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The adjective καρπάλιμος ‘swift’ (H.+) is argued to be based on a reduplicated adjective *ku̯ l̥[h1 ]-ku̯ l̥ h1 -o- ‘turning’ from PIE *ku̯ elh1 - ‘to turn’, dissimilated to *kalku̯ alo- and further to *karpalo-. The form in -imo- can derive from the corresponding abstract noun in -i- and/or be extracted from compounds with *karpali- as first member following models like καλλιπλόκαμος : κάλλιμος.

This paper presents on all the possible adjacent consonant letters in Dotyali, one of the descendant language of Sanskrit, mainly spoken in Shudoor Paschim Nepal [sʊdʊrə-pəssɪmə] (Far-western) and compares the results of their phonological changes in seven local contemporary speech (dialects)：Doteli，Dadeldhuri，Bajhangi，Achhami，Baitadeli，Darchuli and Bajureli. Based on the corpus data from the field survey conducted in between July-September 2017 on a list of 1000 frequently used Dotyali words, this paper comes with a conclusion that even the onset clusters with rising sonority profile (except glides) are broken up by vowel epenthesis or simplify the clusters by deletion. It is revealed that dialects, except from the Achhami and Bajureli, the consonants with different degree of sonority across the syllable boundary tend to be changed due to syllable contact to meet Sonority hierchy, but the sonority distance between two consonants (coda and onset consonants) varies, therefore phonological changes like assimilation, dissimilation, desonorization, contact anaptyxis, contact methasis etc. goes differently. The phonological changes in Bajureli occurs maily due to other separate independent constraints.

Este artículo trata de las propiedades de la fonología segmental y suprasegmental del maropa, una lengua Takana casi extinta de la Amazonía boliviana. Se describen los procesos principales de las vocales y las consonantes para establecer las reglas de cómo los segmentos interactúan en este idioma. Además, una descripción de la estructura silábica y la asignación del acento revela que las características de los sonidos están relacionadas con dominios prosódicos, morfofonológicos y sintácticos. Asimismo, en el presente documento se explica el origen de dos de las cuatro consonantes africadas en maropa, cuya presencia se debe a procesos históricos de asimilación y disimilación, según comparaciones con lenguas emparentadas. Sostendré que estos sonidos evolucionaron de las otras dos africadas preexistentes, y que su desarrollo diacrónico generó contrastes fonémicos entre los fonos.

RESUMEN El presente artículo analiza el Vasco Occidental Antiguo; concretamente, desde cuándo y mediante qué rasgos puede diferenciarse. Tras analizar las variantes léxicas y la pérdida de la aspiración mencionadas por diversos investigadores, concluyo que su valor clasificatorio es escaso y que su empleo resulta un criterio débil. Sin embargo, muestro que la disimilación a + a > ea relacionada con el uso del artículo definido resulta más relevante y presento un estudio detallado de la misma. El estudio me ha proporcionado la oportunidad de reflexionar sobre la extensión del Vasco Occidental Antiguo, sobre el papel de Vitoria-Gasteiz como foco y sobre los modelos de difusión medievales. LABURPENA Lan honetan Mendebaleko Euskara Zaharra dut aztergai; zehazki, noiztik bereiz daitekeen berau eta zein ezaugarriren bidez egin daitekeen bereizketa hori. Zenbait ikertzailek aipatutako aldaera lexikoak eta hasperenaren galera aztertuta, sailkapen dialektal nagusietarako balio apala dutela ondorioztatu dut, eta horiek erabiltzea irizpide ahula dela. Aitzitik, artikulu definituari lotutako a + a > ea disimilazio morfonologikoak bestelako baldintzak betetzen dituela erakusten dut, eta horren azterketa aurkeztu. Azterketa horrek, hain zuzen, aukera eman dit hausnarketa eta proposamenak egiteko Mendebaleko Euskara Zaharraren hedaduraz, Gasteizen foku-izaeraz eta Erdi Aroko difusio-ereduez. ABSTRACT This paper analyses the emergence of the Old Western Basque dialect. It focuses on the issue of since when can it be differentiated, and what features can be used to establish it. For that purpose, I have analysed the lexical variants and loss of aspiration mentioned by some researchers, and I have concluded that their value is weak for dialectal classifications. However, I show that the dissimilation a + a > ea related to the definite article meets the standards for differentiating a dialect, and I present a detailed study of it. More generally, I also reflect on the wide extension of the Old Western Basque, Vitoria-Gasteiz as a focus and the diffusion models applicable to the Middle Ages.

This is a revised version of my paper presented in a special session on reduplication at the Fall Conference of Language Research Institute, Hankuk University of Foreign Studies (Nov. 1, 2019).

Background: Pichia pastoris (Komagataella phaffii) is a model organism widely used for the recombinant expression of eukaryotic proteins, and it can metabolize methanol as its sole carbon and energy source. Methanol is oxidized to formaldehyde by alcohol oxidase (AOX), which is further metabolized either in the assimilation or dissimilation pathway. In the dissimilation pathway, formaldehyde is oxidized to CO2 by formaldehyde dehydrogenase (FLD), S-hydroxymethyl glutathione hydrolase (FGH) and formate dehydrogenase (FDH). In addition, formaldehyde induces DNA-protein crosslinks (DPCs). Formaldehyde dehydrogenase is critical to minimize formaldehyde-mediated DNA lesions. Although phenotypes have been studied in engineered strains by modified dissimilation, there is a clear lack of systematic studies at the whole-omics level, especially transcriptomics and metabolomics.Results: Focusing on the dissimilation pathway being cut off, we compared the transcriptomes and metabolomes from a formaldehyde dehydrogenase-deficient strain (Δfld), an S-hydroxymethyl glutathione dehydrogenase-deficient strain (Δfgh), a formate dehydrogenase deficient-strain (Δfdh) and the wild type (GS115). First, the differences between strains were most apparent after FLD knockout. When methanol was used as the sole carbon source, the differential metabolites between GS115 and Δfld were mainly enriched in ABC transporters, amino acid biosynthesis, and protein digestion and absorption. Second, analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between knockout and wild type strains under methanolic incubation showed that oxidative phosphorylation, glycolysis and the TCA cycle were downregulated, while proteasomes, autophagy and peroxisomes were upregulated. Transcription of alcohol metabolism was upregulated. It is worth noting that the degree of variation was positively correlated with the gene order of dissimilation pathway knockdown. In addition, there were significant differences in amino acid metabolism and glutathione redox cycling that raised our concerns about formaldehyde sorption in cells.Conclusions: This is the first time that integrity of dissimilation pathway analysis was carried out in Pichia pastoris on the basis of transcriptomics and metabolomics. Truncation of the dissimilation pathway affected methanol metabolism, and knockdown of FLD impaired formaldehyde assimilation. The significant downregulation of oxidative phosphorylation may reveal that FLD and FGH are key enzymes in the energy utilization of cellular methanol metabolism. In addition, formaldehyde can not only bind glutathione but also react with amino acids, especially cysteine. The upregulation of the proteasome and autophagy may solve the problem of DNA-protein crosslinking caused by formaldehyde.

Arabic language comes first in terms of loanwords in Turkey Turkish. There are many words of Arabic origin in our language. While some of them entered into Turkish as they were, some others became established in the language by undergoing several phonological changes. With the exception of dissimilation examples such as kale ˂ kalǾa and cetvel ˂ cedvel, these phonological phenomena stem from the fact that these words are not compatible with the phonological structure of Turkish language. In other words, phonological changes, epenthesis or elision seen in the words transferred from Arabic into Turkey Turkish result from an effort in our language to adapt these words into its own phonological structure. Some of these phonological phenomena are related to the consonants hemze and ayn in Arabic alphabet. However, these consonants do not have phonetic equivalents in Turkish. Thus, they were subjected to phonological changes or elision when transferred from Arabic into Turkey Turkish. This paper addresses the phonological phenomena involving ayn and hemze in the Arabic words in Turkey Turkish.

The fact that human language is highly structured and that, moreover, the way it is structured shows striking similarities in the world’s languages has been addressed from two different perspectives. The first, and more traditional, generative hypothesis is that the similarities are due to an innate language faculty. There is an inborn ‘grammar’ with universal principles that manifest themselves in each language and cross-linguistic variation arises due to a different parameter setting of universal principles. A second perspective is that there is no inborn, innate language faculty, but that instead structure emerges from language usage. This paper purports to develop and illustrate a third perspective, according to which the structural similarities in human languages are the result of the way the cognitive system works in perception. The essential claim is that structural properties follow from the limitations of human cognition in focus.

Migration research developed significantly in the past decades. However, with the life course approach and the concept of transnational migration, there are still two different, as yet largely unconnected conceptual perspectives on migration. Both approaches have their merits but also their shortcomings. This paper tries to overcome these shortcomings by combining the advantages of both perspectives to suggest a unified theoretical concept of transnational life courses (TNLC). TNLC builds on the multidimensional understanding of transnational migration research that (potential) migrants live in multiple social and cultural spaces leading to parallel assimilation and dissimilation processes. This perspective is merged with the life course approach with its chronologically ordered understanding of causality relying on preceding determinants and subsequent outcomes in form of events and periods. Based on data provided by the German Emigration and Remigration Panel Study (GERPS) some simple empirical analyses were conducted to illustrate the potential of the TNLC approach.

This paper reports on a comprehensive phonetic study of American classroom learners of Russian, investigating the influence of the second language (L2) on the first language (L1). Russian and English productions of 20 learners were compared to 18 English monolingual controls focusing on the acoustics of word-initial and word-final voicing. The results demonstrate that learners&rsquo, Russian was acoustically different from their English, with shorter voice onset times (VOTs) in [&minus, voice] stops, longer prevoicing in [+voice] stops, more [&minus, voice] stops with short lag VOTs and more [+voice] stops with prevoicing, indicating a degree of successful L2 pronunciation learning. Crucially, learners also demonstrated an L1 phonetic change compared to monolingual English speakers. Specifically, the VOT of learners&rsquo, initial English voiceless stops was shortened, indicating assimilation with Russian, while the frequency of prevoicing in learners&rsquo, English was decreased, indicating dissimilation with Russian. Word-final, the duration of preceding vowels, stop closures, frication, and voicing during consonantal constriction all demonstrated drift towards Russian norms of word-final voicing neutralization. The study confirms that L2-driven phonetic changes in L1 are possible even in L1-immersed classroom language learners, challenging the role of reduced L1 use and highlighting the plasticity of the L1 phonetic system.

Most cases of long-distance consonant dissimilation can be characterized as local (occurring across a vowel) or unbounded (occurring at all distances). The only known exception is rhotic dissimilation in Sundanese (Cohn 1992; Bennett 2015a,b), which applies in certain non-local contexts only. Following a suggestion by Zuraw (2002:433), I show that the pattern can be analyzed in a co-occurrence-based framework (Suzuki 1998) by invoking two unbounded co-occurrence constraints, *[r]…[r] and *[l]…[l], whose effects in local contexts are obscured by a drive for identity between adjacent syllables. Statistical trends in the lexicon are consistent with this analysis. I compare the predictions of this analysis to those of Bennett’s (2015a,b) and suggest that the present proposal is preferable.

The dissimilation of the social functions of commercial banks is a phenomenon that the function of commercial banks deviates from the economic development and the people's livelihood. Such phenomenon, which can be seen all over the world, impedes the socio-economic development and affects the well-being of the people to some degree. After investigating and analyzing the dissimilation of the social functions of Chinese commercial banks, it was found that their social functions play a significant role, and the booming development of these banks has made great contribution to the economic growth and improved people's livelihood in China. China should also have special experience in preventing and handling this dissimilation.

This study aims to analyze and describe the morphemic and phonemic structures of verbs and nouns in a research abstract as source of data. The morphemic structure analysis focuses on the free-bound morphemic affixations of English verbs and nouns while the morphophonemic analysis focuses on the allomorph variations of the inflectional morphemes in English verbs and nouns. Findings of the study reveal that majority of the verbs used in the research abstract have inflectional type of affixations where a bound morpheme is added to the stem as suffix. These morphemes mark tense and number of verbs. The nouns, on the other hand, generally have derivational affixation that involves appending of suffixes to the verb form to derive the noun form. This study affirms that English verbs and nouns generally have inflectional suffixes to mark grammatical categories such as tense and number. In another note, both of the verbs and nouns with inflectional morphemes undergo phonological modifications in terms of their allomorphic variants. The allomorphs [s], [z] and [iz] of the morpheme{s} are used to mark number in nouns and tense in verbs while the allomorphs [d], [ǝd] and [t] of the morpheme {d} mark the tense in regular verbs with inflectional morphemes. The allomorphs in both verbs and nouns involve voicing assimilation and dissimilation as phonological processes. The implications of the findings of the study would be that second language learners of English need to familiarize the morphemic structure of words as they can be very helpful in understanding the meanings of words. Moreover, they have to familiarize the environments where the allomorphic variants of inflectional morphemes are realized so that they would be able to pronounce the words correctly. Such interaction of morphology and phonology can cause learning difficulty for second language learners of English whose first language, like the Cebuano Visayan, is sounded as spelled and is contrary to English which has allophonic and allomorphic variants occurring in words. The analysis can therefore be helpful to teachers in identifying areas of difficulty in learning a second language. &nbsp

In this paper, I show that applying variables in the unconstrainted way that Halle (1962) first proposed causes the representation of certain phonotactic patterns to be simplified. I go on to show that this simplification prohibits an otherwise standard MaxEnt model from being biased in ways that reflect human behavior. As a solution, I propose limiting variables to occurring in the same feature across different segments. This not only prevents the pathological predictions for learnability, but it also makes variables represent more modern theories of assimilation and dissimilation like autosegmental spreading (Goldsmith, 1976) and surface correspondence constraints (Rose & Walker, 2004).

This paper examines cross-level interactions in basic systems modeling segmental harmony in Q theory (Shih & Inkelas 2019, S&I; see also Inkelas & Shih 2015, 2017). Q theory is a theory of segmental representations that decomposes segments (Qs) into linear strings of subsegments (qs). The component qs can differ in feature values, resulting in Qs with contour tones. S&I present Q theory as an alternative to autosegmental representations and use Agreement-by-correspondence (ABC; Rose & Walker 2004, Hansson 2010, Bennett 2015) analyses to derive various kinds of harmony and dissimilation patterns, particularly those involving tones. This paper shows that while the Q theory typologies share the characteristic structures of ABC(D) systems (Bennett & DelBusso 2018, DelBusso & Bennett to appear) at both qand Qlevels, these (sets of) properties interact in more complex embedded structures.

Research commonly compares the educational outcomes of migrants and the second generation to their native peers in destination countries, often finding the former groups lagging behind in education. Their outcomes are rarely compared to their non-migrant peers in the origin countries. Using the dissimilation from origins perspective, we ask whether Turkish-origin men and women in Europe benefit from migration by comparing their educational outcomes to non-migrants in Turkey. At the same time, we comparatively examine the intergenerational transmission of education to determine to what extent individuals capitalise on their parents and grandparents’ resources. Analysing the novel 2000 Families data, we show that migrants and their descendants in Europe obtain higher levels of education than their non-migrant peers in Turkey. While both men and women experience educational benefits from migration, women’s gains are higher. Another salient finding is that Turkish-origin parents in Europe are less able to pass on their socioeconomic resources to their children than their counterparts in Turkey. Overall, the findings corroborate the theory of the dissimilation of Turkish-origin Europeans from their Turkish peers in educational attainment.

The Anatolian Dissimilation Rule (ADR) was first introduced in an oral presentation by us in 2006 and first published by us in 2012, though it had, in several fundamental aspects, been prefigured in articles by, e.g., Gillian Hart and Birgit Olsen. The ADR expresses the following sound change(s): Proto-Indo-European *h3 > {Hittite š; Luvian t/d; Lycian, Milyan t; Lydian s} / ## __ X Labiovelar Y, where X and Y are arbitrary (possibly null) phone strings and X does not contain #. There are five PIE roots/words with attested reflexes in Anatolian that are subject to the ADR, and all of them exhibit the appropriate outcomes: *h3okw- ‘eye’, *h3ēh2u̯r̥ ‘urine’, *h3n̥gwh- ‘fingernail, toenail’, *h3óngwn̥ ‘fat, butter, oil, salve’, *h3(o)rh2u̯ent- ‘innards, intestine(s)’. The ADR covers all relevant items exceptionlessly; nevertheless, it has not been widely accepted. Potential reasons—both Anatolian-specific and more generally phonological—will be discussed and rebutted below, in the light of our previous arguments/suggestions and some newly added and upgraded ones.

فإن القرآن الکريم کلام الله الذي لا يأتيه الباطل من بين يديه ولا من خلفه، أعجز العرب فصحاء اللسان، وأساطين البيان ، فلم يستطيعوا مجاراة أساليبه الرفيعة ، ولا معانيه البديعة ، فتحديه لهم قائم في التأليف والنظم ، فکان من أعظم وجوه الإعجاز ، وأهمها الإعجاز اللغوي؛ لأن القرآن الکريم کلام بليغ بلا منازع ، وبحر شاسع بلا قرار ، يستنبط منه الفقيه الأحکام الشرعية ، ويبنى منه النحوي قواعد التراکيب والصيغ ، ويهتدي به البياني إلى سن اساليب الفصاحة والبيان ، فلا أحد ينکر أن في أساليب القرآن الکريم جوانب جمالية ينبهر بها السامع والقارئ على السواء ، ومن بين هذه الجوانب – بلا شک – الجانب الصوتي . وانطلاقا من هذا ، واستکمالا لجهود العلماء . والباحثين في إظهار الجوانب الإعجازية في التناسق الصوتي في القرآن الکريم ، کان اختياري هذا البحث :" من صور التناسق الصوتي في العربية دراسة تطبيقية على القرآن الکريم " ولا ريب أن کل من يقرأ کتاب الله قراءة متأنية متمعنة سينتابه شعور بجمال التناسق بين الحرکات والحروف والکلمات والجمل والفواصل على المستوى الصوتي والترکيبي ، وکذا إحساس فياض بالمتعة لا يجدها في کلام البشـر ، ومن هنا وجدت نفسي أمام تساؤل يعد هو المشکلة التي يدور حولها هذا البحث وهو : ما سر الجمال البديع الأخاذ الذي يسمو بالتناسق الصوتي فيجعله إيقاعا متميزا متفردا معجزا يتغلغل في النفوس والقلوب فيغمرها بهجة وانشراحا ، ويعمها يقينا وإيمانا ؟ ومن هذا التساؤل رأيت أن يقوم هذا البحث على مقدمة وثمانية مباحث : المبحث الأول : التناسق الصوتي في المخارج . والمبحث الثاني : التناسق الصوتي في الإبدال . والمبحث الثالث :التناسق الصوتي في الإعلال والمبحث الرابع :التناسق الصوتي في الإدغام والمبحث الخامس : التناسق الصوتي في الإتباع والمجاورة والمبحث السادس : التناسق الصوتي في الإمالة والمبحث السابع : التناسق الصوتي في المخالفة الصوتية والمبحث الثامن : التناسق الصوتي في المقاطع الصوتية والفواصل القرآنية. وقد توخيت من خلال هذا البحث التطبيق على القرآن الکريم، ودراسة جماليات التناسق الصوتي في اللغة العربية لغة القرآن الکريم على جميع المستويات بدءا بالحروف ومخارجها وانتهاء بالمقطع الصوتي والفاصلة القرآنية. وحاولت في هذا البحث الوصول إلى الأهداف التالية : إبراز جوانب الجمال الکامن في التناسق الصوتي في الخطاب القرآني . التأکيد على أن القرآن الکريم مشوق يجذب النفوس ويأسر الألباب . محاولة التوصل إلى أسس التناسق بين الجانب الصوتي والجانب المعنوي حيث لا يمکن أن تحل کلمة مکان کلمة أخرى . ولا شک أن طبيعة الموضوع هي التي تحدد المنهج المناسب الذي يعتمد قصد الإحاطة بأهم جوانبه ، ومن أجل ذلک اعتمدت في هذا البحث على المنهجين الوصفي والتحليلي ، مما يـعد مناسبا لمثل هذه الموضوعات حيث يقوم المنهج الوصفي بوصف الظاهرة وتشخيصها، والمنهج التحليلي بتحليلها والکشف عن جوانبها ومعطياتها اللغوية. ثم کانت الخاتمة التي ذکرت فيها أهم ما توصلت إليه ، وذيلت هذا البحث بأهم المصادر والمراجع التي کانت لها صلة وثيقة بموضوع بحثي ، وکان لها الفضل في إضاءة الکثير من جوانب هذا الموضوع . وأخيرا أحمد الله القدير الذي وفقني إلى اختيار هذا الموضوع وأعانني على إتمامه ، فإن کنت قد وفقت فيه فهذا من فضل الله وکرمه وتوفيقه ، وان کانت الأخرى فحسبي إخلاص النية في خدمة کتابه العزيز ، وما کان من خطأ ونسيان فمن نفسي والشيطان ، وأستلهم من الله – سبحانه وتعالى – العون والمدد والرشد والصواب، وأرجو منه – عز وجل – التوفيق والسداد ، وآخر دعوانا أن الحمد لله رب العالمين . الباحثة محاسن فکري عبد الخالق مجاهد أستاذ مساعد ورئيس قسم أصول اللغة بکلية الدراسات الإسلامية والعربية للبنات بالمنصورة Research Summary Praise be to Allah, taught man that which he knew not, revealed the miraculous Great Quran in its verse rhythm and Surahs and sections conformity as it is the eternal message of Islam at all times and it is the secret of Arabic language and rhetoric; and blessings and peace be upon the beloved Mustafa, the most fluent and well – spoken in Arabic and has the strongest argument and proof, Then, The Great Quran is the miraculous words of Allah as falsehood cannot approach it from before or behind it. It challenges the fluent Arabs but they can't catch up with its high-standard styles and meanings. It challenges them in authoring and rhythm. The linguistic challenge is the most miraculous aspects of Quran as it is definitely penetrating and eloquent words and it has endless borders where the jurist extracts the sharia rules, the grammarian builds the rules of structure and forms and the rhetorical specialist uses to create the rhetoric styles. No one can deny that Quran has several beautiful aspects attracting the listeners and writers, including the sound aspect. In the light of the foregoing and completing the efforts of scientists and researchers to show the miraculous aspects of sound consistency of Holy Quran, I choose this research name "Forms of Sound Consistency of Arabic Language – Applied Study on Quran". If any person carefully recites the Holy Quran, He will definitely feel the beauty of coherence and cohesion between letters, rhymes, words, sentences and sections in term of sound and structure. He shall also find a lot of joy which it is difficult to find in the human speeches. Therefore, I face a question which is the issue of this research i.e. what is the secret of this attractive beauty making the sound harmony to be a miraculous, distinctive and unique rhythm penetrating the hearts and feelings overflowing with joy, relaxation, certainty and faith? Though this question, this research can reach the following results: 1- The sound consistency is a harmony of the sounds of one word or two surrounding words in descriptions or/and points of articulation and an agreement among vowels, sound syllables, quranic breaks for achieving the sound agreement of words and facilitating the pronunciation of dissonant sounds though harmony and consistency. 2- It is found that the liquid letters is the easiest on the tongue and they are six letters: three from the tip of the tongue (raa’, noon, laam) and three from lips (faa’, baaa’, meem). They are too common in Arabic language for facilitating pronunciation and achieving sound harmony. 3- The Holy Quran is the Book of Allah and it is miraculous in its sound consistency, harmony and coherence. The sound consistency represents a miraculous aspect of the Holy Quran as the language of Quran features of this sound consistency accompanied by lightness and ease of pronunciation. 4- The sound consistency of Arabic language and Quran is represented in the harmony between the voiceless letters and the vowel letters whether partially, wholly or mutually. 5- The sound consistency is achieved in Arabic language and Quran through Al Idgham which means the approach of letters with one point of articulation, similar points of articulation or some similar characteristics. The Al Idgham aims at facilitating pronunciation in order to achieve the sound consistency. 6- The sound consistency is also achieved in Arabic language and Quran through Al Ibdal which subject to the sound relation as the similarity in description or point of articulation is a key condition in the sound replacement which occurred to achieve the sound consistency in the word structure for facilitating pronunciation. 7- The Arabic language eliminates the disharmony through Al Iaalal which aims at achieving the sound consistency between the sounds of Arabic word and reducing the exerted effort to pronounce the same. 8- Furthermore, Al Imalla represents an aspect of sound consistency in Arabic language and Quran for facilitating pronunciation in order to achieve the sound consistency. 9- The sound consistency in Arabic language and Quran is also achieved through dissimilation which is the opposite of assimilation. The dissimilation is performed by changing one of two same sounds to a different sound for avoiding sound repetition or duplication, facilitating pronunciation and achieving the sound consistency. 10- The sound consistency is obvious in Quran via suitable quranic sections of its verses. 11- The liquid letters, the elongation letters and the soft letters are repeated in the sections of verses more than other Arabic sounds due to their easement and for facilitating pronunciation and achieving the sound consistency. 12- It is found that there is a music value for the elongation letters and the soft letters which are more used in sections of Quran for stop, Sukoon, intoning and elongation. 13- There is coherence and harmony among the sound syllables in the verses as the first three sound syllables are repeated: open short syllable, open long syllable and silent-close short syllable in the most verses of the Holy Quran due to their easement, facility and sound consistency. The silent-close long syllable is represented only in two words: (Al Daleein) and (Modhamatan). The silent-close syllable is not found in the Holy Quran because these both syllables are rejected in Arabic expect for stopping at the end of the word by Sukoon due to their difficulty of pronunciation. These are the most important results I conclude in this research. I pray Allah to accept my effort, forgive my failure and transgress and reward whoever reads this research and contribute to complete the same. Allah is Omnipotent and Almighty. Dr. Mahasen Fikry Abdul Khaliq Mujahid Assistant Professor & Head of Principles of Language Department Faculty of Islamic and Arabic Studies – Mansoura (Girls)