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Bu yazının konusu, Türkçe dil bilgisi çalışmalarında genellikle “görülen geçmiş zamanın hikâyesi” biçiminde adlandırılan Türkiye Türkçesindeki -Dİ idi ~ -Dİydİ biçim birimidir. Eş zamanlı metodun kullanıldığı çalışmanın amacı; -Dİ idi ~ -Dİydİ şeklinin, Viktor Grigoryeviç Guzev tarafından geliştirilen şimdiki, geçmiş ve gelecek olmak üzere “üç kerterizli zaman” sistemindeki yerini belirlemek ve kiplik, dil bilgisel zaman ve görünüşlük (kılınış ve görünüş) açısından ayırıcı özelliklerini tespit ederek anlamını biçimlendirmektir. Literatürde -Dİ idi ~ -Dİydİ şekli ile “uzak geçmiş” bildirildiği fikri öne çıkar. Ancak bu çalışmanın bütüncesini oluşturan çağdaş Türkiye Türkçesi edebî eserlerinden alınan örneklerin de tanıkladığı üzere, şeklin, çok yakın bir geçmişten uzak geçmişe kadar çeşitli dil bilgisel zamanları ifade edebildiği görülür. Bu çalışmada, şeklin, sadece biçimsel olarak “geçmiş zaman kesiti kerterizi” ile ilgili olduğu, işlevsel bakımdan ise “şimdiki zaman kesiti kerterizi” alt sisteminin geçmiş zaman biçim birimlerinden biri olduğu fikri desteklenmektedir. -Dİ idi ~ -Dİydİ biçim birimi, “sınır sonrası görünüş/bitmişlik görünüşü” anlam birimciği ile işaretli -mİş idi ~ -mİştİ’den herhangi bir görünüş değil kılınış anlam birimciğine sahip olmasıyla da ayrışır. Şekil, anlatımlarda kullanılan sözcük ve sözcük öbekleri ile bağlamın da yardımıyla “hatırlama/hatırlatma” anlatılanını (nüansını) dile getirebilir. Ancak bu, onun anlamının ayrılmaz bir bileşeni, yani anlam birimciği değildir. Türkçede -Dİ idi ~ -Dİydİ, resmî yazışma, gazete, bilimsel eser vb. ölçünlü dil kullanımı gerektiren alanlarda verimsiz (kullanım sıklığı az), günlük konuşma ve ağızlarda ise verimli, yani kullanım sıklığı daha fazladır. -Dİ idi ~ -Dİydİ şekli, eylemin, şimdiki zaman kesitinden önce yakın ya da uzak belirsiz bir geçmişte gerçekleştirildiğini bildiren zaman anlam birimciği ile eylemin, bir veya birkaç kereliği kılınış (anlam birimciği) ve bildirme kipliği anlam birimciğinden oluşan anlama sahip işlek ve verimsiz fiil bitimli şeklidir The subject of this article is the morpheme -DI idi ~ -DIydI in Turkish, which is generally referred to as görülen geçmiş zamanın hikâyesi “the narrative of past definite” in Turkish grammars. This study utilizes the synchronic method and aims to determine the place of the form -DI idi ~ -DIydI in the “three-oriented tense” system developed by Viktor Grigorevich Guzev and to formulate the meaning of this morpheme by identifying its distinctive features in terms of modality, tense and aspectuality (modes of actions/aktionsart and aspect). In the literature, it is claimed that the form -DI idi ~ -DIydI expresses “pluperfect, distant past”. However, as evidenced by the examples taken from modern Turkish literary works, this form can expresses various tenses from the near past to the distant past. Due to its ability to convey the near past, it is suggested in this study that the form is only formally related to the “past period of orientation”. In terms of functionality, it is a unit belonging to the “current/present period of orientation” subsystem, and to be precise, it is one of the past tense morphemes of this subsystem. The morpheme -DI idi ~ -DIydI differs from -mIş idi ~ -mIştI, marked with the postterminal aspect seme, in that it has an aktionsart seme rather than any aspect seme. The form can express the sense of “remembering/reminder” through words, word groups and the context, but this is not an inseparable component of its meaning, that is, its seme. -DI idi ~ -DIydI is ineffectual (low frequency of use) in texts such as official correspondence, newspapers, scientific works that require the use of standard language. It is effectual (high frequency of use) in colloquial speech and dialects. -DI idi ~ -DIydI is a productive and ineffectual verb finite form with a meaning consisting of the tense seme indicating that the action occurred in the near or distant indefinite past before the present period of orientation, and the aktionsart seme indicating that the action occurred once or several times and the indicative modality seme.

Mint is the name given to herbaceous plants belonging to the Lamiacea family, which is among the medicinal aromatic plants. In Turkey, the mint plant is cultivated and commercially grown in the Aegean, Mediterranean and Marmara regions. Harvest time in mint is the period when the plant begins to bloom. The aim of the study is to minimize the negativities that may occur in the harvest and threshing process, to contribute to the studies to increase plant yield and quality, and to determine the parameters that may be required for machine design for mint plant. In this study, the physico-mechanical properties of the mint plant were determined for the mechanical harvest. In this study, mints reaching harvest maturity were harvested 5-10 cm from the soil by hand and with the help of pruning shears. After, some physico-mechanical properties such as dimensions (length, width, weight, diameter), breaking force of leaves from stem, projection area, leaf/stem ratio, amount of essential oil were determined. In the study, 13 mint varieties and 4 clones obtained from these varieties were used. Samples were taken from each mint plant. The sizes of the selected mint species were measured and recorded with the help of meters, calipers and precision scales. A biological test device was used to determine the mechanical properties of the plants in three different regions. In addition, the apparatus of the biological test device was changed and the breaking strength of the leaves from the stem was determined. It was determined that the highest value for the cutting force of the mint plant was a zone of Multimentha species with an average of 71.17 N, the lowest value was the c zone of the Maracco Mentha Spicata species with an average of 6.76 N. According to the results of the experiment, the physico-mechanical properties of the mint plant examined in different species were found to be statistically significant at the p, Nane, tıbbi aromatik bitkiler içerisinde yer alan Lamiacea familyasına ait, çok yıllık sürünücü gövdeye sahip otsu bitkilere verilen isimdir. Türkiye’de Nane bitkisi Ege, Akdeniz ve Marmara bölgelerinde kültüre alınmış ve ticari olarak yetiştirilmektedir. Nanede hasat zamanı bitkinin çiçeklenmeye başladığı dönemdir. Çalışmanın amacı hasat ve harman sürecinde oluşabilecek olumsuzlukları en aza indirmek, Nane bitkisi için bitki verimini ve kalitesini arttırmaya yönelik çalışmalara katkı sağlamak ve makine tasarımı için gerekli olabilecek parametreleri belirlemektir. Yapılan çalışmada Nane bitkisinin mekanik hasadı için fiziko-mekanik özellikleri belirlenmiştir. Bu çalışmada hasat olgunluğuna erişen Naneler, elle ve budama makası yardımıyla topraktan 5-10 cm üstten hasat edilmiştir. Daha sonra boyutları (uzunluk, genişlik, ağırlık, çap), yapraklarının saptan kopma kuvveti, projeksiyon alanı, yaprak/sap oranı, uçucu yağ miktarı gibi bazı fiziko-mekanik özellikleri belirlenmiştir. Çalışmada 13 çeşit Nane ve bu çeşitlerden elde edilen 4 klon kullanılmıştır. Her Nane bitkisinden örnekler alınarak Nane türlerinin boyutları metre, kumpas, hassas terazi yardımıyla ölçülüp kaydedilmiştir. Bitkilerin üç farklı bölgede oluşan mekanik özelliklerini belirlemek için biyolojik malzeme test cihazı kullanılmıştır. Ayrıca, biyolojik malzeme test cihazı ile yaprakların saptan kopma kuvveti belirlenmiştir. Nane bitkisinin kesme kuvveti için en yüksek değer ortalama 71.17 N ile Multimentha türünün a bölgesi, en düşük değer ortalama 6.76 N ile Maracco Mentha Spicata türünün c bölgesi olduğu belirlenmiştir. Denemenin sonuçlarına göre Nane bitkisinin farklı türlerinde incelenen fiziko-mekanik özellikleri istatistiksel anlamda p

The benefits of inspiratory muscle training (IMT) in patients with COPD were reported. However, its effects are limited in severe COPD patients. Further researches are required in new and complementary modalities demonstrating IMT efficacy in severe COPD patients. This study aims to investigate effects of manual therapy (MT) additional over IMT on functional capacity, respiratory muscle strength, pulmonary function, dyspnea, fatigue, and quality of life in severe COPD patients. Sixty patients with COPD in GOLD stage III-IV were included in this prospective single-blind randomized trial. Patients were randomly assigned to receive either MT additional over IMT at 40% of maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) (n = 30) or only IMT (n = 30) for 12 weeks. MT group received MT during 12 weeks for 30 min additional to IMT. Pulmonary function, respiratory muscle strength, functional capacity, dyspnea, fatigue, and quality of life were evaluated by spirometry, mouth pressure device, six-minute walk test, Modified Medical Research Council (mMRC) dyspnea scale, fatigue severity scale, and St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ), respectively. MT group had significantly greater improvement in FEV1%, FVC%, PEF%, respiratory muscle strength, function, dyspnea, fatigue, and quality of life compared with IMT group (p < 0.05). 6MWT (p < 0.001, effect size Cohen's d: 0.915), MIP (p < 0.001, effect size Cohen's d: 1.235), and mMRC score (p < 0.001, effect size Cohen's d: 0.982) were significantly improved in IMT with MT group. This study demonstrated that subjects in IMT with MT group had improved outcomes in functional capacity, respiratory muscle strength, pulmonary function, dyspnea, fatigue perception, and quality of life compared with alone IMT group. 35332685

The prevalence of multidrug-resistant microorganisms results in an urgent need for the development of new antimicrobial agents or new treatment strategies. In this sense, plants serve different alternatives. Berberine, a plant-derived compound, is one of the alkaloids known to display antimicrobial activity against several types of microorganisms, while its being a substrate of various efflux pumps causes a decrease in its efficacy. Biotransformation makes it possible to obtain novel or more effective compounds with only minor structural modifications using enzyme systems. In this study, biotransformation of berberine by Curvularia lunata was examined. The working concentration of berberine was determined by observing the microbial growth on agar plates. The concentration of residual berberine in the media was analyzed by HPLC. In addition, laccase and beta-glucosidase enzyme activities were followed for their possible roles during the biotransformation of berberine. The results show that at the end of 14 days, C. lunata consumed 99% and 87% of berberine with the initial concentrations of 0.35 mg/mL and 0.5 mg/mL, respectively. Enzyme activities were not affected significantly. Since the concentration of berberine decreased, the biotransformation of berberine by C. lunata could be mentioned. Monitoring of biotransformation products plays a crucial role in discovering novel antimicrobial compounds and new valuable molecules.

21 Pags.- 8 Figs.- 2 Tabls. © Author(s) 2023. This work is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License., Sorptivity is one of the most important parameters for the quantification of water infiltration into soils. Parlange (1975) proposed a specific formulation to derive sorptivity as a function of the soil water retention and hydraulic conductivity functions, as well as initial and final soil water contents. However, this formulation requires the integration of a function involving hydraulic diffusivity, which may be undefined or present numerical difficulties that cause numerical misestimations. In this study, we propose a mixed formulation that scales sorptivity and splits the integrals into two parts: the first term involves the scaled degree of saturation, while the second involves the scaled water pressure head. The new mixed formulation is shown to be robust and well-suited to any type of hydraulic function – even with infinite hydraulic diffusivity or positive air-entry water pressure heads – and any boundary condition, including infinite initial water pressure head. Lastly, we show the benefits of using the proposed formulation for modeling water into soil with analytical models that use sorptivity., This work was performed within the INFILTRON project supported by the French National Research Agency. This research has been supported by the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (grant no. ANR-17-CE04-010).

Hydrological processes 37(6), e14928 (2023). doi:10.1002/hyp.14928, Published by Wiley, New York, NY

Laboratory tests used to determine the compressive strength (CS) of building materials are both time-consuming and relatively costly. Numerous alternative methods have been developed for the indirect determination of CS. One of them is the nail gun. The driving energies of commercially available nail guns are generally constant, and nailers of different energies need to be used for materials with varying levels of compressive strengths. The scope of this investigation is to indirectly predict the compressive strength of most common building materials by establishing an empirical relationship between nail penetration resistance and CS by employing a single and simple tool. In the research, rocks, bricks, and concretes prepared in different cement/sand ratios with different strength ranges were used as materials. The compressive strength of the materials used in the experiments was first determined by conventional compression tests. The nail penetration depths were determined by conducting experiments on the same materials using a nailer with two different energy levels. An empirical relationship was developed by using nail penetration depths, driving energies, and nail diameters as the independent variables and the compressive strength determined by the conventional method as the dependent variable. According to the empirical relationship determined by multiple regression analysis, the compressive strength of building materials can be estimated with 89% accuracy by the nail penetration method.

Contribution: This study provides evidence for the benefit of short online courses for the transdisciplinary competence development of graduate students. It shows the significant challenges students face while learning, and provides instructional recommendations to improve students’ learning quality and professionalism. Background: Developing wearable and collaborative robots require industry collaboration and transdisciplinary competence. Industry’s involvement in long-term programs is becoming infeasible, and the nature of transdisciplinary learning has not been explored to inform instructional practices. Intended Outcomes: This study aimed to provide instructional recommendations based on an in-depth examination of a diverse group of graduate students’ learning and teamwork experiences as well as outcomes in a 5-day online transdisciplinary course. Application Design: Thirty-one graduate students of engineering, industrial design, and health fields from four countries participated in online mixed-discipline instructional sessions and teams to address a real industry challenge. A mixed-methods approach was used to examine students’ experiences and learning outcomes based on a competence measure, session participation data, student journal entries, team progress reports, team elaboration visuals, and final team presentations. Findings: Students’ knowledge of industrial design, medical considerations, ethics and standards, effective teamwork, and self-regulated learning were increased. Students’ high motivation helped them deal with the challenges involved. Daily student journals, team reports, and visual elaboration tools were found to be beneficial for determining the challenges and learning quality. The observed student progress within five days is promising, making it worthwhile to further explore the benefits of short online courses for increasing graduates’ readiness and establishing university-industry collaborations in education.

11 Pags.- 5 Figs.- 4 Tabls. © 2022 Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license., Modeling infiltration in water-repellent soils is difficult, as the underlying processes remain poorly quantified. However, recent work has adapted the Beerkan Soil Transfer Parameter (BEST) algorithm to include an exponential correction term for characterizing these types of soils. The original BEST-WR (WR = Water Repellent) method used a two-term approximate expansion of the Haverkamp quasi-exact implicit model. However, the BEST-WR method can have considerable inaccuracy, particularly as the time of infiltration and the soil water repellency increase. Here, we extended the BEST-WR model by adapting a three-term approximation of the Haverkamp quasi-exact implicit model to water-repellent soils. We then tested the new method using analytical data. For highly water-repellent soils, the proposed method had better performance when estimating soil sorptivity (S) and soil saturated conductivity (Ks), with respective errors of less than 1.5 % and 8 %, compared to relative errors of more than 10 % and 30 % with the two-term BEST-WR method. We also tested both approaches with experimental data. The two methods provided similar estimates for hydraulic parameters, with linear correlations between methods of R2 = 0.84 for S and R2 = 0.88 for Ks. Initial infiltration was not well modeled by either the two-term or three-term model for 33 tests, thus revealing limitations in the applied exponential model that we used to account for soil repellency. Nonetheless, the proposed three-term expression provided better fits than the two-term model for most of the infiltration runs, meaning that this new approach is more robust when modeling infiltration processes in water-repellent soils., This work was supported through the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) and the Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research (MIUR) through the “Programma Operativo Nazionale (PON) Ricerca e Innovazione 2014-2020“ (Linea 1 - Mobilità dei ricercatori, AIM1853149, CUP: J54I18000120001), and the GASPAM project ”Gestione Agronomica Sostenibile dei Pascoli Arborati Mediterranei“, funded by Regione Sardegna (L. 7/2007, 2019-21).

Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) caused by a new coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, , has become a serious health problem throughout the world. Although COVID-19 primarily presents as an acute respiratory tract infection, many neurological findings have also been described in patients. Neurological findings are classified into three groups as central, peripheral nervous system and musculoskeletal system. The most common central nervous system symptom is headache. Encephalitis, encephalopathy, seizures, acute ischemic stroke are also seen. The most common symptoms in the peripheral nervous system are loss of smell and taste. Myalgia, myositis and rhabdomyolysis also can be seen in musculoskeletal system involvement. Awareness of the neurological symptoms by physicians will be beneficial in early diagnosis and treatment of the disease., Yeni bir koronavirüs olan SARS-CoV-2’nin neden olduğu koronavirüs hastalığı (COVİD-19) dünya genelinde ciddi bir sağlık sorunu haline gelmiştir. COVİD-19 öncelikle akut solunum yolu enfeksiyonu şeklinde kendini gösterse de hastalarda pek çok nörolojik bulgu da tanımlanmıştır. Nörolojik bulgular santral, periferik sinir sistemi ve kas-iskelet sistemi olarak üç grupta sınıflandırılır. En sık görülen santral sinir sistemi bulgusu baş ağrısıdır. Ensefalit, ensefalopati, nöbet, akut iskemik inme de görülmektedir. Periferik sinir sisteminde en sık görülen bulgular koku ve tat kaybı iken kas-iskelet sistemi tutulumunda miyalji, miyozit, rabdomiyoliz görülebilir. Nörolojik bulguların hekimler tarafından bilinmesi hastalığın erken tanı ve tedavisinde fayda sağlayacaktır.

Hepatitis-associated aplastic anemia (HAA) is a form of acquired aplastic anemia (AA) in which bone marrow failure develops after an acute attack of hepatitis. Bone marrow failure leading to AA is generally severe in cases of HAA and fatal if left untreated. This retrospective multicenter study investigated clinical and laboratory characteristics, possible causes, treatment, and outcome of HAA in children. Twenty patients from 8 centers were included in the study. Aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase were 10×ULN in 16 patients. Acute liver failure developed in 5 (29%) patients. Pancytopenia was simultaneously present in 6 of 20 (30%) patients. Eleven of the 20 patients (55%) were alive, in remission and transfusion free. Those who were alive either had undergone hematopoietic stem cell transplantation and/or immunosuppressive treatment, except 1 patient who had received no treatment. Patients with the diagnosis of acute hepatitis should be evaluated and followed up carefully for presence of cytopenia, so that definitive treatment of AA can be initiated in a timely and appropriate manner when needed. Copyright r 2021 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. 34669357

Background/aim This study aimed to analyze the serum melatonin levels and changes in sleep patterns in pediatric patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Materials and methods This study was designed as a descriptive, cross-sectional study. Serum melatonin levels and sleep parameters of children with the diagnosis of COVID-19 who had mild and moderate disease (i.e., COVID-19 group) were compared with those of children admitted with non-COVID-19 nonspecific upper respiratory tract infection (i.e., control group). The sleep disturbance scale for children (SDSC) questionnaire was applied to the participants› primary caregivers to analyze their sleep patterns at present and six months before symptom onset and to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on sleep patterns. Results The entire study cohort consisted of 106 patients. The COVID-19 group included 80 patients, while the control group consisted of 26 patients. The mean serum melatonin levels were 136.72 pg/mL and 172.63 pg/mL in the COVID-19 and control groups, respectively (p = 0.16). There was no significant difference between the groups in terms of 6 subcategories of the SDSC questionnaire regarding the present time and 6 months before symptom onset. The total SDSC scores were also similar in two different evaluation time points described above (p = 0.99). Conclusions We conclude that COVID-19 did not impact the sleep parameters of children. Serum melatonin levels of all patients were higher than the reference range; however, they were higher in the non-COVID-19 patient group than the COVID-19 group. Since serum melatonin levels were higher than the reference values in children with COVID-19, and this disease is significantly less morbid in children, melatonin may have protective effects against COVID-19.

Solar PVs are mostly built on uncultivated land. However, the increase in land values due to the increasing world population, the lack of suitable areas for potential PV plants, especially in the land-scarce countries, and the increasing energy need led researchers to seek new solutions. At this point, floating solar power plants emerge as a good alternative with their advantages such as not occupying land area and reducing water evaporation by covering the water surface. In this study, a floating photovoltaic power plant with 120 kWp installation power was installed on Buyukcekmece Lake, and the effect of the microclimate data on the produced energy of the system was investigated. Since the energy produced by PV panels is highly dependent on climate effects and there may be many climatic variations depending on the geographical conditions, experimental measurements have been made annually in this study and the results have been analyzed in order to contribute to the researches in this field. From the obtained results, it is seen that the most important factor that positively affects the energy produced is solar irradiance, while specific humidity, wave loads, and module temperature have a negative effect.

In these days, people spend 87% of their time indoors. Therefore, buildings are responsible for 36% of the total energy consumption and 40% of the CO2 emissions in the world. Besides, energy expenditures can be reduced, especially through improvements in public buildings used by many people. In this study, an annual energy consumption was conducted for an Olympic ice-skating rink and sports complex in Istanbul with a capacity of 900 spectators, was analyzed. Annual energy consumption of the building was 2 915 032 kWh electrical energy and 157 944 m3 natural gas. It was foreseen that 40 000kWh energy savings can be achieved annually with the evaporative pre-cooling system.

Cep telefonları ve giyilebilir elektronik aygıtların fonksiyonlarını kesintisiz biçimde yerine getirebilmeleri için gereksinim duyulan enerjinin üretimi ve depolanması, hafif ve esnek elemanlarla sağlanmalıdır. Konvansiyonel piller; gerekli pratiklik, esneklik, konfor ve hafifliği sağlama konusunda yetersizlik kalmaktadır. Bu durum, enerji hasatçılarına yönelen ilginin artmasına neden olmuştur. Enerji hasatçıları, çevresel enerjileri elektrik enerjisine dönüştürürler. Enerji hasatçıları, yalnızca pratiklik sağlamaz aynı zamanda çevre dostu enerji üretimi gerçekleştirir. Enerji hasatçıları, faydalanılan enerji kaynağına ve elektrik enerjisine dönüştürme prensibine göre fotovoltaik, termoelektrik, elektromanyetik, piezoelektrik ve triboelektrik gibi sınıflara ayrılabilir. Triboelektrik enerji hasatçıları sürtünme sırasında oluşan statik elektriği kullanılabilir enerjiye dönüştürür. Triboelektrik enerji hasatçıları ile; dikey temas ayrılma, düzlem içi kaydırma, tek elektrotlu, serbest triboelektik tabaka modları gibi farklı çalışma modlarında enerji elde edebilir. İlk defa 2012 yılında geliştirilen, ardından yoğun biçimde araştırma çalışmalarına konu olan triboelektrik enerji hasatçılar; yüksek güç çıkışları, nanoteknoloji ile uyumları, geniş malzeme ve tasarım seçenekleri, küçük boyutları, hafif ve esnek yapıları, düşük maliyetleri ve giyilebilir aygıtlara eklenebilmeleri ile geleceğin enerji teknolojisi olmaya adaydır.

In engineering applications, to increase productivity and to decrease production costs, the selection of the proper engineering material is essential. At that point, machining operations directly affect the production costs. Therefore, determination of the material with the desired mechanical properties and easy-to-cut characteristics has a critical importance. This situation is currently gaining more importance in especially defense industry applications in which high strength engineering materials are heavily employed. In addition, tool performance and final product quality are directly influenced by the cooling and/or lubrication conditions in particularly interrupted cutting operations. In this study, machinability characteristics of G18NiMoCr3-6+QT1 cast steel (CS) and 1050-6 austempered ductile iron (ADI) with similar mechanical properties during milling operations were investigated. The tests were performed using TiAlN coated cemented carbide (WC-Co) end mills under dry, conventional cutting fluid (CCF), and minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) conditions. Under each condition, the variations of cutting forces, tool wear, average surface roughness (Ra), and subsurface microstructure and microhardness were analyzed for both materials and then compared to one another. Test results showed that 1050-6 ADI led to further tool wear in comparison to G18NiMoCr3-6+QT1 CS. According to obtained results, dry condition is more favorable than CCF and MQL conditions in terms of cutting forces, surface roughness, and tool wear for both types of material. In addition, examinations on subsurface microstructures showed that MQL conditions provided an effective cutting environment to maintain microstructural stability of workpiece materials.

Aim:Hypercalcemia (HCM) is a common clinical problem characterized by a serum corrected calcium (cCa) level of >10.7 mg/dL. Primary hyperparathyroidism and malignancy are mostly (90%) involved in the etiology. In this study, we aimed to determine the relationship of cCa and phosphorus (P) levels, cCa/P ratio and gender with the etiology of HCM and one-week mortality.Methods:Records of HCM patients older than 18 years of age who were hospitalized between January 1, 2017 and December 31, 2018 were retrospectively reviewed. Age, gender, cCa and P levels, HCM etiology and one-week survival status of the patients were recorded. Subsequently, the patients were divided into two groups according to whether the etiology of HCM was benign or malignant. Then, the groups were compared statistically in terms of gender, biochemical values and one-week survival.Results:The median level of serum cCa was found to be significantly higher in males (p

Gübre sıyırıcılar genellikle 50 baş ve üzeri, büyükbaş yetiştiriciliğin yapıldığı hayvancılık işletmelerinde kullanılan, insan iş yükünü azaltan basit yapılı ve işlevi yüksek tarım aletlerindendir. Bir bağ çekme düzeneği ile çalışan bu aletler çekilme yöntemine göre hidrolik (pistonlu) ve mekanik (zincirli) tip olmak üzere ikiye ayrılmaktadır. Özellikle zincirli tip sıyıcılar yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır ancak bu tip alet tasarımlarında, ihtiyaç duyulan gereklilikleri karşılayabilecek geometrik özellikler ve malzeme seçimi uygun yapılmamış ise, çalışma esnasında alet elemanları üzerinde plastik deformasyon ve kırılma hasarları meydana gelebilmektedir. Bu tip istenmeyen hasarların önüne geçebilmek amacıyla makine ve alet tasarımlarında ileri düzey bilgisayar destekli tasarım ve mühendislik uygulamalarını kullanmak oldukça yararlı olmaktadır. Bu çalışmada 50 adet kapasiteli büyük baş hayvan yetiştiriciliğinin yapıldığı bir işletmeye uygun, 3.75 m sıyırma genişliğine sahip özel tasarım bir gübre sıyırıcı küreğinin üç boyutlu bilgisayar destekli tasarımı gerçekleştirilmiş ve gerçek çalışma koşulları altında uğradığı deformasyon davranışı ticari bir sonlu elemanlar yöntemi kodu ile analiz edilmiştir. Analizlerde hasar kriteri olarak malzeme akma dayanım değerleri referans alınmıştır. Gerçekleştirilen analiz neticesinde herhangi bir plastik deformasyon ya da kırılma hasarı izine rastlanılmamıştır ver en yüksek eşdeğer (Von Mises) gerilme değerine karşılık gelen malzeme güvenli çalışma katsayısı yaklaşık 1.368 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Analiz sonuçları ile tasarım geliştirme çalışmalarında kullanılabilecek faydalı görsel ve sayısal çıktılar ortaya konmuştur.