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Research objectives were to 1) investigate the current state and best practice of the instruction relying on flipped learning; 2) develop the instructional model based on flipped using technology-based learning to enhance the digital literacy for undergraduate students of Rajabhat University and 3) examine the effects of the model. The sample for fulfilling the 1st objective contained 119 instructors teaching educational technology or related fields within the faculty, 397 students, and 10 experts. Data were collected through 60 first-year students and three types of research tools: the developed model, a test of digital literacy, and a satisfaction questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, that is, arithmetic mean, standard deviation, and t-test were employed in data analysis. The research findings were as follows: 1) The current state of the instruction resulted from the instructors was found to be at an overall lower level (M = 2.43, SD = 0.63) as well as of the students (M = 2.46, SD = 0.65). The participants reflected that the best practice of the instruction included the flipped learning model and learning processes using technologies. 2) The developed model consisted of principle; objectives; learning processes; media, technologies and learning sources; and evaluation. Flipped learning included online and on-site approaches. Learning processes included 6 stages: making knowing learning process; studying from technologies and online learning sources; reflecting and questioning memos; exchanging knowledge; producing tasks; and evaluating. 3) The results of using the developed model showed that 3.1) digital literacy of the students after learning was found to be significantly higher than that of before the study at 0.05; 2) digital literacy of the students in the experiment group was found to be significantly higher than that of the control group at 0.05; and 3) students' satisfaction was found to be positively highest level (M = 4.81, SD = 0.22).

In this study, a scale was created to measure the gamification ability levels of teachers. The rating system is a 5-point Likert scale. The scale has 36 items and 4 variables. The research's study group is made up of 526 instructors who are employed during the academic year 2022-2023 in kindergarten, primary schools, secondary schools, and high schools connected to the Ministry of National Education. By looking at the levels of exploratory and confirmatory component analysis, item discrimination levels, and meeting the goal, the validity of the scale was examined. Stability analyses and internal consistency coefficients were used to examine the scale's reliability. The investigation concluded that the scale is a viable and trustworthy measurement tool that may be used to assess teachers' degrees of self-efficacy with regard to gamification.

Technology has become increasingly prevalent in the field of education. Alongside the growing presence of technology in educational environments, the importance of learning with multimedia tools has also increased. It is believed that individuals need to be aware of how to learn most effectively in these environments for effective learning to take place. This research aims to develop a valid and reliable scale to reveal university students' metacognitive awareness of learning processes with multimedia. To achieve this goal, the study was conducted in two phases. Firstly, a pool of items was created by reviewing the literature, and 407 data were obtained to explore this pool of items. Subsequently, to confirm the structure of the revealed 6-factor scale, 318 data were collected from a second study group. The confirmed scale consists of a total of 41 items under six factors, explaining 54% of the total variance. The reliability coefficients for internal consistency of the scale as a whole were calculated as [omega] = 0.90 and [alpha] = 0.85. The results of the study indicate that the developed scale is a valid, reliable, and effective tool for measuring university students' metacognitive awareness of learning with multimedia.

This paper describes an innovative approach to teaching about family development over the life course through an application project and assesses its effectiveness in student learning. The integration of genograms and expanded family development theory (FDT) into one project aims to provide an engaging and useful structure for the assignment and promote the inclusion of diverse families. In this assignment, students (1) create their family genogram and (2) write an accompanying paper to identify and apply the FDT stages and developmental tasks to each generation of their family. Assessment results demonstrate that this project provided students with a practical opportunity to apply theoretical course content to diverse, real-life families and helped to recognize family trends across generations. Students appreciated the hands-on learning experience and opportunity for self-reflection, which promoted engagement with course materials. Incorporating genograms and the expanding family life cycle helps to overcome the limitations of the original FDT by being inclusive of all families, thus contributing to more effective preparation of competent professionals.

With the exponential development and vast interest in artificial intelligence (AI), the global economic impact of AI is expected to reach $15.7 trillion by 2030. While AI has infiltrated everyday life, a lack of knowledge of what AI is and how AI works is ubiquitous across all ages and professions. Teaching AI literacy to non-technical individuals has become imperative and requires immediate attention, however, assessing AI literacy has heavily relied on subjective measurements such as qualitative assessment and self-reported surveys, which may lead to biased results. This study contributes to the field by developing and validating an assessment created based on a well-established AI literacy framework. A total of 196 responses were collected from pre-and in-service teachers in the United States, and 186 responses were included in the analysis to validate the assessment. The final assessment comprises 25 objective-based items reduced from an originally 31-item assessment. Both experts' insights were sought, and statistical methodology was employed to ensure the validity of the assessment. The results indicate that pre-and in-service teachers have a moderate level of AI literacy and in-service teachers performed slightly better than pre-service teachers on our assessment. Inconsistent answers across various AI concepts indicate that teachers may possess an even more ambiguous understanding of certain AI concepts.

In the current study, we focused on measuring the development of important professional attitudes, such as "compassion satisfaction" and "burnout." Students from four different colleges worked in teams to conceptualize innovative engineering products. During the ideation phase of their project, participants completed a Professional Quality of Life survey to assess metrics related to "compassion satisfaction" and "burnout." On average, the combined "compassion satisfaction" score was high for both medical students (42/50) and non-medical students (43/50). In terms of "burnout," 77% of medical students and 81% of non-medical students reported low "burnout"; the average "burnout" score for medical students was 19/50, and for non-medical students 17/50. Only one statement produced a statistically significant difference between groups. For the statement, "I am a caring person," only 31% of medical students self-described as being a very caring person 'very often' as opposed to 62% of non-medical students. Through this innovative curriculum project, faculty were able to measure the level of student "compassion satisfaction," and "burnout" for the students involved. Surrounded by the rationality of science, students learned to communicate and contribute to projects that supported a positive sense of contribution and effort, and a low perception of "burnout."

This research paper aimed to develop a training curriculum to enhance the competency of music teachers in Buriram Province who graduated from Rajabhat University and became professional teachers in active learning management. The study involved 50 music teachers who participated in workshops and academic exchange forums. The training curriculum consisted of eight components, including the development of active learning unit plans and lesson plans. The research instruments used were the training curriculum, the active learning unit plan assessment form, and the active learning lesson plan assessment form. The use of the curriculum resulted in positive outcomes, with most of the active learning unit plans receiving high assessment scores, and the academic exchange forums effectively showcased best practices. This study provides insights into the development of a training curriculum aimed at enhancing the competencies of music teachers in active learning management, which can be adapted to other teaching fields.

Studies found that the mastery of Level-4 Science Process Skills (L4SPS) among secondary school students is still relatively weak. Thus, the purpose of this research was to determine the effects of 5E Inquiry-based Learning and Group Investigation (I5E-GI) model on the five constructs of L4SPS, namely Identifying Manipulated, Responding, and Constant Variables, Forming Hypotheses, Making Observations, Making Inferences, and Defining Operationally. A teaching and learning (TL) module was developed to guide teachers in implementing the I5E-GI method for the five L4SPS constructs. The L4SPS Test Instrument was constructed to measure the level of L4SPS mastery at the end of intervention. The quasi-experimental research design was conducted on 180 Form Four students taking Core Science subjects. A total of three groups were assigned, namely i) 5E Inquiry-based Learning and Group Investigation method (I5E-GI, n = 60), ii) 5E Inquiry-based Learning method (5E, n= 60), and iii) Traditional Learning (TR, n = 60) in an urban secondary school in Sarawak, Malaysia. Data were analyzed using the inferential statistical tests of MANOVA, MANCOVA, ANCOVA, and effect size. The results showed that there was a statistically significant effect across the three groups of TL methods. There is a statistically significant effect of the I5E-GI method compared to the 5E and TR methods on the five L4SPS constructs. As for the effect size, the I5E-GI method provides a more significant effect size than the 5E and TR learning methods. Overall, the findings prove that the I5E-GI method has positive implications for the mastery of L4SPS among Form Four students.

There has been a call to amplify the scholarship of teaching and learning (SoTL) and expand its reach by engaging with audiences outside the academy. In this paper, we share our journey in crossing disciplinary boundaries and creating a SoTL-informed infographic for public consumption. As the field of SoTL continues to evolve, infographics hold tremendous potential to communicate SoTL to various stakeholders, including educators, students, administrators, policymakers, and the public. We outline best practices in infographic development and the potential of infographics as a tool for taking SoTL public, emphasizing their visual appeal and effectiveness in conveying complex information. We conclude by discussing the implications of using infographics to advance SoTL communication. The efforts of our group serve as a valuable example of how infographics can be used to bring SoTL knowledge out of academia and into the public domain.

Chuanjiang Haozi, a distinctive form of folk music originating from the Yangtze River Basin in Chongqing, China, serves as a unique cultural treasure, blending utility with artistic expression. This study aims to investigate the preservation and promotion of literacy through performing arts education in Chuanjiang Haozi in Chongqing Province, China. Through a comprehensive research approach, including interviews with key informants who are inheritors of this art form, this study delves into the preservation and promotion strategies for Chuanjiang Haozi. The research site encompasses the Chuanjiang River system, spanning Chongqing and Sichuan, where this art form has deep historical roots. The two key informants were interviewed to gather essential information for this study, including prominent inheritors of Chuanjiang Haozi, providing valuable insights into its cultural significance and preservation challenges. The data analysis process involves transcription, coding, categorization, and theme identification, enabling a comprehensive understanding of the research topic. The research results advocate for a multifaceted approach, including the establishment of digital museums, festival tourism, legal support, and funding for inheritors, to ensure the continued preservation and promotion of Chuanjiang Haozi. These strategies aim to integrate tradition with modernity, safeguarding this intangible cultural heritage for future generations.

Urbanization, vocational education, and industry in China have been influenced by policy and economic changes. This article outlines potential solutions for the integrated development of urbanization, vocational education, and industry in China. By integrating the development ideas of the triple helix model based on international related research literature, this article proposes a development model for China's industry-education city integration. Taking the Liuzhou rail transit industry-education city as an example, this article adopts a comprehensive and sustainable development approach, including urban management, industry-education integration, and industry innovation and entrepreneurship, centered around the characteristics of urbanization, vocational education, and industry. The development of China's industry-education city through the triple helix model has brought about innovations in education, industry, urban form, policy, technology, and social culture, which can help China's urbanization, vocational education, and industry achieve spiral development.

Intercultural Communicative Competence (ICC) plays a significant role in learning a foreign language. Therefore, it is important to measure the ICC level of language learners before taking actions to improve the educational process. The present study aimed at developing an ICC Scale to measure the perceived ICC level of Academic English students studying in the Foreign Language Division of an international university. The participants of the study consisted of 325 first year students in their second semester in the 2021 to 2022 academic year enrolled in 48 English-medium instructed (EMI) departments. In order to produce a reliable and valid ICC Scale, statistical data were analyzed through software programs. Further, the Exploratory Factor Analysis generated an 18-item Intercultural Communicative Competence (ICC) Scale with four factors, namely "knowledge," "awareness," "attitude," and "skills." Additionally, the Confirmatory Factor Analysis results confirmed and validated the four factors. Consequently, the ICC Scale was found to be highly reliable in measuring the perceived ICC level of students and had a high internal consistency. The newly designed ICC Scale proves to be a useful instrument for measuring the perceived ICC level of language learners.

As artificial intelligence (AI) permeates almost all aspects of our lives, university students need to acquire relevant knowledge, skills, and attitudes to adapt to the challenges it poses. This study reports the development and validation of a scale called the Artificial Intelligence Learning Intention Scale (AILIS). AILIS was designed to measure the different factors that shape university students' behavioral intentions to learn about AI and their AI learning. We recruited 907 Chinese university students who answered the survey. The scale is comprised of 9 factors that are categorized into various dimensions pertaining to epistemic capacity (AI basic knowledge, programming efficacy, designing AI for social good), facilitating environments (actual use of AI systems, subjective norms, access to support and technology), psychological attitudes (resilience, optimism, personal relevance), and focal outcomes (behavioral intention to learn AI, actual learning of AI). Reliability analyses and confirmatory factor analyses indicated that the scale has acceptable reliability and construct validity. Structural equational modeling results demonstrated the critical role played by epistemic capacity, facilitating environments, and psychological attitudes in promoting students' behavioral intentions and actual learning of AI. Overall, the findings revealed that university students express a strong intention to learn about AI, and this behavioral intention is positively associated with actual learning. The study contextualizes the theory of planned behavior for university AI education, provides guidelines on the design of AI curriculum courses, and proposes a possible tool to evaluate university AI curriculum.

Postgraduate students need to be equipped with self-determined learning skills in order to meet the demands of higher degree and employment in the fourth industrial revolution (IR 4.0) environment. However, the lack of analysis conducted on item level for validating the measurement of postgraduate students' self-determined learning skills prompted the development of The Postgraduate Self-determined Learning Questionnaire (PSLQ) to fill in the research gaps. This paper aimed to assess the psychometric properties of the newly developed 42-item instrument through a mixed method approach as no study has evaluated the psychometric properties of PSLQ at the item level through Rasch model analysis. Quantitatively, 440 postgraduate students were sampled from a higher education institution in Malaysia to answer the questionnaire. Qualitatively, 10 respondents from science and non-science disciplines were interviewed. The paper reports findings on the psychometric properties of PSLQ through Rasch Rating Analysis and participants' perspectives on the item validity. The results revealed that the items in PSLQ demonstrated good psychometric properties for the measurement of self-determined learning skills of postgraduate students. Implications of the study were discussed in this paper. Future studies can further investigate the psychometric properties of PSLQ according to students' discipline of study.

This research article aims to (1) determine the knowledge and experience of early childhood education of Suan Dusit University, and (2) develop and study the effectiveness of learning experience provision models that synergize the knowledge of Suan Dusit University to enhance the proper development of young children according to the 75/75 criteria. Data is obtained from personnel of 87 various agencies of Suan Dusit University, e.g., deans, directors, managers, chairpersons of programs, heads of departments, and 129 students in kindergarten 1, 2, and 3 of La-orutis Demonstration School, Suan Dusit University. The research results consisted of 15 learning experience provision models for young children, such as gravity-powered toys, battery-powered toys, the differences between a toy using force and a toy using a battery, toy caring, and how to play with toys, etc. Every learning experience provision models has a performance rating according to the 75/75 criteria.

This study aims to (1) comprehensively describe the design of web-based sexual violence information systems (SIM) in universities, (2) Describe sexual violence efforts in (3) Explore and explain the role of web-based Management Information Systems (SIM) in efforts to prevent sexual violence in Higher Education. This research was designed with the type of Research and Development research. This type is directed to show facts or events systematically and accurately regarding certain conditions as the focus of the study. The data collection method is carried out in three ways, including: (1) observation, (2) interview, (3) questionnaire, (4) documentation. All four are carried out in a planned manner to obtain complete and relevant data. The collected data are then analyzed using induction techniques, namely by drawing conclusions ranging from specific statements or facts to conclusions of a general nature. Research reports are presented in the form of detailed descriptive descriptions, equipped with product prototypes, images and tables as the scope of discussion. The findings of this study show that (1) the sexual violence management information system in higher education is a form of service that manages data into information with the support of website facilities as a medium of interaction, (2) efforts to prevent sexual violence in universities include task force making activities, training and workshops on sexual violence assistance, and (3) the role of web-based management information systems in preventing sexual violence in universities as a form of university commitment to make decisions / policies in developing educational institutions, and also helping service users (stakeholders) to channel their aspire for the development of institutions.

Teaching is a complex activity that requires a combination of different knowledges, attitudes, skills and values. Teachers are continuously making decisions in the classroom to promote the teaching-learning process. This paper presents the development of a prototype that aims to facilitate teachers' decision making in the classroom in real time, considering variables related to the students, the teacher, and the environment or environmental factors in the classroom. We used the DBR (Design Based Research) methodology for this project. We reached the first iteration when the second version of the prototype was presented. An analysis of the literature was carried out as a starting point and to establish the foundations for the first version of the prototype. A later expert judgment allowed the prototype to evolve to the second version. This is the starting point for the technological development of the designed solution. This research is a first step towards using technology to improve teacher decision making in the classroom, and has great potential benefits for both the teacher, for improving their skills, and the student, so they can have a better and more customized learning experience.

The relevance of our study is related to the need to help adolescents effectively cope with the challenges of modern society, which is characterised by increased tension, aggressiveness and conflict. The lack of social skills and demonstration of violent ways of overcoming contradictions by adults leads to an increase in conflicts among adolescents. The purpose of our study is the development of conflictological culture in older adolescents. We adhere to Shcherbakova's definition (2010), according to which conflictological culture is an integrative quality of personality, which is based on humanistic values. Its structure is represented by the culture of feelings and thinking as well as behavioural and communicative culture. The sample consisted of 307 adolescents, 16-18 years old, living in Chisinau. To identify the level of development of conflict culture, we used the method developed by Shcherbakova (2011). Based on the obtained data, we developed the program of conflictological culture development. The cognitive-behavioural approach of A. Beck (2017) acts as a methodological basis of the psychological training program. Twelve adolescents, with a low level of conflictological culture development, participated in the training. The following changes were obtained in the study sample: adolescents demonstrate a greater ability to prevent and manage conflicts at all stages; they show a greater readiness for dialogue, the ability to adequately verbalize their own and other people's experiences; and to a greater extent they possess the techniques of assertive communication compared to adolescents from the control group. The obtained results confirm the effectiveness of the program developed by us and the validity of the hypothesis of the study. The novelty and practical significance of our study is determined by the fact that conflictological culture is studied for the first time in our country. Our proposed program for the development of conflictological culture can serve as a basis for educational programs that develop skills to prevent and overcome conflict situations among adolescents.

The rapid advancement of digital technology has not only affected the world of work but also students' learning. Digital learning competence (DLC) is one of the essential skills students need for effective learning in a digital environment. Despite the significant presence of secondary vocational school students in China, constituting one-third of the high school demographic, research on their digital learning needs remains sparse. Addressing this gap, this paper attempted to propose the elements and structural model of digital learning competence for secondary vocational school students (V-DLC). A corresponding questionnaire was compiled, and an analysis was carried out with 872 valid survey data of secondary vocational school students achieved by convenient sampling. A five-factor model for the V-DLC was established through exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, cross-validity, and criterion validity tests. This paper suggests that evaluating students' digital learning competence in secondary vocational schools can be achieved by considering the dimensions of cognitive processing and reading, technology use, thinking skills, activity management, and will management, combined with students' learning experiences in school and other fields. Given the global focus on digital learning competence, this framework will pave the way for empirical research on digital learning and guide the enhancement of student learning ability in vocational settings, adapting to the digital era. Furthermore, transitioning to a digitalized vocational education system is essential for preparing students for a digitally-driven workforce, aligning with modern job market demands and global trends.

Increasing student numbers, heterogeneity and individual biographies lead to a growing need for personalized support. To meet these challenges, an Individual Digital Study Assistant (IDSA) provides features to help students improve their self-regulation and organizational skills to achieve individual study goals. Based on qualitative expert interviews, a quantitative student survey, and current literature we derived requirements for an IDSA. Based on them, we designed, developed, and implemented a first IDSA prototype for higher education institutions (HEI). We continuously evaluated the prototype within different workshops and analyzed the usage data to improve it further in three enhanced prototypes. Based on this iterative process, we derived guidelines for an IDSA design and development. Accordingly, the framework, project management, content, team selection, team development, team communication, marketing, and student habits are important to consider. The guidelines advance the knowledge base of IDSA in HEI and guide and support practitioners in the design, development, and implementation of IDSA in HEI.

The aim of this study is to empirically investigate the reasons for regional disparities in educational expansion in Germany (i.e., rising rates of general university entrance qualification) on the basis of theoretically relevant influencing factors: changes in school policies, changes in social structure, or general social modernization processes. We pay special attention to the legal framework of schools, which has changed at different times in the German states. Our analysis is based on data from the National Educational Panel Study and on a database on the development of schooling regulations in the German states after World War II. For the analysis, we use two-way crossed random-effects models. Our analyses show that the modernization of school structures is only associated with increasing individual opportunities to access higher school education. However, this association disappears when controlling for social structure and cohort sequence. Rather, the educational expansion of the recent decades is characterized by a changed social structure and, in small parts, by general social modernization processes. In light of our findings, we argue that educational policy adapts school structures to societal changes, opens up new opportunities, yet at the same time reproduces and exacerbates educational inequality.

Teacher professional development aims to bolster effective instructional practices that enhance student learning. The development of the Sustained Investment and Teacher Engagement Scale for Professional Development (SITES-PD) grew out of a need to understand how teachers respond to opportunities for professional learning in ways that contribute to skill improvement. One hundred and eight elementary teachers participated in a sustained professional development coaching intervention. Prior to and following the intervention, data were collected from multiple sources (e.g., teacher report, blind classroom observations). For the development of this instrument, coaches rated teacher engagement with opportunities for professional learning. Exploratory factor analysis reveals a one factor solution and that a summed composite of eight items is appropriate. Reliability and validity results suggest the SITES-PD instrument may be a useful tool for investigating the underlying mechanisms that mediate the efficacy of teacher professional development interventions.

Developing a virtual learning environment model to fortify life skills for teenagers in Thailand entails an application between information technology and communication for managing an instruction in life skills and expanding the opportunities of Thai teenagers to have access to the skills contents. The objectives of research were to develop the virtual learning environment model to fortify life skills for teenagers in Thailand. There were 4 sample groups: 176 specialists in life skills; 45 teenagers at the age of 12-18 years; 5 experts in related fields; and 9 specialists in related fields. There were 4 components of the model of virtual learning environment to fortify life skills for Thai teenagers: input, processes, output, and feedback. The model of virtual learning environment to fortify life skills for Thai teenagers gained the process and outcome was 89.66/90.90. The result indicated that the score of process of model was 89.66% and the score of product of model was 90.90%, and the efficiency index of 0.8063. The satisfaction towards virtual learning environment is fluctuating but tend to be useful for learners. This virtual learning environment model can use and employ for implementing in education.

The need to assess the possibilities and prospects of IT in medical education has determined the relevance of the study, the purpose of which was to consider the experience of introducing information technologies into the educational process of medical universities. A total of 322 students and 169 teachers took part in an anonymous online survey. The research design involved two major research units, namely the theoretical and experimental ones, which consisted of several successive stages. The psychological consequences of introducing information technologies into the educational process were studied using valid psychodiagnostic methods. As a result of the study it was found that possible obstacles to the expansion of the use of IT to teach medical students clinical disciplines are inadequate technological infrastructure, lack of adequate curricula, and students' lack of independent work and self-discipline skills. The distance learning experience was generally assessed as positive with an average level of satisfaction. The main positive aspects of introducing information technology and distance learning in medical education are timesaving and flexibility of classes. The limitations of the study were related to the problem of conducting the study in a pandemic environment, so it was conducted online.

This article begins with Geoffrey Clarfield describing how by becoming an anthropologist, going to graduate school, shipping out to Kenya in the mid-1980s, and doing field work among a Cushitic speaking group of camel nomads in the desert lands of northern Kenya, he was able to achieve his goal of both experiencing and understanding the difference between preindustrial and industrial societies, socially, cultural, and psychologically. He goes on to explain that because he was studying an East African Cushitic speaking people he had read articles by a British anthropologist, Christopher Hallpike, who had done field work among the Konso, a Cushitic people who live north of the Rendille in southern Ethiopia. Hallpike later wrote a book called "The Foundations of Primitive Thought" (1979) which Clarfield describes as an enlightening and glorious read for those who have swum in the anthropological literature for decades. It is a work that has not only been ignored by mainstream anthropology but vilified because of its political incorrectness. Hallpike is now retired and living in England (where he was born, raised, and educated). He has managed to take on the neo-Darwinians in an extended essay/book called "Darwinism, Dogma and Cultural Evolution" and published a series of essays on modern anthropological myths called "Ship of Fools: An Anthology of Learned Nonsense about Primitive Society." The remainder of the article provides a transcribed interview between Clarfield and Hallpike. Some of the topics discussed include: social and cultural anthropology during the last twenty to thirty years; the work of Richard Dawkins, Jared Diamond and other cultural materialists; Hallpike's developmental writings; "Foundations of Primitive Thought"; and Hallpike's advice for young aspiring anthropologists.

Despite the critiques generated in critical internationalization studies in response to the neoliberal and neocolonial orientation of internationalization of higher education, the direction of internationalization appears to be unchanged. This paper takes up the challenge of imagining internationalization otherwise by drawing from the field of post-development (PD) studies, which, it is argued, has parallels to the realities and debates on internationalization. An overview of the debates in PD and why they offer important ideas for critical internationalization studies will be followed by a discussion of how key analyses and arguments in PD can be applied to internationalization. This argument leads to the question of whether it is time to recognize an emerging post-internationalization movement, acknowledging that internationalization as we know it is in decline. The paper concludes with an exploration of a new commons in internationalization, refocusing on educational principles and values, while recognizing the complexities and contradictions inherent in seeking international education that is "in between, with and from multiple worlds."

Over the past 15 years, various government agencies in Singapore have supported educational game development and research, producing multiple digital games (e.g., "Legends of Alkhemia," "Statecraft X"), and non-digital games (e.g., "Green City Blues," "Money Matters"). Although these games had been successful as research tools used to investigate game-based learning, their impact in schools has been limited by contextual factors including the school environment and culture (Chee et al., 2014). Further, little is documented regarding the details of designing educational games for these contexts. This paper describes the challenges I faced as a new researcher in Singapore tasked with designing new educational games that could simultaneously be used as research tools while also serving as effective, sustainable learning experiences in classrooms in Singapore. Although research-based educational games in Singapore and around the world have been created to instantiate and test theories of learning, these games have often been created without much attention given to classroom practicality and longer-term sustainability. This paper recounts this process and describes the constraints that were faced. By describing the conditions and constraints from the development process, the author hopes to inform and improve the design of future research/educational games that can have lasting and significant impact on Singapore student learning.

The aim of this work is to throw light on the regulatory plans of the city of Korça. Based on the researches done in the press of time and in the relevant institutions as well, it comes out that the city had a regulatory plan for its development. It is documented in the press of time since 1875 making it an early document for both the city and Albania in general. These data derive mainly from the press of time published in Korças they have had a great impact on the social and economic life of the city. The ever documented regulatory plan is that of 1931 in co-operation with two foreign engineers and approved by the Albanian Ministry of Infrastructure. Based not only on the press publications, but also on what we have inherited up to nowadays, we conclude that this plan has never been implemented. The only " new thing " this plan brought is the "Pirro Boulevard" or the today known "Skenderbe", (Scanderbeg) which joins the Shen Gjergj Blvd with that of "Republikës" ( Republic). In the end, based on archive researches we can deduce that the city of Korça has been among the first cities of Albania having a regulatory plan. A concise and definite fact is the article of 1910 which speaks of "the City Card" (Chart).

Although John Dewey continues to be a source to which scholars look in order to address contemporary social and educational issues, others have suggested that Dewey may be too implicated in the project of modernity to be acceptable in educational theory and practice today. To what extent Dewey was modern, and what we make of the question of his modernity, depends on our reading of Dewey and on our understanding of modernity more generally. I will argue that a broad reading of both Dewey and modernity helps us avoid treating Dewey either as education's saviour or as inimical to our present purposes. First, I examine Dewey's own conception of modernity and then broaden its scope by bringing into view four aspects of Western modernity: economic modernization, the struggle for justice, individualism, and naturalism. Second, I show how Dewey can and has been read as representing one or more of these aspects, but also from the perspective of one or more of these aspects. This generates what I will call Dewey's four "faces": Dewey as engineer, Dewey as activist, Dewey as Romantic, and Dewey as naturalist. This mapping offers a way of making more sense of the diverse readings of Dewey that exist in the secondary literature. Finally, I make a case for Dewey's ongoing relevance because of his capacious view of the goods of modernity and his distinctively educational philosophy.

This article reflects on some influential theories, concepts and institutions that have shaped the nature and substance of international development since the mid-20th century. In particular, theories of modernisation and dependency are deployed to reflect on the ways in which the International Financial Institutions, such as, the World Bank and the Asian Development Bank have adopted a 'Washington Consensus' concerning the social and economic development of 'developing' nations. 'Soft power' national agencies, such as, the British Council and USAID are brought into consideration, especially, for their interests and influences over matters of learning for development. The multi-national Commonwealth of Learning's particular contribution to learning for development is discussed with suggestions made for developing member nations' capacities to produce new local knowledge and to bring their existing local knowledge to the fore to share as part of a (Lockean) 'commonwealth of learning'.

Though many individuals in the United States of America and worldwide identify as LGBTQ+ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer, intersex, asexual, and other identities), educational programs for allied health professions often do not adequately cover LGBTQ+ issues. The literature clearly identifies a dearth of LGBTQ+ information in undergraduate, graduate, and continuing education for allied health professionals. This lack of education and training causes real and perceived prejudice and discrimination by healthcare professionals against people who identify as LGBTQ+. Pertinent issues for people who identify as LGBTQ+ and the language used to refer to these individuals changes over time so the LGBTQ+ content that allied health education programs cover should be periodically reevaluated. This article summarizes the current state of education on LGBTQ+ issues in allied health professions education and suggests contemporary LGBTQ+ content that should be included in allied health professions education.

The purpose of this study is to design a digital module based on mathematical communication skills. This a development research which is carried out to determine the use of poor learning media and students' low comprehensive skills in understanding mathematical topics associated with relations and functions. One of the solutions used to overcome this problem is by designing a digital teaching module using media. The research and development method consisting of Analysis, Design, Development, implementation, and Evaluation (ADDIE), were used to carry out this study. The results showed that the digital module is highly valid with a total expert validation of 95.1% and in the very good category. Also, the students' response to the digital module is in the very good category, with a total response criterion of 89.8%. Therefore, the designed digital module has the ability to improve students' independence in learning because its use is not limited to classrooms.

The Council of Europe's "Reference Framework of Competences for Democratic Culture" (RFCDC) was published in April 2018, and is currently being implemented in a number of Council of Europe member states. The RFCDC consists of three main components: a conceptual model of the competences that learners need to acquire in order to respond appropriately and effectively to democratic and intercultural situations; validated and scaled descriptors and learning outcomes for all of the competences in the model; and guidance for ministries of education and education practitioners on curriculum, pedagogy, assessment, teacher education, the whole-school approach, and building learners' resilience to radicalization. This article describes the policy background that motivated and accompanied the development of the RFCDC, and the process through which it was developed. It also provides an overview of the contents of the RFCDC, and an explanation of the impact that the framework is beginning to have on Council of Europe actions in the sphere of formal education.

Numerous studies have shown that secondary and college students are increasingly apathetic and disengaged from their schooling. The problem of student disengagement is not confined to under-represented socioeconomic groups; it is found across the country: in cities, suburbs, and rural communities; in wealthy schools and poor schools; in public schools and charter schools; in majority white schools and those composed largely of students of color. In this essay, we argue that Friedrich Nietzsche's Birth of Tragedy contains crucial pedagogical and conceptual resources for responding to this widespread problem. In particular, the conception of "Dionysian pessimism" Nietzsche advances in this early work and its relationship to the escapist, "Alexandrianism" he observes in late 19th century German education are relevant to the contemporary problem of student disengagement because they address head on the reality of struggle in students' academic experiences and can potentially explain the disengagement they experience when they fail to acknowledge, accept and even embrace the struggle of education. When struggle is seen as something to be avoided and endured only for the sake of later academic and career success, as it often is, Nietzsche argues that apathy, disengagement, and even resentment can result. Thus, while Nietzsche's diagnosis is rooted in an analysis of his own culture and time, this essay hopes to show that it has the potential to speak to important practical issues in contemporary education.

As a relatively new function of the academic research enterprise, research development offices and research development activities are being used to improve grant funding success and achieve university research goals. This article describes and analyzes survey data collected as part of a sequential explanatory mixed methods investigation of university research development activities and research development offices. The purpose of this investigation was to determine administrators' perceptions of what research development activities and best practices have contributed to increasing a university's annual sponsored funding totals. The data referenced in this article was collected via an electronic survey instrument posted to a listserv of members of the National Organization of Research Development Professionals. Data was collected on 21 research development activities, with support for large, multi-investigator project grants selected as the most important and impactful research development activity. Other highly-ranked research development activities are internal grant programs, grant team project management, and grant writing workshops. The responses helped to create a profile of university research development offices and revealed general agreement that the research development function in universities does improve grant funding success and also helps universities achieve their research goals. Understanding the roles that research development offices and activities play in supporting and improving grant funding success and university research goals is critical to organizational decision making. Keeping in mind the goals of their institution, research development professionals can consider the results of the present study in determining what research development activities have the most impact.

Purpose: To map and discuss core narratives and challenges crossing the field of DE in Portugal, from a postcolonial stance. Design/methodology/approach: The analysis is based on a qualitative approach, comprising two studies: interviews with experts and online analysis of development NGOs active in the field of DE. Findings: DE is discussed as a set of theories and practices under reconfiguration in terms of scope, aims, actors and educational approaches. There is the need for reconnecting with and addressing the legacies of DE, particularly, given its formal and informal emergence; this is an inevitably conflictual process involving a balance between tradition and change. Higher education is considered a relevant actor in strengthening the field. Research implications: A postcolonial stance is suggested as valuable orientation for actors, organizations and research in the field of DE, considering its transitional status and an inherently conflictive nature.

The brain undergoes profound development across childhood and adolescence, including continuous changes in brain morphology, connectivity, and functioning that are, in part, dependent on one's experiences. These neurobiological changes are accompanied by significant changes in children's and adolescents' cognitive learning. By drawing from studies in the domains of reading, reinforcement learning, and learning difficulties, we present a brief overview of methodological approaches and research designs that bridge brain- and behavioral research on learning. We argue that ultimately these methods and designs may help to unravel questions such as why learning interventions work, what learning computations change across development, and how learning difficulties are distinct between individuals.

This article questions the shift towards the global in discourses of development education in Ireland. Drawing on analysis of policy and research on discourses of development education with facilitators in Ireland, it shows that this shift is neither complete nor necessarily critical. Side by side with talk of the global are discussions of 'development issues' and 'promoting development', with the global often constructed in terms of the Global South and local-global relations assumed to mean North--South. The article examines some dynamics around shifting discourses and argues that the shift to the global does not necessarily signal a more critical development education. As such, it calls for critical analysis beyond changed language used in development education to explore the assumptions that underpin it and its implications for criticality.

The effort to promote interdisciplinary research in development and global education risks the erosion of its core values by more theoretically established fields of development. This becomes urgent when little research attention is given to strengthening the theoretical foundation of core concepts and themes, such as global poverty and inequality, that are grounded in knowledge from field experience. This article responds to the influence of neoclassical literature about poverty and spatial inequality that propagates a discourse shift from poor countries to poor people. Intersectionality is explored as a paradigm that can reconcile this new thinking with the social justice pedagogy of development education and that enables an understanding of the asymmetries in current patterns of poverty and spatial inequality.

Research development is increasingly recognized as a distinct field of employment. Practitioners currently self-identify as research development professionals based on their responsibilities or move into roles that have already been defined as being part of this field. The only professional organization in the United States for persons whose responsibilities have been defined as being in the field, the National Organization of Research Development Professionals (NORDP), just celebrated its tenth anniversary. As research development is a reasonably new realm of professional activity, the full extent of practitioner purposes and practices has yet to be delineated. To address the need for empirically-based understandings, an investigation of what research developers do was undertaken using the only known corpus that directly describes research development, the job descriptions in research development position announcements. Content analysis of this material was completed as the initial step in a multistage investigation that will address type, scope, and scale questions to facilitate a more formalized understanding of research development. The intention is to produce evidence-based understandings to "help us better understand what kinds of individuals, with what kinds of training, skills, and abilities, are best suited for various roles within research development, as well as what their professional trajectories are" (Stone, 2015, para. 5). This will facilitate differentiation from other areas of professional practice, like research administration, and "might improve our capacity to recruit, retain, and provide succession planning and longer-term career paths…in research development" (Stone, 2015, para. 5).

This paper introduces agile learning, a novel pedagogical approach that applies the processes and principles of agile software development to the context of learning. Agile learning is characterized by short project cycles, called sprints, in which a usable deliverable is fully planned, designed, built, tested, reviewed, and launched. An undergraduate elective Computer Information Systems course on web development was redesigned to implement a semester-long agile learning experience. Results of a student survey conducted at the end of the semester reveal that agile learning combines learning and application of learning, while allowing students to fail more and fail faster. At the same time, agile learning takes longer than traditional project-based learning and makes it easier for students to fall behind. Nevertheless, students indicated a strong preference for agile learning over traditional project-based learning. Importantly, students' preference for and performance in agile learning was not influenced by their learning style. However, agile learning requires significant amount of planning, balancing the need to provide instructions with the need to provide explanations, as well as significant amount of one-on-one student support.

The Village Institutes were originally-designed in-place-training institutions of the Turkish education history. They had been a very significant and unique educational-product of Turkey which were gifted to all secular [modern] world education systems. Because these Institutes were explored in line with thoroughly native considerations and foresights. Thus the Institutes punched their latter-day principles and values not only in the Turkish, but also in many contemporary world education systems. Although the Institutes were shut down by some reactionary political approaches, their impacts, educational power and pedagogic wealth had reached until today. The main reason for that could be defined with various aspects. First of all, these institutions had adopted an unique educational model which was directly based on the universal science, culture and fine arts. This approach ensured authentic innovative styles for students of the Institutes, not only in the village field, but also in every educational level. Thus it should be emphasized that one of the most important aspects with this innovative education method was that the Village Institutes were conceived with a "revolutionary" and "enlightenment" understanding. This noteworthy aspect was what made them unique at first. Thus the aim of this research will firstly become to analyze educational model and system of the Village Institutes stemming from their unique, native, humanist and secular educational methods; and secondly explore how much innovative the Village Institutes were in the fields of science, culture and art. This study is based on the hypothesis-deduction method. Thus findings method for the study will follow a from-general-to-specific case approach. In this study, literature review and content analysis research methods will mainly be used.

E-learning projects and related research generate an increasing amount of evidence within and across various disciplines and contexts. The field is very heterogeneous as e-learning approaches are often characterized by rather unique combinations of situational factors that guide the design and realization of e-learning in a bottom-up fashion. Comprehensive theories of e-learning that allow deductive reasoning and hence a more top-down strategy are missing so far, but they are highly desirable. In view of the current situation, inductive reasoning is the prevalent way of scientific progress in e-learning research and the first step toward theory development: individual projects provide the insights necessary to gradually build up comprehensive theories and models. In this context, comparability and generalizability of project results are the keys to success. Here we propose a new model--the "E-Learning Setting Circle"--that will promote comparability and generalizability of project results by structuring, standardizing, and guiding e-learning approaches at the level of a general research methodology. The model comprises three clusters--context setting, structure setting, and content setting--each of which comprises three individual issues that are not necessarily sequential but frequently encountered in e-learning projects. Two further elements are incorporated: on the one hand, we delineate the central role of objective setting and the assessment of the goal attainment level (guiding element); on the other hand, we highlight the importance of multi-criteria decision-making (universal element). Overall, the proposed circular model is a strategic framework intended to foster theory development in the area of e-learning projects and research.

Capturing developmental and learning-induced brain dynamics is extremely challenging as changes occur interactively across multiple levels and emerging functions. Different levels include the (social) environment, cognitive and behavioral levels, structural and functional brain changes, and genetics, while functions include domains such as math, reading, and executive function. Here, we report the insights that emerged from the workshop "Capturing Developmental Brain Dynamics", organized to bring together multidisciplinary approaches to integrate data on development and learning across different levels, functions, and time points. During the workshop, current main gaps in our knowledge and tools were identified including the need for: (1) common frameworks, (2) longitudinal, large-scale, multisite studies using representative participant samples, (3) understanding interindividual variability, (4) explicit distinction of understanding versus predicting, and (5) reproducible research. After illustrating interactions across levels and functions during development, we discuss the identified gaps and provide solutions to advance the capturing of developmental brain dynamics.

This paper explores the extent to which latest developments in the Technical and Vocational Education and Training System in South Africa respond to key principles espoused for a developmental, democratic and inclusionary ideal. The White Paper for post school education and training approved by Cabinet in November, 2013 is referred to by the Minister as the "definitive statement of the governments vision for the post school system" and as such represents a crucial strategy document intended to chart the TVET direction to 2030. Using key theoretical constructs from development theory, this paper provides an assessment of the TVET strategy contained is the paper and explores the extent to which it does respond to the agenda defined by the promise. It is argued that the challenges outlined are not yet able to provide the blueprint for a TVET transformative vision. It is concluded that while the development rhetoric contained in the paper is plausible, the creative tinkering of the system is unlikely to lead to the radical revisioning necessary for a truly transformative TVET system. The underlying assumptions regarding purpose, impact and outcome will need to be carefully reconsidered if the system is to be responsive to the promises of the democratic developmental ideal to which the government is committed.