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Neste trabalho, apresento um recorte de minha Tese (Alberton, 2021), na qual tive por objetivo analisar os discursos de professores de Matemática na perspectiva de Etnomatemática Surda. Mostro o conceito “Etnomatemática Surda”, valorizando a construção dos conhecimentos matemáticos em comunidades surdas, articulada à experiência visual e à língua de sinais. Foi desenvolvido o projeto de extensão Educação Matemática para Surdos, realizado em duas edições, com professores de surdos. As análises foram feitas a partir da noção de discurso desenvolvida por Michel Foucault. Foi possível reconhecer a Etnomatemática Surda a partir de narrativas que evidenciam a valorização das questões culturais na produção do conhecimento matemático. Como resultado, apresento excertos das narrativas dos professores, nos quais foi recorrente a fala sobre a importância da experiência visual dos alunos surdos e da língua de sinais na construção do conhecimento matemático.

Diversity and Inclusion has been on the agenda of organizations in recent decades, pressured by civil society movements and the need for companies to operate in global markets. Even so, there were no significant advances in the panorama of diversity and inclusion in the labor market, as prejudice against the unknown and the different remains. The aim of this study was to analyze strategies for addressing unconscious biases in Diversity and Inclusion programs in the Big Four's workplace. The research carried out a documental analysis using the descriptive content analysis technique and data collection took place through access to publicly available corporate materials between the years 2018 and 2022. However, the first reports included in the research were from the year 2013, beginning of electronic disclosure. Among the results of this study, it was possible to identify that neuroscience is presented as a theoretical basis and that training has been the most used strategy for this approach. The top leadership of the companies has publicly committed to Diversity and Inclusion goals and that the four companies seek to achieve levels of diversity also in the composition of leadership at all levels.

Cancer-related fatigue is one of the symptoms that most impacts the quality of life of patients undergoing treatment for breast cancer. Yoga has been used as a non pharmacological intervention to alleviate symptoms during breast cancer treatment. However, further studies are needed to elucidate and fill possible gaps regarding the effects of Yoga in this population. This article describes the protocol for a randomized clinical trial that aims to analyze the effects of a Yoga program, compared to a control group, on the physical and psychological outcomes of patients diagnosed with breast cancer, undergoing treatment within the Unified Health System (Sistema Único de Saúde - SUS) in the city of Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul. Thirty women will be randomized into a Yoga or control group. Participants in the Yoga group will undergo a Yoga program associated with health education, twice a week for eight weeks, with each session lasting 60 minutes. The control group will participate only in health education meetings, once a week, also for eight weeks with sessions of 60 minutes. Assessments of cancer-related fatigue, quality of life, pain, functional capacity, and level of leisure time physical activity will be performed before and after the intervention. Data will be analyzed using Generalized Estimating Equations and Bonferroni post-hoc tests (α = 0.05). The study protocol is registered in the Brazilian Clinical Trials Registry under number RBR- 6vk2vjr.

A fadiga relacionada ao câncer é um dos sintomas que mais impacta a qualidade de vida de pacientes em tratamento para o câncer de mama. A prática de Yoga vem sendo utilizada como intervenção não farmacológica para atenuar os sintomas durante o tratamento para o câncer de mama. No entanto, são necessários mais estudos, a fim de elucidar e preencher possíveis lacunas acerca dos efeitos da prática de Yoga nesta população. Este artigo descreve o protocolo de um ensaio clínico randomizado que tem como objetivo analisar os efeitos de um programa de Yoga, em comparação com um grupo controle, sobre desfechos físicos e psicológicos de pacientes diagnosticadas com câncer de mama em tratamento pelo Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) na cidade de Pelotas-Rio Grande do Sul. Trinta mulheres serão randomizadas em grupo Yoga ou controle. As participantes do grupo Yoga serão submetidas a um programa de Yoga, associado com educação em saúde, duas vezes por semana durante oito semanas, com duração de 60 minutos cada sessão. O grupo controle participará apenas de encontros de educação em saúde, uma vez por semana, também durante oito semanas e com encontros de 60 minutos. Serão realizadas avaliações da fadiga relacionada ao câncer, qualidade de vida, dor, capacidade funcional e nível de atividade física no lazer pré e pós intervenção. Para analisar os dados será utilizado o teste Generalized Estimating Equations e post-hoc de Bonferroni (α = 0,05). O protocolo do estudo está registrado no Registro Brasileiro de Ensaios Clínicos sob o número RBR-6vk2vjr.

The crystallographic structure of the FolB enzyme from Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MtFolB), complexed with its inhibitor 8-mercaptoguanine (8-MG), was elucidated at a resolution of 1.95 Å. A novel series of S8-functionalized 8-MG derivatives were synthesised and evaluated as in vitro inhibitors of dihydroneopterin aldolase (DHNA, EC 4.1.2.25) activity of MtFolB. These compounds exhibited IC50 values in the submicromolar range. Evaluation of the activity for five compounds indicated their inhibition mode and inhibition constants. Molecular docking analyses were performed to determine the enzyme-inhibitor intermolecular interactions and ligand conformations upon complex formation. The inhibitory activities of all compounds against the M. tuberculosis H37Rv strain were evaluated. Compound 3e exhibited a minimum inhibitory concentration in the micromolar range. Finally, Compound 3e showed no apparent toxicity in both HepG2 and Vero cells. The findings presented herein will advance the quest for novel, specific inhibitors targeting MtFolB, an attractive molecular target for TB drug development.

Objetivo: Apresentar proposta sobre um conjunto de indicadores de desempenho que podem ser utilizados nas auditorias dos tribunais de contas estaduais para avaliar a eficácia dos gastos orçamentários com a saúde pública. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma pesquisa quantitativa, com aplicação de técnicas estatísticas relacionadas a Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) em dois estágios e estimação de modelos longitudinais lineares de regressão para dados em painel curto strongly balanced, sobre os gastos orçamentários realizados no período de 2015 a 2019 pelos Estados e Distrito Federal sobre a saúde pública. Resultados: Constatou-se que não há uso de indicadores de desempenho na elaboração e execução dos PPAs pelos governos, para avaliar a eficácia dos gastos com ações públicas; que a menção sobre “indicadores de desempenho”, refere-se exclusivamente a percentuais para comparar o que foi realizado em relação ao que foi previsto; que foram encontrados registros de ações públicas em duplicidade nos PPAs por alguns entes, e que foi identificado superavaliação nos registros dos recursos previstos na maioria dos PPAs. O grau de explicação estatística do conjunto de indicadores proposto alcançou em média 87% de confiança estatística. Nenhum ente público apresentou eficácia em 100% nos gastos realizados. 69% dos auditores dos tribunais de contas legitimaram o conjunto de indicadores proposto para avaliar a eficácia dos gastos com a saúde pública estadual. Por fim, conclui-se que os indicadores de avaliação de desempenho propostos podem ser utilizados para verificar a eficácia dos gastos com a saúde pública estadual. Contribuições do estudo: Apresenta indicadores de desempenho, criado por meio de método estatístico, para avaliar a eficácia dos gastos com a saúde pública estadual, uma vez que a literatura especializada indica pouca ou nenhuma discussão a respeito. Indica que as ações inseridas nos PPAs não são auditadas pelos tribunais de contas e que o poder legislativo é omisso na fiscalização entre o que é previsto e realizado, considerando que há ações repetidas e superavaliadas.

Summary: Irisin, an exercise-induced myokine, is known to be able to regulate bone metabolism. However, the underlying mechanisms regarding the effects of irisin on senile osteoporosis have not been fully elucidated. Here, we demonstrated that irisin can inhibit bone mass loss and bone microarchitecture alteration in senile osteoporosis mouse model. In addition, irisin has effects on bone remodeling that is in favor of bone formation. Remarkably, irisin induced autophagy in osteocytes demonstrated by increased LC3-positive osteocytes, and increased autophagy-related genes and proteins. In vitro analysis revealed that Irisin can prevent mitochondrial oxidative damage. Furthermore, irisin can obviously induce osteocyte mitophagy and increased phosphorylation of Ampk and Ulk1. Inhibition of Ampk signaling recapitulated the biological effect of irisin loss, accompanied by the markedly lower expression of Ulk1. Taken together, our findings show that irisin reduces age-related bone loss by inducing osteocyte mitophagy via Ampk-dependent activation of Ulk1.

Myrcia genus plants, like Myrcia pubipetala, traditionally used as hypoglycemic agents, hold promise for Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (DM1) research but need more comprehensive chemical and pharmacological investigation. This is an experimental study involving controlled administration of treatments to a group of rats to assess their effects compared with a control group, investigating the effects of M. pubipetala on alloxan-induced Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus in rats. After the induction of diabetes, the rats received the hydroalcoholic extract (HAE) or aqueous fraction (AF) (25, 50, 100, or 150 mg kg-1) of M. pubipetala, or water. The results showed that diabetic rats presented cell damage in kidneys, oxidative stress, and high levels of glucose and triglycerides in their plasma and erythrocytes. The HAE (150 mg kg-1), per se, reduced lipid and protein oxidation, and the AF (150 mg kg-1) decreased lipoperoxidation. AF (150 mg kg-1), per se, decreased triglyceride levels. Conclusion: treatment with HAE and AF reduced oxidative damage, positively modulated antioxidant defenses, and exerted hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects, representing a potential adjuvant treatment for diabetes.

Francesca Alberton,1 Laura Galli,2 Riccardo Lolatto,2 Caterina Candela,1 Nicola Gianotti,2 Matteo Chiurlo,2 Martina Ranzenigo,2 Martina Strano,2 Alessia Uglietti,3 Antonella Castagna1,2 1Infectious Diseases Unit, Vita Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; 2Infectious Diseases Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; 3Medical Affairs Department, Infectious Diseases and Vaccines & Rare Diseases, Johnson&Johnson, Milan, ItalyCorrespondence: Alessia Uglietti, Medical Affairs Department, Infectious Disease and Vaccines & Rare Diseases, Johnson&Johnson, viale Fulvio Testi 280/6, Milan, 20126, Italy, Tel +39-344 2665502, Email augliett@its.jnj.comObjective: To evaluate the virological outcome of darunavir–cobicistat (DRVc)‐based regimens in adults living with HIV who had experienced virological failure (VF) on any previous drug combination.Methods: This was a retrospective cohort study (CSLHIV Cohort) of adults living with HIV who started a DRVc‐based regimen with HIV‐RNA > 50 copies/mL after VF on any previous drug combination. Data on demographics, antiretroviral treatment since HIV diagnosis, and immunological and metabolic parameters from baseline (start of DRVc) to 48 weeks were analyzed in order to assess the cumulative proportion of those who achieved virological success (VS), defined as at least one instance of HIV‐RNA < 50 copies/mL within 12 months from baseline. Follow-up lasted from the start of the DRVc-based regimen (baseline) to the first instance of HIV-RNA < 50 copies/mL, last available visit, or loss to follow‐up or death, whichever occurred first. Univariate and multivariate Cox proportional-hazard regression models were used to identify baseline factors associated with VS.Results: A total of 176 individuals were included, and 120 (68.2%) achieved < 50 HIV‐RNA copies/mL within 12 months since baseline. On multivariate analysis, baseline HDL cholesterol was independently associated with the occurrence of VS (adjusted HR 1.021, 95% CI 1.004– 1.038; p=0.014). Among the 120 subjects with VS, 27 (22.5%) had had VF during a median follow-up of 20.8 months since the first undetectable HIV-RNA. Resistance testing after VF was available in two cases, which harboured the HIV variant–bearing protease inhibitor–resistance mutations D30N, I50V, and N88D. During a median follow-up of 38.4 months, 65 of 176 (36.9%) individuals discontinued DRVc for any reason (37 of 120, 30.8%) and achieved VS vs. 28 of 56 (50%) without VS (p=0.019). Time to discontinuation was longer in people with VS (41.5 vs. 23.0 months, p=0.0007). No statistically significant changes were observed in immunological or lipid profiles during follow-up.Conclusion: Most individuals in this study achieved VS within 12 months from the beginning of a DRVc-based regimen; therefore, this treatment represent a viable option for people who have experienced VF on other regimens.Keywords: HIV infection, antiretroviral therapy, ART, darunavir–cobicistat, DRVc, virological failure, VF

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of intraoperative ablation on the viability, distribution, phenotype, and potential for culture expansion of bursal cells harvested during arthroscopic rotator cuff surgery. Methods: Tissue was collected during primary arthroscopic rotator cuff repair on 6 healthy, randomly selected patients from a fellowship-trained surgeon’s practice between September 2020 and January 2021. There were 3 women (aged 60 ± 8 years) and 3 men (aged 61 ± 10 years). At the time of surgery, subacromial bursal tissue was subjected to no ablation, 1 second of ablation, or 3 seconds of ablation. Tissues were collected by an autograft harvesting system connected to an arthroscopic shaver and a pituitary grasper. Tissue fragments from each condition were sampled for viability testing or cell isolation. A viability kit with confocal microscopy was used to assess live and dead cells. Cell isolation consisted of collagenase digestion or placing tissue fragments onto tissue culture–treated plates that induced migration of cells out of the tissue. Cell proliferation rates were monitored and surface markers for mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and pericytes were analyzed via multicolor flow cytometry. Results: Increased ablation time significantly reduced cell viability. The mean percentage of live cells was 55.2% ± 27.2% (range, 26%-90% live) in the control group, 46.8% ± 23.8% (range, 9.6%-69.6%, P = .045) in the short-ablation group, and 35.5% ± 19% (range, 11%-54%, P = .03) in the long-ablation group. No significant differences in population doubling level (1.6 ± 0.5 days) and population doubling time (6.7 ± 2.4 days) were observed in cells from any treatment. The surface marker profile indicated an MSC phenotype with absence of a pericyte population. Ablation or cell isolation procedure had no significant effect on the surface marker profile of isolated cells. Conclusions: Radiofrequency ablation significantly reduced the overall tissue viability but had no significant effect on cell proliferation or expression of surface markers on isolated subacromial bursal cells harvested arthroscopically. Clinical Relevance: Analysis of the viability and performance of cells harvested after the use of ablation devices using mechanical surgical collection during rotator cuff repair surgery could further our understanding of subacromial bursal tissue and its potential role in augmenting rotator cuff repair healing.

Objective: To present a proposal on a set of performance indicators that can be used in audits of state audit courts to assess the effectiveness of budget spending on public health. Methodology: This is quantitative research, with the application of statistical techniques related to Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) in two stages and estimation of linear longitudinal regression models for strongly balanced short panel data, on the budget expenditures made in the period from 2015 to 2019 by the States and the Federal District on public health. Results: It was found that there is no use of performance indicators in the elaboration and execution of Multi-Annual Plans (MAPs) by governments to evaluate the effectiveness of spending on public actions; that the mention of "performance indicators" refers exclusively to percentages to compare what was accomplished in relation to what was predicted; that records of duplicate public actions were found in the MAPs by some entities, and that overvaluation was identified in the records of the resources provided for in most of the MAPs. The degree of statistical explanation of the proposed set of indicators reached an average of 87% of statistical confidence. None of the public entities was 100% effective in the expenditures made. 69% of the auditors of the Courts of Auditors legitimized the set of indicators proposed to evaluate the effectiveness of state public health spending. Finally, it is concluded that the proposed performance evaluation indicators can be used to verify the effectiveness of state public health spending. Contributions of the study: It presents performance indicators, created by means of a statistical method, to evaluate the effectiveness of spending on state public health, since the specialized literature indicates little or no discussion about it. It indicates that the actions included in the MAPs are not audited by the courts of auditors and that the legislative branch is silent in the supervision between what is foreseen and what is carried out, considering that there are repeated and overvalued actions.

IntroductionClaw lesions significantly contribute to lameness, greatly affecting sow welfare. This study investigated different factors that would impact the severity of claw lesions in the sows of Brazilian commercial herds.MethodsA total of 129 herds (n = 12,364 sows) were included in the study. Herds were in the Midwest, Southeast, or South regions of Brazil. Inventory sizes were stratified into 250–810 sows, 811–1,300 sows, 1,301–3,000 sows, and 3,001–10,000 sows. Herds belonged to Cooperative (Coop), Integrator, or Independent structures. The herd management was conducted either maintaining breeds from stock on-site (internal), or through purchase of commercially available genetics (external). Herds adopted either individual crates or group housing during gestation. Within each farm, one randomly selected group of sows was scored by the same evaluator (two independent experts evaluated a total of 129 herds) from 0 (none) to 3 (severe) for heel overgrowth and erosion (HOE), heel-sole crack (HSC), separation along the white line (WL), horizontal (CHW) and vertical (CVW) wall cracks, and overgrown toes (T), or dewclaws (DC) in the hind legs after parturition. The study assessed differences and similarities between herds using Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Hierarchical Agglomerative Clustering (HAC) analysis. The effects of factors (i.e., production structure, management, housing during gestation, and region) were assessed using the partial least squares method (PLS).Results and discussionHeel overgrowth and erosion had the highest prevalence, followed by WL and CHW, while the lowest scores were observed for T, DC, and CVW. Herds were grouped in three clusters (i.e., C1, C2, and C3). Heel overgrowth and erosion, HSC, WL, CHW, CVW, and T were decreased by 17, 25, 11, 25, 21, and 17%, respectively, in C3 compared to C1 and 2 combined. Independent structure increased the L-Index in all three clusters. Furthermore, individual housing increased the L-Index regardless of the cluster. The results suggest that shifting toward larger, more technologically advanced herds could potentially benefit claw health. Additionally, adopting group gestation housing appears to mitigate the adverse effects on claw health, although further validation is necessary, as Brazil has only recently transitioned from individual housing practices.

IntroductionAntifolates were among the first broad-spectrum compounds used as antimycobacterial agents and can still be of use when no other therapeutic options are available. The discovery of compounds targeting the essential folate synthesis pathway could lead to new therapeutic agents to treat tuberculosis (TB). In particular, the enzyme required for the conversion of 7,8-dihydroneopterin (DHNP) to 6-hydroxymethyl-7,8-dihydropterin (HP) and glycolaldehyde (GA) in the folate pathway (MtbFolB, a dihydroneopterin aldolase - DHNA, EC 4.1.2.25), has received little attention as a potential drug target so far, as it is acting upstream of the clinically validated targets dihydropteroate synthase (DHPS; EC 2.5.1.15) and dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR; EC 1.5.1.3).MethodsWe conducted a small-scale diversity screening to identify MtbFolB inhibitors using a microplate-based enzyme inhibition assay. A total of 6,074 compounds were assembled, tested and confirmed in dose-response studies. A preliminary structure activity analysis was performed for the validated hit compounds, along with kinetic inhibition, time-dependent inhibition, as well as docking studies. ResultsThe screening resulted in the selection of 19 hits spanning 5 independent clusters. Dose-response studies of re-synthesized hits and newly synthesized derivatives displayed compounds with IC50 values ranging from 2.6 to 47 µM. The structure activity analysis revealed that bi-sulfonamide compounds could be explored for further optimizations. Docking studies highlighted two modes of binding for pyrazol-3-one compounds and, for the sulfonamide series, indicated several interactions with the catalytic Tyrosine-54 (Tyr54D) and Lysine-99 (Lys99A) residues of MtbFolB. DiscussionThrough this work, we established that the MtbFolB assay was able to select small molecules with inhibitory activities, opening prospects for larger scale screening. The sulfonamide compound 13 was also identified as the first compound directed against MtbFolB with an antimycobacterial activity.

Soil animal communities include more than 40 higher-order taxa, representing over 23% of all described species. These animals have a wide range of feeding sources and contribute to several important soil functions and ecosystem services. Although many studies have assessed macroinvertebrate communities in Brazil, few of them have been published in journals and even fewer have made the data openly available for consultation and further use. As part of ongoing efforts to synthesise the global soil macrofauna communities and to increase the amount of openly-accessible data in GBIF and other repositories related to soil biodiversity, the present paper provides links to 29 soil macroinvertebrate datasets covering 42 soil fauna taxa, collected in various land-use systems in Brazil. A total of 83,085 georeferenced occurrences of these taxa are presented, based on quantitative estimates performed using a standardised sampling method commonly adopted worldwide to collect soil macrofauna populations, i.e. the TSBF (Tropical Soil Biology and Fertility Programme) protocol. This consists of digging soil monoliths of 25 x 25 cm area, with handsorting of the macroinvertebrates visible to the naked eye from the surface litter and from within the soil, typically in the upper 0-20 cm layer (but sometimes shallower, i.e. top 0-10 cm or deeper to 0-40 cm, depending on the site). The land-use systems included anthropogenic sites managed with agricultural systems (e.g. pastures, annual and perennial crops, agroforestry), as well as planted forests and native vegetation located mostly in the southern Brazilian State of Paraná (96 sites), with a few additional sites in the neighbouring states of São Paulo (21 sites) and Santa Catarina (five sites). Important metadata on soil properties, particularly soil chemical parameters (mainly pH, C, P, Ca, K, Mg, Al contents, exchangeable acidity, Cation Exchange Capacity, Base Saturation and, infrequently, total N), particle size distribution (mainly % sand, silt and clay) and, infrequently, soil moisture and bulk density, as well as on human management practices (land use and vegetation cover) are provided. These data will be particularly useful for those interested in estimating land-use change impacts on soil biodiversity and its implications for below-ground foodwebs, ecosystem functioning and ecosystem service delivery.Quantitative estimates are provided for 42 soil animal taxa, for two biodiversity hotspots: the Brazilian Atlantic Forest and Cerrado biomes. Data are provided at the individual monolith level, representing sampling events ranging from February 2001 up to September 2016 in 122 sampling sites and over 1800 samples, for a total of 83,085 ocurrences.

Abstract Background Low back pain (LBP) is the leading cause of years lived with disability worldwide. Public safety workers are highly exposed to physically demanding activities and inappropriate postures, increasing the risk of experiencing LBP. Smartphone app-based self-managed interventions may be an alternative for chronic non-specific LBP (CNSLBP) treatment. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of a smartphone app-based self-managed exercise program plus health education, compared to a health education program alone, on neuromuscular and perceptual outcomes in police officers and firefighters with CNSLBP. Methods This is a parallel, two-armed, blinded evaluator randomized clinical trial. Police officers and firefighters (from public safety institutions in the Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil) will be randomly assigned to a m-health self-managed exercise program (twice a week) plus health education or health education alone. Self-management exercise program components are mobility and core resistance exercises, available on the app. Follow-ups will be conducted post-treatment (8 weeks) and 16 weeks after randomization. The co-primary outcomes will be pain intensity and disability post-treatment (8 weeks). Secondary outcomes will be biopsychosocial factors related to CNSLBP. Discussion We hypothesize that the effects of a smartphone app-based self-managed exercise program on co-primary and secondary outcomes will be superior, compared to the health education only in public safety workers with CNSLBP. Trial registration The study was prospectively registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05481996. Registered on August 01, 2022).

Abstract Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D) is a serious global health problem, and exercise is considered an essential non-pharmacological tool in T2D prevention and treatment. During periods of social isolation experienced by the COVID-19 pandemic, home-based exercise programs were strongly recommended as a strategy to facilitate exercise practice and reduce the negative impacts of social isolation. Remotely supervised exercise stands out as an easily accessible strategy after the pandemic, as it is a tool that aims to facilitate access to exercise by this population. The purpose of the RED study is to verify the effects of a remotely supervised home-based exercise program compared to a control group on cardiometabolic, functional, and psychosocial outcomes in patients with T2D. Methods Participants are randomized into the control group (CG) and the intervention group (IG). Participants allocated to the CG receive recommendations for the practice of physical activity based on information from chapters of the Physical Activity Guide for the Brazilian Population, while the IG will perform a 12-week home-based exercise program supervised remotely by video call. The intervention has a weekly frequency of two sessions per week on non-consecutive days during the first 6 weeks and three sessions per week on non-consecutive days for the remaining 6 weeks. The RED study has HbA1c as the primary outcome, and the participants’ cardiometabolic, functional, and psychosocial parameters are assessed at baseline (week 0) and post-intervention (week 13). Discussion Expected results of the proposed study will provide the knowledge base of health professionals and deliver more evidence for a growing area, i.e., home-based exercise and T2D. Additionally, this protocol aims to verify and demonstrate whether this program can be accessible and effective for different health outcomes in patients with T2D. Trial registration The RED study protocol was prospectively registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT05362071). Date registered April 6, 2022. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT05362071 .

Bizarre parosteal osteochondromatous proliferations, also known as Nora’s lesions, are rare benign tumors with a high recurrence rate. They are often difficult to identify because of their similar appearance to other tumors. We describe a 25-year-old healthy female patient with bizarre parosteal osteochondromatous proliferations in an uncommon location on the pelvic ilium, presenting with unique clinical findings of abdominal pain and femoral paresthesia and showing atypical radiographic findings. To the best of our knowledge, this is one of the very few cases ever reported in the literature of Nora’s lesion in this particular location and possibly the first case ever with this specific presentation. The lesions’ radiographic images, combined orthopedic and general surgery procedures, and histological analysis are detailed. The patient’s continued 4-year follow-up has demonstrated no symptoms or evidence of recurrence.

Abstract Purpose: To evaluate recurrence rates and risk factors among women with stage IA1 cervical cancer without lymph vascular space invasion managed conservatively. Methods: retrospective review of women with stage IA1 squamous cervical cancer who underwent cold knife cone or loop electrosurgical excision procedure, between 1994 and 2015, at a gynecologic oncology center in Southern Brazil. Age at diagnosis, pre-conization findings, conization method, margin status, residual disease, recurrence and survival rates were collected and analyzed. Results: 26 women diagnosed with stage IA1 squamous cervical cancer without lymphovascular space invasion underwent conservative management and had at least 12 months follow-up. The mean follow-up was 44.6 months. The mean age at diagnosis was 40.9 years. Median first intercourse occurred at age 16 years, 11.5% were nulliparous and 30.8% were current or past tobacco smokers. There was one Human immunodeficiency virus positive patient diagnosed with cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 at 30 months after surgery. However, there were no patients diagnosed with recurrent invasive cervical cancer and there were no deaths due to cervical cancer or other causes in the cohort. Conclusion: Excellent outcomes were noted in women with stage IA1 cervical cancer without lymphovascular space invasion and with negative margins who were managed conservatively, even in a developing country.

Climate change embodies the essence of a multilevel and cross-sectoral governance challenge where targets and actions are discussed, set, calibrated and implemented at different governmental levels and across different policy sectors. Thus, vertical policy integration and horizontal policy integration are key factors for effective climate actions. In the context of compound systems, Italy represents an EU Member State holding the status of a regional state facing the urgent need to respond to the current climate and energy crisis. To understand the challenges, obstacles, and opportunities of multilevel and cross-sectoral climate decision-making in Italy, this article analyses the distribution of powers in climate-related issues among different layers of government, the modes of cooperation, the role of the Constitutional Court in solving the intergovernmental conflicts, and the policy and legislative initiatives enacted. Against this background, the case of the autonomous provinces of Trento and Bolzano is presented.

Este artigo apresenta a experiência de organização do XIV Encontro Nacional de Ensino de Paisagismo em Escolas de Arquitetura e Urbanismo no Brasil (Enepea), em 2018, na cidade de Santa Maria (RS). Esta publicação reúne os resultados do pós-evento, tais como a publicação dos Anais com os artigos do encontro, a elaboração de material audiovisual que resultou em um documentário e a análise do questionário de avaliação preenchido pelos participantes do evento. Também reúne reflexões sobre o encontro, com orientações para eventos futuros. O objetivo é compartilhar as atividades resultantes do XIV Enepea e, baseado na experiência de organização do evento em Santa Maria, orientar futuras comissões organizadoras de eventos científicos em aspectos que podem ser considerados.

Introduction:Plinia cauliflora [Mart.] Kausel (Myrtaceae), popularly known as “jabuticaba,” is a fruit species native to Brazil. Despite extensive widespread usage, its antiatherosclerotic properties' impact remains unknown. Thus, the present study aimed to investigate the cardioprotective effects of a preparation obtained from the fruit peels of P. cauliflora (EEPC).Methods: Male New Zealand rabbits received a 1% cholesterol-supplemented diet for 60 days. On the thirtieth day, the animals were divided into five experimental groups and received, once a day, by the oral route, the EEPC (10, 30, and 100 mg/kg), simvastatin (2.5 mg/kg), or vehicle for 30 days. At the end of the experimental period, peripheral blood and arterial branch samples were collected. The levels of total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), triglyceride (TG), malondialdehyde (MDA), nitrotyrosine (NT), nitrite, interleukin 1 beta (IL-1b), interleukin 6 (IL-6), soluble inter-cellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) levels were measured. Moreover, the catalase and superoxide dismutase levels were measured on the arterial samples. Histopathological analysis and arterial morphometry were also performed.Results and discussion: The oral administration of ESEG significantly lowered the levels of lipids in rabbits that were fed a CRD diet. This treatment also adjusted the protective system against oxidation in the arteries by decreasing the oxidation of lipids and proteins. Additionally, the levels of IL-1b, IL-6, sICAM-1, and sVCAM-1 in the bloodstream decreased significantly, and this was accompanied by a reduction of atherosclerotic lesions in all branches of the arteries. The findings suggest that EEPC may be a possible option for additional management of atherosclerosis.

Background:. High-definition liposculpture allowed plastic surgeons to achieve better aesthetic results by carving the underlying muscles and contours in a new way. Several authors have improved the original technique by adding other procedures and new technologies. We designed a new improvement by incorporating bone transformation surgery to overcome the lack of silhouette at the waist and, as a result, optimize the breast-waist-hip ratios. Methods:. We carried out a prospective multicenter study, with five different surgeons performing the same rib remodeling technique for waist definition. We used an ultrasonic piece for costal corticotomy and real-time ultrasound imaging to perform green-stick fractures over the last two or three floating ribs. Ours is a new technique based on the prior one described by Kudzaev. Results:. We reported 131 consecutive patients who were enrolled in this study. Waistline diameter decreased an average of 8 cm after surgery (P < 0.05). Most patients were women (n = 125, 95.4%). No major complications were reported. Most common complication was prolonged pain, with only three cases of contour asymmetry, all of which were attributable to noncompliance of constantly wearing the corset + compressive garments. Patients reported a high satisfaction rate and fast recovery (Body-QoL survey). Conclusions:. Ultrasonic- and ultrasound- assisted indentation surgery of the thorax is a safe and reliable technique for waistline definition, with a high satisfaction rate, almost-invisible scars, and minimal risk for complications. Incorporation of high-definition liposculpture to rib remodeling opens up a new horizon for bone structure modification surgery (S-high-definition remodeling) that can be safely performed for patients who seek better aesthetic outcomes in body contouring.

Considerando o papel estratégico da educação na promoção do desenvolvimento econômico, a presente investigação tem por objetivo identificar potenciais reflexos positivos da expansão vivenciada pela Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF) entre 2007 e 2014 no âmbito do Programa de Apoio a Planos de Expansão e Reestruturação das Universidades Federais (REUNI). De natureza qualitativa, finalidade aplicada, nível exploratório e método dedutivo, o estudo se delineia como pesquisa bibliográfica e documental apoiado em análise descritiva. A relevância da análise empreendida evidencia-se pela necessidade de ampliar as discussões relacionadas à destinação de recursos às universidades, entendidas como peças fundamentais à promoção do desenvolvimento econômico e, frente ao atual cenário de restrições orçamentárias a elas imposto. Constatou-se que a UFJF vivenciou um processo de significativo crescimento em função do REUNI, com expansão de vagas, estrutura física e recursos humanos, bem como, da pós-graduação. No entanto, o cenário de sucessivas restrições orçamentárias que marcou o período após o REUNI impôs desafios às universidades federais brasileiras que, além de dificultar novos avanços, expõe o risco de retrocesso no tocante às ações já implementadas.

The leaf phenology of seasonally dry tropical forests (SDTFs) is highly seasonal, marked by synchronized flushing of new leaves triggered by the first rains of the wet season. Such phenological transitions may not be accurately detected by remote sensing vegetation indices and derived transition dates (TDs) due to the coarse spatial and temporal resolutions of satellite data. The aim of this study was to compared TDs from PhenoCams and satellite remote sensing (RS) and used the TDs calculated from PhenoCams to select the best thresholds for RS time series and calculate TDs. For this purpose, we assembled cameras in seven sites along an aridity gradient in the Brazilian Caatinga, a region dominated by SDTFs. The leafing patterns were registered during one to three growing seasons from 2017 to 2020. We drew a region of interest (ROI) in the images to calculate the normalized green chromatic coordinate index. We compared the camera data with the NDVI time series (2000–2019) derived from near-infrared (NIR) and red bands from MODIS product data. Using calibrated PhenoCam thresholds reduced the mean absolute error by 5 days for SOS and 34 days for EOS, compared to common thresholds in land surface phenology studies. On average, growing season length (LOS) did not differ significantly among vegetation types, but the driest sites showed the highest interannual variation. This pattern was applied to leaf flushing (SOS) and leaf fall (EOS) as well. We found a positive relationship between the accumulated precipitation and the LOS and between the accumulated precipitation and maximum and minimum temperatures and the vegetation productivity (peak and accumulated NDVI). Our results demonstrated that (A) the fine temporal resolution of phenocamera phenology time series improved the definitions of TDs and thresholds for RS landscape phenology; (b) long-term RS greening responded to the variability in rainfall, adjusting their timing of green-up and green-down, and (C) the amount of rainfall, although not determinant for the length of the growing season, is related to the estimates of vegetation productivity.

O advento da Constituição Federal de 1988 e posterior regulamentação dos artigos 182 e 183 impactaram de forma significativa o planejamento urbano brasileiro, inserindo a gestão urbana democrática como prerrogativa dos municípios. Com foco na participação popular nos processos de planejamento urbano e regional, este estudo apresenta abordagem qualitativa e emprega técnicas de revisão sistemática para selecionar a produção acadêmica de teses publicadas entre 2001 e 2022, na Base Nacional de Teses e Dissertações (BNDT). O objetivo principal é analisar os principais conflitos e oportunidades encontradas pela participação popular nos processos democráticos de planejamento urbano, com ênfase no Plano Diretor. Com base nos descritores “planejamento urbano ou plano diretor” e “participação social ou democracia” foram selecionadas 21 teses das 64 encontradas, por conferirem protagonismo à temática e apresentarem casos empíricos. O resultado é o diagnóstico dos principais desafios e oportunidades encontrados em diversas cidades nos processos democráticos de planejamento urbano. É possível perceber que os obstáculos se repetem e indicam padrão tecnicista e centralizador do ente público, conflitos de interesses entre os diversos atores (Estado, conselhos municipais, empresários, movimentos populares, sociedade), falta de conhecimento da dinâmica local e resistência à participação popular (prejudicada por falta de conhecimento técnico, informações pouco transparentes e oportunidades escassas). Em contrapartida, municípios mais propensos à abertura sistêmica sinalizaram que experiência com base na aprendizagem, partilha do poder e da informação são pontos importantes para a efetivação da participação popular.

The goal of this study was to compare brain structure between individuals with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) and healthy controls. Previous studies have generated inconsistent findings, possibly due to small sample sizes, or clinical/analytic heterogeneity. To address these concerns, we combined data from 28 research sites worldwide through the ENIGMA-Anxiety Working Group, using a single, pre-registered mega-analysis. Structural magnetic resonance imaging data from children and adults (5-90 years) were processed using FreeSurfer. The main analysis included the regional and vertex-wise cortical thickness, cortical surface area, and subcortical volume as dependent variables, and GAD, age, age-squared, sex, and their interactions as independent variables. Nuisance variables included IQ, years of education, medication use, comorbidities, and global brain measures. The main analysis (1020 individuals with GAD and 2999 healthy controls) included random slopes per site and random intercepts per scanner. A secondary analysis (1112 individuals with GAD and 3282 healthy controls) included fixed slopes and random intercepts per scanner with the same variables. The main analysis showed no effect of GAD on brain structure, nor interactions involving GAD, age, or sex. The secondary analysis showed increased volume in the right ventral diencephalon in male individuals with GAD compared to male healthy controls, whereas female individuals with GAD did not differ from female healthy controls. This mega-analysis combining worldwide data showed that differences in brain structure related to GAD are small, possibly reflecting heterogeneity or those structural alterations are not a major component of its pathophysiology.

“Green Hull” is a project supported by the Interreg V-A Italy-Slovenia Cooperation Programme, funded by the European Regional Development Fund, aimed at solving the problem of environmental pollution arising from biological incrustations on hulls. The hulls are cleaned while they are still in the seawater, without any spillage of polluting or hazardous substances. In this way, the performance of ships is improved and the introduction of allochthonous species into the environment is reduced, without incurring the costs and time necessary for drydock. The sea knows no boundaries; cross-border cooperation in the public and private sectors is necessary to define guidelines for the control, monitoring and management of water and waste from biological incrustations on hulls and to ensure more effective cross-border management. As part of the “Green Hull” project, legislation concerning environmental protection and the quality of marine waters was investigated, at international, European and national levels, both in relation to Italian and Slovenian legislation. The study of the legal aspects of the project area also aimed at preparing, within the existing regulations, guidelines for the development of green technologies in the sector of interest of the project, and a model of a system for the management of waste from cleaning hulls.

In this year-long qualitative case study of literacy teaching and learning, we utilized Bakhtin's ideas on speech genres in social contexts as a theoretical base for the analysis of a storybook read-aloud event. We first discuss Bakhtin's theories on language and literature and then apply the theories to a read-aloud activity in a kindergarten class. This classroom event involved the kindergarten teacher reading aloud, and the kindergarten children orally responding spontaneously during the reading. The teacher allowed the voices of the children and echoes of social language to enter into her performance as the class participated in a dialogic relationship.

Abstract Surgical procedures, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy, individually or in association, are current oncological treatments. Among the most used chemotherapy drugs, 5-fluorouracil (5FU) is an antimetabolite with a broad spectrum of action. This study evaluated the effects of probiotics (PRO) as an adjuvant to the treatment of experimental periodontitis (EP) in rats immunosuppressed with 5FU. Methodology 108 rats were randomly allocated to six different groups: EP; SS – systemic treatment with saline solution (SS); 5FU – systemic treatment with 5FU; 5FU+PRO – systemic treatment with 5FU, followed by the local administration of Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; 5FU+SRP – systemic treatment with 5-FU, followed by scaling and root planing (SRP); and 5FU+SRP+PRO – systemic treatment with 5FU followed by local treatments with SRP and PRO. Immunosuppression was obtained at two points: at the time of ligature installation and after 48 h. Six animals from each group were euthanized at seven, 15, and 30 d and hemimandibles were collected and processed for histopathological, histometric, and immunohistochemical analysis. Data were subjected to statistical analysis (α=5%). Results At 7 d, the 5FU+PRO group showed less bone resorption and better structured connective tissue compared with the EP, SS, 5FU+SRP, and 5FU+SRP+PRO groups. At 15 d, the 5FU+SRP group showed a greater intensity of the inflammatory response (p

Objetivo: Em um contexto de assimetria informacional a auditoria independente assume o papel de monitorar as ações do gestor e reforçar a confiança nos relatórios financeiros apresentados aos investidores. Nesse processo de monitoramento um conceito fundamental aplicado nos trabalhos de auditoria é a materialidade. Assim, os relatórios financeiros são influenciados pelos critérios de materialidade utilizados pelos auditores. Diante disso, o objetivo deste artigo foi avaliar a relevância da divulgação de critérios de materialidade da auditoria nas decisões de investidores. Método: Para isto, foi realizado um quase-experimento com 238 indivíduos (112 com experiência e 126 sem experiência em investimentos) com auxílio do software Qualtrics®. Resultados e Contribuições: Em linha com estudos anteriores, os resultados indicaram que a percepção do que é tolerável (material) pelo investidor, diverge substancialmente daquilo que é praticado pelos auditores, quando os critérios de materialidade utilizados são não conservadores. Foi possível constatar ainda, que os investidores pesquisados atribuem relevância para divulgação de critérios de materialidade da auditoria, uma vez que tal divulgação implicou na mudança de decisões de investimentos tomadas anteriormente sem o conhecimento destas informações. Que a relevância dessa divulgação é ainda maior quando trata de critérios de materialidade que superam os toleráveis pelos investidores. Os resultados permitem concluir que os investidores podem estar subestimando a materialidade utilizada pelos auditores ao deixar de incorporar em suas decisões ajustes relevantes na análise dos relatórios financeiros. E, que a divulgação dos critérios de materialidade pelos auditores oferece uma noção aos investidores acerca dos limites do alcance da auditoria enquanto mecanismo de monitoramento entre gestor e investidor.

Introduction: The interplay of water and light, regarded as the main driver of tropical plant dynamics, determines leaf phenology and ecosystem productivity. Leaf phenology has been discussed as a key variable to explain photosynthetic seasonality in evergreen tropical forests, but the question is still open for seasonally tropical ecosystems. In the search for implementing long-term phenology monitoring in the tropics, phenocameras have proven to be an accurate method to estimate vegetative phenology in tropical communities. Here, we investigated the temporal patterns of leaf phenology and their relation to gross primary productivity (GPP) in a comparative study across three contrasting tropical biomes: dry forest (caatinga), woodland savanna (cerrado), and rainforest (Atlantic Forest).Methods: We monitored leaf phenology (phenocameras) and estimated gross primary productivity (eddy-covariance) continuously over time at three study sites. We investigated the main drivers controlling leaf phenology and tested the performance of abiotic (climate) and biotic (phenology) factors to explain gross primary productivity across sites.Results: We found that camera-derived indices presented the best relationships with gross primary productivity across all sites. Gross primary productivity seasonality was controlled by a gradient of water vs. light, where caatinga dry forest was water-limited, cerrado vegetation responded to water seasonality and light, and rainforest was mainly controlled by light availability. Vegetation phenology was tightly associated with productivity in the driest ecosystem (caatinga), where productivity was limited to the wet season, and the camera-derived index (Gcc) was the best proxy for gross primary productivity.Discussion: Leaf phenology increased their relative importance over gross primary productivity seasonality at less seasonal sites (cerrado and rainforest), where multiple leafing strategies influenced carbon exchanges. Our multi-site comparison, along with fine-scale temporal observations of leaf phenology and gross primary productivity patterns, uncovered the relationship between leafing and productivity across tropical ecosystems under distinct water constraints.