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The rapid urbanization of urban areas in China has brought about great variation in the layout of cities and serious air pollution. Recently, the focus has been directed toward understanding the role of urban morphology in the generation and spread of atmospheric pollution, particularly in PM2.5 emissions. However, there have been limited investigations into the impact of three-dimensional (3D) features on changes in PM2.5 concentrations. By analyzing a wealth of data on building structures based on a mixed linear model and variance partition analysis in the Yangtze River Delta throughout 2018, this study sought to examine the associations between PM2.5 concentrations and urban building form, and further compared the contributions of two-dimensional (2D) and 3D building features. The findings revealed that both 2D and 3D building forms played an important role in PM2.5 concentrations. Notably, the greater contribution of 3D building forms on PM2.5 concentrations was observed, especially during the summer, where they accounted for 20% compared to 7% for 2D forms. In particular, the building height range emerged as a crucial local factor affecting PM2.5 concentrations, contributing up to 12%. Moreover, taller buildings with more variability in height were found to aid in the dispersion of pollution. These results underscore the substantial contribution of 3D building morphology to PM2.5 pollution, contrasting with previous studies. Furthermore, compact buildings were linked to lower pollution levels, and an urban landscape characterized by polycentric urban structures and lower fragmentation was deemed more favorable for sustainable urban development. This study is significant in investigating the contribution of 3D morphology to PM2.5 and its importance for pollution dispersion mechanisms. It suggests the adoption of a polycentric urban form with a broader range of building heights in urban planning for local governments in the Yangtze River Delta. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soil acidification has emerged as a critical limiting factor for the sustainable development of the tea industry. In this article, a comprehensive review of 63 original research articles focusing on the impact of amendments on the pH in tea plantations soil was conducted. Through meta-analysis, the effect of applying soil amendments to increase the pH of tea plantation soil and its influencing factors were investigated. The results revealed that lime had a significant impact, increasing the pH by 18% in tea plantation soil, while rapeseed cake had a minimal (2%) effect. It was observed that as the quantity of amendments and pH levels increased, so did their impact on the pH of tea plantation soil. Subgroup analysis within biochar showed varying effects, depending on soil pH, with an 11% increase in acidic soil. Among these amendments, biochar produced at pyrolysis temperature ranging from 501–600 °C and derived from animal waste demonstrated significant effect on increasing soil pH in tea plantations by 9% and 12%, respectively. This study offers valuable insights into improving and ensuring the health and sustainability of tea plantations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phytoremediation is considered an effective strategy for remediation of heavy-metal-contaminated soil in mining areas. However, single-species plants cannot reach the highest potential for uptake of heavy metals due to inhibition of their growth by high concentrations of heavy metals in the soil. Therefore, this study has explored the effects of illite application and two plant species' co-cropping on soil quality, plant growth, and heavy metal transformation in a soil–plant system. The results reveal that the addition of 1% (mass fraction) of illite significantly enhances soil pH. The co-cropping of Ilex cornuta and Epipremnum aureum is beneficial for improving the organic matter content of the soil. The contents of EDTA-extractable Pb, Zn, and Cu were significantly reduced by 29.8–32.5%, 1.85–5.72%, and 30.0–32.9%, respectively, compared to the control. The co-cropping of Ilex cornuta and Epipremnum aureum promoted enrichment effects of Epipremnum aureum on Pb and Ilex cornuta on Cd (p < 0.05). The co-cropping pattern lowered the biomass of Ilex cornuta and Epipremnum aureum; however, co-cropping of Ilex cornuta and Epipremnum aureum promoted the elimination of Pb, Zn, Cu, and Cd from the soil at 13.0–75.8%, 11.1–38.2%, 8.39–88.4%, and 27.8–72.5%, respectively. It is concluded that illite application combined with co-cropping of Ilex cornuta and Epipremnum aureum is highly effective for the elimination of Pb, Zn, Cu, and Cd from contaminated soil. This study provides a theoretical basis and pathway for the restoration of heavy-metal-contaminated soil in mining with the application of bentonite combined with phytoremediation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Magnesium plays a crucial role in plant physiological processes. However, the specific mechanisms underlying the response of tea plants to altered magnesium nutrition under acid stress remain unclear. This study investigates how root environment acidification impacts tea seedlings and the role of magnesium (Mg) in mitigating these effects. We examine varying pH and Mg levels' influence on tea seedlings' resistance to abiotic stress, focusing on antioxidant capacity and nutritional content. In a hydroponic experiment, we varied root pH (3.5, 5.0, 6.5) and Mg concentrations (0.01, 0.4, 0.8 mM), assessing parameters like antioxidant capacity, peroxidative damage, and nutritional content at 1, 7, 15, and 30 days post treatment. Root environment acidification and Mg deficiency worsened peroxidative damage in tea plant leaves and roots. Increased Mg supplementation enhanced antioxidant enzyme activity, reducing malondialdehyde and mitigating oxidative damage from root environment acid stress. Under acid stress, 0.8 mM Mg significantly increased tea leaf polyphenols, amino acids, and water-soluble extracts. Mg notably boosted chlorophyll content, surpassing lower Mg levels at pH 5. Additionally, Mg reversed root vitality inhibition induced by acid stress, leading to increased nitrogen, potassium, and Mg concentrations in leaves, promoting balanced nutrient absorption. Mg supplementation is crucial for enhancing tea plant antioxidant capacity, alleviating growth inhibition from root-environment acid stress, and improving chlorophyll content and root vitality, highlighting Mg's significance in tea cultivation and broader agricultural practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]