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5. Reactions to the National Academies/Royal Society Report on Heritable Human Genome Editing.

Author

Angrist, Misha, Barrangou, Rodolphe, Baylis, Françoise, Brokowski, Carolyn, Burgio, Gaetan, Caplan, Arthur, Chapman, Carolyn Riley, Church, George M, Cook-Deegan, Robert, Cwik, Bryan, Doudna, Jennifer A, Evans, John H, Greely, Henry T, Hercher, Laura, Hurlbut, J Benjamin, Hynes, Richard O, Ishii, Tetsuya, Kiani, Samira, Lee, LaTasha Hoskins, Levrier, Guillaume, Liu, David R, Lunshof, Jeantine E, Macintosh, Kerry Lynn, Mathews, Debra JH, Meslin, Eric M, Mills, Peter HR, Montoliu, Lluis, Musunuru, Kiran, Nicol, Dianne, O'Neill, Helen, Qiu, Renzong, Ranisch, Robert, Sherkow, Jacob S, Soni, Sheetal, Terry, Sharon, Topol, Eric, Williamson, Robert, Zhang, Feng, and Davies, Kevin

Subjects
Germ Cells, Humans, Human Experimentation, Genome, Human, Academies and Institutes, Societies, Research Report, Gene Editing, Human Genome, Genetics
Abstract

In September 2020, a detailed report on Heritable Human Genome Editing was published. The report offers a translational pathway for the limited approval of germline editing under limited circumstances and assuming various criteria have been met. In this perspective, some three dozen experts from the fields of genome editing, medicine, bioethics, law, and related fields offer their candid reactions to the National Academies/Royal Society report, highlighting areas of support, omissions, disagreements, and priorities moving forward.

Published
2020

7. Insights into Land Plant Evolution Garnered from the Marchantia polymorpha Genome

Author

Bowman, John L, Kohchi, Takayuki, Yamato, Katsuyuki T, Jenkins, Jerry, Shu, Shengqiang, Ishizaki, Kimitsune, Yamaoka, Shohei, Nishihama, Ryuichi, Nakamura, Yasukazu, Berger, Frédéric, Adam, Catherine, Aki, Shiori Sugamata, Althoff, Felix, Araki, Takashi, Arteaga-Vazquez, Mario A, Balasubrmanian, Sureshkumar, Barry, Kerrie, Bauer, Diane, Boehm, Christian R, Briginshaw, Liam, Caballero-Perez, Juan, Catarino, Bruno, Chen, Feng, Chiyoda, Shota, Chovatia, Mansi, Davies, Kevin M, Delmans, Mihails, Demura, Taku, Dierschke, Tom, Dolan, Liam, Dorantes-Acosta, Ana E, Eklund, D Magnus, Florent, Stevie N, Flores-Sandoval, Eduardo, Fujiyama, Asao, Fukuzawa, Hideya, Galik, Bence, Grimanelli, Daniel, Grimwood, Jane, Grossniklaus, Ueli, Hamada, Takahiro, Haseloff, Jim, Hetherington, Alexander J, Higo, Asuka, Hirakawa, Yuki, Hundley, Hope N, Ikeda, Yoko, Inoue, Keisuke, Inoue, Shin-ichiro, Ishida, Sakiko, Jia, Qidong, Kakita, Mitsuru, Kanazawa, Takehiko, Kawai, Yosuke, Kawashima, Tomokazu, Kennedy, Megan, Kinose, Keita, Kinoshita, Toshinori, Kohara, Yuji, Koide, Eri, Komatsu, Kenji, Kopischke, Sarah, Kubo, Minoru, Kyozuka, Junko, Lagercrantz, Ulf, Lin, Shih-Shun, Lindquist, Erika, Lipzen, Anna M, Lu, Chia-Wei, De Luna, Efraín, Martienssen, Robert A, Minamino, Naoki, Mizutani, Masaharu, Mizutani, Miya, Mochizuki, Nobuyoshi, Monte, Isabel, Mosher, Rebecca, Nagasaki, Hideki, Nakagami, Hirofumi, Naramoto, Satoshi, Nishitani, Kazuhiko, Ohtani, Misato, Okamoto, Takashi, Okumura, Masaki, Phillips, Jeremy, Pollak, Bernardo, Reinders, Anke, Rövekamp, Moritz, Sano, Ryosuke, Sawa, Shinichiro, Schmid, Marc W, Shirakawa, Makoto, Solano, Roberto, Spunde, Alexander, Suetsugu, Noriyuki, Sugano, Sumio, Sugiyama, Akifumi, Sun, Rui, Suzuki, Yutaka, and Takenaka, Mizuki

Subjects
Biological Sciences, Genetics, Life on Land, Adaptation, Biological, Biological Evolution, Embryophyta, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Genome, Plant, Marchantia, Molecular Sequence Annotation, Signal Transduction, Transcription, Genetic, Marchantia polymorpha, auxin, charophycean algae, land plant evolution, sex chromosome, Medical and Health Sciences, Developmental Biology, Biological sciences, Biomedical and clinical sciences
Abstract

The evolution of land flora transformed the terrestrial environment. Land plants evolved from an ancestral charophycean alga from which they inherited developmental, biochemical, and cell biological attributes. Additional biochemical and physiological adaptations to land, and a life cycle with an alternation between multicellular haploid and diploid generations that facilitated efficient dispersal of desiccation tolerant spores, evolved in the ancestral land plant. We analyzed the genome of the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha, a member of a basal land plant lineage. Relative to charophycean algae, land plant genomes are characterized by genes encoding novel biochemical pathways, new phytohormone signaling pathways (notably auxin), expanded repertoires of signaling pathways, and increased diversity in some transcription factor families. Compared with other sequenced land plants, M. polymorpha exhibits low genetic redundancy in most regulatory pathways, with this portion of its genome resembling that predicted for the ancestral land plant. PAPERCLIP.

Published
2017

8. The Efficacy of Flipped Laboratory Multiperspective Videos in Skill Acquisition

Author

Davies, Kevin W.

Abstract

In recent years, video-based lectures have been increasingly used in education as part of flipped classroom approaches, adult education, distance learning, and other applications. Though approaches in video-based lectures have been widely studied, less has been reported in the development of approaches to teach relevant technical skills, such as laboratory techniques. This type of skill acquisition is made more complicated by the need to understand what a skilled person would be looking at, what they might be doing (while monitoring something else visually), and what subtle interplay these two might have. Here, we report a multiperspective video approach that allows a viewer to see both what a skilled person would be watching and doing while guiding the viewer's attention between these domains. We compare two cohorts of students (one faculty-trained in class, the other trained via this video-based approach) and examine how well each group performed a task with a clearly defined numerical "right answer." We find that both approaches were equivalent in fostering skill acquisition and that similar approaches should be valid in various space-separated teaching approaches (e.g., distance learning, flipped classrooms).

Published
2019

10. A phosphatase gene is linked to nectar dihydroxyacetone accumulation in mānuka (Leptospermum scoparium)

Author

Grierson, Ella R. P., primary, Thrimawithana, Amali H., additional, van Klink, John W., additional, Lewis, David H., additional, Carvajal, Ignacio, additional, Shiller, Jason, additional, Miller, Poppy, additional, Deroles, Simon C., additional, Clearwater, Michael J., additional, Davies, Kevin M., additional, Chagné, David, additional, and Schwinn, Kathy E., additional

Published
2024
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12. Painted flowers: Eluta generates pigment patterning in Antirrhinum.

Author

Moss, Sarah M. A., Zhou, Yanfei, Butelli, Eugenio, Waite, Chethi N., Yeh, Shin‐Mei, Cordiner, Sarah B., Harris, Nilangani N., Copsey, Lucy, Schwinn, Kathy E., Davies, Kevin M., Hudson, Andrew, Martin, Cathie, and Albert, Nick W.

Subjects
SNAPDRAGONS, GENES, MYB gene, PLANT pigments, FLOWERS, PIGMENTS
Abstract

Summary: In the early 1900s, Erwin Baur established Antirrhinum majus as a model system, identifying and characterising numerous flower colour variants. This included Picturatum/Eluta, which restricts the accumulation of magenta anthocyanin pigments, forming bullseye markings on the flower face.We identified the gene underlying the Eluta locus by transposon‐tagging, using an Antirrhinum line that spontaneously lost the nonsuppressive el phenotype. A candidate MYB repressor gene at this locus contained a CACTA transposable element. We subsequently identified plants where this element excised, reverting to a suppressive Eluta phenotype. El alleles inhibit expression of anthocyanin biosynthetic genes, confirming it to be a regulatory locus. The modes of action of Eluta were investigated by generating stable transgenic tobacco lines, biolistic transformation of Antirrhinum petals and promoter activation/repression assays.Eluta competes with MYB activators for promoter cis‐elements, and also by titrating essential cofactors (bHLH proteins) to reduce transcription of target genes. Eluta restricts the pigmentation established by the R2R3‐MYB factors, Rosea and Venosa, with the greatest repression on those parts of the petals where Eluta is most highly expressed.Baur questioned the origin of heredity units determining flower colour variation in cultivated A. majus. Our findings support introgression from wild species into cultivated varieties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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13. DWARF27 and CAROTENOID CLEAVAGE DIOXYGENASE 7 genes regulate release, germination and growth of gemma in Marchantia polymorpha.

Author

Jibran, Rubina, Tahir, Jibran, Andre, Christelle M., Janssen, Bart J., Drummond, Revel S. M., Albert, Nick W., Zhou, Yanfei, Davies, Kevin M., and Snowden, Kimberley C.

Subjects
GERMINATION, VESICULAR-arbuscular mycorrhizas, PLANT genes, GENES, STRIGOLACTONES
Abstract

Strigolactones (SLs), a class of carotenoid-derived hormones, play a crucial role in flowering plants by regulating underground communication with symbiotic arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AM) and controlling shoot and root architecture. While the functions of core SL genes have been characterized in many plants, their roles in non-tracheophyte plants like liverworts require further investigation. In this study, we employed the model liverwort species Marchantia polymorpha, which lacks detectable SL production and orthologs of key SL biosynthetic genes, including CAROTENOID CLEAVAGE DIOXYGENASE 8 (CCD8) and MORE AXILLARY GROWTH 1 (MAX1). However, it retains some SL pathway components, including DWARF27 (D27) and CCD7. To help elucidate the function of these remaining components in M. polymorpha, knockout mutants were generated for MpD27--1, MpD27--2 and MpCCD7. Phenotypic comparisons of these mutants with the wild-type control revealed a novel role for these genes in regulating the release of gemmae from the gemma cup and the germination and growth of gemmae in the dark. Mpd27--1, Mpd27--2, and Mpccd7 mutants showed lower transcript abundance of genes involved in photosynthesis, such as EARLY LIGHT INDUCED (ELI), and stress responses such as LATE EMBRYOGENESIS ABUNDANT (LEA) but exhibited higher transcript levels of ETHYLENE RESPONSE FACTORS (ERFs) and SL and carotenoid related genes, such as TERPENE SYNTHASE (TS), CCD7 and LECITHIN-RETINAL ACYL TRANSFERASE (LRAT). Furthermore, the mutants of M. polymorpha in the SL pathway exhibited increased contents of carotenoid. This unveils a previously unrecognized role for MpD27--1, MpD27--2 and MpCCD7 in controlling release, germination, and growth of gemmae in response to varying light conditions. These discoveries enhance our comprehension of the regulatory functions of SL biosynthesis genes in non-flowering plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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16. Adaptability, creativity and ingenuity in disaster education : curriculum challenges in healthcare provision

Author

Davies, Kevin and Kenkre, Joyce

Subjects
375
Abstract

By their very nature disasters are emotive, challenging and dynamic events. This thesis is focused on the education, training and preparedness of healthcare professionals for deployment to some of the most demanding and potentially dangerous areas of the world. Education action research forms the conceptual framework that underpins the articulation of this PhD by portfolio. This thesis explores, analyses and evaluates the evolution of a curriculum that has significantly enhanced the preparation of healthcare professionals within this domain. The assessment phase of this process involved the identification of a dichotomy between the essential preparation of healthcare professionals who had undergone predominantly field based training versus higher education based preparation; neither of which on their own adequately prepared the practitioner for deployment to the field. This subsequently informed the curriculum planning process which was underpinned by the development of an eclectic curriculum focussed on constructivist and situated approaches. A cognitive apprenticeship framework was utilised to articulate the curriculum incorporating modelling of expertise in practice and the progressive Grafting of knowledge and skills for the most demanding of situations that practitioners may face in the field. The three projects presented here centre on the preamble to and evolution of the curriculum, the evaluation of the education strategies employed within the curriculum and students construction of requisite knowledge and skills. The third project focuses on the evaluation of the mandatory field placement where students apply the knowledge constructed in the domains of leadership, strategic and operational management and rigorous evaluation of the healthcare delivered. Graduates of this programme have deployed to every continent on the globe. Their significant contribution in the field of disaster healthcare is evidenced by the multinational roles that they are undertaking. In the true spirit and recursive and cyclical nature of action research these practitioners continue to inform the evolution of this curriculum.

Published
2009

24. The renaissance and enlightenment of Marchantia as a model system

Author

Bowman, John L, Arteaga-Vazquez, Mario, Berger, Frederic, Briginshaw, Liam N, Carella, Philip, Aguilar-Cruz, Adolfo, Davies, Kevin M, Dierschke, Tom, Dolan, Liam, Dorantes-Acosta, Ana E, Fisher, Tom J, Flores-Sandoval, Eduardo, Futagami, Kazutaka, Ishizaki, Kimitsune, Jibran, Rubina, Kanazawa, Takehiko, Kato, Hirotaka, Kohchi, Takayuki, Levins, Jonathan, Lin, Shih-Shun, Nakagami, Hirofumi, Nishihama, Ryuichi, Romani, Facundo, Schornack, Sebastian, Tanizawa, Yasuhiro, Tsuzuki, Masayuki, Ueda, Takashi, Watanabe, Yuichiro, Yamato, Katsuyuki T, Zachgo, Sabine, Bowman, John L [0000-0001-7347-3691], Arteaga-Vazquez, Mario [0000-0002-9435-0049], Berger, Frederic [0000-0002-3609-8260], Briginshaw, Liam N [0000-0003-1052-6463], Carella, Philip [0000-0002-5467-7290], Aguilar-Cruz, Adolfo [0000-0002-6709-3091], Davies, Kevin M [0000-0001-5652-5015], Dierschke, Tom [0000-0002-3547-5765], Dolan, Liam [0000-0003-1206-7096], Dorantes-Acosta, Ana E [0000-0003-0611-8758], Fisher, Tom J [0000-0002-6704-5612], Flores-Sandoval, Eduardo [0000-0002-4656-2522], Futagami, Kazutaka [0000-0002-3321-6508], Ishizaki, Kimitsune [0000-0003-0504-8196], Jibran, Rubina [0000-0002-4709-4281], Kanazawa, Takehiko [0000-0003-0472-2273], Kato, Hirotaka [0000-0002-8521-1450], Kohchi, Takayuki [0000-0002-9712-4872], Levins, Jonathan [0000-0002-8394-8723], Lin, Shih-Shun [0000-0002-7295-5004], Nakagami, Hirofumi [0000-0003-2569-7062], Nishihama, Ryuichi [0000-0002-7032-732X], Romani, Facundo [0000-0003-3954-6740], Schornack, Sebastian [0000-0002-7836-5881], Tanizawa, Yasuhiro [0000-0002-6294-3309], Tsuzuki, Masayuki [0000-0002-0642-1143], Ueda, Takashi [0000-0002-5190-892X], Watanabe, Yuichiro [0000-0002-7139-4903], Yamato, Katsuyuki T [0000-0002-7130-0911], Zachgo, Sabine [0000-0002-6666-1499], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
Marchantia, Embryophyta, Cell Biology, Plant Science, Germ Cells, Plant, Biological Evolution, Phylogeny
Abstract

The liverwort Marchantia polymorpha has been utilized as a model for biological studies since the 18th century. In the past few decades, there has been a Renaissance in its utilization in genomic and genetic approaches to investigating physiological, developmental, and evolutionary aspects of land plant biology. The reasons for its adoption are similar to those of other genetic models, e.g. simple cultivation, ready access via its worldwide distribution, ease of crossing, facile genetics, and more recently, efficient transformation, genome editing, and genomic resources. The haploid gametophyte dominant life cycle of M. polymorpha is conducive to forward genetic approaches. The lack of ancient whole-genome duplications within liverworts facilitates reverse genetic approaches, and possibly related to this genomic stability, liverworts possess sex chromosomes that evolved in the ancestral liverwort. As a representative of one of the three bryophyte lineages, its phylogenetic position allows comparative approaches to provide insights into ancestral land plants. Given the karyotype and genome stability within liverworts, the resources developed for M. polymorpha have facilitated the development of related species as models for biological processes lacking in M. polymorpha.

Published
2022

36. A manually annotated Actinidia chinensis var. chinensis (kiwifruit) genome highlights the challenges associated with draft genomes and gene prediction in plants

Author

Pilkington, Sarah M., Crowhurst, Ross, Hilario, Elena, Nardozza, Simona, Fraser, Lena, Peng, Yongyan, Gunaseelan, Kularajathevan, Simpson, Robert, Tahir, Jibran, Deroles, Simon C., Templeton, Kerry, Luo, Zhiwei, Davy, Marcus, Cheng, Canhong, McNeilage, Mark, Scaglione, Davide, Liu, Yifei, Zhang, Qiong, Datson, Paul, De Silva, Nihal, Gardiner, Susan E., Bassett, Heather, Chagné, David, McCallum, John, Dzierzon, Helge, Deng, Cecilia, Wang, Yen-Yi, Barron, Lorna, Manako, Kelvina, Bowen, Judith, Foster, Toshi M., Erridge, Zoe A., Tiffin, Heather, Waite, Chethi N., Davies, Kevin M., Grierson, Ella P., Laing, William A., Kirk, Rebecca, Chen, Xiuyin, Wood, Marion, Montefiori, Mirco, Brummell, David A., Schwinn, Kathy E., Catanach, Andrew, Fullerton, Christina, Li, Dawei, Meiyalaghan, Sathiyamoorthy, Nieuwenhuizen, Niels, Read, Nicola, Prakash, Roneel, Hunter, Don, Zhang, Huaibi, McKenzie, Marian, Knäbel, Mareike, Harris, Alastair, Allan, Andrew C., Gleave, Andrew, Chen, Angela, Janssen, Bart J., Plunkett, Blue, Ampomah-Dwamena, Charles, Voogd, Charlotte, Leif, Davin, Lafferty, Declan, Souleyre, Edwige J. F., Varkonyi-Gasic, Erika, Gambi, Francesco, Hanley, Jenny, Yao, Jia-Long, Cheung, Joey, David, Karine M., Warren, Ben, Marsh, Ken, Snowden, Kimberley C., Lin-Wang, Kui, Brian, Lara, Martinez-Sanchez, Marcela, Wang, Mindy, Ileperuma, Nadeesha, Macnee, Nikolai, Campin, Robert, McAtee, Peter, Drummond, Revel S. M., Espley, Richard V., Ireland, Hilary S., Wu, Rongmei, Atkinson, Ross G., Karunairetnam, Sakuntala, Bulley, Sean, Chunkath, Shayhan, Hanley, Zac, Storey, Roy, Thrimawithana, Amali H., Thomson, Susan, David, Charles, Testolin, Raffaele, Huang, Hongwen, Hellens, Roger P., and Schaffer, Robert J.

Published
2018
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38. Evolution and function of red pigmentation in land plants

Author

Davies, Kevin M, primary, Landi, Marco, additional, van Klink, John W, additional, Schwinn, Kathy E, additional, Brummell, David A, additional, Albert, Nick W, additional, Chagné, David, additional, Jibran, Rubina, additional, Kulshrestha, Samarth, additional, Zhou, Yanfei, additional, and Bowman, John L, additional

Published
2022
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39. The renaissance and enlightenment ofMarchantiaas a model system

Author

Bowman, John L, primary, Arteaga-Vazquez, Mario, additional, Berger, Frederic, additional, Briginshaw, Liam N, additional, Carella, Philip, additional, Aguilar-Cruz, Adolfo, additional, Davies, Kevin M, additional, Dierschke, Tom, additional, Dolan, Liam, additional, Dorantes-Acosta, Ana E, additional, Fisher, Tom J, additional, Flores-Sandoval, Eduardo, additional, Futagami, Kazutaka, additional, Ishizaki, Kimitsune, additional, Jibran, Rubina, additional, Kanazawa, Takehiko, additional, Kato, Hirotaka, additional, Kohchi, Takayuki, additional, Levins, Jonathan, additional, Lin, Shih-Shun, additional, Nakagami, Hirofumi, additional, Nishihama, Ryuichi, additional, Romani, Facundo, additional, Schornack, Sebastian, additional, Tanizawa, Yasuhiro, additional, Tsuzuki, Masayuki, additional, Ueda, Takashi, additional, Watanabe, Yuichiro, additional, Yamato, Katsuyuki T, additional, and Zachgo, Sabine, additional

Published
2022
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43. Flavonoids – flowers, fruit, forage and the future.

Author

Albert, Nick W., Lafferty, Declan J., Moss, Sarah M. A., and Davies, Kevin M.

Subjects
FLAVONOIDS, METABOLITES, CHALCONES, PLANT breeding, CULTIVARS, PLANT protection
Abstract

Flavonoids are plant-specific secondary metabolites that arose early during land-plant colonisation, most likely evolving for protection from UV-B and other abiotic stresses. As plants increased in complexity, so too did the diversity of flavonoid compounds produced and their physiological roles. The most conspicuous are the pigments, including yellow aurones and chalcones, and the red/purple/blue anthocyanins, which provide colours to flowers, fruits and foliage. Anthocyanins have been particularly well studied, prompted by the ease of identifying mutants of genes involved in biosynthesis or regulation, providing an important model system to study fundamental aspects of genetics, gene regulation and biochemistry. This has included identifying the first plant transcription factor, and later resolving how multiple classes of transcription factor coordinate in regulating the production of various flavonoid classes – each with different activities and produced at differing developmental stages. In addition, dietary flavonoids from fruits/vegetables and forage confer human- and animal-health benefits, respectively. This has prompted strong interest in generating new plant varieties with increased flavonoid content through both traditional breeding and plant biotechnology. Gene-editing technologies provide new opportunities to study how flavonoids are regulated and produced and to improve the flavonoid content of flowers, fruits, vegetables and forages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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