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Scholars often regard the transnationalization of civil wars as unique expansions of the war and in doing so overlook the importance of the international system in contributing to the spillover of violence. The relationship between domestic situations and international contexts directly contribute to the transnationalization of civil war. I focus on the widening of the Darfur conflict from a domestic conflict to a war with strong international connections and ties. I argue that the transnationalization of war in Darfur is not the result of diffusion or contagion. Instead, the spillover of violence is the result of calculations on the part of the Sudanese government, which is using the violence in Darfur to wage proxy wars in Chad and the Central African Republic. A dangerous system of war has developed, with the governments of Chad, the CAR, and Sudan supporting and arming rebel groups in pursuit of wider political objectives and military goals., On May 10, 2008, rebels from the Darfur region of western Sudan launched an assault on the capital city of Khartoum. The following day, Sudan severed all ties with Chad, [...]

Assesses when and why preventive diplomacy succeeds and when it fails in an effort to develop a response-oriented framework that will address how the international response system can be redesigned to act quickly to prevent or limit the escalation of violent conflict. Concept of preventive diplomacy in the post-cold war context; Comparative study of conflicts in Somalia, Rwanda and KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa; Inferences of case study evidence for the efficacy of preventive diplomacy.