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2. Effectiveness of a nurse-delivered (FOCUS+) and a web-based (iFOCUS) psychoeducational intervention for people with advanced cancer and their family caregivers (DIAdIC): study protocol for an international randomized controlled trial

Author

Matthys, Orphé, De Vleminck, Aline, Dierickx, Sigrid, Deliens, Luc, Van Goethem, Vincent, Lapeire, Lore, Groenvold, Mogens, Lund, Line, Arnfeldt, Caroline Moeller, Sengeloev, Lisa, Pappot, Helle, Johnsen, Anna Thit, Guerin, Suzanne, Larkin, Philip J., Jordan, Catherine, Connolly, Michael, D’Alton, Paul, Costantini, Massimo, Di Leo, Silvia, Guberti, Monica, Turola, Elena, van der Heide, Agnes, Witkamp, Erika, Rietjens, Judith, van der Wel, Maaike, Brazil, Kevin, Prue, Gillian, Reid, Joanne, Scott, David, Bristowe, Katherine, Harding, Richard, Normand, Charles, May, Peter, Cronin, Catherine, Northouse, Laurel, Hudson, Peter, and Cohen, Joachim

Published
2021
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3. ISO observations of spirals: modelling the FIR emission

Author

Bianchi, Simone, Alton, Paul B., and Davies, Jonathan I.

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

ISO observations at 200 micron have modified our view of the dust component in spiral galaxies. For a sample of seven resolved spirals we have retrieved a mean temperature of 20K, about 10K lower than previous estimates based on IRAS data at shorter wavelengths. Because of the steep dependence of far-infrared emission on the dust temperature, the dust masses inferred from ISO fluxes are a factor of 10 higher than those derived from IRAS data only, leading to gas-to-dust ratios close to the value observed in the Galaxy. The scale-length of the 200 micron emission is larger than for the IRAS 100 micron emission, with colder dust at larger distances from the galactic centre, as expected if the interstellar radiation field is the main source of dust heating. The 200 micron scale-length is also larger than the optical, for all the galaxies in the sample. This suggests that the dust distribution is more extended than that of the stars.A model of the dust heating is needed to derive the parameters of the dust distribution from the FIR emission. Therefore, we have adapted an existing radiative transfer code to deal with dust emission. Simulated maps of the temperature distribution within the dust disk and of the dust emission at any wavelength can be produced. The stellar spectral energy distribution is derived from observations in the ultraviolet, optical and near infrared. The parameters of the dust distribution (scale-lengths and optical depth) are chosen to reproduce the observed characteristics of the FIR emission, i.e. the shape of the spectrum, the flux and the spatial distribution. We describe the application of the model to one of the galaxies in the sample, NGC 6946., Comment: 6 pages, 5 figures. Contribution to the proceedings of the workshop "ISO Beyond Point Sources" held at VILSPA 14-17 September 1999

Published
1999

4. Effects of Clumping on the Observed Properties of Dusty Galaxies

Author

Bianchi, Simone, Ferrara, Andrea, Davies, Jon, and Alton, Paul

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

We present Monte Carlo radiative transfer simulations for spiral galaxies modelled as a stellar disk and a two-phase clumpy dust distribution. We divide the volume occupied by the dust into a three-dimensional grid and assign each cell a clump or smooth medium status. Cell dimension, clump dust mass and spatial distribution are derived from the observed properties of Giant Molecular Clouds and molecular gas in the Galaxy. We produce models for several values of the optical depth and fraction of the interstellar medium residing in clumps. As a general result, clumpy models are less opaque than the corresponding homogeneous models. For the adopted parameters, the increase in the fraction of energy that escapes the disk is moderate, resulting in surface brightness profiles that are less than one magnitude brighter than those of the homogeneous models. The effects of clumping are larger for edge-on views of the disk. This is in contrast with previous preliminary results for clumping in the literature. We show how differences arise from the different parametrisation and clump distribution adopted. We also consider models in which a fraction of the stellar radiation is emitted within the clumps. In this case, galaxies are less transparent than in the case when only dust is clumped. The opacity can be even higher than in the homogeneous case, depending on the fraction of embedded stellar emission. We point out the implications of the results for the determination of the opacity and dust mass of spiral galaxies., Comment: 11 pages, 8 figures, MNRAS accepted, also available at http://www.arcetri.astro.it/~sbianchi/clumping.html

Published
1999
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5. Dust Emissivity in the Far-Infrared

Author

Bianchi, Simone, Davies, Jonathan I., and Alton, Paul B.

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

We have derived the dust emissivity in the Far-Infrared (FIR) using data available in the literature. We use two wavelength dependences derived from spectra of Galactic FIR emission (Reach et al. 1995). A value for the emissivity, normalised to the extinction efficiency in the V band, has been retrieved from maps of Galactic FIR emission, dust temperature and extinction (Schlegel et al. 1998). Our results are similar to other measurements in the Galaxy but only marginally consistent with the widely quoted values of Hildebrand (1983) derived on one reflection nebula. The discrepancy with measurements on other reflection nebulae (Casey 1991) is higher and suggests a different grain composition in these environments with respect to the diffuse interstellar medium. We measure dust masses for a sample of six spiral galaxies with FIR observations and obtain gas-to-dust ratios close to the Galactic value., Comment: 5 pages, 1 ps file, A&A letter accepted

Published
1999

7. A polarimetry study of starburst galaxies

Author

Alton, Paul

Subjects
523.01, Astrophysics
Abstract

Optical imaging polarimetry has been carried out for a number of starburst galaxies under various morphological classifications. In several cases, kpc-scale reflection nebulae are detected which arise from dust grains scattering starburst radiation towards the observer. In general, the scattering medium is displaced up to several kpc from the current star- forming environment and in one case, the dust distribution extends above and below the galactic disk in a manner reminiscent of M82. It is now well established that galactic-scale outflows (superwinds) are prevalent in starburst galaxies and it is tempting to attribute the anomalous dust distributions detected in this thesis with these powerful processes. Furthermore, there is increasing evidence that tidal encounters initiate starburst activity and in some cases a dynamic event of this kind may also be responsible for the observed distribution of scattering material. Mie scattering models were constructed for two of the objects observed in this work. An optically-thin approximation was used which, for many plausible distributions of the dust along the line-of-sight, can be shown to be roughly valid. Although the estimates derived from this technique have a range of values, in all cases the dust component detected in scattered light appears to be at least an order of magnitude more massive than the amount of FIR-emitting dust derived from IRAS data. This is not too surprising - the material detected via polarimetry is probably too cold for IRAS which is sensitive to dust warmer than about 30-50 K.

Published
1996

8. High rates of psychological distress, mental health diagnoses and suicide attempts in people with chronic kidney disease in Ireland.

Author

Cogley, Clodagh, Bramham, Jessica, Bramham, Kate, Smith, Aoife, Holian, John, O'Riordan, Aisling, Teh, Jia Wei, Conlon, Peter, Hale, Siobhan Mac, and D'Alton, Paul

Subjects
ATTEMPTED suicide, CHRONIC kidney failure, PSYCHOLOGICAL distress, MENTAL health, SOCIAL media
Abstract

Background People with chronic kidney disease (CKD) experience high levels of psychological distress, which is associated with higher mortality and adverse health outcomes. Little is known about the rates of a range of mental health difficulties or rates of suicide attempts in people with CKD. Methods Individuals with CKD (n  = 268; age range 18–94 years, mean = 49.96 years) on haemodialysis (n  = 79), peritoneal dialysis (n  = 46), transplant recipients (n  = 84) and who were not on renal replacement therapy (RRT; n  = 59) were recruited through the Irish Kidney Association social media pages and three Irish hospitals. Participants completed surveys to gather demographics and mental health histories, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the 12-item Short Form Health Survey (SF-12) to measure health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Results A total of 23.5% of participants self-reported they had received a mental health diagnosis, with depression (14.5%) and anxiety (14.2%) being the most common, while 26.4% of participants had experienced suicidal ideation and 9.3% had attempted suicide. Using a clinical cut-off ≥8 on the HADS subscales, current levels of clinically significant anxiety and depression were 50.7% and 35.4%, respectively. Depression levels were slightly higher for those on haemodialysis compared with those with a transplant and those not on RRT. Depression, anxiety and having a mental health diagnosis were all associated with lower HRQoL. Conclusions People with CKD in Ireland experience high levels of psychological distress, mental health difficulties, suicidal ideation and suicide attempts. The identification of and intervention for mental health difficulties in CKD should be prioritised in clinical care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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13. Effectiveness of a nurse-delivered (FOCUS plus ) and a web-based (iFOCUS) psychoeducational intervention for people with advanced cancer and their family caregivers (DIAdIC):study protocol for an international randomized controlled trial

Author

Matthys, Orphe, De Vleminck, Aline, Dierickx, Sigrid, Deliens, Luc, Van Goethem, Vincent, Lapeire, Lore, Grønvold, Mogens, Lund, Line, Arnfeldt, Caroline Moeller, Sengeløv, Lisa, Pappot, Helle, Johnsen, Anna Thit, Guerin, Suzanne, Larkin, Philip J., Jordan, Catherine, Connolly, Michael, D'Alton, Paul, Costantini, Massimo, Di Leo, Silvia, Guberti, Monica, Turola, Elena, van der Heide, Agnes, Witkamp, Erika, Rietjens, Judith, van der Wel, Maaike, Brazil, Kevin, Prue, Gillian, Reid, Joanne, Scott, David, Bristowe, Katherine, Harding, Richard, Normand, Charles, May, Peter, Cronin, Catherine, Northouse, Laurel, Hudson, Peter, Cohen, Joachim, Matthys, Orphe, De Vleminck, Aline, Dierickx, Sigrid, Deliens, Luc, Van Goethem, Vincent, Lapeire, Lore, Grønvold, Mogens, Lund, Line, Arnfeldt, Caroline Moeller, Sengeløv, Lisa, Pappot, Helle, Johnsen, Anna Thit, Guerin, Suzanne, Larkin, Philip J., Jordan, Catherine, Connolly, Michael, D'Alton, Paul, Costantini, Massimo, Di Leo, Silvia, Guberti, Monica, Turola, Elena, van der Heide, Agnes, Witkamp, Erika, Rietjens, Judith, van der Wel, Maaike, Brazil, Kevin, Prue, Gillian, Reid, Joanne, Scott, David, Bristowe, Katherine, Harding, Richard, Normand, Charles, May, Peter, Cronin, Catherine, Northouse, Laurel, Hudson, Peter, and Cohen, Joachim

Published
2021

14. Effectiveness of a nurse-delivered (FOCUS+) and a web-based (iFOCUS) psychoeducational intervention for people with advanced cancer and their family caregivers (DIAdIC):study protocol for an international randomized controlled trial

Author

Matthys, Orphé, De Vleminck, Aline, Dierickx, Sigrid, Deliens, Luc, Van Goethem, Vincent, Lapeire, Lore, Groenvold, Mogens, Lund, Line, Arnfeldt, Caroline Moeller, Sengeloev, Lisa, Pappot, Helle, Johnsen, Anna Thit, Guerin, Suzanne, Larkin, Philip J., Jordan, Catherine, Connolly, Michael, D’Alton, Paul, Costantini, Massimo, Di Leo, Silvia, Guberti, Monica, Turola, Elena, van der Heide, Agnes, Witkamp, Erika, Rietjens, Judith, van der Wel, Maaike, Brazil, Kevin, Prue, Gillian, Reid, Joanne, Scott, David, Bristowe, Katherine, Harding, Richard, Normand, Charles, May, Peter, Cronin, Catherine, Northouse, Laurel, Hudson, Peter, Cohen, Joachim, Matthys, Orphé, De Vleminck, Aline, Dierickx, Sigrid, Deliens, Luc, Van Goethem, Vincent, Lapeire, Lore, Groenvold, Mogens, Lund, Line, Arnfeldt, Caroline Moeller, Sengeloev, Lisa, Pappot, Helle, Johnsen, Anna Thit, Guerin, Suzanne, Larkin, Philip J., Jordan, Catherine, Connolly, Michael, D’Alton, Paul, Costantini, Massimo, Di Leo, Silvia, Guberti, Monica, Turola, Elena, van der Heide, Agnes, Witkamp, Erika, Rietjens, Judith, van der Wel, Maaike, Brazil, Kevin, Prue, Gillian, Reid, Joanne, Scott, David, Bristowe, Katherine, Harding, Richard, Normand, Charles, May, Peter, Cronin, Catherine, Northouse, Laurel, Hudson, Peter, and Cohen, Joachim

Abstract

Background: Worldwide, millions of people with advanced cancer and their family caregivers are experiencing physical and psychological distress. Psychosocial support and education can reduce distress and prevent avoidable healthcare resource use. To date, we lack knowledge from large-scale studies on which interventions generate positive outcomes for people with cancer and their informal caregivers’ quality of life. This protocol describes the DIAdIC study that will evaluate the effectiveness of two psychosocial and educational interventions aimed at improving patient-family caregiver dyads’ emotional functioning and self-efficacy. Methods: We will conduct an international multicenter three-arm randomized controlled trial in Belgium, Denmark, Ireland, Italy, The Netherlands, and the United Kingdom. In each country, 156 dyads (936 in total) of people with advanced cancer and their family caregiver will be randomized to one of the study arms: 1) a nurse-led face-to-face intervention (FOCUS+), 2) a web-based intervention (iFOCUS) or 3) a control group (care as usual). The two interventions offer tailored psychoeducational support for patient-family caregiver dyads. The nurse-led face-to-face intervention consists of two home visits and one online video session and the web-based intervention is completed independently by the patient-family caregiver dyad in four online sessions. The interventions are based on the FOCUS intervention, developed in the USA, that addresses five core components: family involvement, optimistic outlook, coping effectiveness, uncertainty reduction, and symptom management. The FOCUS intervention will be adapted to the European context. The primary outcomes are emotional functioning and self-efficacy of the patient and the family caregiver, respectively. The secondary outcomes are quality of life, benefits of illness, coping, dyadic communication, and ways of giving support of the patient and family caregiver. Discuss

Published
2021

15. Letters.

Author

Gotzamanis, Dimitri, Crawford, Bob, Northover, Gregory, Darby, Joe, Sullivan, Charles, Mensch, Henry, Campbell, Theo, Alton, Paul, Stevenson, Richard, Margolin, William, Collins, Lisa, Morgan, Fred, Apicello, Michael, Hoagland, Brock, Espinoza, Joe, Hopkins, Steve, Johnston, William, Hillyer, G., Romohr, Kim, and B., John

Subjects
COIN collecting, POLITICAL corruption, PRICES, FINANCIAL crises
Published
2022

16. Simulations of global evapotranspiration using semiempirical and mechanistic schemes of plant hydrology

Author

Alton, Paul, Fisher, Rosie, Los, Sietse, and Williams, Mathew

Subjects
Global and Planetary Change, Atmospheric Science, GROSS PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY, EDDY COVARIANCE, STOMATAL CONDUCTANCE, LEAF-AREA INDEX, DOUGLAS-FIR, CARBON-DIOXIDE, Environmental Science(all), USE EFFICIENCY, NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION, Environmental Chemistry, WATER-VAPOR EXCHANGE, SURFACE PARAMETERIZATION SIB2
Abstract

Some of the plant hydrology schemes implemented in global land surface models (LSMs) are relatively simple. This is despite evidence that simulated carbon, water, and energy fluxes are sensitive to both the availability of soil moisture and the formulation of plant hydrology. The current study introduces a mechanistic scheme of plant hydrology (soil-plant-atmosphere (SPA)) into a global LSM (Joint U. K. Land Environmental Simulator (JULES)) in order to compare with a traditional, semiempirical plant hydrology scheme (SiB) based on the Ball-Berry stomatal relation. The SPA scheme simulates explicitly the physical processes which change leaf water potential and account for the flow of water through the soil-plant-atmosphere media. Using both plant hydrology schemes, the annually averaged global evaporation-to-precipitation ratio is 0.58+/-0.9. The annually averaged global transpiration-to-precipitation ratio is 0.22+/-0.09 and 0.28+/-0.08 using the SPA and SiB plant hydrology schemes, respectively. The output from the two plant hydrology schemes typically differs less than the systematic errors associated with the different observational data sets (eddy covariance fluxes, continental runoff, etc.) employed to calibrate and validate the LSM. However, SPA is more conservative with respect to plant water use efficiency compared to SiB. This is partly due to the exhaustion of stored leaf water (not accounted for with the SiB scheme) which acts to limit afternoon transpiration when diurnal vapor pressure deficit is greatest. The trend in global runoff simulated with both plant hydrology schemes for the latter half of the 20th century (-1% per 50 years) agrees well with recent observational estimates that sample 80% of the global runoff network.

Published
2009

17. What do you think of NGC’s new 10-point grading system? Is it good for the collector?

Author

Werner, Gary, Danbury, C. B., Lawlor, Patrick, Lescowitch, Denny, Waychison, William, Fort Worth, Tom Y., Alton, Paul, Lavertu, Lorne, Olson, Ken, Nix, Tom, Katz, Martin, Myers, Tom, Eckberg, Bill, Huff, Robert, Colorado, Rusty, Hintz, Ken, Stoffel, Jack, Michalski, Joe, and Miles, Kiprian

Subjects
COIN collecting, BASEBALL cards, PRICES, BUSINESS enterprises, COIN grading, POINT cloud
Published
2023

18. Rovers pin hopes on home leg

Author

Alton, Paul

Subjects
General interest
Abstract

SOUTHEND UNITED 0 DONCASTER ROVERS 0 DONCASTER Rovers will be hoping home advantage can make all the difference next Friday in the League One play-off semi-final second leg after they [...]

Published
2008

20. ISO Long Wavelength Spectrograph Observations of Cold Dust in Galaxies

Author

Trewhella, Matthew, Davies, Jonathon I., Alton, Paul B., Bianchi, Simone, and Madore, Barry F.

Abstract

We describe observations of five nearby galaxies obtained using the Long Wavelength Spectrograph (LWS) on the Infrared Space Observatory (ISO). We observed five galaxies, using spectrograph apertures positioned at the galactic center and in the outskirts of the disk, to compare the spectral energy distribution of the emitting dust at different positions. The central spectra are typical of those inferred previously from IRAS data; peaking at about 100 mm with estimated dust temperatures of Td = 30-35 K. However, there is a rapid change in the spectral energy distribution with increasing galactocentric distance. In the outer regions the spectra are flat, or still rising, out to 197mm, indicating a predominantly cold dust component with Td < 20 K. In the central regions, the inferred cold dust component is 2-10 times more massive than the warm dust, and it increasingly dominates the mass and spectral energy distribution in the outer regions. We discuss reasons for believing that emission beyond [?]150 mm in disk galaxies is associated with a separate component of dust with an extended distribution that may be associated with a possible molecular halo.

Published
2000

21. Dust emissivity in the far-infrared

Author

Simone Bianchi, Davies, Jonathan I., and Alton, Paul B.

Subjects
Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics (astro-ph), FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract

We have derived the dust emissivity in the Far-Infrared (FIR) using data available in the literature. We use two wavelength dependences derived from spectra of Galactic FIR emission (Reach et al. 1995). A value for the emissivity, normalised to the extinction efficiency in the V band, has been retrieved from maps of Galactic FIR emission, dust temperature and extinction (Schlegel et al. 1998). Our results are similar to other measurements in the Galaxy but only marginally consistent with the widely quoted values of Hildebrand (1983) derived on one reflection nebula. The discrepancy with measurements on other reflection nebulae (Casey 1991) is higher and suggests a different grain composition in these environments with respect to the diffuse interstellar medium. We measure dust masses for a sample of six spiral galaxies with FIR observations and obtain gas-to-dust ratios close to the Galactic value., 5 pages, 1 ps file, A&A letter accepted

22. Additional file 1 of Effectiveness of a nurse-delivered (FOCUS+) and a web-based (iFOCUS) psychoeducational intervention for people with advanced cancer and their family caregivers (DIAdIC): study protocol for an international randomized controlled trial

Author

Matthys, Orph��, De Vleminck, Aline, Dierickx, Sigrid, Deliens, Luc, Van Goethem, Vincent, Lapeire, Lore, Groenvold, Mogens, Lund, Line, Arnfeldt, Caroline Moeller, Sengeloev, Lisa, Pappot, Helle, Johnsen, Anna Thit, Guerin, Suzanne, Larkin, Philip J., Jordan, Catherine, Connolly, Michael, D���Alton, Paul, Costantini, Massimo, Di Leo, Silvia, Guberti, Monica, Turola, Elena, van der Heide, Agnes, Witkamp, Erika, Rietjens, Judith, van der Wel, Maaike, Brazil, Kevin, Prue, Gillian, Reid, Joanne, Scott, David, Bristowe, Katherine, Harding, Richard, Normand, Charles, May, Peter, Cronin, Catherine, Northouse, Laurel, Hudson, Peter, and Cohen, Joachim

Subjects
Data_FILES, 3. Good health
Abstract

Additional file 1.

23. Additional file 1 of Effectiveness of a nurse-delivered (FOCUS+) and a web-based (iFOCUS) psychoeducational intervention for people with advanced cancer and their family caregivers (DIAdIC): study protocol for an international randomized controlled trial

Author

Matthys, Orph��, De Vleminck, Aline, Dierickx, Sigrid, Deliens, Luc, Van Goethem, Vincent, Lapeire, Lore, Groenvold, Mogens, Lund, Line, Arnfeldt, Caroline Moeller, Sengeloev, Lisa, Pappot, Helle, Johnsen, Anna Thit, Guerin, Suzanne, Larkin, Philip J., Jordan, Catherine, Connolly, Michael, D���Alton, Paul, Costantini, Massimo, Di Leo, Silvia, Guberti, Monica, Turola, Elena, van der Heide, Agnes, Witkamp, Erika, Rietjens, Judith, van der Wel, Maaike, Brazil, Kevin, Prue, Gillian, Reid, Joanne, Scott, David, Bristowe, Katherine, Harding, Richard, Normand, Charles, May, Peter, Cronin, Catherine, Northouse, Laurel, Hudson, Peter, and Cohen, Joachim

Subjects
Data_FILES, 3. Good health
Abstract

Additional file 1.

24. ISO observations of spirals: modelling the FIR emission

Author

Laureijs, R. J., Leech, K., Kessler, M. F., Bianchi, Simone, Alton, Paul B., Davies, Jonathan Ivor, Laureijs, R. J., Leech, K., Kessler, M. F., Bianchi, Simone, Alton, Paul B., and Davies, Jonathan Ivor

Abstract

ISO observations at 200micron have modified our view of the dust component in spiral galaxies. For a sample of seven resolved spirals we have retrieved a mean temperature of 20K, about 10K lower than previous estimates based on IRAS data at shorter wavelengths. Because of the steep dependence of far-infrared emission on the dust temperature, the dust masses inferred from ISO fluxes are a factor of 10 higher than those derived from IRAS data only, leading to gas-to-dust ratios close to the value observed in the Galaxy. The scale-length of the 200micron emission is larger than for the IRAS 100micron emission, with colder dust at larger distances from the galactic centre, as expected if the interstellar radiation field is the main source of dust heating. The 200micron scale-length is also larger than the optical, for all the galaxies in the sample. This suggests that the dust distribution is more extended than that of the stars. A model of the dust heating is needed to derive the parameters of the dust distribution from the FIR emission. Therefore, we have adapted an existing radiative transfer code to deal with dust emission. Simulated maps of the temperature distribution within the dust disk and of the dust emission at any wavelength can be produced. The stellar spectral energy distribution is derived from observations in the ultraviolet, optical and near infrared. The parameters of the dust distribution (scale-lengths and optical depth) are chosen to reproduce the observed characteristics of the FIR emission, i.e. the shape of the spectrum, the flux and the spatial distribution. We describe the application of the model to one of the galaxies in the sample, NGC~6946.

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