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The pavilion is a time-honored architectural form in the Chinese silhouette with strong regional characteristics. Its appearance and technical means are often adaptively combined according to the characteristics of local architecture. The "kiln–house isomorphism" is a unique construction technology of the Shanxi construction type in China. Therefore, the "kiln–house isomorphism" is generally adopted for the construction of pavilions in Shanxi. This study focuses on Xiaonanzhuang Village, Yuci District, Jinzhong City, Shanxi Province. Taking the Xiang-ming Pavilion, the core building of the village, as an example, we analyze the architectural characteristics of the "kiln–house isomorphism" in the pavilion in this area, describe the general construction rules of the region, and conduct a deep investigation of the five "cultural isomerism" factors of the pavilions in the region, namely, geomancy, etiquette and music, beliefs, clans, and cultivation and study. The results of this research will enrich the regional knowledge of such pavilions and add new objects for the protection of local architectural heritage, providing a theoretical basis for the contemporary adaptive reuse of pavilions in the Yuci area from a cultural perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As large, high-dimensional data have become more common, software development is playing an increasingly important role in research across many different fields. This creates a need to adopt software engineering practices in research settings. Code review is the engineering practice of giving and receiving detailed feedback on a computer program. Consistent and continuous examination of the evolution of computer programs by others has been shown to be beneficial, especially when reviewers are familiar with the technical aspects of the software and also when they possess relevant domain expertise. The rules described in the present article provide information about the why, when, and how of code review. They provide the motivation for continual code reviews as a natural part of a rigorous research program. They provide practical guidelines for conducting review of code both in person, as a "lab meeting for code," as well as asynchronously, using industry-standard online tools. A set of guidelines is provided for the nitty-gritty details of code review, as well as for the etiquette of such a review. Both the technical and the social aspects of code review are covered to provide the reader with a comprehensive approach that facilitates an effective, enjoyable, and educational approach to code review. Author summary: Scientists are increasingly writing code as part of their research. Code review is a common practice in software engineering, which entails detailed and continual examination of additions and changes to a software code-base. This article explains why and how this practice is applied to the software that researchers write as part of their work. It provides a set of rules that motivates, explicates, and details the process of using code review in a didactic, effective, and enjoyable manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Humanities & Educational Sciences Journal is the property of Humanities & Educational Sciences Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Digital technologies are gaining more and more popularity in a person's life and radically affect the communication process. It is necessary to create appropriate limits (norms and rules of etiquette behaviour) in the business communication. This article analyzes articles devoted to the culture of business communication in the digital environment, comprehends the personal experience of the authors, analyzes the results of a questionnaire of students of a technical university about digital etiquette, emphasizes the importance of forming a culture of business communication among students.

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Mary Wollstonecraft (1759 - 1797) in her A Vindication of the Rights of Men (1790), written in response to a lengthy letter by Edmund Burke (1729 - 1797), Reflections on the Revolution in France (1790), expresses her radical and proto-feminist views. Wollstonecraft provides an enlightened criticism of Burke's conservative writing, referring to such key notions of the long eighteenth century as common sense, sensibility, wit, and judgment (cf. the Scottish Enlightenment's, John Locke's and Jean-Jacques Rousseau's impact). While taking the author's earlier political ideas into account, the text's allusions and digressions echo Burke's early "revolutionary" writing on the aesthetic (and sexist) approach to the sublime and the beautiful (A Philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of our Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful, 1757). In my article, I follow this thread running through Wollstonecraft's critique, and I also focus on the way how she responsibly confronts Burke with his own thought and rhetorical (mis)demeanours in the discussion of man's natural rights. In contrast to Burke's beautiful rhetoric, Wollstonecraft defends sublime reason, and she also presents her humanist view, discussing the importance of proper manners and education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Throughout history, the correct understanding of the Hadiths has been considered important, and many studies and researches have been carried out for this purpose, both in the past and today. Some hadith sciences and commentaries that focus more on the text of the hadith are works written for this purpose. In this research, we mainly focused on how some hadiths should be understood and examined the meaning of the narrations containing the expression "لا يؤمن احدكم ". This is because this expression does not have the same meaning in all the narratives where it is in use. If the principles of faith are mentioned in the content of the narrative in which the expression is used, the expression is used in the literal sense, but if the social relations are mentioned in the content of the narrative, the expression is used in the figurative sense. In other words, in the narrations whose content consists of the principles of faith, this expression is attributed to the negation of the original faith, while in the narrations that deal with matters outside the principles of faith, it is referred to the perfection of faith. In this respect, it can be said that the content of the narration determines the meaning of the expression "he cannot have believed". In view of this situation, the narrations on this subject were studied under two main headings: "Narrations on the Origin of Faith" and "Narrations on the Perfection of Faith". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Users of escalators and moving walkways with sufficient space to accommodate two lanes of users often follow an implied etiquette for the two lanes: one for walking and one for standing (in the US, China, and many countries, the convention is "walk left, stand right"). When there is high volume, e.g., when exiting a subway or train station or at the conclusion of an athletic event, the escalators often experience bottleneck congestion that constitutes the primary source of delay. It has been suggested that during such high-congestion periods, it would be more efficient if everyone just stood in both lanes, with empirical evidence used to support this counterintuitive finding. Simple deterministic queueing models are used to show under what conditions such results hold and also to provide further insights regarding tradeoffs between performance metrics as a function of the distribution of walkers and standers, which could inform practical implementation policies to increase efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to analyze the Decameron taking into account the relational and social dynamics of every human relationship. The work presents itself as a model of etiquette of speech, life, death and passions, because balance and respect for others, values that are hidden in all the stories, anticipate the sixteenth-century concepts of civilization and etiquette, both evolutions of the principle of courtesy. The relational dimensions are translated on the basis of an implicit and necessary social order, canceled by the plague, which must be maintained for there to be harmony; in this regard, Goffmanian sociology finds a coherent witness in the Decameron. Boccaccio’s anthropological choice - to entrust a possible ethical solution to the brigade - is the true distinctive feature of the equality represented by the Decameron.

This article centers around the early translation of the term Li 礼 in the Analects of Confucius (论语). This Latin translation shows that the interpretation of the Confucian term Li 礼 mostly did not include any religious meaning. This article also centers on the personal formation of the Jesuits of that time. Taking Michele Ruggieri as reference, this article details how studies based on the Latin Classics (especially Cicero) provided them with a reference to interpret this term as unrelated to religious worship. When the Jesuits arrived in China, at the end of the Ming dynasty, strong emphasis was given to the proper etiquette towards state officials. This in turn derived from the situation in the imperial court. In this historical environment, the Confucian rites (Li 礼) were interpreted as "good manners". This article also presents briefly the question of whether for Christians, Li 礼 as a proper social behavior inspired by a particular cultural tradition has any connection with or can be a problem for the rituals of the Christian tradition instituted by Jesus as vehicles of divine grace. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is a correction notice for an article titled "Are societal-level values still relevant measures in the twenty-first century business world? A 39-society analysis" published in the Asia Pacific Journal of Management. The original version of the article contained errors, including missing data in certain sections and missing gray highlighted values in Tables 1 and 2. The errors have been corrected, and the revised version of the article is now available. The correction notice also includes information about a missing Excel file in Appendix E, which has been captured as supplementary information. The publisher, Springer Nature, remains neutral regarding jurisdictional claims and institutional affiliations. The article was authored by multiple individuals. [Extracted from the article]

The article focuses on the swearing-in ceremony of Her Excellency Hon. Ms. Sam Mostyn, AC, as the 28th Governor-General of Australia, which took place on 1 July 2024. Topics include the Indigenous smoking ceremony and General Salute at Parliament House, remarks from the Governor-General highlighting her commitment to modern governance, and a condolence motion honoring the last surviving Rat of Tobruk, Mr. Thomas Page Pritchard.

Politeness and impoliteness strategies create a vital social practice in our daily and professional interactions. Being once an issue in the code of conduct protocols, (im)politeness nowadays marks an interdisciplinary scientific field. Regarding this importance, this study explored the politeness and impoliteness strategies used in changing direct speech to indirect speech among male and female Persian speakers. Eighty Iranian Persian speakers (36 males and 44 females) were given a discourse completion task. Brown and Levinson's taxonomy of politeness strategies and Culpeper's impoliteness taxonomy were used to analyze the sample. The findings revealed that the propositional content of a direct speech was maintained in the indirect speech in Persian with different attitudinal manners. The results also demonstrated a significant difference between the male and female participants in terms of impoliteness indirect strategies; however, there was no significant difference between them on the output strategies. Additionally, the results revealed that the most frequent politeness strategies used by Persian speakers included positive politeness, negative politeness, off-record, and bold on-record, respectively. The implications of the current research may lead to a deeper and greater understanding of the role of politeness strategies applied in language learning and teaching in EFL contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The efficacy of posterior optic capture (POC) in reducing posterior capsule opacification (PCO) in pediatric cataract is well recognized. The purpose of this paper was to identify the surgical challenges when attempting this technique and highlight the etiquettes to follow when performing this maneuver. Methods: Prospective observational noncomparative case series. Children diagnosed with congenital or developmental cataracts undergoing cataract surgery and primary IOL implantation with posterior optic capture (and no anterior vitrectomy) from June 2017 to April 2022 at a tertiary care referral institute were included. Records of all intraoperative findings and postoperative complications until the last follow-up were noted. Results: Posterior optic capture was attempted in 53 eyes of 49 children aged 2.4 ± 1.98 years. The mean follow-up of the patients was 16.5 ± 14.2 months (range 6 months–5 years). Successful POC could be performed in 46 eyes (86.8%). Two eyes developed posterior capsular opacification at the last follow-up. In eyes where POC could not be performed, five of these (83%) were children below 12 months of age with half of them having a preexisting posterior capsular defect. Conclusion: Posterior optic capture is technically challenging with a steep learning curve that can be mastered over time. Adequate relative sizing of the anterior and posterior capsulorhexis is important. Caution is advised when using this technique in infants and in cases with posterior capsular defects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is devoted to analyzing the cultural context typical for food and its associated etiquette and rituals from 2 coursebooks on the Italian Business language, and aims at a) investigating to what extent coursebooks in Business Italian include both theoretical and practical content information on the Italian dining culture; b) reconstructing guidelines on etiquette for dining and socializing in professional settings in companies and with regard to the role of language in culture (Hall, 1976, Bańczerowski, et al., 1982). These objectives were fulfilled by performing a semantic analysis of the lexical content of 2 coursebooks by Giovanna Pelizza and Marco Mezzadri (2002 and 2015). For this purpose, a lexical corpus was formed by extracting culinary-related lexical items from the coursebooks. The remaining sources related to food in business culture (Meyer, 2023) was used as a point of reference for validation of the small corpus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Twitter (X) is a popular social media platform that allows users to express their opinions and interact on various topics, including politics. However, Twitter can provide a space for impolite and aggressive language use, especially when the issues are controversial or polarizing. This study analyzes the replies to two controversial and similar tweets, namely Donald Trump's tweet to Greta Thunberg and Greta Thunberg's tweet to Donald Trump. Ninety-seven tweets that impolitely took issue with the original tweets were collected and coded for their moral order themes and pragmatic functions. Culpeper's (2011) impoliteness framework was consulted as a threshold to include or exclude reply tweets in the data analysis. The results show that the replies invoked moral order expectations in three overarching categories in the responses to both parties: age-appropriate behavior, respect and manners, and concern for the common good. As far as the pragmatic functions were concerned, criticism of personal characteristics, criticism of supporters, criticism of relatives (to Trump only), praise of the opposing party, directing, mockery, and ideology denial (to Thunberg only) were performed. The study discusses how users took offense through language in a highly polarized political context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article describes the concept of network etiquette, or virtual communication etiquette, as a special type of communication carried out with the help of technical means. The research objective was to characterize netiquette and its basic rules. The review includes domestic and foreign publications on the theory of communication and speech etiquette. The list of methods includes general scientific methods of description, analysis, categorization, classification, and comparison, as well as some elements of interpretive stylistic analysis. Politeness is the main principle of netiquette: it serves as a regulator of communicative behavior. Polite online behavior includes greetings and addresses by name; a ban on excessive emoticons, insults, and profanity; abuse of abbreviations; compliance with the basic punctuation rules; personal signature, etc. Netiquette also follows the rules of communication established by a particular network resource or platform.

Copyright of Other Modernities / Altre Modernita / Otras Modernidades / Autres Modernités is the property of Altre Modernita and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In 2009, Michael Penn published a transcription and English translation of two Syriac texts, To the Rulers of the World (ܠܘܬ ܪ̈ܝܫܢܐ ܕܥܠܡܐ) and Concerning the Entrance before a New Emir (ܕܡܥܠܬܐ ܨܝܕ ܐܡܝܪܐ ܚܕܬܐ). This essay proposes a new historiographical approach to these texts based on the concepts and theoretical apparatus of systems intelligence theory and affect theory. I show how these texts use key Islamic theological and cultural ideas that would affectively resonate with the Muslim authorities while remaining non-objectionable to the orthodoxy of the Assyrian Church of the East. Specifically, I argue that Christians sometimes sought to curry favor with Islamic authorities not so much through logical persuasion, but by creating a sense of affective coherence through attunement to the discursive and theological systems of Islam. Through this strategy, Christians perhaps hoped to gain some small measure of political and religious advantage, especially over and against other Christian jurisdictions, such as the Syrian Orthodox Church. I conclude by discussing what methodological prospects these approaches can offer to the subfield, particularly if combined with other theories that similarly remain underused. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Humanities & Educational Sciences Journal is the property of Humanities & Educational Sciences Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Iberica is the property of Asociacion Europea de Lenguas para Fines Especificos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The taboo exploitation examined in this essay is swearing. Swearing intersects in complex ways with the giving and taking of pleasure and concomitantly coping with pain or, conversely, craving to inflict pain. Swearing is normally restricted to colloquial styles because it is commonly perceived to breach the rules of courtesy by offending against standards of good taste and good manners. The breaking of this taboo is an emotional release. Swearing has a special place in our neural anatomy, perhaps accounting for: (a) its effectiveness displaying pleasure and managing pain or the hypoalgesia and other physiological effects in laboratory studies; (b) for the tendency of any disparaging denotation or connotation to dominate the interpretation of the immediate context. I recognize five frequently synchronous functions for swearing from the utterer's as well as the audience point of view: (i) The expletive function, often marking attitude to what is said. (ii) Abuse, insult, banter. (iii) Spicing up the message. (iv) Expression of social solidarity. (v) The discourse function. There is an additional from an audience point of view: (vi) Characterizing an individual's behavior. For every function, the degree of pleasure and/or pain and the kind of taboo exploitation is assessed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Librosdelacorte.es is the property of Instituto Universitario "La Corte en Europa" - IULCE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

IntroductionAs a relatively new and innovative form of digital communication and visual image, emojis, emoticons, and stickers are appreciated, yet criticised. Young people on social media have lost the traditional social etiquette and interpersonal networking skills, which is a challenge in itself. This study provides a better understanding of how young people engage and behave in diverse interpersonal contexts while utilising digital visual language.MethodsThis study contributes to digital anthography and social media studies, by conducting this study through interviews with 10 Generation Z young people from urban China and a 2-month-long participatory observation of three WeChat group chats.ResultsBy examining how young people use WeChat visual language in relationships with their elders or superiors, equivalent peers and intimate lovers or friends, this study found that emoticons and stickers become virtual gifts, aesthetic identities and the affection language of Generation Z.DiscussionThis study contends that digital visual languages and new media do not alter human nature or ethical standards but rather provide new avenues for expression and empower human affective communication. Although the core of traditional etiquette is still being passed on and absorbed, its form has changed.

In the article, the linguistic characteristics of speech etiquette formulas in radio broadcasting are analyzed. The theoretical significance of the article is to determine the role of speech etiquette formulas in mass media, in particular, in the radio language system. Such work will help to further develop the rules regarding explicit and implicit ways of expressing emotions through language. The practical importance of this is explained by the importance of establishing intercultural relations according to the rules of a certain culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the cultural tendencies of verbal etiquette among future professionals in the socio-economic field in the context of postmodern society during their professional training. The aim of the article is to investigate the formation peculiarities of communicative competence in education seekers of socioeconomic professions regarding the development of speech culture related to the problem of verbal etiquette in postmodern society. The components of communicative competence in future professionals of the socio-economic field include subjective, praxeological, and gnoseological aspects, which are interdependent and contribute to the development of communicative interaction in their professional activities. The research was conducted within the educational process of higher education institutions, employing identical measurement techniques, time, and duration of training, which allowed for diagnosing the level of communicative competence of future professionals in the socioeconomic field according to the criteria of speech culture. Communicative competence of future professionals in the socio-economic field is defined as the integration of scientific knowledge, intellectual and practical skills and abilities, virtual literacy in interpersonal interaction, competence in overcoming communication barriers, general culture, and personal qualities of education seekers capable of solving life-creative tasks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of International Journal for Tourism, Archeology & Hospitality (IJTAH) is the property of Beni Suef University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Simple Summary: Pet dogs are more prone to exhibit challenging behaviors than ever before. Dog trainers are increasingly tasked with helping pet owners resolve behavior issues, not just teach their charges good manners. The interventions used by professionals to help ameliorate behavior complaints must be evidence-based and include the effectiveness of the intervention, how the intervention is perceived by the learner, and how the intervention affects the learner's quality of life before, during, and after behavior intervention procedures. The objective of this paper is to review literature from multiple scientific disciplines and demonstrate how concepts from applied behavior analysis and the animal welfare sciences can be used together to ensure that the animal undergoing intervention experiences good welfare during the training process. Social validity refers to the social significance and acceptability of intervention goals, procedures, and outcomes. Animal practitioners, who are often guided by the principles of ABA, lack the benefit of verbal participants (at least with respect to target animals) with which to assess a client's needs and preferences. The study of a learner's welfare is useful for determining areas where intervention is needed or how the learner feels about an intervention that is underway. Three tenets of animal welfare measurement include physiological function, naturalistic behavior, and affect, where affect refers to private events, including emotions, which are a function of the same variables and contingencies responsible for controlling public behavior. The development of new technologies allows us to look "under the skin" and account for subjective experiences that can now be observed objectively. We introduce the reader to tools available from the animal welfare sciences for the objective measurement of social validity from the learner's perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research deals with the Prophet's approach to psychological consideration and some of its aspects according to practical evidence that can be built upon. The researcher used the inductive approach and the deductive approach through studying the prophetic evidence and established positions, according to which she reached the results of the research, the most prominent of which are: He was among the perfections of his manners and good manners, peace be upon him, taking into account the psychological aspect of his companions and being gentle with their feelings, whether it was for an incident that occurred to them by mistake or for a transient situation. Of his attitudes with them, and he was a good companion and a kind cohabitant with his wives, and he took into account their feelings in what pleased themselves and forced their thoughts, and excused them when they were jealous, as he was keen to instill hope and a spirit of optimism in others, draw a smile on their faces, and expel misery, despair, and despair from them, when they think they are. The doors have been closed in front of them and the Messenger, peace and blessings be upon him, warned against intimidating people and raising anxiety among them, because of the negative effects and bad outcomes that are reflected on people’s health and their daily lives. Giving him a kind word or possible assistance with money, prestige, or emotional participation is the greatest consolation, as well as considering the reparation of the mistaken mind and taking into account the circumstances and psychology of Muslims, and their active participation in emotional feelings among themselves. Among the recommendations of the researcher, researchers and those interested in the Prophet’s curriculum, follow all aspects of observance in the Prophet’s curriculum, which include intellectual, advocacy, economic, political, and other fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the adaptation of Arab students to Chinese culture, using MENA students as examples. MENA students are from the Middle East and North Africa (Arabic is their mother tongue and is commonly referred to as “Arabs”). The purpose of their visit is to pursue their studies in China and to adopt the Chinese lifestyle. We examine how they integrated Chinese culture into their culture and vice versa to better understand their adaptation to the Chinese cross-culture. Their perception of Chinese society and lifestyle differs from their own. We conducted a survey comprising forty-one closed questions and one open-ended question to examine fifty-five MENA students studying in mainland China. Regardless of their backgrounds, the results suggest that their adaptation to Chinese culture appears to include adhering to Chinese etiquette, becoming close to the way of life, examining the development of Technology, and attempting to share Chinese development perspectives with their own cultures. In contrast to their own culture, they display a high degree of adaptability to the conditions and rules of Chinese society with 89% of total participants. Aside from displaying cultural diversity, they also highlight language proficiency challenges, impressions of the culture, and wonders of the host country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Ilahiyat Researches / Ilahiyat Tetkikleri Dergisi is the property of Ataturk University Coordinatorship of Scientific Journals and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article is devoted to topical issues of business communication culture and highlighting its main components as effective tools for business negotiations. To date, the ability to negotiate and communicate without conflict is important for any employee, the purpose of the article is to analyze the main components, forms, styles of communication, based on this, certain recommendations and prevention of threats that may arise during the conversation are created. The importance of the study lies in the fact that the ability to communicate with people correctly is one of the most important factors for achieving success in business and indicates the intellectual potential of the individual. It is very important for a competent specialist to contribute to the formation of a positive social and psychological climate when conducting dialogues or negotiations. After all, only a calm, balanced, with a high level of culture of business communication leader will be able to gain respect and get along with other interlocutors. Business communication covers many factors, in particular: motivation, organization, planning, decision-making and several elements: transmission, perception, understanding. It is believed that 85% of success in any job depends on the ability to communicate with people, and the remaining percentage is experience in the field of activity. Manners, education, behavior, ability to stay in public - these are the details that people around us pay attention to in the first place, especially business partners. That is why, this paper considers all the factors that will help to understand the culture of business communication, learn how to conduct a conversation delicately, all types, features, styles and technologies of communication are considered. The article considers the requirements of language communication in a business environment and how a person behaves in relation to his opponent in his verbal and non-verbal communication, as a result of which it was found out which postures, gestures and facial expressions indicate the disinterest of the partner in the negotiations. Since conflict is one of the forms of communication, the article describes the possible causes of such situations. One of the main features of business speech is regulation or subordination to rules, these restrictions are perceived as generally accepted norms of social behavior and in order to avoid conflict, it is necessary to follow some recommendations.

The article is devoted to the study of the ethical speech strategy in the Spanish diplomatic discourse. The article deals with the functioning of speech strategy in Spanish diplomatic documents. The relevance of the study is due to the importance of studying of the speech impact on the addressee of the communication. Particular attention is paid to the theoretical aspects. The article gives an overview of the concepts of «speech genre», «speech strategy», «ethical genres». The subject of study are the texts of diplomatic documents of the Spanish Ambassador to Russia, Duke de Liria during the reign of Emperor Peter II and Empress Anna Ioannovna. The Duke de Liria ethical speech strategy involves numerous areas of silence about the most important historical events of Russia during this period, which is evidence of the modality of persuasion of the addressee in the absence of active domestic political life in the country and the formation of public opinion in accordance with the goal, the conclusion of a treaty between Russia and the Holy Roman Empire. The author of the article shows that modern ethical speech strategies of the Spanish diplomatic discourse also exist mainly in the modality of persuasion, today they use a large arsenal of means to achieve this goal, which includes repetition, synonymous series and periphrastic constructions, outdated words and expressions, which gives the right to speak about a high degree of conservatism of ethical speech strategies in the Spanish political discourse. The author of the article concludes that etiquette speech strategies on the one hand reflect global trends, on the other hand, demonstrate a high commitment to national principles of diplomatic documents construction.