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Resumo Apresenta-se um estudo exploratório misto baseado na análise de autos de notícia e denúncia por crime de violência doméstica, reportados em 2010 à Polícia de Segurança Pública (Porto, Portugal). O objetivo do estudo foi examinar a presença de crianças, direta ou indiretamente envolvidas nessas situações. A análise estatística de 167 autos revelou que 45% referiam-se a famílias com filhos, admitindo-se que, em 29%, a violência era presenciada por crianças. A análise de conteúdo de 141 autos revelou existir também violência física e psicológica incidindo diretamente sobre as crianças e jovens, incluindo instrumentalização dos filhos. Conclui-se pela evidência do fenômeno de exposição de crianças à violência doméstica e pela necessidade de os agentes policiais reforçarem a sua formação para o atendimento a crianças em situação de risco. Abstract We present a mixed exploratory study based on the analysis of news reports and denunciations for domestic violence, reported in 2010 to the Public Security Police (Porto, Portugal). The purpose of this study was to examine the presence of children, directly or indirectly involved in these situations. Statistical analysis of 167 reports revealed that 45% were from families with children, and in 29% the violence was witnessed by children. Content analysis of 141 reports also revealed physical and psychological violence directly on children and young people, including their manipulation. We concluded that there is evidence of exposure of children to domestic violence and there is a need of police officers to reinforce their specialized training on children at risk.

Na contemporaneidade persistem fortes assimetrias na relação com o território (Carmo, 2014) sendo que em Portugal a zona interior é palco há várias décadas de um processo de despovoamento e perda de serviços (Fermisson, 2000). Por outro lado, a relação entre género e mobilidade apresenta especificidades dignas de nota visto que as mulheres têm necessidades e usos diferenciados de mobilidade e transporte e enfrentam obstáculos específicos (Hanson, 2013; Sales Oliveira, 2014). Neste sentido considerou-se relevante abordar a questão da mobilidade e acessibilidade rural de uma perspetiva de género no contexto português. De molde a efetuar uma primeira abordagem exploratória ao tema, a investigação decorreu sobre a forma de estudo de caso, com recurso às técnicas de inquérito por questionário e de mobility mapping de uma aldeia da Beira Interior. Encontrou-se uma composição social com maior diversidade do que o esperado mas ainda assim com uma forte presença de pessoas idosas e de baixas habilitações. A posse de carta de condução e de veículo automóvel particular é um recurso díspar e central na construção de uma assimetria de padrões e perfis de mobilidade. Contudo, ao contrário do que seria de esperar, as mulheres não revelam menor mobilidade que os homens, pois apesar de serem mais elas quem não possui carta de condução ou veículo próprio/particular, são também quem mais frequentemente recorre a formas de mobilidades alternativas, nas quais as redes de contactos representam um importante fator., Nowadays there are still strong asymmetries in the relationship with territory (Carmo, 2014), and in Portugal the inner country has been for several decades the scene of depopulation and loss of services phenomena (Fermisson, 2000). At the same time, the relationship between gender and mobility has specific characteristics since women have different needs and uses of mobility and transportation and face specific obstacles (Hanson, 2013; Sales Oliveira, 2014). This article discusses both these questions and tries to address the issue of rural mobility and accessibility from a gender perspective in the Portuguese context. In order to develop an exploratory approach the methodological option was a case study, using the techniques of survey and mobility mapping, of a village in Beira Interior. We found a social composition with greater diversity than expected but still with a strong presence of elderly people and low qualifications. Ownership of a driving license and a private vehicle is an unequal resource and a central element for the asymmetry of mobility patterns and profiles. However, contrary to what could be expected, we cannot say that women experience less mobility than men, since although they are the ones who do not have a driving license or a private vehicle, they are also the ones who most often use other mobility resources in which their social networks represent an important factor.

O bruxismo do sono é uma desordem do movimento estereotipada, inconsciente e não funcional. Por esta razão, surge a necessidade de obter terapêuticas efetivas e seguras para o seu controle. O presente trabalho tem como objetivo, a revisão dessas terapêuticas, em forma de comparação, com o uso das goteiras oclusais no bruxismo do sono. Foi realizada uma pesquisa bibliográfica, com limitação temporal de 15 anos, onde 41 artigos foram analisados, incluindo também, uma tese de mestrado e um livro, referentes ao assunto. Os estudos que constam na atual literatura, mostraram inconclusividade quanto à melhor opção terapêutica a adotar, pela existência de algumas limitações inerentes a cada estratégia, devido amostras de pequena dimensão e estudos de curta duração. Contudo, a goteira de estabilização oclusal continua a ser o método mais utilizado universalmente, para o controlo do BS. Sleep bruxism is a stereotyped, unconscious and nonfunctional movement disorder. For this reason, the need arises to obtain effective and safe therapeutics for its control. The objective of this study is to review these therapies in a comparison with the use of occlusal splints in sleep bruxism. A bibliographic research was carried out, with a temporal limitation of 15 years, where 41 articles were analyzed, including also a master's thesis and a book related to the subject. The studies in the current literature have shown inconclusiveness as to the best therapeutic option to adopt, due to the existence limitations inherent in each strategy, due to small samples and short-term studies. However, stabilization occlusal splint remains the most universally used method for SB control.

Introdução – Está amplamente descrito na literatura que a cirurgia abdominal é responsável por alterações na função respiratória. Destacam-se, ainda, na literatura os bons resultados obtidos na prevenção ou correção de complicações, nomeadamente na componente respiratória, quando programas de reabilitação são implementados no pré e pós-operatório. Objetivo –Avaliar a efeito do plano de Enfermagem de Reabilitação sobre variáveis fisiológicas, clínicas e a ansiedade nos doentes submetidos a cirurgia abdominal programada do serviço de cirurgia I da unidade de Vila Real do Centro Hospitalar de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro. Métodos – Realizou-se um estudo quase-experimental e transversal. A amostra foi constituída por 30 indivíduos, que se submeteram de forma voluntária a um programa de Enfermagem de Reabilitação. A colheita de dados foi efetuada mediante o preenchimento da grelha de avaliação, em dois momentos distintos: pré-operatório e 4º dia de pós-operatório. Foram registadas variáveis de caracterização, variáveis fisiológicas, fluxo expiratório máximo (PEF), dor e ansiedade. A escala utilizada para a avaliação da ansiedade foi a escala Visual analógica VAS-A. Resultados - Na amostra em estudo, 73,3% dos indivíduos eram do sexo masculino. A idade variou entre 30 e 80 anos, com média 66,67 anos. Três dos participantes (10%) dos participantes sofrem de algum tipo de patologia respiratória e relativamente a hábitos tabágicos, estes estão presentes em 2 (6,7%) participantes. Dos principais resultados destacase que o programa de Enfermagem de Reabilitação diminuiu os níveis de ansiedade e aumentou o valor do pico de fluxo expiratório (PFE) mas não teve efeitos estatisticamente significativos nas restantes variáveis Conclusões – Os resultados vão no sentido de confirmar a necessidade e utilidade da intervenção especializada em Enfermagem de Reabilitação no doente submetido a cirurgia abdominal programada. Introduction - It is widely described in the literature that abdominal surgery is responsible for changes in respiratory function. The literature also shows that good results are obtained in the prevention or correction of complications, particularly in the respiratory component, when rehabilitation programs are implemented in the pre- and postoperative period. Objective - To evaluate the effect of a Rehabilitation Nursing plan on physiological and clinical variables and anxiety in patients undergoing scheduled abdominal surgery at the surgery department of Vila Real unit of Centro Hospitalar de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro. Methods - A quasi-experimental and cross-sectional study was carried out. Where included 30 participants, who voluntarily underwent a Rehabilitation Nursing program. Data collection was performed by filling out the evaluation grid at two different times: preoperative and postoperative day 4. Characterization variables, physiological variables, peak expiratory flow (PEF), pain and anxiety were recorded. The Visual Analogue VAS-A scale was used for anxiety assessment. Results - In the study sample, 73.3% of the individuals were male. The age ranged from 30 to 80 years, with a mean of 66.67 years. Three of the participants (10%) suffer from some type of respiratory pathology and in relation to smoking habits, these are present in 2 (6.7%) participants. The main results highlight that the Rehabilitation Nursing program reduced anxiety levels and increased peak expiratory flow (PEF), but did not have statistically significant effects on the other variables Conclusions - The results are aimed at confirming the need and utility of the specialized intervention in Rehabilitation Nursing in patients undergoing scheduled abdominal surgery.

INTRODUÇÃO: O Transtorno depressivo maior (TDM) acarreta malefícios na saúde física e na vida social do paciente levando-os ao isolamento, reduzindo sua capacidade física e profissional e aumentando o risco de morte. Sabe-se também da importância do exercício físico na manutenção da qualidade de vida e, mais recentemente sugerido como terapêutica adjuntiva na depressão. A maioria dos indivíduos deprimidos pode ser beneficiada com a prática de exercícios físicos, uma vez que sob o ponto de vista fisiológico, estes indivíduos apresentam uma capacidade aeróbica debilitada e alta propensão para a síndrome metabólica. Neste sentido, evidências apontam para o papel do exercício físico aeróbio como regulador dos níveis de monoaminas, cortisol e fatores neurotróficos, mecanismos semelhantes aos dos antidepressivos. Também são conhecidos seus efeitos na melhora de parâmetros cardiopulmonares, funções cognitivas, promoção da autoestima, interação social, entre outros benefícios na promoção do estado de saúde desses indivíduos. Entretanto, a maioria dos estudos realizados com objetivo de entender a real condição do exercício físico frente à melhora dos sintomas de depressão é criticada por falhas metodológicas e limitações, além de serem imprecisos quanto ao período e intensidade necessária de treino para que ocorram adaptações positivas. Portanto, este estudo propôs-se a minimizar estas críticas recorrentes avaliando uma amostra homogênea de pacientes com TDM e observando eventuais modificações em parâmetros biológicos, após treinamento físico aeróbio sistematizado associado à farmacoterapia. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a eficácia clínica do exercício físico supervisionado associado à farmacoterapia no tratamento da depressão maior. MÉTODOS: 40 pacientes de ambos os sexos (31 mulheres), idades entre 18 e 55 anos (38,65±9,96) iniciaram monoterapia com sertralina e foram avaliados por quatro semanas. A amostra foi dividida em grupo intervenção (GI- n=20) que foram medicados e participaram do treinamento físico aeróbio, e grupo controle (GC- n=20) que utilizou apenas a farmacoterapia. Os pacientes foram avaliados no início e fim do programa por meio da escala de Hamilton-17 itens (HAM-D-17), Inventário de Depressão de Beck (BDI), escala de Impressão Clínica Global (CGI) e parâmetros de aptidão cardiorrespiratória. Para se obter a melhor expressão dos índices de avaliação funcional dos pacientes de ambos os grupos usamos a ergoespirometria, teste que determinou as variáveis respiratórias, metabólicas e cardiovasculares de cada paciente. RESULTADOS: Após 4 semanas de exercício aeróbio supervisionado houve redução significativa (p < 0,05) nas escalas de HAM-D-17 e BDI, entre os momentos inicial e final, tanto no GI como no GC. Não foi encontrada diferença significante entre os grupos quanto à resposta ao tratamento (p > 0,99) ou remissão do episódio depressivo (p = 0,695). Entretanto, a redução dos sintomas de depressão foi mais acentuada no GI (- 43,2%) mesmo este grupo tendo utilizado uma dose de antidepressivo menor que o GC (p = 0,004). Houve alteração significativa dos parâmetros cardiopulmonares no GI [ (VO2máx- p < 0,001, PO2- p= 0,008, LV2 (VO2) - p=0,010) ]. Não foi encontrado correlação entre o delta HAM-D-17 e o delta VO2máx. (r = -0,179; p = 0, 270; n = 40), mas, uma correlação significativa (p < 0,05) foi observada entre as variáveis delta LV2 (VO2) e delta BDI, no GI (r = -0,458; p= 0,042). Quanto à predição de resposta, o índice de massa corpórea (IMC) inicial apresentou relação linear com o delta HAM-D-17 (p=0,01). CONCLUSÃO: Embora não tenha havido uma associação significativa entre o programa regular de exercício supervisionado e a melhora dos escores de depressão, estes dados preliminares mostraram efeitos diretos do exercício físico na aptidão cardiorrespiratória dos pacientes com TDM. Entretanto, cabe ressaltar que a diferença encontrada na dose de antidepressivo utilizada nos grupos (p=0,04) pode significar uma interferência positiva do exercício físico INTRODUCTION: Major depressive disorder (MDD) causes harmful effects on physical health and social life of the patient taking them to isolation, reducing their physical and professional capacity and increasing the risk of death. It is also known the importance of supervised exercise in maintaining quality of life and, most recently as adjunctive therapy in depression. Most depressed individuals could have benefits with physical exercises training, once under the physiological point of view, these individuals have an impaired aerobic capacity and high propensity for metabolic syndrome. In this sense, evidences links the role of aerobic exercise as a factor regulating the levels of monoamines, cortisol and neurotrophic factors, mechanisms similar to those of antidepressants. It is also known its effects on improvement of cardiopulmonary parameters, cognitive functions, promoting self-esteem, social interaction, among other benefits in promoting health state of these individuals. However, most studies conducted in order to understand the underlying mechanisms of physical exercise to improve symptoms of depression is criticized for methodological flaws and limitations, in addition to inaccuracy about the period and intensity needed for training leading to positive adaptations. Therefore, this study proposed to minimize these criticisms by assessing a homogeneous sample of patients with MDD and evaluating changes in biological parameters, after systematized aerobic physical training associated with antidepressant pharmacotherapy. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of physical exercise associated with pharmacotherapy in the treatment of MDD. METHODS: 40 patients of both genders (31 women), aged between 18 and 55 years (38, 65 ± 9, 96), in monotherapy treatement with sertraline were evaluated for four weeks. The sample was divided into intervention group (IG n = 20) that receive exercise training and antidepressant pharmacotherapy, and control group (CG n = 20) only with pharmacotherapy. Patients were evaluated at the beginning and at the end of the program by the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale - 17 items (HAM-D-17), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) Global Clinical impression (CGI) and scale parameters of cardiorespiratory fitness. To obtain the best expression of functional evaluation indexes we used ergospirometry to determine respiratory, metabolic and cardiovascular each patient. RESULTS: After 4 weeks of supervised aerobic exercise, there was a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in the scale of HAM-D-17 and BDI between the initial and final evaluations. There was no significant difference between groups regarding response to antidepressant pharmacotherapy (p > 0.99) and episode remission (p = 0.695). The reduction of symptoms of depression was more marked in the IG (-43.2 percent) even though this group having used a dose of antidepressant less than the CG (p = 0.004). There was a significant change of cardiopulmonary parameters in IG [(VO2max- p < 0.001, PO2- p = 0.008, LV2 (VO2) - p = 0.010)]. No correlation was found between the delta HAM-D-17 and delta VO2max. (r = -0.179; p = 0.270; n = 40), but a significant correlation (p < 0.05) was observed between variables delta LV2 (VO2) and delta BDI, in IG (r = -0.458 p=0.042). As for the prediction of response, initial body mass index presented linear relationship with the Delta HAM-D-17 (p = 0.01). CONCLUSION: Although there has not been a significant association between regular supervised exercise program and improvement of depression scores, our results shows a direct effects of supervised physical exercise on cardiorespiratory fitness of patients with MDD. However, it is noteworthy that the difference found in the dose of an antidepressant used in the groups (p= 0.04) can be due to a positive interference of supervised physical exercise

Background Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a highly prevalent, heterogeneous and systemic medical condition. Treatment options are limited, and recent studies have suggested that physical exercise can play an important role in the therapeutics of MDD. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antidepressant efficacy of adjunctive aerobic activity in association with pharmacotherapy (selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor) in symptomatic MDD as well as its association with physiological biomarkers. Methods In this randomized, single-blind, add-on, controlled clinical trial, 57 patients (18–55 years of age) were followed-up for 28 days. All patients were drug-free, had been diagnosed with symptomatic MDD and received flexible dose of sertraline during the trial. Patients were randomized to either a 4-week program (4x/week) of add-on aerobic exercise (exercise group, N = 29) or no activity (control group, N = 28). Depression severity was assessed using the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAM-D) as the primary outcome. At baseline and endpoint, all patients underwent a comprehensive metabolic/cardiopulmonary exercise testing—including determination of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), VO2 at the second ventilatory threshold (VO2-VT2), and oxygen pulse (O2 pulse). Results Depression scores significantly decreased in both groups after intervention. Importantly, patients in the aerobic exercise group required lower sertraline dose compared to the control group (sertraline monotherapy). The VO2max and O2 pulse parameters increased over time only in the exercise group and remained unchanged in the control group. Conclusions The present findings suggest that a 4-week training of aerobic exercise significantly improves functional capacity in patients with MDD and may be associated with antidepressant efficacy. This approach may also decrease the need for higher doses of antidepressants to achieve response. Further studies in unmedicated and treatment-resistant MDD patients are needed in order to confirm the utility of short-term aerobic exercise as an alternative therapeutic approach in MDD. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02427789

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The authors describe a 16-year-old boy, previously healthy, who was admitted to our hospital for left-sided spontaneous pneumothorax. On physical examination he presented with marfanoid habitus. Pneumothorax was managed conservatively with resolution. Four months later he had a recurrence of left-sided pneumothorax and 1 week after that he presented with contralateral pneumothorax. He underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery twice for bullectomy and pleurodesis. No further recurrence was stated. Additional investigation showed a prolapsed cardiac mitral valve and Marfan syndrome was confirmed genetically.

We present a previously healthy 9-month-old girl which presented to our emergency department with coryzal-like symptoms, a 3-day history of fever and rigours and large purpuric plaques with irregular, annular and targetoid shapes, located on the face, hands and perineum and sparing the trunk, which had appeared in the previous 24 h and were still progressing (figures 1 and 2). There was bilateral oedema of the hands and feet. She had …

Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Biotecnologia FucoPol is a fucose-containing biopolymer produced by the bacterium Gram-negative, Enterobacter A47 DSM 23139. It is an exopolysaccharide (EPS) composed of neutral sugars (fucose, galactose, glucose), an acidic sugar (glucuronic acid), and also non-saccharide substituents (acetate, pyruvate and succinate). In this work, two primary objectives were considered: the optimization of EPS production by varying two different parameters, and the functional properties’ assessment of different EPS produced by the bacterium. In the optimization study, the influence of different dissolved oxygen concentrations (controlled at 10, 30 and 60% of air saturation), and the impact of phosphate concentration reduction in the culture medium (5.25 and 3.81 g L-1) were assessed. The objective was to evaluate not only the effect of both parameters on cellular growth and exopolysaccharide-synthesis, but also to determine their influence in EPS chemical composition. The best results were obtained with DO at 10%, with the highest EPS production (6.11 g L-1), and although a reduction of phosphate concentration didn’t affect the EPS production, it reduced the exopolysaccharide’s fucose content to 24%mol. Secondly, the functional properties of nine distinct exopolysaccharides synthesized by Enterobacter A47 under different cultivation conditions were evaluated. Rheologically, most of the EPS polymer solutions showed shear-thinning behavior, wherein EPS-s, EPS-g and GNEX achieved the highest apparent viscosity (0.2 - 0.3 Pa.s) at lower shear rates (0.3 to 1 s-1). Also, most of the polymers presented emulsifying capacity at different temperatures. Concerning the film-forming capacity, EPS-s, EPS-g and EPS-x films demonstrated to have good mechanical properties and high water vapour permeability. And, all polymers described flocculating activity at 0.01% of EPS, which was significantly diminished at lower concentration, 0.001%.

A União Europeu, a partir de 2005, exigiu a aplicação do normativo internacional às empresas cotadas em qualquer Estado-Membro, aquando da preparação das respectivas demonstrações financeiras consolidadas. Diversos estudos, como Barth et al. (2008) e Horton et al. (2010) comprovaram que a qualidade do reporte financeiro é superior após a adopção das IAS/IFRS. Contudo, acredita-se que a evolução da qualidade da informação financeira possa não ser idêntica entre países, uma vez que, segundo Nobes (2011) os padrões nacionais continuam a influenciar as práticas contabilísticas apesar da tentativa de harmonização. Neste sentido, o presente estudo empírico visa analisar a influência da adopção obrigatória das normas internacionais IAS/IFRS sobre a qualidade da informação financeira, bem como verificar se a adopção das IAS/IFRS influenciou de igual forma a qualidade de reporte financeiro de cada país. Para tal, recorreu-se a uma amostra de países cujos sistemas contabilísticos estiveram outrora orientados para a fiscalidade, designadamente, Bélgica, Itália e França. Para o alcance destes objectivos utilizaram-se as métricas apresentadas por Barth et al. (2008), amplamente usadas em estudos anteriores, com o intuito de analisar a evolução sobre a gestão de resultados, reconhecimento atempado das perdas e relevância da informação financeira. Os resultados revelaram que a qualidade da informação financeira no período de pós-adopção das IAS/IFRS não é superior à verificada no período de pré-adopção, quando as empresas aplicavam o normativo local e evoluiu, genericamente, no mesmo sentido entre os três países estudados, particularmente no que respeita à gestão de resultados e reconhecimento atempado das perdas. The European Union has demanded the application of international accounting standards since 2005 for firms quoted and governed by the law of a Member State, when they prepare their consolidated statements. Several prior studies, like Barth et al. (2008) and Chen et al. (2010) have proven that financial reporting quality is higher after firms adopt IAS/IFRS. However, the evolution of financial reporting quality cannot be similar between countries, follow Nobes (2011), the national patterns have continued into IAS/IFRS practice, although attempt accounting harmonization. Therefore, the purpose of this empirical study is to verify the influence of mandatory adoption of IAS/IFRS in financial reporting quality, as well as, intending to verify if mandatory adoption has influenced financial reporting quality similarly in each country. In this order, our sample is based on countries, whose accounting systems were tax dominated in the past, specifically Belgium, Italy and France. To achieve this purpose we’ve used the same quality metrics that Barth et al. (2008), widely used in prior studies to analyse the evolution in earnings management, timely loss recognition and value relevance. The results show that financial reporting quality in the pre-adoption period isn’t higher than in the post-adoption period, when the firms used the local standards and generally, it has decreased between the three countries studied, specifically in earnings management and timely loss recognition.

Gestão de Serviços Master in Services Management

Foi estudado a utilização dos frutos abóbora e moranga na produção de doce de leite pastoso. Estudou-se os seguintes tratamentos: 1) polpa de abórora, 2) polpa de moranga, e 3) polpa de abóbora e moranga. Os resultados experimentais mostraram que o melhor fruto a mesclar com o doce de leite é a moranga, vindo em seguida a mistura dos frutos. Tanto o doce de leite com moranga como com mistura de frutos, classifica-se no grau de apreciação entre "gostei" e "gostei muito". Já com a abóbora, no grau de apreciação "indiferente". O atributo mais importante na discriminação das amostras foi o sabor. Pumpkin and squash were studied in the production of sweet condensed caramelized milk "dulce de leche". The following treatments were studied: 1) pumpkin pulp, 2) squash pulp and 3) pumpkin and squash pulps. Experimental results showed that pumpkin pulp is the preffered one to be mixed with the "dulce de leche"; next is the mixture of the two pulps. The product containing squash pulp as well as the product containing pumpkin and squash pulps was classified in the degree of appreciation between "like" and "like very much". On the other hand the product with pumpkin pulp was classified in the degree of appreciation "indiferent". The most important attribute in the discrimination of the samples was the flavour.

Acquired inhibitors of coagulation causing bleeding manifestations are rare in children. They emerge, normally in the context of autoimmune diseases or drug ingestion, but transient and self-limiting cases can occur after viral infection. We describe, an otherwise healthy, 7-year-old girl who had gingival bleeding after a tooth extraction. The prothrombin time (PT) and the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) were both prolonged with evidence of an immediate acting inhibitor (lupic anticoagulant). Further coagulation studies demonstrated prothrombin (FII) deficiency and prothrombin directed (FII) antibodies. The serological tests to detect an underlying autoimmune disease were all negative. The coagulation studies normalised alongside the disappearance of the antibody. This article presents lupus anticoagulant hypoprothrombinaemia syndrome (LAHS) as a rare case of acquired bleeding diathesis in childhood.

Relatório Final de Prática de Ensino Supervisionada do Mestrado em Educação Pré-escolar apresentado na Escola Superior de Educação do Instituto Politécnico de Viana do Castelo Este projeto investigativo realizou-se em contexto de PES II com um grupo de crianças em idades pré-escolar entre os 3/4 anos. Intitula-se por “O Safari dos Animais: estudo desenvolvido em contexto pré-escolar”, abordando a importância da música e da temática animal no pré-escolar. Resulta de uma adaptação da obra “O Carnaval dos Animais” de Camille Saint-Saëns explorando a temática animal com incidência na expressão plástica e expressão musical. A escolha deste projeto teve por base as necessidades diagnosticadas através das observações realizadas durante a PES I, onde se foi verificando que esta temática e as atividades artísticas não eram exploradas com a regularidade devida. É ainda de referir que o projeto surge com a implementação de algumas atividades durante a PESI onde as crianças demonstraram o fascínio pelos animais e pela música, possibilitando a interligação entre as duas temáticas e promover aprendizagens em diferentes áreas e domínios. A metodologia utilizada foi de natureza qualitativa, optando-se pelo método de investigação-ação. Através da observação participante, principal instrumento de recolha de dados, bem como os registos audiovisuais e fotográficos permitiram a feitura da análise e interpretação dos resultados para chegarmos às conclusões de todo o processo investigativo. Este estudo teve por base nove sessões de atividades realizadas individualmente em grande e pequenos grupos de trabalho, motivando as crianças a reter as aprendizagens planeadas de forma adequadas para as mesmas. No decorrer deste estudo e através da análise e interpretação dos dados obtidos verificámos que as aprendizagens adquiridas favoreceram a transversalidade de conhecimentos no ensino do pré-escolar de uma forma desafiante e com um caráter lúdico. Ao recorrer à expressão musical e plástica, o grupo mostrou-se interessado na elaboração das sessões de atividades do projeto. Conclui-se que com o recurso da implementação de atividades participativas promovem os índices motivacionais que por sua vez permitem o desenvolvimento e aquisição de competências educativas transversais. This research project was written within the framework of Supervised Teaching Practices II (STP II), using a group of children in preschool, aged 3 to 4 years old. Its name, “Animal Safari: study developed within a preschool framework”, relates to the importance of music and the theme of animals in preschool. It was inspired in the musical suite composed by Camille Saint-Saëns, The Carnival of the Animals (Le Carnaval des Animaux), which focuses on the exploration of animal themes and imagery using plastic arts and musical expression. The reason for choosing this project was mainly due to the already diagnosed needs during the STP I, where it was observed that this theme and its related activities were not developed and worked on as frequently as they should be. However, the excitement and enthusiasm that the children demonstrated when this theme was mentioned should not be disregarded. And so it was seen as most advantageous to pursue the idea of how these two themes could be connected, thus enriching the children’s study. The procedure used to the completion of this project was one of acting upon investigating, while using a qualitative methodology. Through participative observation, the main tool for data collection, as well as through audiovisual and photographic records, we were able to make an analysis and an interpretation of the results and reach the conclusions of the investigative process. In this study, nine activity sessions were performed, either individually or using large and small groups, so that the children were motivated to actually learn and absorb what they were taught in an interesting and relevant way. While performing this study and through the analysis and interpretation of the collected data, we were able to infer that the skills and knowledge learnt in this project improved preschool knowledge in a challenging but recreational way. In conclusion, we gather that the implementation of joined activities will promote motivation, which, in turn, will allow the development and acquisition of educational competences.

Dissertation presented in partial fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master in Biotechnology Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) constitute a group of biobased and biodegradable polymers, which have been recognized as good substitutes for petroleum-based polymers in many applications. The large-scale production of PHAs is limited by the high cost of the most commonly used carbon sources (e.g. glucose, sucrose). However, the food industry generates large amounts of wastes, including fat-containing materials that can be used as low cost carbon sources for microbial cultivation, due their high carbon content. In this study, several bacterial strains (Cupriavidus necator, Comamonas testosteroni, Pseudomonas oleovorans, P. resinovorans, P. stutzeri, and P. citronellolis) were evaluated for their ability to grow and produce PHAs using fat-containing wastes generated by the food industry. The materials used in this study were mainly composed of free fatty acids, namely mystiric, oleic, linoleic and stearic acid. In the preliminary shake flask experiments, C. necator, C. testosteroni, P. oleovorans and P. citronellolis were able to grow and produce PHA polymer on margarine waste with the highest content. Those strains were selected for batch bioreactor experiments, wherein C. necator reached the highest polymer content (56%, wt/wt) and volumetric productivity (0.33 gPHA/L.h), Lower PHA contents were achieved by P. citronellolis and P. oleovorans (7.0 and 8.5%, wt/wt, respectively). However, in contrast with C. necator that synthesized polyhydroxybutyrate [P3(HB)], those strains produced medium chain length polyesters (mcl-PHA) containing monomers of 3-hydroxyoctanoate (HO) and 3-hydroxydecanoate (HD). C. necator was also cultivated in two different fed-batch strategies. The first cultivation achieved 76% (wt/wt) of P(3HB), while high cell densities were obtained in the second cultivation (48 g/L of active biomass concentration). Finally, the P(3HB) and mcl-PHA polymers had a glass transition temperature of 0.5–7.9ºC and -45.6, a melting point of 169.3–173.4ºC and 60.9ºC, and degree of crystallinity of 48.7–56.6% and 0.7%, respectively.