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Botulinum toxin type A (BTX-A) has been used as one of the treatment options to control sialorrhea, however its systemic effects after chronic treatment are not yet known. Therefore, the objective was to evaluate histopathological alterations of the hepatic and renal parenchyma of rats chronically treated with botulinum toxin type A injection in the submandibular-sublingual complex. Twenty-one adult Wistar rats were divided into three groups with 7 animals each: control; groups BTX-12 and BTX-35, which received 3 intercalated applications of BTX-A. The BTX-12 and BTX-35 groups were analyzed at 12 and 35 days after treatment, respectively. Histopathological and histomorphometric analyzes of the liver and kidney of all animals in the groups were performed. In the liver, histopathological changes were observed characterized by hypertrophy of hepatocytes, pyknosis, centrilobular degeneration and lymphohistiocytic, neutrophilic infiltrate and in the kidneys, decreased capsular space, glomerulopathies and degenerations in nephrons and convoluted tubules were observed. Histomorphometry revealed a reduction in the size of the hepatocyte nuclei and also of the renal glomerulus. Therefore, it can be suggested that botulinum toxin type A administered to rats for the treatment of sialorrhea has hepatotoxic and nephrotoxic potential. La toxina botulínica tipo A (BTX-A) se ha utilizado como una de las opciones de tratamiento para controlar la sialorrea, sin embargo, aún no se conocen sus efectos sistémicos después del tratamiento crónico. Por tanto, el objetivo fue evaluar las alteraciones histopatológicas del parénquima hepático y renal de ratas tratadas crónicamente con inyección de toxina botulínica tipo A en el complejo submandibular-sublingual. Veintiún ratas Wistar adultas se dividieron en tres grupos de 7 animales cada uno: control; grupos BTX-12 y BTX-35, que recibieron 3 aplicaciones intercaladas de BTX-A. Los grupos BTX-12 y BTX-35 se analizaron a los 12 y 35 días después del tratamiento, respectivamente. Se realizaron análisis histopatológicos e histomorfométricos del hígado y riñón de todos los animales de los grupos. En hígado se observaron cambios histopatológicos caracterizados por hipertrofia de hepatocitos, picnosis, degeneración centrolobulillar e infiltrado linfohistiocitario, neutrofílico y en riñones se observó disminución del espacio capsular, glomerulopatías y degeneraciones en nefronas y túbulos contorneados. La histomorfometría reveló una reducción del tamaño de los núcleos de los hepatocitos y también del glomérulo renal. Por lo tanto, se puede sugerir que la toxina botulínica tipo A administrada a ratas para el tratamiento de la sialorrea tiene potencial hepatotóxico y nefrotóxico. A toxina botulínica tipo A (BTX-A) tem sido utilizada como uma das opções de tratamento para controlar a sialorreia, entretanto ainda não se conhece seus efeitos sistêmicos após tratamento crônico. Sendo assim, objetivou-se avaliar alterações histopatológicas do parênquima hepático e renal de ratas tratadas cronicamente com injeção de toxina botulínica tipo A no complexo submandibular-sublingual. Foram utilizadas 21 ratas Wistar adultas, distribuídas em três grupos com 7 animais cada: controle; grupos BTX-12 e BTX-35, que receberam 3 aplicações intercaladas de BTX-A. O grupo BTX-12 e BTX-35 foram analisados aos 12 e 35 dias após o tratamento, respectivamente. Foram realizadas as análises histopatológicas e histomorfométricas do fígado e do rim de todos os animais dos grupos. No fígado foi observado alterações histopatológicas caracterizadas por hipertrofia de hepatócitos, picnose, degeneração centrolobular e infiltrado linfo-histiocitário, neutrofílico e nos rins foi observado diminuição do espaço capsular, glomerulopatias e degenerações nos néfrons e túbulos contorcidos. A histomorfometria revelou redução no tamanho dos núcleos dos hepatócitos e também do glomérulo renal. Sendo assim, pode-se sugerir que a toxina botulínica tipo A administrada em ratas para o tratamento da sialorreia tem potencial hepatotóxico e nefrotóxico.

Ivermectin, the pharmacological principle of a veterinary drug has an antiparasitic effect against endo and ectoparasites, it is widely used in veterinary practice. This drug is biotransformed in the liver, resulting in 3 metabolites, the most important being 24-hydroxy-methyl-dihydroavermectin B1. The liver is essential in regulating metabolism, in the synthesis of certain proteins, serving as a storage site for certain vitamins and iron, degrading certain hormones and inactivating and excreting certain drugs and toxins. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the morphology of the livers of pregnant rats treated with ivermectin. For this purpose, 30 albino rats were used, which were divided into 3 groups of 10 animals. The annimals were placed to mate and after the detection of pregnancy, the presence of sperm in the vaginal smear performed on the morning of the following day, being thus designated the first day of pregnancy, each animal was treated with ivermectin, in the dose corresponding to each group for 18 days, with administration every 3 (three) days, totaling 6 administrations. After this period, the liver was collected, weighed on an analytical balance and processed for light microscopy. The analysis of the relative weight of the livers of pregnant and non-pregnant rats did not reveal any significant difference between the experimental groups, where treatment with ivermectin at doses of 4.0 and 8.0 mg / kg did not alter the relative mass of the liver, nor did it show changes in color, texture, consistency and bleeding. Regarding the study through light microscopy, histopathological changes were not observed. La ivermectina, el principio farmacológico de un medicamento veterinario tiene un efecto antiparasitario contra endo y ectoparásitos, es ampliamente utilizado en la práctica veterinaria. Este fármaco se biotransforma en el hígado, dando como resultado 3 metabolitos, siendo el más importante la 24-hidroxi-metil-dihidroavermectina B1. El hígado es fundamental en la regulación del metabolismo, en la síntesis de determinadas proteínas, sirviendo de lugar de almacenamiento de determinadas vitaminas y hierro, degradando determinadas hormonas e inactivando y excretando determinados fármacos y toxinas. Por tanto, este estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar la morfología de los hígados de ratas preñadas tratadas con ivermectina. Para ello se utilizaron 30 ratas albinas, que se dividieron en 3 grupos de 10 animales. Los animales fueron colocados para aparearse y luego de la detección de gestación, la presencia de espermatozoides en el frotis vaginal realizado en la mañana del día siguiente, siendo así designado el primer día de gestación, cada animal fue tratado con ivermectina, en la dosis correspondiente a cada grupo durante 18 días, con administración cada 3 (tres) días, totalizando 6 administraciones. Después de este período, se recogió el hígado, se pesó en una balanza analítica y se procesó para microscopía óptica. El análisis del peso relativo de los hígados de ratas gestantes y no gestantes no reveló una diferencia significativa entre los grupos experimentales, donde el tratamiento con ivermectina a dosis de 4.0 y 8.0 mg / kg no alteró la masa relativa del hígado, ni mostró cambios de color, textura, consistencia y sangrado. En cuanto al estudio mediante microscopía óptica, no se observaron cambios histopatológicos. A Ivermectina, princípio farmacológico de um medicamento de uso veterinário possui efeito antiparasitário contra endo e ectoparasitos, é amplamente utilizada na prática veterinária. Esta droga é biotransformada no fígado, resultando em 3 metabólitos, sendo o mais importante o 24-hidroxi-metil-diidroavermectina B1. O fígado é essencial na regulação do metabolismo, na síntese de certas proteínas, servindo como local de armazenagem para certas vitaminas e ferro, degradando certos hormônios e inativando e excretando certos medicamentos e toxinas. Portanto, este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a morfologia dos fígados de ratas prenhes tratadas com ivermectina. Para tanto foram utilizadas 30 ratas albinas, as quais foram divididas em 3 grupos de 10 animais. Os animais foram colocados para acasalar e após a detecção da prenhez, presença de espermatozóides no esfregaço vaginal realizado na manhã do dia seguinte, sendo assim designado o primeiro dia de gestação, cada animal foi tratado com ivermectina, na dose correspondente a cada grupo durante 18 dias, com administração a cada 3 (três) dias, totalizando 6 administrações. Após esse período o fígado foi coletado, pesado em balança analítica e processado para microscopia de luz. A análise do peso relativo dos fígados das ratas prenhes e não prenhes não revelou diferença significativa entre os grupos experimentais, onde o tratamento com ivermectina nas doses de 4,0 e 8,0 mg/kg não alterou a massa relativa do fígado, nem apresentou alterações na cor, textura, consistência e hemorragias. Com relação ao estudo através da microscopia de luz, não foram observadas alterações histopatológicas.

Introduction: Serotonin is a neurotransmitter implicated on the control of several bodies roles including the regulation of circadian rhythm, of sleepiness, body temperature, motor and cognitive activities and of growth and development of tissues during embryogenesis. Objective: The aim of the present study is to assay the morphological aspects of the root dentin of upper first molars from pups of rats that were treated with fluoxetine in pregnancy. Methodology: For such, we conducted a random experimental study by using used 12 Wistar pregnant rats divided into three groups: C, FX and FL group. From the first to the 21 day of pregnancy, the rats received saline solution or fluoxetine hydrochloride solution, subcutaneously, according to the group to which they belonged. Subsequently, the offspring of animals was divided into subsets according to the age of tooth germ development to be studied: C20 and C45 (control group of 20 and 45 days of age); FL20 and FL45 (treated group with fluoxetine 10 mg/kg body weight of 20 and 45 days of life) and FX20 and FX45 (treated group with fluoxetine 20 mg/kg body weight of 20 and 45 days old). The thickness of root dentin, predentin thickness and length of odontoblasts were analyzed at the offspring samples. The data were tabulated and statistical values were performed with a significance level p < 0,05. Results/Conclusion: Studies have shown significant changes in dentinogenesis root of the groups treated with fluoxetine at doses of 10 and 20 mg / kg body weight during pregnancy.

Resumo A língua é considerada um órgão-chave para os morcegos, pois os caracteres especializados são utilizados para fins taxonômicos e sistemáticos, estudos cladísticos e elucidação dos padrões dos hábitos alimentares. Objetivou-se caracterizar morfologicamente a língua das espécies Artibeus lituratus, Artibeus planirostris, Artibeus obscurus e Dermanura cinerea e relatar a primeira evidência de melanina no epitélio lingual de morcegos. Foram utilizados 20 exemplares coletados nos municípios de Vitória de Santo Antão e Sirinhaém, em Pernambuco. As línguas foram extraídas e submetidas a técnicas histológicas de rotina, coradas com hematoxilina e eosina (HE) e Fontana-Masson. Nas quatro espécies, foi observado o epitélio estratificado pavimentoso queratinizado, porém com presença de grânulos de melanina na camada basal somente nas espécies A. lituratus, A. planirostris e A. obscurus, evidenciados por meio da técnica de coloração por Fontana-Masson. A melanina encontrada na língua dessas espécies caracteriza-se como o primeiro registro para a ordem Chiroptera e pode estar relacionada à assepsia oral e/ou à inibição de substâncias tóxicas presentes em vegetais. Portanto, há necessidade de novos estudos, visando aprimorar o conhecimento acerca da função do pigmento nesse órgão. Abstract The tongue is regarded as a key organ for bats, since the specialized characters are used for taxonomic and systematic purposes, cladistic studies, and elucidation of patterns of eating habits. This study aimed to characterize morphologically the tongue in the species Artibeus lituratus, Artibeus planirostris, Artibeus obscurus, and Dermanura cinerea, and to report the first evidence of melanin in the lingual epithelium of bats. We used 20 specimens collected in the municipalities of Vitória de Santo Antão and Sirinhaém, in Pernambuco State, Brazil. The tongues were extracted and submitted to routine histological techniques, stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) and Fontana-Masson. In the four species, the keratinized stratified pavement epithelium was observed, but with the presence of melanin granules on the basal layer only in the species A. lituratus, A. planirostris, and A. obscurus, evidenced through the Fontana-Masson staining technique. The melanin found in the tongue of these species is characterized as the first record for the order Chiroptera and it may be related to oral asepsis, and/or inhibition of toxic substances observed in plants. Therefore, there is a need for further studies, aiming to improve our knowledge of the function of pigment in this organ.

Com o objetivo de avaliar a toxicidade de diferentes concentrações das favas de Stryphnodendron fissuratum em vacas prenhes, as favas desta árvore foram moídas, misturadas à ração comercial e fornecidas a oito vacas nas doses totais de 6,5g/kg, 7,5g/kg, 9g/kg e 10g/kg. Os animais que receberam doses de 6,5g/kg pariram bezerros normais e aqueles que receberam 7,5g/kg pariram bezerros fracos que não sobreviveram. Doses de 9g/kg resultaram no nascimento de um bezerro imaturo e de outro bezerro com distiquíase, opacidade congênita das córneas e microftalmia. Ambas as vacas que ingeriram 10g/kg morreram, porém uma vaca abortou antes de morrer. Nas vacas que morreram, as lesões macroscópicas e histológicas do sistema digestivo e fígado foram semelhantes às descritas anteriormente na intoxicação por S. fissuratum. Nos bezerros e no feto abortado não foram observadas lesões macroscópicas ou histológicas significantes. A análise fitoquímica dos extratos metanólicos das favas de S. fissuratum revelou a presença de taninos hidrossolúveis, proantocianidinas, leucoantocianidinas e da saponina triterpénica β-amirina. Saponinas triterpénicas têm sido associadas com a toxicidade das favas de Stryphnodendron spp. e Enterolobium spp., que causam sinais clínicos semelhantes aos observados na intoxicação por S. fissuratum. Esta pesquisa confirmou a toxicidade das favas de S. fissuratum para bovinos, no entanto não foram confirmados os efeitos abortivos das mesmas, pois o aborto e as mortes neonatais observadas podem ser decorrentes dos efeitos tóxicos da planta nas mães. Novas pesquisas são necessárias para pesquisar se as favas da planta causam malformações semelhantes às observas em um dos bezerros nascidos vivos. To evaluate the toxicity of different concentrations of pods of Stryphnodendron fissuratum to pregnant cows, the pods of this tree were grounded, mixed in a commercial food and given to eight pregnant cows in total doses of 6.5g/kg, 7.5g/kg, 9g/kg and 10g/kg. The animals that received doses of 6.5g/kg delivered normal calves and those that received 7.5g/kg delivered weak calves that did not survive. Doses of 9g/kg resulted in the birth of an immature calf and another with congenital bilateral distichiasis, corneal opacity, and microphthalmia. Both cows that ingested 10g/kg died, and one of these aborted before death. In the dead cows, the gross and histological lesions of the digestive system and liver were similar to those previously described in S. fissuratum poisoning. No significant lesions were observed in the calves and in the aborted fetus. The phytochemical analysis of methanol extracts from pods of S. fissuratum revealed the presence of soluble tannins, proanthocyanidins, leucoanthocyanidins and the triterpenoid saponin β-amyrin. Triterpenoid saponins had been associated with the toxicity of Stryphnodendron spp. and Enterolobium spp., which cause clinical signs similar to those observed in the poisoning by S. fissuratum. The results presented herein confirmed the toxicity of S. fissuratum to bovines. However, the abortive effects of this plant was not confirmed; thus because the abortion and neonatal deaths could be due to the toxicity of the pods to the cows. New research should be done to demonstrate if S. fissuratum is a cause of malformations similar to those observed in one of the calves born from the treated cows.

AIM: To evaluate the morphological aspects of coronal dentinogenesis in the first molars of 1- and 5-day-old rats whose mothers were treated with fluoxetine hydrochloride during pregnancy. METHODS: Twelve pregnant Wistar rats were divided randomly into three groups: group C (control), group FL (fluoxetine administered at 10 mg/kg bodyweight), and group FX (fluoxetine administered at 20 mg/kg bodyweight). Saline (0.9%) solution or fluoxetine hydrochloride was administered subcutaneously for the first 21 days of pregnancy. Subsequently, the offspring of these animals was subdivided into subgroups according to age of tooth germ development to be studied: 1 and 5 days of life. C1 and C5 (control group 1 and 5 days of age); FL1 and FL5 (groups treated with 10 mg/kg fluoxetine at 1 and 5 days of age); FX5 and FX1 (groups treated with 20 mg/ kg fluoxetine at 1 and 5 days of age). RESULTS: No structural changes in the dentin-pulp complex of rats whose mothers were treated with fluoxetine hydrochloride were observed at either dose. CONCLUSIONS: Fluoxetine, at the doses administered during pregnancy in this study, did not alter the morphological development of the coronal dentin-pulp complex in their offspring.

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-29T07:13:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-01-01 The present paper was aimed to evaluate the efficiency of n-butyl cyanoacrylate and the nylon brassard as methods for occlusion of bronchial stump and the aerostasia maintenance, comparing it with the manual suture technique on an experimental model using pig tracheobronchial trees, submitted to increasing levels of positive intrabrochial pressure. Thirty pigs tracheobronchial trees were used, where eight lobar bronchi from each piece were selected for studying, four of 10 mm and four of 5 mm. Thereafter, the trees and their bronchi were equally distributed into three experimental groups: Suture Group (SG) - manual suture using n 2,0 surgical nylon; Cyanoacrylate Group (CG) - n-butyl Cyanoacrylate and Brassard Group (BG) - nylon brassards. After the bronchial stumps occlusion, the pieces were immersed in water and the hermeticity test was made placing the positive intrabrochial pressure at 30 cm of H2O for five minutes, and then gradually increased to a pressure of 100 cm of H2O. Leaks with a percentage of 1,25% (1/80) were observed on groups SG and BG, when respectively submitted to a pressure at 30 cm of H2O and 100 cm of H2O. There were no leaks in any bronchial stumps on group CG. There were no statistically significant differences among the three treatments. It was concluded that, both the n-butyl Cyanoacrylate such as nylon brassard, as in the manual suture, are effective methods in the implementation and maintenance of bronchial aerostasia. Médica-veterinária Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Veterinária Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco (UFRPE), Av. Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE, 52117-900 Médico-veterinário Departamento de Patologia e Clínicas Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), Av. Ademar de Barros, n0 500, Ondina, Salvador, BA 40170-110 Médico-veterinário Programa de Pós-graduação em Cirurgia Veterinária (PPGCV) Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n, Jaboticabal, SP 14884-900 Médico-veterinário PPGCV UNESP/Jaboticabal, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n, Jaboticabal, SP 14884-900 Médica-veterinária Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciência Animal Universidade Federal de Goiás, Campus II, Samambaia, Cx. Postal 131, Goiânia GO 74001-970 Médico-veterinário Curso de Especializacao Sob A Forma de Residencia Medico-Veterinaria UFBA, Salvador, BA 40170-110 Médico-veterinário Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal UFRPE, Av. Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE 52117-900 Médico-veterinário Programa de Pós-graduação em Cirurgia Veterinária (PPGCV) Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n, Jaboticabal, SP 14884-900 Médico-veterinário PPGCV UNESP/Jaboticabal, Via de Acesso Prof. Paulo Donato Castellane, s/n, Jaboticabal, SP 14884-900

Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-29T07:13:58Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2012-01-01 An outbreak of zigomycosis with rhinopharyngeal lesions involving fungal hyphae with characteristic of entomophthoromycosis due to Conidiobolus spp. is reported in the State of Pernambuco, Northeastern Brazil. The epidemiological, clinical, pathological and mycological findings are decrypted in a flock of Santa Inês sheep. The disease occurred at Nazaré da Mata from April to May 2009, all most cases occurred mainly during the rainy season affecting 5 sheep of 29, resulting in death of about 100% of the affected sheep. Clinical signs as noisy respiration and dyspnoea due to mechanical blockage of the nasal cavities, swelling of the nostrils and mucous or serosanguineousnasal discharge were observed. Two of 5 sheep showed exophthalmia, keratitis and unilateral corneal ulceration of the eye. The sheep either died of their infection or were euthanized after a clinical course of 7-20 days. At necropsy there was a firm whitish, lobulated, friable growth was evident in the ethmoidal region and nasal septum at the sagital sections of the head from four affected sheep. Histopathologically findings were multifocal granulomas with lymphocytic infiltration, epithelioid multinucleated giant cells and fibrovascular tissue, surrounding an eosinophilic necrotic reaction (Splendore-Hoeppli phenomenon). The methenamine-silver stain uncovered fungal hyphae, rarely ramified with bulbous dilatation in their extremities. Conidiobolus sp. was isolated from nasal tissue lesions of two sheep. This is the first report of disease in the State. Departamento de Morfologia e Fisiologia Animal Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Rua Dom Manoel de Medeiros, s/n, Dois Irmãos, Recife, PE 52171-900 Departamento de Ciência Animal Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Duque de Caxias Norte, 225, Pirassununga, SP 13635-900 Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinária Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias (FCAV) Universidade Estadual Paulista júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Avenida Beira Rio, 3100, Cuiabá, MT 78065-480 Departamento de Clínica e Cirurgia Veterinária Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias (FCAV) Universidade Estadual Paulista júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Avenida Beira Rio, 3100, Cuiabá, MT 78065-480

Com o objetivo de caracterizar o quadro clínico da intoxicação por Stryphnodendron fissuratum Mart. (Leg. Mimosoideae) em caprinos, administraram-se as favas dessa planta a oito caprinos, por via oral forçada em doses únicas e a outros dois caprinos, em doses fracionadas. A menor dose que causou sinais clínicos e morte foi a de 10g/kg. Doses de 20g/kg e 40g/kg causaram sinais acentuados e doses únicas de 5g/kg não provocaram sinais. Doses fracionadas de 5g/kg durante quatro dias, totalizando 20g/kg provocaram sinais acentuados e morte. Em ambos os grupos, os primeiros sinais de intoxicação foram observados a partir do primeiro dia de experimento e a evolução variou de 4-25 dias. A doença caracterizou-se principalmente por alterações digestórias e nervosas que consistiram em anorexia, desidratação, hipomotilidade e atonia ruminal, timpanismo, gemidos constantes, dor à percussão abdominal, fezes com muco, ranger de dentes, apatia, ataxia, dismetria, tremores de cabeça, tremores musculares, fraqueza com o andar cambaleante e trôpego, acentuada depressão e decúbito esternal ou lateral prolongado e morte. Alguns animais apresentaram acentuada queda de pêlos na região dorsal; apenas um caprino apresentou fezes líquidas, marrom-escuras e fétidas. Outros sinais incluíram perda de fluido ruminal durante a ruminação, sialorréia, exsudato nasal seroso e lacrimejamento. As provas de função hepática e renal revelaram alterações discretas. As concentrações séricas de aspartato aminotransferase encontraram-se levemente aumentadas e as de creatinofosfocinase muito aumentadas. In order to confirm the susceptibility of goats to the poisoning by Stryphnodendron fissuratum Mart. (Leg. Mimosoideae) and to characterize the clinical disease, the pods of the plant were given orally to each of eight young goats and in fractioned doses to other two. The lowest lethal dose was 10g/kg. The same dose was the lowest that induced disease. Doses of 20g/kg and 40g/kg caused pronounced clinical signs and doses of 5g/kg did not caused signs. Fractioned doses of 5g/kg during four days also caused pronounced signs. In each groups the first signs of poisoning were observed from the first day of experiments and the changes ranged from 4-25 days. The disease was characterized mainly by digestive and nervous disorders. Clinical signs were partial to complete anorexia, dehydration, decrease in ruminal activity up to atonia, tympanism, constant vocalizations, grinding of the teeth pain up on abdominal palpation, apathy, ataxia, depression, dysmetria, head and muscle tremors, weakness, difficulty in rising, sternal or lateral recumbency and death. Some goats presented extense hair loss in the skin of the dorsum; one goat presented liquid and black fetid feces. Other signs included loss of ruminal fluid during rumination, drooling, serous nasal and ocular discharges. Liver and kidney function tests had resulted in slight changes. AST serum levels were slightly increased and creatine phosphokinase levels were highly increased. These changes can associated to the effects of triterpenic saponins contained in the S. fissuratum pods.

The TMJ has been to the Dental community a key point in the search of knowledge, being it part of the temporomandibular joint complex and of the estomatognathic system which are in charge of the mastication, speech, swallowing, as well as participation in breathing and taste perception. For the majority of the women in serious state of depression, which do not respond psychotherapeutic treatment, pharmacological treatment it's applied. The antidepressants serotonin selective reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are the most recommended in these cases. The teratogenic effect of the SSRIs is considered controversial, studies done with women who used these drugs during the pregnancy showed that the respiratory and central nervous systems are the most affected, was also recorded a deficit of body growth and the decrease of the encephalon and skull measures. In the present study, our goal was to assess whether the administration of Fluoxetine during the pregnancy modified the embryology and morphology of the TMJ of rats. For that, 16 Wistar female rats from the Nutrition Department of the UFPE vivarium were selected; 8 for the control group, which received daily 0.9% of saline in subcutaneous dose of 10ml/g, with schedules previously established after daily weighing and 8 for the experimental one that were treated with fluoxetine hydrochloride with the dose of 10mg/Kg in a volume 10ml/g of weight, were injected subcutaneously with the same standards established for the control group. It was observed, with this dose that the embryological development of the TMJ, especially of the mandibular condyle, does not present any difference between the degree of maturation of the tissue that forms the TMJ, especially of the condyle between the treated and control groups. La ATM ha sido para la comunidad odontológica un punto clave en la búsqueda del conocimiento, dado que forma parte del complejo articular temporomandibular y del sistema estomatognático, los cuales se encargan de la masticación, fonación y deglución, así como la participación en la respiración y de la percepción gustativa. Para la mayoría de las mujeres con cuadros graves de depresión, que no responden al tratamiento psicoterapéutico, el tratamiento farmacológico es aplicado. Los antidepresivos del grupo de los Inhibidores Selectivos de Recaptación de Serotonina (ISRSs) son los más comúnmente recomendados en estos casos. El efecto teratogénico de los ISRSs es considerado controversial. Estudios realizados en mujeres que utilizaron estas drogas durante la gestación mostraron que los sistemas respiratorios y nervioso central son los más afectados, también fue constatado un déficit de crecimiento corporal, encefálico y disminución de las medidas craneales. En el presente estudio, nuestro objetivo fue evaluar si la administración de fluoxetina durante la gestación modifica la embriología y la morfología de la ATM de ratas de laboratorio. Para este fin, 16 ratas Wistar del bioterio de nutrición de la UFPE fueron seleccionadas: 8 para el grupo de control, las cuales recibieron diariamente solución fisiológica a 0,9% en aplicaciones subcutáneas en la dosis de 10ml/g, en horarios previamente establecidos después de pesaje diario y 8 para el experimental, las que fueron tratadas con clorhidrato de fluoxetina en la dosis de 10mg/kg, en un volumen de 10ml/g, inyectados por vía subcutánea en los mismos estándares establecidos para el grupo de control. Se observó, que con esta dosis el desarrollo embriológico de la ATM, especialmente del cóndilo mandibular, no presentó ninguna diferencia entre el grado de maduración de los tejidos que forman la ATM, especialmente del cóndilo, entre los grupos tratado y grupo control.

This work evaluates the estrous cycle, gestation and lactation of rats treated with ivermectin. Control (GI) rats received distilled water; and the remaining were treated during 45 days with ivermectin (GII=0.5; GIII=1.0; GIV=2.0; GV=4.0; GVI=8.0 and GVII=10.0 mg/kg) by the oral route, the drug being administered every three day, in a total of 15 administrations. Colpocytological examinations were then performed during 15 consecutive days. Four animals from each group were euthanized, and samples of ovaries and uteri were taken for histological evaluations. The remaining animals were mated and treated throughout the gestation period and further until the 15th postpartum day. Colpocytologic examinations revealed that the animals of groups II, III, IV, V, VI and VII presented a higher incidence of the estrus phase, in comparison with the control group (group I). Histopathologic studies showed that the groups treated with ivermectin presented an increased concentration of hyperplasic endometrial glands, whereas the morphology of the ovary was not altered. The treatment did not affect the gestation lenght, the number of newborns nor did it caused congenital mortality or newborns malformations. During lactation, there was a significant slowering of the body weight gain of the litter. It is concluded that the treatment of female rats with ivermectin increases the incidence of the estrus phase. In addition, a definite deleterious effect is exerted on nursing animals as revealed by the reduced body weight gain of the litter. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar o ciclo estral, gestação e lactação de ratas tratadas com ivermectina. 82 ratas albinas foram divididas em sete grupos. Os animais receberam água destilada (GI) ou diferentes doses de ivermectina, por via oral (GII=0,5; GIII=1,0; GIV=2,0; GV=4,0; GVI=8,0 e GVII=10,0 mg/kg). Os animais foram tratados por 45 dias, com ivermectina a cada três dias, totalizando 15 aplicações. Após esse período foi realizado exame colpocitológico durante 15 dias consecutivos. Ao final, quatro animais de cada grupo foram sacrificados e ovários e úteros retirados e processados para avaliação histológica. Os animais restantes foram acasalados e tratados com ivermectina, nas doses correspondentes a cada grupo, no 1º, 4º, 7º, 10º, 13º e 16º dias de gestação. Ao nascimento, os neonatos foram contados, analisados quanto à existência de defeitos congênitos, mortalidade e pesados até o 15º dia de lactação. Durante a lactação, as matrizes receberam novamente ivermectina no 1º, 4º, 7º, 10º e 13º dias. Nossos resultados mostraram que os animais dos grupos II, III, IV, V, VI e VII apresentaram maior incidência de estro em relação a GI. Quanto à histopatologia, os grupos tratados com a ivermectina apresentaram maior concentração de glândulas endometriais hiperplásicas. O tratamento não afetou tempo de gestação, número de neonatos, mortalidade ou defeitos congênitos. Na lactação observamos perda de peso na prole das matrizes tratadas com ivermectina. Pode-se concluir que a ivermectina, aumenta a incidência de estro e não deve ser indicada para uso em animais lactantes.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the Load of Rupture of implants of membranes of microbial cellulose (Zoogloea sp.) and extended polytetrafuoroethylene in sharp defects of abdominal wall of rats. METHODS: Sixty Wistar male rats, with a mean weight of 437,7g ± 40,9, anesthetized by a mixture of ketamine (5mg/100g) and xylazine (2mg/100g), were submitted to a rectangular (2x3cm) excision of the abdominal wall, including fascia, muscle and peritoneum, and treated with membranes of microbial cellulose (MC) (MC Group- 30 animals) or extended polytetrafluoroethylene (ePTFE) (ePTFE Group- 30 animals). Each group was subdivided in 14th POD, 28th POD and 60th POD Subgroups. Under anesthesia, animals were submitted to euthanasia at 14th POD, 28th POD and 60th POD for evaluation of Load of Rupture. RESULTS: Load of Rupture levels were significantly elevated (p