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The launch dynamics theory for multibody systems emerges as an innovative and efficacious approach for the study of launch dynamics, capable of addressing the challenges of complex modeling, diminished computational efficiency, and imprecise analyses of system dynamic responses found in the dynamics research of intricate multi-rigid-flexible body systems, such as self-propelled artillery. This advancement aims to enhance the firing accuracy and launch safety of self-propelled artillery. Recognizing the shortfall of overlooking the band engraving process in existing theories, this study introduces a novel coupling calculation methodology for the launch dynamics of a self-propelled artillery multibody system. This method leverages the ABAQUS subroutine interface VUAMP to compute the dynamic response of the projectile and barrel during the launch process of large-caliber self-propelled artillery. Additionally, it examines the changes in projectile resistance and band deformation in relation to projectile motion throughout the band engraving process. Comparative analysis of the computational outcomes with experimental data evidences that the proposed method offers a more precise depiction of the launch process of self-propelled artillery, thereby enhancing the accuracy of launch dynamics calculations for self-propelled artillery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The wear of small-caliber barrels is one of the key factors affecting barrel life. Based on the Archard wear model, a high-temperature pin plate wear experiment was carried out, and wear models of chrome-plated layers and gun barrel materials were established. In addition, a finite element model of the interaction between the bullet and the barrel was established. The movement of the projectile along the barrel was simulated and analyzed, and the force distribution of the spatial geometry structure of the rifling was mastered through simulation. The wear law of the gun barrel along the axial direction was obtained based on the wear model of the chrome-plated layer and gun barrel material. A position 100 mm away from the barrel breech wears very fast; this position is where the cone of the bullet is engraved in the barrel. At the position 150–350 mm away from the barrel breech, the barrel bore wears even faster. The barrel chrome layer is mainly affected by the gunpowder impact and projectile engraving, which is consistent with the actual failure of the coating. When the distance to the barrel breech is 350 m, the wear becomes stable. Through an analysis of the diameter of the barrel, it was found that, when the diameter of the barrel exceeded 12.85 mm, the barrel reached the end of its life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During tensile testing of materials, strain measurement is conducted using either contact or non-contact methods. Contact methods offer high accuracy and precision but are limited by the specimen's thickness and dimensions, whereas non-contact methods minimize damage to thin specimens and allow measurements in various environments, though they require longer preparation and calculation times. This paper proposes a circular grid marking pattern and a strain prediction algorithm using artificial intelligence (AI), which simplifies the preparation process and allows strain prediction without additional equipment. The circular grid pattern can be arranged in various configurations from 1 × 5 to 5 × 7, and a laser marker, which requires minimal time, was used to engrave the pattern on the specimen to shorten the preparation time. The AI model, trained on image-based data, enables strain calculation regardless of the specimen's gauge length and size, and allows measurement of local strain as well as gauge-length strain. The reliability of this concept was verified by applying it to tensile testing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Of the large number of petroglyph sites known in Peru, in this paper we deal with those located in an extensive archaeological area located in the southernmost part of the country, extending through the high mountains of the Illomas ravine (District of Chuquibamba. Province of Condesuyos. Department of Arequipa), conforming an extensive archaeological complex different from the known sites in the south of Peru, when allowing an approximation to the correlation that existed between the rupestrian engravings and the human settlements. That characteristic makes it singularly important to try to fix the chronological-cultural contexts and their meaning, starting from the consideration that these must have constituted a unit with its archaeological and geographical environment, forming an integral part of the daily life of the communities that settled and developed in the region of Illomas. Undoubtedly, it constitutes an archaeologically singular geographic area in terms of type of archaeological site and rock representations, evidence that make it possible to attempt an approximation to the model of adaptation that the ancient settlers of Peru developed in this geographic environment and the mentality that surrounded it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Magazine General Union of Arab Archaeologists is the property of General Union of Arab Archaeologists and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Definition: Some of the earliest known engravings are described, analyzed, and interpreted, following their microscopic examination. They are of significance in exploring the cognitive evolution of hominins several hundred thousand years ago and have not been described together before. The Steinrinne site near Bilzingsleben, north of Weimar, Germany, is one of Europe's most important Lower Paleolithic occupation sites. Its extensive human habitation floor, excavated over 1000 square meters, comprises some of the world's oldest evidence of dwellings, broadly matching or exceeding the age of examples proposed in Africa, India, and France. It has yielded numerous hominin remains, many wooden artefacts, other exquisitely preserved organic remains, and more portable engravings than any other Middle Pleistocene site. The latter are reviewed here, presenting the results of a detailed microscopic examination of the main finds. Bilzingsleben has so far produced the largest number of engraved Lower Paleolithic objects reported, which are particularly important to exploring the cognitive developments of hominins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Permanent engravings on contact lenses provide information about the manufacturing process and lens positioning when they are placed on the eye. The inspection of their morphological characteristics is important, since they can affect the user's comfort and deposit adhesion. Therefore, an inverted wavefront holoscope (a lensless microscope based on Gabor's principle of in-line digital holography) is explored for the characterization of the permanent marks of soft contact lenses. The device, based on an in-line transmission configuration, uses a partially coherent laser source to illuminate the soft contact lens placed in a cuvette filled with a saline solution for lens preservation. Holograms were recorded on a digital sensor and reconstructed by back propagation to the image plane based on the angular spectrum method. In addition, a phase-retrieval algorithm was used to enhance the quality of the recovered images. The instrument was experimentally validated through a calibration process in terms of spatial resolution and thickness estimation, showing values that perfectly agree with those that were theoretically expected. Finally, phase maps of different engravings for three commercial soft contact lenses were successfully reconstructed, validating the inverted wavefront holoscope as a potential instrument for the characterization of the permanent marks of soft contact lenses. To improve the final image quality of reconstructions, the geometry of lenses should be considered to avoid induced aberration effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides a comprehensive description of preserved copper plates used for map printing in order to enrich the existing knowledge and, at the same time, contribute with new knowledge on the topic of the engraving of old maps. The dimensions, thickness, and weight of individual printing plates were measured. Qualitative indicators of the material were also examined. Printing plates originating from countries north of the Alps (former Czech lands) and from Mediterranean regions (Malta and Italy) are represented. For the purpose of the study, the term printing plate refers to a copperplate on which the engraving was made using the burin or line etching technique. These are some of the oldest reproduction techniques used for printing old maps. The period studied covers the 18th century, approximately. Studies dealing with a large set of printing plates and their classification are rather an exception (Hameleers 1989). The issue of the qualitative properties of printing plates has not yet been comprehensively addressed in the literature focusing on the history of cartography.

Cutlery and flatware designs are an everchanging phenomenon of the manufacturing industry. Worldwide hospitality businesses demand perpetual evolution in terms of aesthetics, designs, patterns, colours, and materials due to customers' demands, modernisation, and fierce competition. To thrive in this competitive market, modern fabrication techniques must be flexible, adoptive, fast, and cost effective. For decades, static designs and trademark patterns were achieved through moulds, limiting production to a single cutlery type per mould. However, with the advent of laser engraving and design systems, the whole business of cutlery production has been revolutionised. This study explores the possibility of creating diverse designs for stainless steel 304 flatware sets without changing the entire production process. The research analyses three key laser process parameters, power, scanning speed, and number of passes, and their impacts on the resulting geometry, depth of cut, surface roughness, and material removed. These parameters are comprehensively studied and analysed for steel and zirconia ceramic. The study details the effects of power, scanning speed, number of passages, and fluence on engraved geometry. Fluence (power*number of passages/scanning speed) positively influences outputs and presents a positive trend. Medium power settings and higher scanning speeds with the maximum number of passages produce high-quality, low-roughness optimised cavities with the ideal geometric accuracy for both materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study was designed to explore and develop art students' interest and engagement in Kazakh mythology and using engraving techniques. The archetypic and challenges of Kazakh mythology in art students were not previously explored. Therefore, the need for study in this domain was essential to cover the gap in the literature. The gap has been recently discovered by Kazakh scholars although it has been explored by foreign authors but the authenticity of such studies remains a question. The study was experimental and the results show a strong association between art's student's engagement with Kazakh mythology using engraving techniques. Moreover, the elective course was selected by 90% class of the art students voluntarily. The teaching method developed for the study provides strong results and the outcome of the experiment was well above 80%. The study used a systematic method along with comparative analysis based on Kazakh myths, culture, ethnology, folklore, mythology, and archeology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of HiSTOReLo: Revista de Historia Regional y Local is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Centro Editorial Facultad de Ciencias Humanas y Economicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The rotor or impeller is a rotational and key part of a pump and compressor. This article presents the detailed development process of a rotor of small size constructed from an EN8 steel cylindrical blank using a novel technique based on a computer numerical control engraving milling machine (CNC-EMM) equipped with a 4 mm tungsten carbide end mill cutter. We fabricated a total of twenty-eight stepped rotors following the Box–Behnken Design (BBD) DoE technique at fourteen distinct combinations of CNC-EMM variable parameters, namely rotational speed, feed, and plunge feed. Average roughness 'Ra', an important surface quality indicator, has been considered and presented in this article, as a quality measure for the fabricated rotors. Feed and plunge feed have been identified as the most influencing variable parameters as per an analysis of variance (ANOVA) test. The lowest average roughness value obtained by this process for the rotor blade was 0.11 µm. A micrograph obtained from a field-emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) showed a uniform and accurate tooth profile along with burr formation at corner edges. This study claims to establish engraving milling as a viable alternative to other manufacturing processes used for rotor blades. The findings of this study are useful to scholars, engineers, and researchers who are exploring new ways to fabricate mechanical parts and components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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With the application of encoders in artificial intelligence and aerospace, the demand for the miniaturization and high measurement accuracy of encoders is increasing. To solve this problem, a new absolute matrix encoder is proposed in this paper, which can realize 19-bit matrix coding by engraving two circles of matrix code, and has the advantages of fewer circles of code disk engraving and higher measurement accuracy. This article mainly focuses on the design of a new matrix code disk, encoding and decoding methods, decoding circuit design, Matlab simulation analysis, and experimental error analysis. The experimental results show that the encoder designed in this paper achieves ultra-small volume Φ30 mm × 20 mm, and the angle measurement accuracy is 2.57". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This article analyses an engraving of Philip II of Spain published in Rome in 1588 by Marcello Clodio. The portrait is based on Sofonisba Anguissola’s famous painting of the king by way of Alonso Sánchez Coello’s copy in Florence. The Roman engraving offers a rare example of a Spanish painting copied in Italian print. A historiated frame surrounding the portrait, comprised of emblems from Achille Bocchi’s Symbolicae Quaestiones (Bologna, 1555), represents the most significant reuse of Bocchi’s emblems by a contemporary artist. The unusual frame is interpreted as a tactful representation of the polarising Spanish monarch.

This article compares the preparatory drawings for the illustrations of Miguel de Cervantes Saavedra’s novel Don Quixote de La Mancha by Pavel Șillingovski and Ilie Bogdesco, two famous artists, whose work represents the successive stages in the evolution of graphic during the 20th century. The series of drawings represents different attitudes towards the process of illustrating literary works. In order to achieve the proposed objective, we have resorted to theoretical concepts, present in the science of “art history” and described by the Viennese theorist Walter Koschatzky, as well as the published diary of I. Bogdesco, which complements the artistic creation inherited from the artist. In addition, has been described and analysed, the historiography, including very recent, in which the series of works, proposed for investigation, is published. The sketches for the illustrations allow us to see how the image of the famous hidalgo passes through 20th century art. In addition to this, we also make a brief incursion into the artistic context in which these two personalities worked. Through this modest theoretical approach, we wish to join the series of events and publications commemorating the centenary of the birth of the great graphic artist Ilie Bogdesco.

The cutting fluid's lubrication affects a workpiece's surface finish and cutting tool lifespan during turning. To optimize machine performance, appropriate lubrication is needed. Empirical experiments examined how machining factors affected a redesigned single-point cutting tool. Texturing the tool's rake surface without altering its physical qualities was achieved utilizing super-drilling and laser engraving technologies. The goal was to build a surface junction that would keep cutting fluid in contact with the tool longer, improving lubrication and cooling. Both standard and customized tools were used to compare cutting force, temperature, power usage, and surface polish. Magnified pictures from the scanning electron microscope were utilized to analyze tool wear in different places. The improved tool dramatically lowered mean cutting force, heat output, and power consumption in experiments. The textured tool produced continuous chips instead of discontinuous/burnt chips due to increased friction at the tool–chip interface. The updated tool improved lubrication and cooling with cutting fluid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After writing the draft of La Construction des villes in 1910 -whose drawings in Germany were discussed in the previous issue of this journal- this project was put on hold until 1915, when he moved to Paris for seven weeks. At the Bibliothéque Nationale he prepared a series of files with texts and sketches and, above all, devoted himself to copying new drawings. Now the workmanship is fast, and rather than faithfully reproducing, he interprets what he sees through a new prism: classicism. There are other references: Blondel and Laugier as sources of authority, but also books and plates by Piranesi, Perelle, Riat, Patte, oriental architecture, historical maps of Paris and prints and engravings from the Cabinet des Estampes. That book was definitively abandoned, but a new conception of the city began to take shape in those days and was reflected in his urban proposals and in Urbanisme, where he published some of these drawings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports on the first findings of rock engravings in La María, Santa Cruz, Argentina. During the survey, the engraved motifs were recorded and characterized, photographed and geopositioned, and the surrounding materials were analyzed. The identified motifs, techniques used, and landscape characteristics are mentioned. Additionally, the presence of rock paintings in the area is highlighted. The engravings suggest the presence of a rock landscape related to guanaco hunting. It is suggested to carry out further surveys and examine the recovered artifacts. The work was funded by CONICET, ANPCYT, and UNLP. [Extracted from the article]

The present work analyzes the repercussion of the nontoxic engraving technique Collagraph, in people with Early Alzheimer's Dementia, in the artistic education program "Retales de una vida". The objective is to connect the participants with programs of a cultural nature to encourage communication and interaction between participants. The experience was carried out at the State Reference Center for people with Alzheimer's and other Dementias of Salamanca (CREA). Once the methodology of the workshop has been adapted to the personal and health characteristics of people with Alzheimer's disease, it is considered that the use of engraving generates important benefits in the participants, related to the increase in crystallized intelligence, prosocial behavior and positive assessment. of themselves, favoring social and family inclusion. Likewise, the use of engraving can offer support for individual and cooperative therapeutic help to the participants, develop functional, social and cognitive skills, expanding their emotional resources and enjoying the experience. In turn, they strengthen their self-esteem and security in the face of their ability and worth. Finally, we propose a series of guidelines for the planning and implementation of this artistic process so that it serves as a reference for health professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spark-Assisted Chemical Engraving (SACE) requires precise control over key factors to overcome gas film instability and achieve reproducible optimal resolution and machining speed. This paper presents a substantial advancement in the SACE micromanufacturing technique by introducing a composite algorithm. This algorithm leverages deep learning and time series classification for sequence-to-sequence intelligent classification. Two distinct architectures, the Temporal Convolutional Network (TCN) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), were subjected to evaluation. They were trained and optimized using Bayesian optimization, resulting in impressive accuracies of 97.18% for TCN and 96.44% for LSTM. The algorithm relies on TCN due to its superior performance for classifying current data points and subsequently computing derived parameters like gas film formation time, lifetime, mean discharge current and energy. Its versatility is demonstrated across various experimental conditions, showcasing its potential for rapid and accurate systematic studies. By highlighting the algorithm's applicability in real-time process control for SACE, this study establishes a foundation for future advancements in the field of glass micromanufacturing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The article examines the early printed panegyric Philosophia Aristotelica by Mykhail Kozachynsky (1745) and the engraved portraits of the Ukrainian hetman Kyrylo Rozumovsky by Johann Christian Gottfried Fritzsch (1750) and Georg Friedrich Schmidt (1762). These items belong to the collection of books and memorabilia owned by the Razumovsky noble family, specifically their Razumovskiana. The narrative and visual sources are treated through the prism of their commemorative significance and relevance for studying the early modern history of Ukraine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article describes fragments of book collections from five Ukrainian institutions - the Shevchenko Scientific Society, the ?Studion? in Lviv, ?Ridna Shkola? Ukrainian Pedagogical Society, the National Museum in Lviv, and the Greek Catholic Chapter in Przemyśl - which are currently housed in the Early Printed Books Department at the Ossolineum in Wrocław. In addition to the list of books from these collections, the publication provides a brief overview of their history and fortunes after World War II and the circumstances under which these books found their way to the collection of the Ossoliński National Institute in Wrocław. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The publication describes various cases of attributing fragments of editions from the Vernadsky National Library of Ukraine. The attribution included the identification of extracts from the text, authentication of sheets used as flyleaves, and waste paper sheets. It is shown in the examples that the binding shops at the printing houses of Ostroh, Lviv, Kyiv, and Chernihiv actively used waste paper. The article describes cases when the attribution of editions assembled from fragments, the Vilnius Gospel in particular, became the reason for a scientific study and catalogue of the Gospels of 1575-1644 in the library collection. The attribution of fragments of several different editions allowed us to identify unknown printing variants, and to form the complete Gospel text. Printed engravings inserted into books also provide interesting material for further research. The practice of studying them has shown that sometimes they are previously unknown artistic monuments by famous engravers, for example, Hryhorii Levytskyi and Ivan Myhura. The usage of various methods of work, such as the study of the history of engravings, a comprehensive analysis of their state of preservation, the establishment of the history of the copies' use, and the study of paper filigrees, prove that book engravings were also printed for independent distribution. In particular, we are referring to images of evangelists associated with the names of Petro Mstyslavets and Pamva Berinda. The study of printed inserts of engravings, illustrations, and texts into manuscript codices is an interesting and promising area of research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

3D modelling represents a fundamental survey technique to represent archaeological evidence. It is particularly important to draw and analyse engravings because it is more descriptive and, somehow, objective than traditional drawings, which result interpretative and not replicable, becoming a debatable and often controversial matter. A technique able to verify the overlaying of signs is essential to establish the relative sequence, thus the chronology of engravings. However, there are several techniques and they provide different results. The paper tries to empirically compare SfM and PS methods to understand how they work on surface representation and which are their specificities in a difficult context such as the Pianaùra engravings. The aim of the paper is to verify the accuracy of the techniques. Three paths are pursued: the first analyses pure quantitative data, such as counting the number of points or faces built and so on; the second aims to verify quantitatively distortions by geometric measurements analysis; the third is a visual quality test, which focuses on users' perception of 3D models. It can be concluded that the distinct fields of application and the diverse purposes of the research enhance the different specificities of the two techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work appraises the influence of CO2 laser irradiation on mass loss, morphology, chemical changes and discolouration of spruce wood surfaces. The amount of energy applied to the surface was expressed as the total irradiation dose, which was demonstrated to have a strong impact on increasing wood weight loss. Along with increasing mass loss, surface roughness also increased, resulting from the differences in density between the early wood and late wood. The evaluated roughness parameters increased linearly with increasing irradiation dose and mass loss. At the maximum irradiation dose, the Ra parameter value parallel to the fibre direction showed a 6-fold increase; perpendicular to the grain, the increase was as much as 33.5-fold. Similar differences were also observed for the parameter Rz. At the lowest laser power and the lowest raster density, the engraved spruce wood surface exhibited some evidence of discolouration (ΔE* ≅ 9). An additional increase in the amount of supplied energy clearly resulted in a novel surface colour compared to the original (ΔE* = 12). The chemical analysis of the wood surface revealed that the discolouration was mainly caused by heat-induced cleavage of C=O groups in the lignin and hemicellulose structures. Part of these structures (so-called chromophores) are responsible for the natural colour of the wood as well as for colour changes caused by engraving. The detected dependences of the wood mass loss and colour values on the total radiation dose are the basis for achieving targeted modifications of spruce wood surfaces using a laser beam. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eslimi and rotating motifs have long been used in the historical monuments of Herat, the tiling industry and the use of Eslimi and rotating motifs in ancient times have always painted the historical and religious monuments of Herat, but its values and characteristics are not introduced for society, artist Students and artisans. The objectives of this research are to evaluate and introduce the latent characteristics Eslimi and Rotating motifs use of in the tiling of the mausoleum of Khajeh Abdullah Ansari in Herat, to develop public awareness of the values of these motifs and apply the results of the present study in the field of art as a lesson for students. This research has been done by library, field, observational and qualitative method. Visual research method is used in this article and the first hand data, which are the patterns on the tiles, have been analayzed and interpreted by the authors of the article in visual research. The results of the research show that: The Eslimi element has been used in most of the motifs of the mausoleum of Khajeh Abdullah Ansari, repetition (symmetry) as an action that ends in boredom is not mentioned in the motifs used in the mausoleum of Khajeh Ansari, Eslimi movement (Snail) is a symbolic movement of ascension that leads man to perfection, diversity, variety, types of structures, different compositions and multiplicity of elements are the prominent features of the motifs of the mausoleum of Khajeh Abdullah Ansari, the existence of simplicity in some of the motifs of the mausoleum mansion of Khajeh Abdullah Ansari shows the strong understanding of the artist of the pattern of aesthetics, the combination of objectivity and mentality in the engravings of the mansion of Khajeh Abdullah Ansari is clearly evident. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interdisciplinary is proposed to address a technologic knowledge-based society. This research employs quantitative methodology to analyze the perception of an integrated interdisciplinary practice involving engraving and poetry among 63 teachers in initial training. The goal is to identify correlations between age, gender, and the three dimensions of interdisciplinary. We infer a moderate positive correlation between age and the perception of skills, and a weak correlation with the perception of knowledge and interdisciplinary attitude dimensions, yielding results. This research aligns with the stance in favor of interdisciplinary education, advocating for its importance from pre-university to university levels, as a preparation for students to tackle complexity.

Статья посвящена одному из примеров научно-исследовательской работы Приморской государственной картинной галереи с предметами музейных коллекций — атрибуции гравированного «Портрета Д.А. Ровинского», выполненного В.Е. Маковским. Ключевым элементом, требовавшим изучения, была ремарка на полях оттиска, изображение ребенка. В результате источниковедческого исследования, привлечения историко-биографических сведений, сравнения данных Государственного каталога Музейного фонда Российской Федерации, Одесского художественного музея, Государственного музея Л.Н. Толстого, архивной работы установлено, кто именно изображен в дополнении к портрету и при каких обстоятельствах, а также исправлена ранее принятая атрибуция этого графического произведения.

In the carried out research is highlighted the role and contribution of lithography as an original technique of multiplication, which contributed to the development of graphic art. Focusing on the presentation of the technical characteristics, the author pleads for bringing back the interest of plastic artists and graphic design students towards this technique, which offers various possibilities for creative expression. The evolution of lithography in historical circumstances is being traced, as well as its impact in artistic creation, highlighting both the advantages of lithography and its utilitarian and aesthetic role. At the same time, are mentioned the most representative plastic artists who have approached the lithographic technique in their works, which influences and helps the contemporary artist in his own work, marked by the active interaction of technology, science and art. Only by mastering the various techniques professionals will be educated with a developed visual perception and a high creative potential.

The article is dedicated to the examination of the bookplate of modern Ukraine, which starting from the 1990s entered the state of its revival and flourishing. A version of the bookplate typology, formed on the basis of pictorial motifs as the main classification criteria is proposed, while typologically bookplate is usually divided into groups based on the scope of use or the technique for creating graphic sheets. The reasons for the actualization of bookplate as a type of engraving at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries, the factors that influenced its popularization outside the country, and the transformation of the functions of bookplate are considered. The role of collecting as one of the most powerful stimuli for the popularization of bookplate in the modern world of graphic arts is emphasized; the leading centers for the development of the bookplate in Ukraine at the beginning of the 21st century and the technique preferred by artists are indicated.

For an engraving machine system with input dynamic disturbance and output random measurement noise, a two-degrees-of-freedom proportional integral derivative (2-DOF PID) control method based on the Kalman filter is firstly proposed in this paper, which can effectively reject the input disturbance and ensure the set point tracking performance of the controller. The 2-DOF controller consists of a disturbance rejection controller and a set point tracking controller. The disturbance rejection controller is composed of a PID controller based on a disturbance observer and expectation model. The parameters of the set point tracking controller are tuned using a differential evolution algorithm (DE), and the cumulative absolute error value (IAE) is used as the fitness function of the DE algorithm, which can improve the rationality of intelligent parameter tuning. In addition, the Kalman filter is also applied to deal with the output noise to suppress the influence of the output measurement uncertainty. Finally, compared with existing algorithms, the feasibility and superiority of the proposed algorithm are verified using numerical simulation and an experimental test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the effectiveness in the use of texture painting software packages, which are more commonly used in the film and game industries, as a method for detecting and recording carvings on non-planar surfaces. This new approach is demonstrated through a case study of the Piraeus Lion, a sculpture in Venice which has documented engravings that are subtle and have proven difficult to fully recorded and interpret using traditional approaches. Through the creation of a new digital documentation of the Piraeus Lion using Structure from Motion, the model was processed using existing methods and other experimental visualisation techniques. The outputs from these were then compared to the those from two software, Substance Painter and Mari. These software packages helped to visualise the carvings and showed that the method has potential for a wide range of uses, both within epigraphy and other fields of study relating to carvings on stone including rock art and runology. The presented method is intended to be used alongside existing digital and analogue methods as a tool for annotating, evaluating, and discovering new carvings in their original context. In particular, Substance Painter offers a repeatable, easy to use, and intuitive solution to creating easily distributable visualisations and annotated models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using rock art conservation as a focus, this paper outlines the levels of legislated protection afforded to designated natural and cultural areas/sites in Australia and describes the co-management approach adopted in 1998 in relation to Mutawintji National Park in western New South Wales. The park encompasses four different protection categories: a Historic Site, a Nature Reserve, a National Park, and a State Conservation Area. Known for more than a century, the Historic Site is a major area of rock art containing Aboriginal engravings, paintings and stencils. Management of the Historic Site is a key concern, given the tourist interest and associated potential for accelerated deterioration of cultural heritage. The Mutawintji Plan of Management pointed to the importance of Mutawintji for Aboriginal people to connect with the country, and the co-management model encouraged tourism development as a means of providing employment opportunities as Aboriginal guides. No special legislative requirements in relation to rock art conservation, beyond those already in existence, were applied to the co-management system. Using field knowledge involving rock art research and early guide training programs at Mutawintji and literature sources, this paper suggests possible future approaches to rock art conservation in the Mutawintji Lands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Palíndromo is the property of Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The ultraviolet laser‐induced plasma‐assisted ablation performed in this article can attain deep and high‐quality engravings in sapphire without necessitating volatile solutions or expensive equipment such as high‐power ultrashort‐pulsed lasers. The dominant mechanism of ablation is discovered to be from the direct ablation of excited sapphire surfaces and not from the plasma generated from the target material. Only an initial deposition from the target is needed to initiate the direct ablation. Note that 20‐µm wide, 30‐µm deep channel and hole features with a surface roughness (Sa) of.65 µm are achieved at an etching rate of.3 µm per pulse without the need for extensive cleaning. Engravings can reach up to 150‐µm depths at a maximum tapering angle of 5° until the shrinking absorbent surface vanishes, and 500‐µm wide 430‐µm deep topside through‐cutting is achieved. This study characterizes the morphology of direct laser ablation of transient absorbent sapphire surfaces. This method demonstrates the potential for the low‐cost rapid engraving of high aspect ratio features in transparent sapphire substrates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article delves into the literature sources and historical origins of the initial section of the Qisha Canon, a renowned block-printed Chinese Buddhist Canon carved in the greater Hangzhou region during the Song and Yuan dynasties. The existing first twelve volumes, preserved in Japan, exhibit distinct features characterized by notable stylistic script, textual content, and layout. These features indicate their direct lineage from handwritten Buddhist canons of the Northern Song Dynasty rather than from previously printed versions. The utilization of handwritten sources as the foundation for engraving, despite the availability of established printed editions, demonstrates an underappreciated complex relationship between manuscripts and printed canons of the period. Throughout the engraving process of the twelve volumes, the majority of contributors were found to be local commoners, with minimal participation from Buddhist followers. The fluidity of the fundraising locations underscores the inherent instability of such projects. Initially commencing in Liaoqin's hometown in Huzhou, the project was subsequently transferred to the imperial city of Lin'an prefecture (modern Hangzhou), which shared a border with Huzhou. Ultimately, it found its new location in Pingjiang Prefecture (modern Suzhou). Moreover, this research presents a comprehensive analysis of 195 colophons, delving into the prices, locations, and backgrounds of the characters mentioned. This meticulous examination offers a vivid depiction of the religious and social landscape of the period and provides valuable insights into the recording conventions employed in these colophons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]