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Mechanochemistry is one of the ten great discoveries of green chemistry methods for synthesizing new substances. A drug substance from the fluoroquinolone group was exposed to high-intensity mechanical impacts using a laboratory knife mill for 21 min and constantly monitored by analyzing samples extracted every 3 min with DLS, SLS, LALLS, 2D-LS, optical and digital microscopy, FTIR, and Spirotox methods. A dispersity phenomenon was detected in an area where catastrophic dislocations formed and multiplied via laser methods. The positive correlation between the temperature of deformation and stress was demonstrated, similar to a typical stress–strain curve of a Bochvar–Oding curve and Young’s modulus: the angular coefficient of the straight section to OX was tgα = 10 min−1. Z-Average, ζ-potential, and polydispersity index dependences were represented as discontinuous periodic oscillations analogous to the defect and impurity transitions near the dislocation core. Deformation r from the high-intensity mechanical impact resulted in covalent bonds showing hyper- and hypochromic effects under FTIR spectra, a bathochromic shift of the maximum, and an oscillation emission at 3240 cm−1. A 2D-LS fingerprint diagram obtained via the topological convolution of the light scattering matrix made it possible to distinguish the off-loading samples from the native substance. The investigation of the dissolution kinetics in water via laser diffraction led to conclusions about the limiting diffusion stage and the acceleration of the mechanoactivation of the solid body’s dissolution under both linear and plastic deformation. The acceleration of obsEa of the cell death process in the temperature range from 296 to 302 K indicated a significant (2.5-fold) decrease in the toxicity of the aqueous 9 mM (1:3) sample solution at 21 min compared to that of the native levofloxacin. Adherence to the mechanochemistry laws provides an opportunity for drug repositioning to change their brand status by identifying new physicochemical and biological properties.

This brief review provides up-to-date information on the management of malignant pleural effusions (MPE). In general, selection of the most appropriate treatment approach should be individualized. Management of MPE relies on tumor type, pulmonary re-expansion, performance status, symptoms, and life expectancy. Pleurodesis and IPC placement are two effective treatments recommended for recurrent MPE, both of which can effectively improve dyspnea and quality of life of patients. Other options such as intrapleural therapies, radiation therapy, and pleuroperitoneal shunting are alternative treatments. However, most of these treatments are temporary, and MPE would recur soon. Hence, further palliative treatments to effectively control pleural effusions and relieve symptoms are necessary.

© 2021 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. Background and Aims Previous studies have shown that age of acquisition affects language production in persons with aphasia (PWA), specifically, earlier-acquired words are better preserved compared to later-learned ones (for review, see Brysbaert & Ellis, 2016). Also, it has been argued that naming objects with lower name agreement requires inhibition of alternative names (Alario et al., 2004), and therefore puts higher demands on cognitive control. Bose and Schafer (2017) showed that although both PWA and healthy controls performed better at naming words with high naming agreement, the difference between the naming conditions was significantly greater for PWA. This could be due to reduced ability to inhibit irrelevant information in PWA. The current study aims to investigate whether cognitive control mediates the effects of psycholinguistic variables on object naming accuracy in aphasia. Methods and Procedures Participants (N = 31, 32% female) were right-handed, native Russian speakers with preserved visual and hearing abilities diagnosed with mild to moderate post-stroke aphasia. They were aged 40–70 (mean = 59.5, SD = 8.6). The participants were tested on a picture-naming task including 247 items and 2 subtests from the Russian Birmingham Cognitive Screen, namely Auditory attention, and Rule Finding tasks. Outcomes and Results To define whether cognitive control mediates the effect of psycholinguistic variables on naming response accuracy, multiple linear regression was used. Significant main effects of log-transformed word frequency, AoA, and cognitive control were found, as well as a significant interaction between log-transformed word frequency and cognitive control. Conclusions Our findings suggest that cognitive control mediated the effect of word frequency in naming in aphasia. PWA with weaker cognitive control name pictures depicting less-frequent words less accurately than more frequent words. This points to the fact that PWA have difficulty in lexical access when producing language. The implications of the study are that the focus of aphasia rehabilitation should be on very frequent structures and words as these are usually more preserved in PWA with weaker cognitive control.

OBJECTIVE:The Oxford Cognitive Screen (OCS) is a screening tool for the assessment of poststroke deficits in attention, memory, praxis, language, and number processing. The goal of the present study was to develop a Russian version of the OCS (Rus-OCS) via translation of the original battery, its cultural and linguistic adaptations, and reporting preliminary findings on its psychometric properties. METHOD: All parts of OCS were translated by native Russian-speaking neuropsychologists. Russian-speaking stroke patients (N = 205) were assessed with the Rus-OCS. Their performance was compared with performance of 60 healthy Russian-speaking adults aged between the ages of 18 and 91 years. The performance of 15 stroke patients and 42 healthy adults were assessed with a parallel version within 7 days of first testing. Convergent validity of the Rus-OCS was established via correlations with comparable tasks. Performance of three stroke groups with different lesion lateralization (right, left, and bilateral) was compared on language and visual attention subtasks. Preliminary normative data based on 5th to 95th percentile were also reported. RESULTS: Measures of internal consistency and test-retest reliability ranged from acceptable to very good and estimates of convergent validity ranged from moderate to high. Sensitivity and specificity was found to range from .56 to 1 and from .73 to 1, respectively. Significant differences in performance between stroke and healthy groups on all subtasks confirmed the discriminative power of the Rus-OCS was good. CONCLUSIONS: Rus-OCS is a promising cognitive screening instrument for Russian-speaking patients. However, further validation is needed. Constraints of socioeconomic differences between Russian speakers in the wider population should be considered. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).

Existence of symmetric complex waves in a metamaterial dielectric rod and a perfectly conducting cylinder of circular cross section covered by a concentric layer of metamaterial, a metamaterial Goubau line, is proved. Analytical investigation and numerical solution of dispersion equations reveal several important properties of running waves inherent to open metal-metamaterial waveguides which have not been reported for waveguides filled with standard media.

Existence of symmetric complex waves in a dielectric rod (DR) - a dielectric waveguide of circular cross section - is proved by analyzing functional properties of the dispersion equations (DEs) usi ...

Stone-birch (Betula ermanii) forests were studied at the northern limit of their range in the north of the Koryaksky District. The species composition, community structure, and habitats of stone-birch groves are described. Their altitudinal position and geographical distribution are discussed. A classification of stone-birch communities on Olyutorsky Gulf coast was developed using the dominant-determinant approach. Within the study area, the community diversity of stone-birch forests was represented by 5 associationsforming 3 groups of associations: Betuleta pteridosa (fern-rich stone-birch forests), Betuleta calamagrostidosa (grass-rich stone-birch forests), and Betuleta fruticosa (shrub-rich stone-birch forests). All the syntaxa have been previously described from the Kamchatka Peninsula. The Koryak communities differed from their Kamchatka analogues in the floristic composition, lower species diversity, and high density of the shrub layer. The most important characteristics of shrub-rich stone-birch communities were the high abundance of Sorbus sambucifolia and Alnus fruticosa, while for fern-rich communities it was the predominance of Dryopteris expansa in the herb layer. The intrazonal stone-birch groves are considered to be the remnants of widespread birch forests of the Holocene climate optimum, which ended ca. 5 Ka B. P. They have survived on the southern maritime slopes of the Koryak Upland ridges and turned into fragmentary and floristically impoverished communities. The relic stone-birch groves of the Koryak Upland are regarded as rare and endangered communities in need of special protection.

This article discusses the degree of offshorization of the Russian economy, which causes enormous damage to the development of the country's economy. The most well-known schemes of the offshore business are presented. The attractiveness of financial activities in offshore zones contributes to the outflow of capital from Russia. In order to avoid further export of capital and the laundering of criminal proceeds, it is necessary to take certain measures presented in this article.

Existence of symmetric surface complex waves in a Goubau line—a perfectly conducting cylinder of circular cross-section covered by a concentric dielectric layer—is proved by constructing perturbation of the spectrum of symmetric real waves with respect to the imaginary part of the permittivity of the dielectric cover. Closed-form iteration procedures for calculating the roots of the dispersion equation (DE) in the complex domain supplied with efficient choice of initial approximation are developed. Numerical modeling is performed with the help of a parameter-differentiation method applied to the analytical and numerical solution of DEs.