-mortality family among men born between 1880 and 1900. If paternal fertility played a role in the secular growth trend, we would expect to see very tall men have the most children, and clearly have the most children surviving infancy. Given this study's findings, it is unlikely that this was the case.

Radical drug innovations are of great importance to pharmaceutical firms and public health. Understanding the determinants involved in successful radical drug innovations is key to increasing this type of output in the future. The objective of this review is to search the literature for key firm-level determinants of radical drug innovation. Following a systematic literature review approach, we considered more than 4100 peer-reviewed journal articles and PhD theses, of which we included 38 in the narrative synthesis. To guide the review, we use Crossan and Apaydin’s (J Manag Stud 47:1154–1191, 2010) model of firm-level determinants of innovation for the first time within the pharmaceutical industry, which is unique due to the risks, costs, and time frames associated with radical drug innovation. We focus on three groups of determinants: leadership, managerial levers, and business processes. We find the following to be particularly important for radical drug innovation: external knowledge sourcing (managerial lever); internal knowledge management (managerial lever); ability of top leaders to innovate, as determined by educational background and professional experience (leadership); and leaders’ focus on shaping innovation and performance cultures (leadership). We offer a conceptual framework of critical determinants of radical drug innovation and highlight managerial implications. We also discuss gaps in radical drug innovation research and provide suggestions for future study. Many of the findings discussed in this paper are contradictory because they rely on different definitions and measures, which inhibits our full and accurate understanding of radical drug innovation development. More research is needed to address untested measures of radical drug innovation.

We introduce a class of neighbourhood frames for graded modal logic embedding Kripke frames into neighbourhood frames. This class of neighbourhood frames is shown to be first-order definable but not modally definable. We also obtain a new definition of graded bisimulation with respect to Kripke frames by modifying the definition of monotonic bisimulation., Comment: removed journal template

BackgroundAudit and feedback (A&F) is a valuable quality improvement strategy, which can contribute to de-implementation of low-value care. In the Netherlands, all health insurers collaboratively provide A&F to general practitioners (GPs), the ‘Primary Care Practice Report’ (PCPR). Unfortunately, the use of this report by GPs is limited. This study examined the thoughts of GPs on the usability of the PCPR and GPs recommendations for improving the PCPR.MethodWe used an interpretative qualitative design, with think-aloud tasks to uncover thoughts of GPs on the usability of the PCPR and semistructured interview questions to ask GPs’ recommendations for improvement of the PCPR. Interviews were audiorecorded and transcribed ad verbatim. Data were analysed using thematic content analysis.ResultsWe identified two main themes: ‘poor usability of the PCPR’, and ‘minimal motivation to change based on the PCPR’. The GPs found the usability of the PCPR poor due to the feedback not being clinically meaningful, the data not being recent, individual and reliable, the performance comparators offer insufficient guidance to assess clinical performance, the results are not discussed with peers and the definitions and visuals are unclear. The GPs recommended improving these issues. The GPs motivation to change based on the PCPR was minimal.ConclusionsThe GPs evaluated the PCPR as poorly usable and were minimally motivated to change. The PCPR seems developed from the perspective of the reports’ commissioners, health insurers, and does not meet known criteria for effective A&F design and user-centred design. Importantly, the GPs did state that well-designed feedback could contribute to their motivation to improve clinical performance.Furthermore, the GPs stated that they receive a multitude of A&F reports, which they hardly use. Thus, we see a need for policy makers to invest in less, but more usable A&F reports.

The intersection of entrepreneurship and mental health has spurred many novel lines of scholarly inquiry. In this editorial, we summarize 23 such studies that have been published in Journal of Business Venturing Insights over the last seven years. In doing so, we emphasize both the differences and similarities among studies in this emerging body of research. Our work illustrates a variety of silos emerging in this growing research domain, as well as potential opportunities for greater theoretical extensions and cumulative knowledge building. We offer several proposals that establish entrepreneurship as a bridging context for mental health inquiries, a context with the potential to unify previously siloed discoveries and shift the knowledge frontier upwards. We conclude with a note for practitioners on the potential virtuous cycle that awaits.

This thesis is part of a line of research aimed at investigating how insights and results from the algebraic and relational semantics of given families of logics can contribute to the design of ‘good’ proof calculi for these logics. It focuses on the intersection between syntax and semantics in structural proof theory. The results of the present thesis develop the interface between syntax and semantics for proof-theoretic purposes in very specific ways: on the semantic side, these results build on and further develop the link between relational and algebraic semantics of logics given by discrete dualities and their associated unified correspondence results; on the syntactic side, these results further develop the theory of proper multi-type display calculi. The results of this thesis include: a systematic connection between the syntactic shape of analytic inductive axioms and the generation of cut-free derivations of these axioms from their associated analytic structural rules; the introduction of proper display calculi for monotone modal logic and conditional logic and a large family of their axiomatic extensions, thanks to a reformulation of their neighbourhood semantics in a suitable multitype relational environment; extending the semantic analysis for monotone modal logic and conditional logic to graded modal logic and proposing a new definition of graded bisimulation.

This dissertation discusses how municipality managers working in or for the social domain within the municipalities of Amsterdam, Rotterdam and The Hague practice leadership and learning when dealing with wicked problems. The study has led to the following key findings: First, the municipal managers in this study have been found to be eager and motivated to create added social value with their partners. Doing meaningful work is thus their primary incentive. At the same time, the way they put this into practice can involve the use of position power, particularly when they ultimately fail to achieve results while cooperating with others. Second, although municipal managers are familiar with the concept of wicked problems, they tend to simplify those problems to more manageable problems, whereby they use an approach they are familiar with, specifically when they experience pressure from the political organization to quickly achieve results. Third, municipal managers know wicked problems require a relational leadership approach. Simultaneously, the leadership skills they envision to be the most essential when dealing with wicked problems, i.e., self-management, vision, and courage, primarily focus on the manager as an individual. This does not necessarily imply that, in dealing with wicked problems, they do not pay attention to relational leadership qualities; it does imply, however, that the primary focus of leadership is on the manager’s own efforts and qualities, and not on those of the collective. Fourth, municipal managers know that learning to deal with wicked problems requires a relational approach. They would like to put this into practice but owing to the many tasks and changes they are confronted with by the political organization, they have little or no time for it. Fifth and finally, the study shows municipal managers consider the learning culture in their organizations to be insufficient in learning to deal with wicked problems. More specifically, they find it important to breed a culture of continuous learning in their organization, allowing them to be an example for others, which provides the safety and trust to (collectively) learn from mistakes and in which learning is embedded in the daily work routine. However, their organization offers little or no support in developing such a learning culture, and as a result of their daily tasks, municipal managers lack the time to be a learning example for others. The main finding of this study is that the examined municipal managers are familiar with the concept of wicked problems and are motivated to use a relational approach of leadership and learning in relation to these problems. To what extent they actually do so depends on several aspects, namely position power, the political organization, leadership qualities, time to learn collectively, and the learning culture. These aspects are of both a contextual (the political organization and learning culture) and individual (positional power, leadership qualities and time to learn collectively) nature, and interact with each other in an unpredictable manner. As a result, the way in which municipal managers implement a relational approach of leadership and learning is divers and depends on the outcomes of the unpredictable and continuously changing relational dynamics between the various contextual and individual aspects.

Background In patient choice, patients are expected to select the provider that best fits their preferences. In this study, we assess to what extent the hospital choice of patients in practice corresponds with their preferred choice. Methods Dutch patients with breast cancer (n = 631) and cataract (n = 1109) were recruited. We employed a discrete choice experiment (DCE) per condition to measure stated preferences and predict the distribution of patients across four hospitals. Each DCE included five attributes: patient experiences, a clinical outcome indicator, waiting time, travel distance and whether the hospital had been recommended (e.g., by the General Practitioner (GP)). Revealed choices were derived from claims data. Results Hospital quality was valued as most important in the DCE; the largest marginal rates of substitution (willingness to wait) were observed for the clinical outcome indicator (breast cancer: 38.6 days (95% confidence interval (95%CI): 32.9–44.2); cataract: 210.5 days (95%CI: 140.8–280.2)). In practice, it was of lesser importance. In revealed choices, travel distance became the most important attribute; it accounted for 85.5% (breast cancer) and 95.5% (cataract) of the log-likelihood. The predicted distribution of patients differed from that observed in practice in terms of absolute value and, for breast cancer, also in relative order. Similar results were observed in population weighted analyses. Discussion Study findings show that patients highly valued quality information in the choice for a hospital. However, in practice these preferences did not prevail. Our findings suggest that GPs played a major role and that patients mostly ended up selecting the nearest hospital.

We prove an algebraic canonicity theorem for normal LE-logics of arbitrary signature, in a generalized setting in which the non-lattice connectives are interpreted as operations mapping tuples of elements of the given lattice to closed or open elements of its canonical extension. Interestingly, the syntactic shape of LE-inequalities which guarantees their canonicity in this generalized setting turns out to coincide with the syntactic shape of analytic inductive inequalities, which guarantees LE-inequalities to be equivalently captured by analytic structural rules of a proper display calculus. We show that this canonicity result connects and strengthens a number of recent canonicity results in two different areas: subordination algebras, and transfer results via G\"odel-McKinsey-Tarski translations., Comment: arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:1603.08515, arXiv:1603.08341

The present paper proposes a novel way to unify Rough Set Theory and Formal Concept Analysis. Our method stems from results and insights developed in the algebraic theory of modal logic, and is based on the idea that Pawlak's original approximation spaces can be seen as special instances of enriched formal contexts, i.e. relational structures based on formal; contexts from Formal Concept Analysis.

Citizen engagement can take various forms and is receiving a great deal of interest, esspecially in municipalities, which are embracing citizen engagement and searching for ways to integrate it in their day to day work. In theory development, the concept of citizen engagement is captured with various terms covering numerous aspects. This leads to inconsistency and ambiguity and can lead to unproductive debates among those who organize it. Empirical research on how municipalities develop citizen engagement is still limited. This article aims at a deeper understanding of the phenomenon by exploring dominant patterns in the way municipalities organize citizen engagement, the role of those involved and practices that emerge. This article builds on empirical research in 4 Dutch municipalities, 1 Danish municipality and 1 South African municipality. It appears that in practice, citizen engagement comes with a complex dynamic. Organizing citizen engagement affects the entire municipality and can be seen as an intervention in the municipal organization and those involved.

OBJECTIVE: A sustainable healthcare system calls for strengthening the focus on prevention. In general, there is no articulated demand for preventive interventions by an individual. Prevention therefore requires a programmatic approach. Based on an empirical analysis of primary and secondary prevention in our healthcare system, we identify crucial elements of such an approach. DESIGN: Desk research METHOD: The online publication is based on 41 preventive interventions that, according to US guidelines for adults, certainly will (grade A) or are very likely (grade B) to improve health. We investigated whether these interventions were implemented in a similar manner in clinical or public health practice in the Netherlands, and how these interventions are organized, implemented and funded. RESULTS: In the US, a systematic approach for disease prevention is recommended for 15 drug or behavioural interventions. In the Netherlands, six of these (e.g. counselling excessive alcohol consumption) are offered only to patients who present themselves with complaints or questions. In the US, systematic early detection is recommended for 26 diseases. In the Netherlands, for eleven of those, no early detection programme has been implemented (e.g. hypertension). In the Netherlands, all interventions have a basis for funding. CONCLUSION: Firstly, it is recommended that consensus will be reached in the Netherlands about which preventive interventions should be systematically offered to whom. Secondly, strengthening prevention implies the systematic identification of those who might benefit from interventions, especially in case of drug and behavioural ones. Thirdly, our analysis points to the importance of funding that aligns with a programmatic approach.

PurposeWhile the classic futures pricing tool works well for capital markets that are less affected by sentiment, it needs further modification in China's case as retail investors constitute a large portion of the Chinese stock market participants. Their expectations of the rate of return are prone to emotional swings. This paper, therefore, explores the role of investor sentiment in explaining futures basis changes via the channel of implied discount rates.Design/methodology/approachUsing Chinese equity market data from 2010 to 2019, the authors augment the cost-of-carry model for pricing stock index futures by incorporating the investor sentiment factor. This design allows us to estimate the basis in a better way that reflects the relationship between the underlying index price and its futures price.FindingsThe authors find strong evidence that the measure of Chinese investor sentiment drives the abnormal fluctuations in the basis of China's stock index futures. Moreover, this driving force turns out to be much less prominent for large-cap stocks, liquid contracting frequencies, regulatory loosening periods and mature markets, further verifying the sentiment argument for basis mispricing.Originality/valueThis study contributes to the literature by relying on investor sentiment measures to explain the persistent discount anomaly of index futures basis in China. This finding is of great importance for Chinese investors with the intention to implement arbitrage, hedging and speculation strategies.

The importance of the individual decision-maker within the internationalization process of SMEs has extensively been acknowledged in the International Entrepreneurship field. Yet, despite this, the current discourse is mainly limited to socio-demographics, and social and human capital, and does not seem to advance towards the influence and role of, e.g., deeper-level personality aspects on the SME’s internationalization process. Findings are scattered across different fields of research and disciplines, making it difficult to build upon existing knowledge. To address this, we execute a Systematic Literature Review focusing on internationalization, SMEs, and personality, with specific attention for deeper-level personality aspects. Our findings reveal a rather young body of literature which uses a behavioral perspective, and can be subdivided into three overarching research themes: Internationalization Behaviors, Internationalization Initiation, and Internationalization Performance. Our thematic analysis and cross-thematic discussion provide a fertile ground for further studies on the entrepreneur’s deeper-level personality aspects in relation to SME internationalization. In the future research section, we recommend the exploration of alternative behavioral theories, and multi-level and holistic approaches to further explore this promising sub-domain.

This study focuses on the exit of MPs of underrepresented groups - that is, women, visible minorities and the lower educated- from parliamentary parties. Research has mostly focused on what brings these politicians into parliament, but not on what determines their survival within parliamentary parties. Based on the economic and sociological literature on organisations, we develop thehomophily hypothesis, positing that MPs from underrepresented groups will be more likely to exit their parliamentary party if their share within the parliamentary party is low. Utilising the PATHWAYS dataset, based on 5,889 unique MPs that served during 37 legislative periods across eight Western European countries between 1991 and 2015, this hypothesis is confirmed. These findings have important implications for the literature on descriptive representation and legislative turnover.

This paper continues the investigation of the logic of competing theories, be they scientific, social, political etc. We introduce a many-valued, multi-type modal language which we endow with relational semantics based on enriched reflexive graphs, inspired by Plo\v{s}\v{c}ica's representation of general lattices. We axiomatize the resulting many-valued, non-distributive modal logic of these structures and prove a completeness theorem. We illustrate the application of this logic through a case study in which we model competition among interacting political promises and social demands within an arena of political parties social groups., Comment: 24 pages

This study aims to investigate the day-of-the-week effect of cross-market leveraged exchange-traded funds (LETFs) in the Taiwanese stock market. We find that Wednesday's overnight returns are significantly positive for bull 2X LETFs tracking major stock indices of the Chinese market, whereas no such an effect is found for ETFs tracking local or other international stock markets. The “T + 1” trading rule and a lagged Monday effect potentially explain this anomaly. Finally, simulation analysis of various simple trading rules further shows that there exist exploitable profit opportunities in cross-market bull 2X LETF markets.

In the present paper, we endow semi De Morgan logic and a family of its axiomatic extensions with proper multi-type display calculi which are sound, complete, conservative, and enjoy cut elimination and subformula property. Our proposal builds on an algebraic analysis of the variety of semi De Morgan algebras, and applies the guidelines of the multi-type methodology in the design of display calculi.

Manufacturers seeking to provide smart product-service systems require new sets of capabilities such as digitalization and ecosystem-related capabilities. Studies have investigated these capabilities separately, although it seems to have an unexplored convergence between them. Therefore, this article aims to identify the digitalization and ecosystem-related capabilities of manufacturers in the agricultural machinery industry that are seeking digital servitization and offering smart product-service systems. Moreover, it aims to uncover the relationships among these capabilities to determine their driving and dependence power. A combination of methods was employed to achieve this result. First, a systematic literature review was conducted to define key digitalization and ecosystem-related capabilities. Next, the Interpretive Structural Modelling and fuzzy MICMAC analysis were employed to define the capabilities’ driving power and dependence power. By combining these analyses, we propose a conceptual framework that integrates these two sets of capabilities, which is comprised of three macro-layers: driving, linkage, and dependent. This article contributes to the literature by showing the interrelationships between digitalization and ecosystem-related capabilities. Also, it proposes a conceptual framework that groups capabilities based on their contributions to the development of digital service innovation.

In 2018 heeft Leading the Change het Talma Instituut verzocht een programmatische aanpak te ontwikkelen om zorgprofessionals te faciliteren bij de implementatie van zorgevaluaties op basis van een vooronderzoek. Uitgangspunten daarbij waren het versterken van de leercultuur en het verminderen van drempels voor implementatie. Op basis van een vooronderzoek omvat de voorgestelde aanpak versnelling implementatie door: (1) Ontwikkelen van spiegelinformatie op basis van bestaande, lande¬lijke datasets (EPD en declaratie data), zodat zorgprofessionals inzichtelijk krijgen hoe ze zich gedragen ten opzichte van anderen, een prikkel krijgen om hun gedrag waar nodig aan te passen, en voortgang van implementatie kunnen inzien; (2) Systematische analyse van (financiële) impact door verandering van gangbare behandeling voor patiënt, professional en zorgverlener, zodat eventuele drempels voor implementatie transparant worden en kunnen worden geadresseerd; (3) Formuleren van escalatiemogelijkheden die bijdragen aan de implementatie van zorgevaluaties, met aangrijpingspunten in de verschillende fasen vanaf het opstellen van een ken¬nisagenda voor nader onderzoek tot en met een aanpassing van de vergoeding van zorg. In het rapport zijn de resultaten samengevat. In deze rapportage is per onderdeel in detail doel, aanpak, resultaten en toepassingsmogelijkheden uitgewerkt. De rapportage bevat verwijzingen naar deelrapportages die gedurende het project zijn opgesteld.

To date, there has been little agreement in the literature on what exactly constitutes radical drug innovation and how to properly measure this important construct. Without a validated measure, our ability to understand radical drug innovations, explain their origins, and demonstrate their implications for management and health policy is limited. This paper addresses the problem of radical drug innovation measurement, provides evidence of the limitations associated with the current state of the art, and offers a new method based on German health technology assessments (HTA). Data was obtained for 147 drugs authorized by the European Medicines Agency from 2011 to 2016. The innovativeness of these drugs was assessed using current measures of radical drug innovation compared with the newly developed measure. Findings indicate that current measures of radical drug innovation are associated with very inconsistent outcomes and do not appear to measure what they purport to measure. This study argues that assessing therapeutic value (as measured by the German HTA) is particularly important, given that drug novelty alone does not conclusively indicate whether a drug will deliver therapeutic value.

The rigor-versus-relevance debate in the world of academia is, by now, an old-time classic that does not seem to go away so easily. The grassroots movement Responsible Research in Business and Management, for instance, is a very active and prominent advocate of the need to change current research practices in the management domain, broadly defined. One of its main critiques is that current research practices are not apt to address day-to-day management challenges, nor do they allow such management challenges to feed into academic research. In this paper, we address this issue, and present a research design, referred to as CARE, that is aimed at building a bridge from rigor to relevance, and vice versa. In so doing, we offer a template for conducting rigorous research with immediate impact, contributing to solving issues that businesses are struggling with through a design that facilitates causal inference.