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Orientador: Lucia H. Innocentini Mei Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Quimica Resumo: Foi realizada uma seleção entre 51 cepas de fungos ligninolíticos para descoloração de efluentes fenólicos industriais. A seleção mostrou que a cepa Lentinus edodes UED-2019 remove 73% da cor, 60% da DQO (Demanda Química de oxigênio), 30% da DBO (Demanda Bioquímica de Oxigênio), 70% da massa molecular e 30% de fenóis em 120 horas, sem fonte adicional de carbono. Sob estas condições L. edodes foi mais eficiente que o conhecido Phanerochaete chrysosporium (BKM-F-1767). Observou-se uma pequena remoção de cor devida á adsorção micelial (13%) durante 120 horas em efluente Kraft. Foi avaliada, em escala de bancada, a remoção de cor do efluente E1 em um biorreator de leito recheado modificado (330 ml) operado em estado estacionário, utilizando-se l. edodes imobilizado em nylon e em cavacos de madeira de Eucalyptus grandis. No biorreator, operado durante 120 horas, observou-se 70% de redução de cor, 36% de fenóis e 67% de DQO na imobilização em nylon. Na imobilização nos cavacos encontrou-se 42% de remoção de cor e 26% de redução de fenóis. Esses métodos parecem ser eficientes no processo de descontaminação, representando um grande potencial no tratamento de efluentes industriais Abstract: A screeting of 51 ligninolytic strains of fungi to examine their ability to decolorized phenolic industrial effluents was carried out. The selection showed that Lentinus edodes UEC-2019 strain removed 73% of color, 60% of COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand), 30% of BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand), 70% of molecular mass decrease and 30% phenols in 120 hours, without any additional carbon sources. Under these conditions L. edodes was more efficient than the known Phanerochaete chrysosporium (BKM-F-1767). A little color removal adsorption on the mycelium (13%) was observed during the 120 hours in Kraft mill effluent. The stady-state color removal from the effluent E1 in a bench-scale modified packed-bed bioreactor (330 ml) using L. edodes immobilized in nylon and wood chips of Eucalyptus grandis was evaluated. In a bioreactor, which operated by 120 hours a reduction of 70% of color, 36% of phenols and 67% of COD immobilized in nylon were found, also a 42% of color and 26% of phenols in wood immobilized chips were found. These methods appeared to be an efficient process of decontamination with a great industrial potential in effluent treatment Mestrado Ciência e Tecnologia de Materiais Mestre em Engenharia Química

Orientador: Lucia Helena Innocentini Mei Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Quimica Resumo: O tratamento biológico de efluentes é um processo promissor para a redução do impacto ambiental ocasionado pela liberação dos efluentes Abstract: Biological treatment of effluent is a promissing process for reduction of the environmental impact due to the effluent discharge from the pulp and paper industry. Two fungal strais, Lentinula (=Lentinus) edodes UEC-209 and UEC-2021, previously selected for this purpose were studied. The principal aim of this study was to determine the optimal conditions for the effluent treatment from pulp and paper industry with the selected fungi in a modified air-lift-packed bed reactor. The condictions for the lignin peroxidase (LiP) and for manganese peroxidase (MnP) production, L. edodes free and immobiljzed system at Erlenmeyer and bioreactor scale with different nature of organochloride compounds were studied. The oxygen transfer coefficient ('K IND. L¿a) in free and immobilized system at the flow rate of 400, 600, and 800 mL/min of oxygen, which is an essential information of aerobic treatment was also studied. The results showed that the best conditions for the enzymatic production were 1.25% of malt extract, without any extra nitrogen source and in free micelial growth. L. edodes UEC-2021 appeared as the most efficient fungus for effluent decontamination of different nature, reaching 100% of acute toxicity reduction. The kLamore adequate in the bioreactor studied was the free system (0.18 min-I). In this condition a 63% of phenoI reduction, 32% of chIorolignin degradation and 37.5% of AOX removal after 3 days of treatment were obtained ...Note: The complete abstract is available with the full electronic digital thesis or dissertations Doutorado Ciência e Tecnologia de Materiais Doutor em Engenharia Química

The relations between early deprivation and the development of the neuroendocrine and central components of the mammalian stress response have been examined frequently. However, little is known about the impact of early deprivation on the developmental trajectories of autonomic function. Children adopted between 15-36 months from institutional care were examined during their first 16 months post-adoption (N = 60). Comparison groups included same-aged peers reared in their birth families (N = 50) and children adopted internationally from overseas foster care (N = 46). The present study examined trajectories of baseline autonomic nervous system function longitudinally following entry into adopted families. Post-institutionalized children had higher sympathetic tone, measured by pre-ejection period (PEP). Individual differences in PEP soon after adoption served as a mediator between early deprivation and parent-reported behavioral problems 2 years post-adoption. There were no group differences in parasympathetic function, indexed by respiratory sinus arrhythmia. All three groups showed similar trajectories of ANS function across the 16 month period.

Orientadores: Lucia Helena Innocentini Mei, Nelson Eduardo Duran Caballero Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Quimica Resumo: A enorme quantidade de plásticos sintéticos, anualmente descartada, torna difícil prever um futuro da Humanidade sem uma política global para diminuir o impacto deste tipo de lixo no meio ambiente. Dessa maneira, muitos grupos de pesquisa têm buscado soluções que garantam um desenvolvimento sustentável, onde o Homem e o meio possam conviver sem causar prejuízos entre si. Com este princípio, buscamos neste trabalho o desenvolvimento de blendas biodegradáveis de polímeros naturais, com potencial para substituir alguns dos plásticos convencionais, contribuindo para o binômio produção versus preservação ambiental. Uma biomolécula natural utilizada foi a Lignina, uma macromolécula do bagaço de cana de açúcar, disponível em grande quantidade nos países tropicais como o Brasil. O outro componente da blenda, o copolímero de poli(hidroxibutirato-co-hidroxivalerato) ou PHBV, é um termoplástico natural, biodegradável e biocompatível. Blendas de Lignina: PHBV foram processadas num misturador Haake, e preparadas em várias porcentagens (m/m); isto é: (20:80)%, (40:60)%, (50:50)%; (60:40)%; (80:20)% e (0:100) %, respectivamente. A porcentagem (50:50)% foi escolhida para os estudos de propriedades mecânicas por apresentar boas características de resistência, sendo processada no misturador Haake, extrusora monorosca e injetada para a confecção dos corpos de prova. Foi estudada a biodegradação das amostras, em meio líquido e sólido, por ação dos fungos Trametes versicolor e Phanerochaete chrysosporium. A caracterização da Blenda 50:50% foi feita por infravermelho com transformada de Fourier(FT-IV); Calorimetria Diferencial Exploratória (DSC); Análise Dinâmico Mecânica (DMA); Microscopia Eletrônica de Varredura (MEV); Análise Elementar e Ressonância Magnética Nuclear de Próton (RMN- H). Através dos resultados pode-se constatar que o material obtido foi susceptível à biodegradação com Trametes versicolor e Phanerochaete chrysosporium e apresenta um bom potencial pela rigidez apresentada para utilização na área de Engenharia, especificamente na área de ciências de materiais Abstract: The great amount of synthetic polymers discharged every year in the urban solid waste is growing fast and makes difficult to see the future without a global politics to solve this environmental problem. In this way, many groups of researchers are studying solutions that may guarantee a sustainable development, where Man and Environment can live in a good balance. With this principle, the aim of this work was the development of biodegradable blends , using two natural polymers, with potencial to substitute some of those conventional polymers, contributing to the balance Production versus Environment. In this work, we used a natural biomolecule called Lignin, a macromolecule from sugar-cane bagasse that is abundant in tropical countries like Brazil. The other component of the blend was a copolymer of poly(hydroxybutyrate-co-hydroxyvalerate) or PHBV, a natural biodegradable polyester, from polyhydroxyalKanoates¿ family (PHAs). Blends of Lignin:PHBV were processed in a mechanical mixer and prepared in several percentages (w/w) : (20:80)%, (40:60)%, (50:50)%; (60:40)%; (80:20)% e (0:100) % , respectively. The blend corresponding to (50:50)% was chosen for the studies of mechanical properties for presenting appropriate characteristics for the study, than the other mixtures, being processed in a single screw extruder and injected to obtain ASTM (D 638) specimens for mechanical tests. The samples biodegradation was studied in liquid and solid medium, in the action of Trametes versicolor and Phanerochaete chrysosporium, a kind of fungi. The blend (50%:50%) characterization was done by Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), Differential Scanning Calorimetric (DSC), Mechanical Dynamic Analysis (DMA); Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Nuclear Magnetic Resonance of Proton (H-NMR,) elementary analysis and Thermogravimetry. Through the results it may be seen that the material obtained is susceptible to biodegradation by Trametes versicolor and Phanerochaete chrysosporium, a kind of whiterot fungi, and it presents a good potential for application in the engineering field Mestrado Mestre em Engenharia Química