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In this work, in order to synthesize new physiologically active substances, the solubility properties of the components in the acetate urea triethanolamine water ternary system were studied by observational polythermal method at a wide range of concentration and a temperature range from -43°C to 18°C. The solubility diagram of the studied system was constructed and the crystallization areas of all substances acetateurea, triethanolamine, ice and the new compound C3H8O3N2·N(C2H4OH)3 acetate ureatriethanolammonium were separated. The composition of the new substance C3H8O3N2·N(C2H4OH)3 was determined using the chemical analysis method. In order to determine optimal conditions for the synthesis of C3H8O3N2·N(C2H4OH)3 acetate ureatriethanolammonium, which has a new physiologically active property, the rheological properties of the solution were studied by adding triethanolamine to 60, 70 and 80 % acetateurea. A "composition-property" diagram was constructed based on the rheological properties of the studied system, the pH indicator, the density and viscosity of the solution, and the refractive index. The optimal conditions for the synthesis of the new substance C3H8O3N2·N(C2H4OH)3 acetate ureatriethanolammonium, obtained by the ratio of components, were determined by adding triethanolamine to a 60 % acetate urea solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Providing farms with low-toxic and effective defoliants from local raw materials speeds up cotton harvesting. Therefore, their development is relevant. Purpose. To obtain effective defoliants with insecticidal properties and physiological activity, to study the interaction of the components: calcium tetraurea chloride and ammonium chloride. Methodology. We used the visual-polythermal method; calcium was determined complexometrically, urea amide - spectrophotocalorimetrically (FEK-56M), chlorate - permanganometrically, chloride ions – by volumetric argentometric method. Originality. A polythermal solubility diagram for a system of calcium tetraurea chlorate and ammonium chloride has been constructed. Findings. Data were obtained on the solubility of the system Сa(ClO3)2∙4CO(NH2)2 - NH4Сl - H2O crystallization, viscosity, density, pH in the presence of ammonium chloride. in a 55% solution of calcium tetraurea chlorate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the influencing factors of abnormal pulmonary function in workers exposed to dust in Yinchuan, and to establish and verify a risk prediction model of abnormal pulmonary function. Methods A total of 923 dust workers who underwent occupational health examination in Yinchuan from March to July 2022 were investigated by questionnaire, physical examination, and laboratory examination. The influencing factors of abnormal pulmonary function in dust exposed workers were analyzed by Logistic regression, and the risk prediction model of abnormal pulmonary function was established> The Receiver Operator Characteristic (ROC) curve, calibration curve, and decision analysis curve were used to evaluate the model. Results The results of multivariate Logistic regression showed that no personal protection (OR =7.806, 95%CI: 5,803-11.989), length of service at work (compared with 0 to 5 years, 6 to 10 years: OR =3.025, 95%CI: 1.764-5.18& > 10 years: OR =2.546: 95%CI: L545-4.193), hypertension (OR =3.909: 95%CI: 2.223-6.873), and BMI (3 24.0 kg/m2) (OR=1.553, 95%CI: 1.004-2.401) were independent risk factors of pulmonary dysfunction, while education (college) (OR= 0,503, 95%CI: 0.299-0.847) was the protective factor of pulmonary dysfunction. The area under the ROC curve of the risk prediction line chart was 0.806, and the calibration curve showed good consistency. The results of clinical decision curve showed that the intervention of abnormal lung function had greater benefits when the threshold probability of the line chart model was 10% to 88%. Conclusion The nomogram constructed by Logistic regression visually demonstrates the role of many influencing factors and has good accuracy in predicting the risk of abnormal pulmonary function in workers exposed to dust. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metacognition relies on representations, which are commonly viewed as internal knowledge structures. We explore the idea that external embodied diagrams, rather than monomodal symbolic-based entities, can provide an accurate description of metacognition in choreographic dance. When marking, dancers use their bodies to represent properties, dynamics, or structures of dance phrases. Marking-for-self occurs when a dancer marks the dance in their own unique manner, potentially allowing for real-time reflection through the manipulation of external signs. These manipulations can be considered diagrammatic semiosis, as diagrams signify shared relational parts analogous to the parts of their objects. Based on Peirce's semiotics, we argue that semiosis is crucial for metacognition. This paper is structured to first review marking and marking-for-self, followed by an overview of metacognition. We then define marking-for-self as a metacognitive phenomenon and introduce Peirce's concept of semiosis and diagrams. Finally, we describe marking as a diagrammatic sign and explain how marking-for-self is an embodied metacognitive process achieved through the manipulation of diagrammatic structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background; Chlorine-free potassium fertilizers in agricultural chlorophobic crops such as potatoes, grapes, vegetables and citrus fruits, then the use of nitrate, sulfate and other potassium compounds does not lose its importance. In this regard, it is important to produce potassium sulfate based on continuous conversion technology of flotation potassium chloride with sulfate-containing salts and to expand the range of chlorine-free potash products. Purpose. Study of the physico-chemical properties of sulfate salts of the Aral region for the production of potassium sulfate. Methodology. The study of physicochemical systems by the isothermal method, determination of the elemental composition and morphological studies of samples were carried out according to the approved methodology. Originally. The solubility diagram of the system 2Na+, 2К+, Mg2+,//SO4 2-, 2Cl- - Н2О was theoretically analyzed by the isothermal method at temperatures of 25, 50 and 750C. It has been established that the salt deposits of the Aral region mainly consist of sodium or magnesium sulfates and/or their mixtures at certain ratios. Findings. From a theoretical analysis of the system 2К+, 2 Na+, Mg 2+//2 Cl-, SO4 -2-H2O it was established that at 00C the volume fraction of schoenite reaches more than 24%, at 250C the volume fraction of astrakhanite is 15%, and at 750C the share Glaserite reaches more than 30%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Circulation spaces in hospitals constitute the main focus of their structure, since they facilitate the flow of patients with varying needs, as well as that of the staff and resources, to guarantee the provision of adequate care. The aim of this study is to present the development of a methodology for the graphical analysis of the flows and circulations that take place within a hospital, using the Príncipe de Asturias University Hospital (Alcalá de Henares) as a case study. Through rigorous research, which has examined the complex processes and relationships that exist across the various care units, a multidimensional and original graphical model has been designed that provides an immediate and accessible reading of the hospital at multiple levels, making it an effective tool for improving the wellbeing of all users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Both dermatopathology and dermatology are highly visual medical specialties. We performed a bibliometric literature survey of the visual arts in reference to either discipline to better understand how medical literature approaches art within the context of the two specialties. Materials and Methods: We performed a bibliometric analysis of publications found via multiple medical search engines and selected keywords meant to capture art‐related publications in dermatopathology and dermatology. Keywords (art, portrait, painting, dermatology, dermatopathology) and keyword combinations were entered into the search engines PubMed, Google Scholar, Science Direct, Pubs Hub, and Scopus. Topics of articles, years of publication, countries of origin, and contributing journals were compiled and analyzed. Results: Eighty publications were retrieved between January 1903 and August 2021. The highest number of articles were found in both PubMed and Google Scholar (n = 55), and the top publication year was 2020 (n = 11). Geographically, the United States of America (n = 38) had the greatest number of articles. The dermatology and art keyword combination yielded the most journal articles (n = 36), and the maximum number of publications were retrieved from JAMA Dermatology (n = 14) followed by the American Journal of Dermatopathology (n = 10). Conclusion: Our survey showed an increasing number of publications related to the visual arts and dermatopathology/dermatology during the examined period, and a transition from observational case studies (often relating to art history) to articles examining the incorporation of the visual arts into medical training programs or professional societies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Starting with the figure of Peter Eisenman, this article presents the concept of the diagram and its importance in the architectural production of recent decades in order to then demonstrate how such a project tool allows us to think, visualize, and speculate not only about architectural form but also about the contextual forces that surround any spatial construction. This hypothesis will be supported by the critical analysis of two literary works: Diagram Diaries by Eisenman and Urban Flotsam: Stirring the city by Raoul Bunschoten/CHORA, accompanied by several illustrative examples where the graphic expression of these forces and their influence on the form and program of the architectural, urban, or territorial project is made visible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The graphic image is a formation of symbolic patterns, to which its mental dimensions have been added, and the mixture of language and imagination increases the aesthetics of the poem, and makes it compatible with the idea of the text. It is an important element of the construction of the poetic poem, and an important tool of the poet to express feelings and ideas; Because it is an artistic creativity that addresses both the senses and the mind, and it is the constant and permanent essence of poetry. For the judgment on the speech that we call poetry depends on the presence or absence of graphic and rhetorical images. The artistic image takes many graphic formations, which we can find abundantly present in the poems of the poet Dargham Al-Barqawi, and among these formations that we will discuss in this research are the simile and the figurative image. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2013, Adams introduced the n -crossing number of a knot K , denoted by c n (K). Inequalities between the 2 -, 3 -, 4 - and 5 -crossing numbers have been previously established. We prove c 9 (K) ≤ c 3 (K) − 2 for all knots K that are not the trivial, trefoil, or figure-eight knot. We show this inequality is optimal and obtain previously unknown values for c 9 (K). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peirce's beta graphs are roughly equivalent to our first-order predicate logic. However, Bellucci and Pietarinen have recently argued that the beta graphs are not well-equipped to handle asymmetric relative terms. I survey four proposed solutions to the problem and find them all wanting. I offer a fifth solution according to which Peirce's beta graphs function at three different levels of abstractness from natural language. I diagnose the problem of asymmetric relative terms as arising when we transition from the first to the second level of abstractness. Making grammatical information encoded in natural language explicit at the first level of abstractness and interpreting graphs at the second level of abstractness as shorn of grammatical information resolves the problem. The solution is both well-motivated by Peirce's own commitments and increases the expressiveness of the beta graphs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the various semiotic works devoted to the sensory world and to perception, this article proposes to retrace the generative path of sensory meaning from the immediate perception to its conceptualization. The aim is to highlight not only the constitutive dynamics of the semioses involved in this journey, but also the complex relationships involved in the emergence of sensitive signification. In order to do this, we will return to the constitutive principles of the plan of expression of perceptual semiosis and the dynamics that animate it, before determining their role in the articulation of sensory meaning. In this way, the concept of structure will prove decisive in uncovering a theory of knowledge of the sensible world. We shall see that, from icon to diagram, structure is the object of an abstractive operation that reconfigures not only phenomena and their tensive dynamics, but also the intentional variations of subjects that are functionally associated with them. In this respect, we will underline the importance of the elementary contrast in the classification of the perceived and the construction of the concept, understood as a prototypical example of the class. Finally, we will raise the profoundly unstable character of the perceptual semiosis and the influence games that constantly renegotiate the elementary meaning of the sensory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The variation of the interaction diagrams for solid circular columns is presented considering the position of the longitudinal rebars. Two of them were considered: a) the first rebar coincides with the vertical longitudinal axis, and b) the first rebar is placed out of phase to the right of the semi-angle between two rebars. A variation of -4.2% to 6.6% was evaluated in 32 pairs of interaction diagrams for columns reinforced with a variable quantity of rebars (from 6 to 11 rebars) and steel ratios ranging from 2.42 to 4.13%; the error is 2%, 4%, and 7% in columns reinforced with 10, 7, and 6 rebars, respectively. Therefore, considering the position of the rebars in columns with a small amount of reinforcement (6 to 9 rebars) is very important for the design process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to examine how trends in the use of images in modern life science journals have changed since the spread of computer-based visual and imaging technology. To this end, a new classification system was constructed to analyze how the graphics of a scientific journal have changed over the years. The focus was on one international peer-reviewed journal in life sciences, Cell, which was founded in 1974, whereby 1725 figures and 160 tables from the research articles in Cell were sampled. The unit of classification was defined as a graphic and the figures and tables were divided into 5952 graphics. These graphics were further classified into hierarchical categories, and the data in each category were aggregated every five years. The following categories were observed: (1) data graphics, (2) explanation graphics, and (3) hybrid graphics. Data graphics increased by more than sixfold between 1974 and 2014, and some types of data graphics including mechanical reproduction images and bar charts displayed notable changes. The representation of explanatory graphics changed from hand-painted illustrations to diagrams of Bezier-curves. It is suggested that in addition to the development of experimental technologies such as fluorescent microscopy and big data analysis, continuously evolving application software for image creation and researchers' motivation to convince reviewers and editors have influenced these changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. The synthesis of effective drugs that exhibit both stimulating and insecticidal effects and the study of the mechanisms of their action on agricultural crops is of current interest. Purpose. obtaining physiologically active drugs with insecticidal properties, studying the interaction of components consisting of monoethanolammonium oxalate, acetamiprid and ethanol. Methodology. Thermometers TN-6 and TL-15 were used. Carbon and hydrogen were analyzed by elemental analysis methods (Zeiss EVO MA10). Originality.The interaction of components consisting of monoethanolammonium oxalate, acetamiprid, and ethanol has been studied; on their basis, polythermal solubility diagrams have been constructed. Findings. A polythermal solubility diagram for the HOOC-COOH•NH2C2H4OH–[10% C10H11ClN4 + 90%C2H5OH] – H2Osystem was plotted in the temperature range from –4°С to 26.8°С. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An epistemological framework is given to evaluate the scientificity of Llorente-Bousquets and collaborators' exochorionic images, understood as schematic representations of a system of morphological characters. The images are evaluated at the intersection of three units of analysis: styles, dimensions and epistemic virtues. They are analyzed according to: i) three styles: chirography, photography, and scanning electron microscope (SEM); ii) four virtues: Truth-to-Nature (TtN), Mechanical Objectivity (MO), Structural Objectivity (SO), and Trained Judgment (TJ). Two substyles of chirography are located: descriptive-realistic and 'lettered schema'. The schema is interpreted as characteristica universalis, conceptography or direct representation of morphological concepts, of which provides a priori knowledge. The scientific nature of the image production process is analyzed and evaluated through the model of epistemic virtues and a proposed extended version of it (D&G+). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The modified Ferriman-Gallwey (mFG) diagram for scoring hirsutism uses images with traditionally Eurocentric feminine features. No reports have documented its utility in patients with other gender identities. A 16-year-old nonbinary masculine patient, assigned female sex at birth, was seen for hyperandrogenism and irregular menses. They declined an exam, citing body dysphoria, and declined self-documenting on the mFG diagram, expressing anxiety with gendered images. We subsequently developed a novel, gender-inclusive mFG diagram, which the patient was then comfortable using to document their hair pattern. This case documents how the binary gendered characteristics of the mFG diagram can impact the care of patients. As gender expression is highly individual, we created the first gender-inclusive version of the mFG diagram to enhance care for all patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Central sensitization (CS) has been extensively researched as a cause of persistent pain after total knee arthroplasty (TKA). This systematic review study sought to investigate the diagnosis of CS in patients who underwent TKA for knee osteoarthritis (OA) and the effect of CS on clinical outcomes after TKA. Three comprehensive databases, including MEDLINE, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library, were searched for studies that evaluated the outcomes of TKA in knee OA patients with CS. Data extraction, risk of bias assessment, and (where appropriate) meta-analysis were performed. The standardized mean difference (SMD) with a 95% confidence interval was used to assess the different scales of pain. A total of eight studies were selected, including two retrospective studies and five prospective observational studies. One study used additional randomized controlled trial data. Five studies were finally included in the meta-analysis. All studies had a minimum follow-up period of 3 months. The Central Sensitization Inventory (CSI), whole-body pain diagram, and quantitative sensory testing (QST) were used for measuring CS. The pooled analysis showed that patients with CS had more severe postoperative pain after TKA (SMD, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.40–0.90; p < 0.01) with moderate heterogeneity (I2 = 60%). In patients who underwent TKA with knee OA, CSI is most often used for the diagnosis of CS, and the QST and whole-body pain diagram are also used. CS is closely associated with more severe and persistent pain after TKA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Agriculture is considered not only from the position of providing food products, but also as a promising source of strengthening the export potential of the republic. With the reduction of areas under cotton and grain, mineral fertilizers, stimulants, defoliants and other plant protection products are required. Purpose: substantiation of obtaining drugs with nutritional and physiologically active properties by studying the interaction and rheological properties of the systems of dihydrate oxalic acid and urea Methodology. The solubility was determined using a viscometer VPZh, pH - on a FE 20 METTLER TOLEDO pH meter, light refractive index - on a PAL-BX/RI refractometer. Originality. The interaction of two-water oxalic acid and urea was studied, and on their basis a diagram of the solubility of systems and "composition-properties" was constructed. Findings. Based on two-component systems and internal sections, a polythermal solubility diagram for the systems H2C2O4·2H2O - CО(NH2)2 - H2Owas constructed in the temperature range from -11.2 to 92°C. The limits of crystallization of ice, dihydrate oxalic acid, carbamide and a new phase of carbamide oxalate were determined, and the composition was identified. The crystallization temperatures, viscosity, density and pH were established depending on the ratio of components when urea was added to oxalic acid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Isothermal sections of the phase composition diagram of the Fe – Si – Cr – B system in the temperature range of 300 – 3 000 K with a step of 200 K are constructed. The diagram is shown at a temperature of 1 900 K, which is typical for silicochromium at the outlet from the furnace. A mathematical model of the diagram has been created in the form of a system of linear equations connecting the chemical composition of the metal with its phase. A computer program has been developed for the numerical calculation of the number of formed phases. Silicochromium with 0,3 – 0,5 % boron is located in the crystallization field CrSi2 – Si – SiB4 – FeSi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the methodological, epistemological, aesthetic, and affective tensions between the promise of diagrammatic representation and the practice of discursive expression in Robert Burton's The Anatomy of Melancholy (1621, first edition). It closely interprets the Anatomy 's tabular logic and analytic claims per se and in conjunction with Burton's inductive, imaginative prose. While the discursive gathering of copious particulars aims to cure and to console, by 'rectification' and 'recreation' respectively, the synoptic tables introducing the book's three partitions represent the ambiguous promise of human scientia , thus becoming yet another cause of melancholy. Compared with other early modern instances of tabular and encyclopedic reason, and interpreted in light of recent scholarship on the diagram, Burton's tables play a critical, subtle role not only in the Anatomy 's invention and arrangement of topics, but also on the local level where the struggle for meaning and the experience of affect occurs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A diagram of the phase composition of the three-component metal system Fe-Si-Cr is plotted. It has 12 phases: Fe, Si, Cr, Fe3Si, Fe2Si, Fe5Si3, FeSi, FeSi2, Cr3Si, Cr5Si3, CrSi and CrSi2. The dimensions of the fields formed and the prevalence of individual phases in them have been determined. The most common compounds in the system under study are FeSi, CrSi2 and Cr3Si. Isothermal sections of the diagram are plotted. A mathematical model of the diagram and a computer program have been created. After setting the chemical composition of the metal from the control panel and starting, the computer finds the field (triangle) where the metal is and displays its phase composition in mass percent on a monitor or print. An example of using the created model for calculating the phase composition of ferrosilicon grades is given. FeSi65, FeSi75 and ferrosilicochromium FeSiCr48. A satisfactory agreement was found between the calculated and experimental data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Two-dimensional organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites were identified based on our diagrammatic machine learning model with an accuracy of > 90 %. • A two-dimensional perovskite candidate designed from a visual pattern recognition projection was successfully synthesized. • Three rules for guiding the formation of two-dimensional organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites were extracted from the decision tree model. Two-dimensional (2D) organic–inorganic hybrid perovskites (OIHPs) have drawn increased attention due to rich physical properties such as ferroelectricity and photovoltaic properties. Nevertheless, it is challenging to discover novel 2D OIHPs within the vast chemical composition space. Herein, a diagrammatic machine learning model was employed to improve this issue. We collected 179 OIHPs with a variety of organic cations and screened out 6 features from 10,622 descriptors. Subsequently, a decision tree model was created to predict the dimensionality of OIHPs, achieving a LOOCV accuracy of 0.94 and a test accuracy of 0.89, respectively. Then, one candidate from a virtual space with 8256 samples was successfully synthesized, which was consistent with the prediction of the model. Finally, three rules were produced by visualization of the tree structure to generally discriminate 2D from non-2D OIHPs. It is believed that the diagrammatic model has reliability in identifying 2D OIHPs and will serve further property studies of OIHPs in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is the introductory article by the guest editor of a special issue of Journal of Visual Art Practice, under the title of 'Demands of the Diagram'. It addresses the work of the six contributing artists who explore different aspects of the 'diagram' at the intersection of history, philosophy, science, semiotics and art, in relation to their own and others' creative practices. The article addresses emerging themes of embodiment, evolution and ethics arising out of the discussions, situating them with reference to C. S. Peirce and his theory of creative abduction. In conclusion, the author calls on the work of Isabelle Stengers to argue for the diagram as a commons, where heterogenous knowledges might co-create, helping to make us fit to respond to the demands of our time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anti-elementarity is a strong way of ensuring that a class of structures, in a given first-order language, is not closed under elementary equivalence with respect to any infinitary language of the form ℒ ∞ λ . We prove that many naturally defined classes are anti-elementary, including the following: the class of all lattices of finitely generated convex ℓ -subgroups of members of any class of ℓ -groups containing all Archimedean ℓ -groups; the class of all semilattices of finitely generated ℓ -ideals of members of any nontrivial quasivariety of ℓ -groups; the class of all Stone duals of spectra of MV-algebras — this yields a negative solution to the MV-spectrum Problem; the class of all semilattices of finitely generated two-sided ideals of rings; the class of all semilattices of finitely generated submodules of modules; the class of all monoids encoding the nonstable K0-theory of von Neumann regular rings, respectively, C*-algebras of real rank zero; (assuming arbitrarily large Erdős cardinals) the class of all coordinatizable sectionally complemented modular lattices with a large 4 -frame. The main underlying principle is that under quite general conditions, for a functor Φ : 𝒜 → ℬ , if there exists a noncommutative diagram D → of 𝒜 , indexed by a common sort of poset called an almost join-semilattice, such that Φ D → I is a commutative diagram for every set I , Φ D → ≇ Φ X → for any commutative diagram X → in 𝒜 , then the range of Φ is anti-elementary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mount Merapi’s eruption has caused damage to the forests in the Mount Merapi National Park (MMNP). Nine years after the eruption, the vertical structure of vegetation can illustrate the progress of succession. This study aimed to analyze the tree composition and stratification in different forest damage levels after the 2010 Merapi eruption. The study was conducted in March 2019 at three stations, namely station A (heavy damage area), station B (moderate damage area), and station C (minor damage area). Vegetation parameters in each station were taken in a 10x100 plot and were processed using a tree profile diagram. Abiotic parameters were measured in each plot and analyzed using the correlation test. The results showed that the three stations were still dominated by the tree in Stratum C, but the tree density and tree height varied in proportion to the damage level. Station A in the heavy damage area has the lowest tree density (23 trees/0.1 ha) with a maximum tree height of 12 meters, in contrast to Station C in the minor damage area with tree density reaching 195 trees/0.1 ha and maximum tree height reaching 30 meters. Nine years after the Mount Merapi big eruption, the MMNP forests in Yogyakarta Province are still classified as young secondary forests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Despite the central role of formulation in psychological therapy, there is limited research on how formulations are constructed in clinical practice. In Cognitive Analytic Therapy (CAT), a formulation diagram (or CAT map) is used in transforming the client's narrative into a psychological understanding of the difficulties. The objective was to build a theoretical model of the processes involved in the early stages of CAT mapping. Design: A qualitative research design using constructivist Grounded Theory Methodology (GTM) incorporating Interpersonal Process Recall (IPR) methods. Methods: CAT therapists participated in a role‐play therapy session with an actor (the 'client') and made an initial attempt at formulation by mapping. A video recording then formed the basis for a semi‐structured therapist interview. Following data analysis, a conceptual model and visual metaphor of the early process of CAT mapping was generated. Results: The Torchlight model conceptualizes the mapping process as a coming together of unique factors brought by client and therapist, alongside the conceptual apparatus of CAT. Each factor brings a unique light to the unfolding process of mapping and intermixes through a dialogical, collaborative process, analogous to coloured lights mixing to form new colours. The model outlines the mapping process itself as an iterative sequence of tasks, achieved through collaboration, within a growing therapeutic relationship. Conclusions: The model offers an empirical underpinning to existing accounts of CAT mapping, and a potential tool for training. Practitioner points: The process by which individual CAT reformulation diagrams are started appears to be as unique to the therapist‐client dyad as the contents of the map, on the basis of the findings.Mapping faithfully enacts the dialogical and developmental theoretical principles underpinning the CAT approach.The Torchlight model is the first empirically based model of the processes taking place in the creation of CAT reformulation diagrams, in the early stages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Colonia Federal neighborhood in Mexico City presents a striking octagonal urban form. Spread out over 83 hectares adjacent to the international airport, it is home to some 12,000 people. This paper examines the origins of the neighborhood in the city's postrevolutionary zeitgeist, and its development over time amid the vicissitudes of legal battles and infrastructure delays. It further considers changes that have transformed the neighborhood over the past two decades, including upzoning, an aging population, and a growing spate of demolitions to replace single-family homes with apartment buildings. Finally, the paper takes a close look at the subtle navigational affect induced by the neighborhood's diagrammatic form. In the end, despite its extraordinary design, Colonia Federal has developed into a surprisingly ordinary neighborhood, one that began with lofty ambitions for the creation of an instantaneous utopia, but grew through the incremental, adaptive, make-do urban process typical of Mexico City. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the p-adic local Langlands correspondence for GL2 (ℚp), the following theorem of Berger and Breuil has played an important role: the locally algebraic representations of GL2(ℚp) associated to crystabelline Galois representations admit a unique unitary completion. In this note, we give a new proof of the weaker statement that the locally algebraic representations admit at most one unitary completion and such a completion is automatically admissible. Our proof is purely representation theoretic, involving neither (ϕ, Γ)-module techniques nor global methods. When F is a finite extension of ℚp, we also get a simpler proof of a theorem of Vignéras for the existence of integral structures for (locally algebraic) special series and for (smooth) tamely ramified principal series. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Skyline queries are important in many application domains. In this paper, we propose a novel structure Skyline Diagram, which given a set of points, partitions the plane into a set of regions, referred to as skyline polyominos. All query points in the same skyline polyomino have the same skyline query results. Similar to $k$ k th-order Voronoi diagram commonly used to facilitate $k$ k nearest neighbor ($k$ k NN) queries, skyline diagram can be used to facilitate skyline queries and many other applications. However, it may be computationally expensive to build the skyline diagram. By exploiting some interesting properties of skyline, we present several efficient algorithms for building the diagram with respect to three kinds of skyline queries, quadrant, global, and dynamic skylines. In addition, we propose an approximate skyline diagram which can significantly reduce the space cost. Experimental results on both real and synthetic datasets show that our algorithms are efficient and scalable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A diagram of the phase composition of the Fe – Si – B system is constructed in the form of elementary triangles of coexisting phases and its mathematical model was created. Its isothermal sections are given in the temperature range of 300 - 2 000 K. The diagram is composed of one-component phases Fe, Si, B, binary compounds Fe3Si, Fe2Si, Fe5Si3, FeSi, FeSi2, FeB, Fe2B, SiB4, SiB6, SiB14, as well as ternary phases Fe5SiB2 and Fe5Si2B. To estimate the sizes of crystallization fields, the areas of elementary triangles were calculated, the probability of existence (prevalence) of each compound in the phase space of the diagram was established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tackling mathematics tasks often involves reading and interpreting different semiotic resources such as natural language (words), mathematical notation, and images. This study aims to enhance knowledge of how meaning relations, in the form of "cohesive ties" between and within different semiotic resources, are related to how difficult it is to read and solve mathematics tasks. Using 133 tasks from PISA mathematics tests and 354 tasks from the annual Swedish National Test in mathematics, statistical analyses found relations between the presence of different types of cohesive ties and measures of how difficult the tasks were to read and solve. The results reveal a difficulty aspect related to the extent to which a task has cohesive ties, of any kind, and that non-mathematics-specific reading demand is not part of this difficulty aspect. An implication is that mathematics teaching should also focus on the identification of cohesive relations in the text of tasks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, I propose a new retail typology to explore emerging shopping space through the lens of assemblage thinking. The recent rise of online retailing has stimulated substantial net‐closures of brick‐and‐mortar shops—what some call the "retail apocalypse". While being widely covered by the news media, the impact of online retailing on shopping space receives little attention in existing research. There is, in particular, a lack of a retail typology that regards online retailing as a form of shopping space. The current four primary typologies of scale, retail offer, control, and morphology are biased towards material shopping centres (agglomeration of shops). In an attempt to tackle this issue, I introduce Deleuzian assemblage theory. Assemblage prioritises interrelation, transformation, and difference, and suggests that both the virtual and actual are real and they can morph into a whole. In light of assemblage, I redefine a retail type as a "diagram" depicting how some shopping spaces work in general while still being geared to the particularity of each instance, and I focus on the "interface" between people and shops. This diagrammatic typology of interface could thus be adapted to emergent and diversified material, digital, and material/digital shopping spaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes outcomes from a project conducted at a small US university where 23 secondary school mathematics teachers participated in the study. Based on sketches created in a dynamic geometry software (DGS) and written responses to an assignment related to developing the trapezoid area formula, we explored how teachers used DGS when visualizing and verifying geometrical conjectures. We found that teachers used a combination of four strategies—eye-balling, measurement, constructions, and written statements—in their DGS sketches. Some teachers used DGS as paint software and their DGS files did not pass the dragging test. Teachers' misconceptions became obvious while they were visualizing conjectures in the software, which were mediated by the skill for use of technology. Also, some used shortcuts that disagreed with conjectures and distorted their solutions, thus employing practices that could be damaging in teaching situations. These results and the methodological approach used in this study will be of interest to mathematics teacher educators, facilitators of professional development programs, and mathematics teachers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The process of obtaining sodium carboxymethyl cellulose from cotton cellulose is discussed. Conceptual and processing-equipment diagrams are presented. The technological process and used equipment are described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores Peirce's concept of analogy. I begin by arguing that he understands it along two main lines: (1) as a natural cognitive operation that discerns the resemblance of structural relations, pivotally signified by the diagram sign-class, and (2) as a "mixed" form of argument employing abduction, deduction, and induction. After exploring these two aspects, along with their interpenetration, I compare Peirce's account of analogous reasoning with the highly influential view of the late-Medieval scholastic Thomas Cajetan. I argue that Peirce presents a superior approach because his diagrammatic logic renders a view that is methodologically open to further inquiry, explains that openness in terms of inference through sampling, and capaciously accepts a variety of potential determinations for any one analogy due to the objective vagueness of signs. Cajetan's appeal to the irreducible proportionality of analogous thinking, on the other hand, excludes further explanation of analogy's workings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diagrams make wonderful templates for technical action. It follows that for scholars of science and technology they are both an object and a tool of study. The author explores this relationship in the first part of the article, focusing on one particularly effective format for communicating or retrieving complicated technological sequences: the chaîne opératoire, or procedural sequence. Today we usually think of a diagram as a graphic, but diagrammatic thinking is also frequently expressed in other forms, including text or hybrids of graphics and text. To illustrate this, the author compares the formulation and use of chaînes opératoires in two canonical Chinese agricultural treatises. The Qimin yaoshu (Essential Techniques for the Common People) by Jia Sixie, completed ca. 540 CE, was composed before printing was available and makes no use of graphics. The Nongshu (Agricultural Treatise) of 1313, authored by Wang Zhen, was published using woodblock print, a medium that facilitated Wang's copious use of graphics. The comparison between these classic treatises invites reflection on how the material techniques of inscription available to an author might influence their diagrammatic thinking. But the chaîne opératoire is good to think with at a more general level too. For historians, the matches or discrepancies between the chaîne opératoire they might draw up to map a technical operation, and the versions that they find in historical sources, suggest ways to think both about technology as a total social fact, and about differences between cultures of communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This introduction to a special section on parliaments identifies a tendency in STS to look for politics either inside or outside mainstream democratic institutions. Summarizing the insights of the contributions to the special section, the introduction argues that – in light of current challenges to dominant modes of doing politics across the globe – the task for STS scholars is neither to renew faith in what is happening in various legislatures, nor to look for alternatives elsewhere. Rather it is to carefully explore how their multiple insides and outsides are being connected, and what possibilities those connections offer as we continue to navigate spaces defined by the panopticon and the parliament as the twin diagrams of modernity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. The use of defoliants, which contain nutrient and physiologically active substances, accelerates the transfer of nutrients to the stems of plants, and also leads to early ripening and increased yield. This paves the way for sowing grain, timely autumn and winter events, as well as high productivity. Purpose. Studying the solubility of sodium chlorate monocarbamide, an aqueous solution of citric acid 1,3-diamonoethanolammonium salt and the physicochemical substantiation of the process for obtaining the defoliant. Methodology. Chlorate ions were determined by volume permanganometric, sodium by flame photometry, Kjeldahl nitrogen, carbon and hydrogen by the Dumas micrometric, carbamide by amide nitrogen by spectrophotocalorimetric method in FEK-56M. The viscosity of the solutions was determined using a HPL viscometer, pH solutions in FE 20 METTLER TOLEDO pH meters and a refractive index in a PALBX / RIATOGO refractometer. Originality. The solubility of systems based on water, sodium monocarbamidochlorate, 1,3 - diamonoethanolammonium citric acid was studied, and solubility diagrams and "composition-properties" were constructed on their basis. Findings. Using two component systems and internal sections, a diagram of the polythermal solubility of NaClO3 ∙ CO (NH2)2 - C10N2H22O9 - H2O systems was constructed in the temperature ranges from - 43,80 °C to 37,20 °C. In the diagram of polythermal solubility, the fields of crystallization of ice, urea, sodium monocarbamidochlorate, monosodium salt of 1,3 - diammonoethanolammonium citric acid and 1,3 - diamonoethanolammonium citric acid are distinguished. The solution crystallization temperature, viscosity, density, and pH were studied depending on the ratio of components in the system [60% NaClO3 ∙ CO (NH2)2 + 40% H2O] - C10N2H22O9. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. The study of complex water-salt systems is one of the urgent tasks of inorganic chemistry. It is necessary to establish regularities in the state of phase equilibria and their solubility, which determine the optimal conditions for the processing of polymineral natural and complex technical raw materials. Purpose. Determination of possible phase equilibrium in the five-component system Na,Ca//SO4,CO3,НCO3-H2O, at 75 °С, construction of its closed phase diagram by translation and fragmentation of the constructed diagram by divariant fields. Methodology. The phase equilibrium in the Na,Ca//SO4,CO3,HCO3-H2O system at 750 °C were studied by the translation method, which follows from the principle of compatibility of structural elements of n and n+1 component systems in one diagram. Originality. The possible phase equilibrium in the five-component system Na,Ca//SO4,CO3,НCO3-H2O at 75 ° С were determined by translation, followed by the construction of its closed phase diagram (phase complex) and the construction of the diagram is fragmented by the crystallization regions of individual equilibrium solid phases. Findings. The method of translation is used to predict phase equilibrium on geometric images of the five-component system Na,Ca||SO4,CO3,HCO3-H2O at 75 °C and its phase complex diagram at a given temperature was first constructed. The constructed phase complex of the studied system is fragmented by divariant fields. It was established that the system under study at 75 ° C is characterized by the presence of 12 invariant points, 30 monovariant curves, and 27 divariant fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a qualitative research method, Visual Network Analysis (VNA), which is theoretically situated within the relational turn, and more particularly within sociomaterial and sociotopological approaches. Both approaches consider both human and nonhuman entities in social practices, and adopt a relational perspective in order to study these practices. VNA provides innovative tools for qualitatively analyzing social situations by constructing, analyzing and interpreting visual networks based on tailored observatory and/or interview techniques. To that effect, VNA adopts the notion 'network' as a method (rather than as a structural representation of social life) that allows to trace the complex entanglements by means of which specific practices are constituted. The article presents the process of conducting VNA by focusing on four key steps: collecting and coding relational data; visualizing network diagrams through software; analyzing the form of these diagrams; and interpreting the resulting visualizations by offering narrative readings of these forms (focused on the effects they generate). The article concludes with some reflections on the assets and potential of the method proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In V. O. Manturov, On free knots, preprint (2009), arXiv:math.GT/0901.2214], the second named author constructed the bracket invariant [ ⋅ ] of virtual knots valued in pictures (linear combinations of virtual knot diagrams with some crossing information omitted), such that for many diagrams K , the following formula holds: [ K ] = K ̃ , where K ̃ is the underlying graph of the diagram, i.e. the value of the invariant on a diagram equals the diagram itself with some crossing information omitted. This phenomenon allows one to reduce many questions about virtual knots to questions about their diagrams. In [S. Nelson, M. E. Orrison and V. Rivera, Quantum enhancements and biquandle brackets, preprint (2015), arXiv:math.GT/1508.06573], the authors discovered the following phenomenon: having a biquandle coloring of a certain knot, one can enhance various state-sum invariants (say, Kauffman bracket) by using various coefficients depending on colors. Taking into account that the parity can be treated in terms of biquandles, we bring together the two ideas from these papers and construct the picture-valued parity-biquandle bracket for classical and virtual knots. This is an invariant of virtual knots valued in pictures. Both the parity bracket and Nelson–Orrison–Rivera invariants are partial cases of this invariant, hence this invariant enjoys many properties of various kinds. Recently, the authors together with E. Horvat and S. Kim have found that the picture-valued phenomenon works in the classical case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This Project was born because of the needing of a software that simplifies the administration of a parking establishment, in a way that many of the characteristics of this establishments could be set from a software tool. In this project, a desktop app was designed and developed, that works on some Windows versions (7, 8, 8.1, 10), and allows the administration, setting up, and execution of the tasks performed in a parking establishment, with extended characteristics like inventory lending (helmets, etc.) and the creation of parking sites. The prototype has been developed in the Windows platform to take advantage of the basic infrastructure of a parking in Pereira city. The software conception includes activities like client management, employees, complaints, vehicles, monthly installments, incomes, expenses, binnacle, audit, inventory, lending, and billing. In order to develop the prototype, a client/server architecture was used, in order to have the different PCs connected to the same database, sharing between them every management. The IDE WINDEV was used, and the language WLANGUAGE was used for development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigated the use of interactive qualitative analysis (IQA), as a research methodology, to develop an understanding of students' experiences of learning statistics in a threshold concepts-enriched tutorial programme. Interactive qualitative analysis methodology offered a systematic, rigorous and accountable approach to conducting qualitative research. The participants constructed their own meaning of reality from their experiences of interacting with the phenomenon in context and, in its refutation of traditional qualitative norms of enquiry that casts the role of the researcher as the expert, IQA stands out – entrusting participants with data generation, analysis and interpretation. Participants' reflections of their experiences of the phenomenon under study are classified according to variously identified emergent themes called 'affinities'. Relationships between these affinities are extricated and characterised in a visual representation of the phenomenon called a systems influence diagram. Thus, the researcher's role was purely facilitative, greatly limiting the potential for skewed power relations and bias which is often hazardous in qualitative research. The paramount value of this article was that it offered a practical methodological approach to using IQA in qualitative statistics education research, in particular, and mathematical sciences education research, in general. A summarised account of the main findings of the broader study was also presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The idea of the diagram as a 'working object' is used to discuss the biologist C. H. Waddington's epigenetic landscape (EL) diagrams. This article investigates the diagrams' history and discusses their usages in relation to Stengers's idea of the 'nomadic concept'. What is it about these diagrams that have made them a tool for transdisciplinary research? The article argues that it is useful to distinguish between the diagram and the illustration, and that it is in part because the EL diagrams retain an illustrative graphic character that they have been apt for imaginative adaptation and reuse. The diagram in this case becomes an 'ontological go-between' that is thereby able to function in different contexts, such as sociology and anthropology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the original uses of the word 'interior' was to describe that which belongs to or exists in the mind or soul, that is, the mental or spiritual, as opposed to that which is bodily. The etymology of the term gives a clue as to how interior space functions in a manner that is different from the architecture that contains it. This article explores the analogy of architecture as body and the interior as mind through the act of drawing out Sigmund Freud's study and consulting room, with reference to Freud's diagrams of the mind. Working with diagrams, the article will demonstrate a relation between Freud's conceptual shift from descriptive anatomy to hypothetical structures of psychoanalysis and the diagrammatic ordering of the spatial arrangement of his practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This special issue moves beyond an understanding of diagrams as mere inscriptions of objects and processes, proposing instead to re-evaluate diagrammatic reasoning as the work that is carried out with, on, and beyond diagrams. The introduction presents this issue's focus on 'working with diagrams' in a way that goes beyond semiotic, cognitive, epistemic, or symbolic readings of diagrams. It discusses recent research on diagrams and diagrammatic reasoning across disciplines and approaches diagrams as suspended between imagination and perception--as objects with which work is done and as objects that do work. Contributions to this issue probe diagrams for the work they do in the development of disciplinary theories, investigate their reworking of questions of time and scale, and ask how some diagrams work across fields and disciplines. Other authors shift the perspective to their own work with diagrams, reflecting on the practice and performative nature of diagrammatic reasoning in their respective fields and disciplines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We formulate the concept of minimal fibration in the context of fibrations in the model category S C of C -diagrams of simplicial sets, for a small index category C . When C is an EI-category satisfying some mild finiteness restrictions, we show that every fibration of C -diagrams admits a well-behaved minimal model. As a consequence, we establish a classification theorem for fibrations in S C over a constant diagram, generalizing the classification theorem of Barratt, Gugenheim, and Moore for simplicial fibrations (Barratt et al. in Am J Math 81:639–657, 1959). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: When producing high-quality raw cotton, a major role is played by a modern lossless cotton harvest. This is due to the use of effective defoliants to remove cotton leaves. In order to obtain a high cotton crop, along with carrying out agrotechnical measures, it is necessary to protect plants from all kinds of pests and diseases, as well as to conduct high-quality defoliation. Defoliation - this artificial pre-harvest removal of plant leaves. After it is carried out by chemical substances - defoliants, nutrients are mixed from the vegetative organs into generative ones - fruits and seeds. Purpose. The physical chemical substantiation of the process of obtaining a new defoliant, which has both physiological and insecticidal activity based on sodium dicarbamidochlorate, monoethanolammonium acetate, ethanol and acetamipride. Methodology. The determination of chlorate - ion was carried out by volumetric permanganometric, sodium - by flame photometric methods. The viscosity of the solutions was measured using a HPV viscometer, and the pH of the solutions was determined using a pH meterFE20 METTLERTOLEDO. Originality. Polythermal and "composition-properties" diagrams have been created based on the study of solubility in a system involving water, sodium dicarbamidochlorate, monoethanolammonium acetate, ethanol and acetamipride. Findings. Justification of technological processes for the production of a defoliant with defoliation, physiological and insecticidal activity based on sodium dicarbamidochlorate, monoethanolammonium acetate, ethanol and acetamipride. We studied the physicochemical properties of solutions of systems [70% (99.65% NaClO3∙2CO(NH2)2 + 0.35% NH2C2H4OH·CH3COOH) + 30% H2O] - [90% C2H5OH + 10% C10H11C1N4] depending on the ratio of the components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While symbolic colour use has always played a conspicuous role in science research and education, the use of colour in historic diagrams remains a lacuna in the history of science. Investigating the colour use in diagrams often means uncovering a whole cosmology that is not otherwise explicit in the diagram itself. The periodic table is a salient and iconic example of non‐mimetic colour use in science. Andreas von Antropoff's (1924) rectangular table of recurrent rainbow colours is famous, as are Alcindo Flores Cabral's (1949) application of colour in his round snail form, using the RGB scheme, and Mazurs's (1967) pine tree system, consisting of warm and cold colours that he attributed to specific groups of elements—an attribution that we can relate back to humoralism and alchemy. From the first periodic tables in the 19th century, individual researchers have used different colour regimes. While standardization may play an obvious role in chemistry and its diagrams, all the more impressive is the anarchistic use of colour in the various diagrams which continue to be created. This article focuses on periodic tables in chemical journals and text books, and explores and compares the development of colour codes found in the few existing polychrome diagrams from the 1920s to the 1970s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]