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2. Foreword

Author

Dawson, Alistair

Published
2021

18. Detection of seroconversion to West Nile virus, Usutu virus and Sindbis virus in UK sentinel chickens

Author

Dawson Alistair, Buckley Alan, and Gould Ernest A

Subjects
Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Summary We previously reported evidence of West Nile virus (WNV) circulation in UK birds, probably introduced by migratory birds from overseas. We now demonstrate WNV-specific seroconversion in sentinel chickens raised on an English farm. Maternal neutralizing antibodies to WNV in hatchlings declined within three weeks. During the following months, healthy chickens developed WNV neutralizing antibodies that were confirmed by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence tests using WNV antigens. The proportion of seropositive chickens was higher for WNV than for Usutu virus or Sindbis virus. Attempts to isolate infectious virus or to detect viral RNA in the sera, failed.

Published
2006
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20. LETTERS

Author

Herrera, Eugene, Groves, Mary, Knabeschuh, Don J., Schultz, Jon S., Dawson, Alistair B., and Wells, Dottie

Subjects
General interest, News, opinion and commentary
Published
2008

31. Detection of seroconversion to West Nile virus, Usutu virus and Sindbis virus in UK sentinel chickens.

Author

Buckley, Alan, Dawson, Alistair, and Gould, Ernest A.

Subjects
*ANTIGEN analysis, *IMMUNOCYTOCHEMISTRY, *NUCLEIC acids, *BLOOD plasma, *IMMUNOGLOBULINS, *AGRICULTURAL egg production
Abstract

We previously reported evidence of West Nile virus (WNV) circulation in UK birds, probably introduced by migratory birds from overseas. We now demonstrate WNV-specific seroconversion in sentinel chickens raised on an English farm. Maternal neutralizing antibodies to WNV in hatchlings declined within three weeks. During the following months, healthy chickens developed WNV neutralizing antibodies that were confirmed by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence tests using WNV antigens. The proportion of seropositive chickens was higher for WNV than for Usutu virus or Sindbis virus. Attempts to isolate infectious virus or to detect viral RNA in the sera, failed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2006
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32. SOFTWARE REVIEWS.

Author

Dawson, Alistair, Binks, Martin, Jennings, Andrew, Lumsden, Keith, Scott, Alex, Taylor, Peter, MacDonald, Garry, Turner, David, and Shone, Ronald

Subjects
COMPUTER software, COMPUTER systems, ECONOMICS, ECONOMISTS, ELECTRONIC systems
Abstract

Evaluates several computer software and related material available for use by the economists. "Running the British Economy 1987"; "Macmod"; "Ready Reckoner"; "Chancellor One"; "Chancellor Two."

Published
1989

33. Late Quaternary glaciation in Southwest Ireland

Author

Rae, Alaric Campbell Rae, Harrison, Stephan, Mighall, Timothy, Dawson, Alistair, and Anderson, Edward

Subjects
551.3109417, late quaternary, glaciers, ice sheets, Ireland, Glacial landforms -- Ireland
Abstract

During the last main phase of glaciations (26-13kaBP) an ice cap developed in south west Ireland and ice, from a dispersal centre in the vicinity of Kenmare, flowed north and diverged on the southern slopes of the Macgillycuddy’s Reeks. On these slopes, a weathering limit separates ice-moulded bedrock, on low ground, from frost-weathered terrain above. Assessment of bedrock dilation joint characteristics, Schmidt hammer R-value data, clay-sized mineral contents and magnetic properties of basal soil samples confirms significant contrasts in the degree of weathering above and below this limit. The weathering limit declines in altitude along former ice flow-lines and is confluent with morainic deposits on the eastern side of the Gap of Dunloe and on the western slopes of Skregbeg. This evidence supports the assertion that the high-level weathering limit is a periglacial trimline that marks the former maximum upper limit of the body of ice, which occupied this area of southwest Ireland during the LGM. This evidence, however, does not confute the notion that cold based, non-erosive plateau ice may have covered some or all of the upland surfaces that occur above the recorded weathering limits. Reconstruction of the former ice surface profile from periglacial trimline limits along three former flow lines yielded mean estimates for basal shear stress that ranged from 104.2 to 125.9 kPa. Although these values are high, they are within the range deemed normal for glaciers and ice sheets. The values suggest that the reconstructed areas of the ice cap were warm based and flowing on a bedrock substrate. This is supported by the geomorphological evidence of these areas, which shows that a landform – sediment association has developed consisting of zones of glacial scour and a thin, discontinuous drift cover. This contrasts with the glacial geomorphology of northern parts of the study area, where drift cover is largely continuous, and extensive in valley bottoms and on surrounding hillsides, and is associated with large lateral moraines.

Published
2004

34. Hypothalamic expression of thyroid hormone-activating and -inactivating enzyme genes in relation to photorefractoriness in birds and mammals.

Author

Watanabe T, Yamamura T, Watanabe M, Yasuo S, Nakao N, Dawson A, Ebihara S, and Yoshimura T

Subjects
Animals, Coturnix, Cricetinae, Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic physiology, In Situ Hybridization, Male, Phodopus, Photic Stimulation, Sparrows, Testis growth & development, Iodothyronine Deiodinase Type II, Birds metabolism, Hypothalamus enzymology, Iodide Peroxidase metabolism, Mammals metabolism, Photoperiod, Thyroid Hormones metabolism
Abstract

Photorefractoriness is the insensitivity of gonadal development to the stimulatory effects of long photoperiods in birds and to the inhibitory effects of short photoperiods in small mammals. Its molecular mechanism remains unknown. Recently, it has been shown that reciprocal expression of thyroid hormone-activating enzyme [type 2 deiodinase (Dio2)] and -inactivating enzyme [type 3 deiodinase (Dio3)] genes in the mediobasal hypothalamus is critical for photoperiodically induced gonadal growth. Since thyroid hormones are required not only for photoinduction, but also for the induction of photorefractoriness, we examined the expression of these genes in relation to photorefractoriness in birds and mammals. Transfer of birds to long photoperiods induced strong expression of Dio2. This was maintained in tree sparrow when they later became photorefractory, but decreased somewhat in quail. In hamsters, transfer to long photoperiods also induced strong expression of Dio2. High values were not maintained under long photoperiods, and, indeed, expression decreased at the same rate as in animals transferred to short photoperiods. There was no renewed expression of Dio2 associated with testicular growth as animals became refractory to short photoperiods. Expression of Dio3 was high under short photoperiods and low under long photoperiods in all the animals examined, except for the short photoperiod-refractory hamsters. Our present study revealed complex regulation of deiodinase genes in the photoinduction and photorefractory processes in birds and mammals. These gene changes may be involved in the regulation of photorefractoriness, as well as photoinduction.

Published
2007
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