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-El concepto de Aula de Música ha cambiado. Ya no se circunscribe a las cuatro paredes de la clase y se ha ampliado no solo a los espacios circundantes sino, a través de los medios tecnológicos actuales, a los recursos musicales que nos ofrece la Red. De esta forma nuestra aula se nos presenta en tres realidades que se superponen: la física, la digital-virtual y la aumentada. -The music classroom has changed. Today it isn’t only four walls. The class has been enlarged not only to the surroundings but to other sites in the Network. Our music class has three realities now: physical, digital-virtual and augmented. DOI 10.20420/GUIN.2013.0050

-En este artículo nos centramos en el empleo didáctico del M-learning, sus grandes posibilidades comunicativas y facilitadoras de acceso a la información, y especialmente el uso del smartphone y otros dispositivos móviles como recurso educativo para el conocimiento de la música de las Islas Canarias. -In this article we talk about the didactic use of the mlearning, its great posibilities in the communication field and the access to information, and especially the use of smartphones and other mobile devices as an educational resource to learn the music of the Canary Islands.

Reflexionar sobre la integración de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación en la práctica curricular es la intención de este artículo. Decir que las mis- mas suponen, hoy en día, un valor añadido (imprescindible) al proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje es hablar de una educación inmersa ya en el siglo XXI y, por tanto, en la sociedad actual. Exponemos, desde la práctica y la investigación contrastada, una re- flexión sobre el empleo de diversas herramientas de la Web 2.0. Sirven estas para potenciar tanto la interacción entre los miembros de la comunidad educativa como para promover un sistema de trabajo creativo , participativo y enormemente motivador.

La edición de audio como recurso didáctico en el Aula de Música de Secundaria es el eje vertebrador de este artículo. El podcast como elemento facilitador de la adquisición de las competencias básicas al acercar al alumnado a las TIC, al trabajo colaborativo, al dominio de la propia lengua como elemento comunicador, al gusto artístico, etc. Un formato que sensibiliza a unos adolescentes que se han desarrollado en el mundo de la imagen con el empleo comunicador del sonido.

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) represent a clinical and epidemiological problem of worldwide impact that affects the economy and the emotional state of the patient. Control of the condition is complicated due to multidrug resistance of pathogens associated with the disease. Considering the difficulty in carrying out effective treatment with antimicrobials, it is necessary to propose alternatives that improve the clinical status of the patients. With this purpose, in a previous study, the safety and immunostimulant capacity of a polyvalent lysate designated UNAM-HIMFG prepared with different bacteria isolated during a prospective study of chronic urinary tract infection (CUTI) was evaluated. In this work, using an animal model, results are presented on the immunostimulant and protective activity of the polyvalent UNAM-HIMFG lysate to define its potential use in the control and treatment of CUTI. Female Balb/c mice were infected through the urethra with Escherichia coli CFT073 (UPEC O6:K2:H1) strain; urine samples were collected before the infection and every week for up to 60 days. Once the animals were colonized, sublingual doses of UNAM-HIMFG lysate were administrated. The colonization of the bladder and kidneys was evaluated by culture, and their alterations were assessed using histopathological analysis. On the other hand, the immunostimulant activity of the compound was analyzed by qPCR of spleen mRNA. Uninfected animals receiving UNAM-HIMFG lysate and infected animals administered with the physiological saline solution were used as controls. During this study, the clinical status and evolution of the animals were evaluated. At ninety-six hours after infection, the presence of CFT073 was identified in the urine of infected animals, and then, sublingual administration of UNAM-HIMFG lysate was started every week for 60 days. The urine culture of mice treated with UNAM-HIMFG lysate showed the presence of bacteria for three weeks post-treatment; in contrast, in the untreated animals, positive cultures were observed until the 60th day of this study. The histological analysis of bladder samples from untreated animals showed the presence of chronic inflammation and bacteria in the submucosa, while tissues from mice treated with UNAM-HIMFG lysate did not show alterations. The same analysis of kidney samples of the two groups (treated and untreated) did not present alterations. Immunostimulant activity assays of UNAM-HIMFG lysate showed overexpression of TNF-α and IL-10. Results suggest that the lysate activates the expression of cytokines that inhibit the growth of inoculated bacteria and control the inflammation responsible for tissue damage. In conclusion, UNAM-HIMFG lysate is effective for the treatment and control of CUTIs without the use of antimicrobials.

Faced with the uncertainty of whether the vaccines against Covid-19 are effective or not and faced with living or dying, it is important to know the perception and expectation of their acceptance. The main aim of the study to analyze the perception and expectation of the vaccine against Covid- 19 that South American families have in an urban area of De Pasco. Descriptive, cross-sectional study, simple random sampling of 197 families. The participants were recruited digitally through a neighborhood leadership and an online survey was applied with prior consent. The logistic regression analysis was performed in EPIDAT 4.1 with a significance level of 5%. Regarding the desire to be vaccinated, it is worth noting that a family member died from the coronavirus, hence the health personnel must continue with the preventive promotional work of vaccination in order to obtain favorable results in the entire population. The majority (100%) have a favorable perception and expectation about the vaccine against Covid- 19 ( X c 2 =132.83) and the p-value (0.00); As regards the desire to be vaccinated, it is worth noting having had a family member die from the coronavirus, hence the health personnel must continue with the preventive promotional work of vaccination in order to obtain favorable results in the entire population.

Overuse of antimicrobials has greatly contributed to the increase in the emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria, a situation that hinders the control and treatment of infectious diseases. This is the case with urinary tract infections (UTIs), which represent a substantial percentage of worldwide public health problems, thus the need to look for alternatives for their control and treatment. Previous studies have shown the usefulness of autologous bacterial lysates as an alternative for the treatment and control of UTIs. However, a limitation is the high cost of producing individual immunogens. At the same time, an important aspect of vaccines is their immunogenic amplitude, which is the reason why they must be constituted of diverse antigenic components. In the case of UTIs, the etiology of the disease is associated with different bacteria, and even Escherichia coli , the main causal agent of the disease, is made up of several antigenic variants. In this work, we present results on the study of a bacterial lysate composed of 10 serotypes of Escherichia coli and by Klebsiella pneumoniae , Klebsiella aerogenes , Enterococcus faecalis , Proteus mirabilis , Citrobacter freundii , and Staphylococcus haemolyticus . The safety of the compound was tested on cells in culture and in an animal model, and its immunogenic capacity by analysing in vitro human and murine macrophages (cell line J774 A1). The results show that the polyvalent lysate did not cause damage to the cells in culture or alterations in the animal model used. The immunostimulatory activity assay showed that it activates the secretion of TNF-α and IL-6 in human macrophages and TNF-α in murine cells. The obtained results suggest that the polyvalent lysate evaluated can be an alternative for the treatment and control of chronic urinary tract infections, which will reduce the use of antimicrobials.

Regenerative Peripheral Nerve Interfaces (RPNIs) encompass neurotized muscle grafts employed for the purpose of amplifying peripheral nerve electrical signaling. The aim of this investigation was to undertake an analysis of the extant literature concerning animal models utilized in the context of RPNIs. A systematic review of the literature of RPNI techniques in animal models was performed in line with the PRISMA statement using the MEDLINE/PubMed and Embase databases from January 1970 to September 2023. Within the compilation of one hundred and four articles employing the RPNI technique, a subset of thirty-five were conducted using animal models across six distinct institutions. The majority (91%) of these studies were performed on murine models, while the remaining (9%) were conducted employing macaque models. The most frequently employed anatomical components in the construction of the RPNIs were the common peroneal nerve and the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle. Through various histological techniques, robust neoangiogenesis and axonal regeneration were evidenced. Functionally, the RPNIs demonstrated the capability to discern, record, and amplify action potentials, a competence that exhibited commendable long-term stability. Different RPNI animal models have been replicated across different studies. Histological, neurophysiological, and functional analyses are summarized to be used in future studies.

In view of the continuous resistance to antibacterial agents by bacteria and the existing problems of silver nanoparticles as an antibacterial agent, this study reports on the synthesis of pure zirconium oxide, silver oxide, and ZrO 2 -Ag 2 O nanoparticles by sol-gel method. The nanoparticles were analyzed and tested for their antibacterial activity against gram-positive bacteria of Bacillus subtilis , Streptococcus mutans , Staphylococcus aureus , and gram-negative of Escherichia coli , Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella oxytoca . X-ray diffraction showed the monoclinic ZrO 2 , cubic Ag 2 O, and peaks corresponding to ZrO 2 and Ag 2 O in their mixed samples. Scanning electron microscopy showed spherically shaped nanoparticles while dynamic light scattering analysis showed ZrO 2 (76 nm), Ag 2 O (50 nm), and ZrO 2 -Ag 2 O samples between 14 and 42 nm. The Fourier Transformed Infrared spectroscopy spectra of ZrO 2 gave bands at 480 cm -1 to 750 cm -1 (M-O stretching) with Ag 2 O at 580 cm -1 , while ZrO 2 -Ag 2 O samples showed bands at 760 cm -1 . The screening by agar diffusion assay revealed a pronounced increase in the antibacterial activity of ZrO 2 -Ag 2 O against all the tested bacteria when compared with the pure ZrO 2 and Ag 2 O. The improved antibacterial activity of ZrO 2 -Ag 2 O largely results from the chemical stability conferred on it by the ZrO 2 as observed from the zeta potential measurement., Competing Interests: Declaration of Conflicting Interests: The author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article., (© The Author(s) 2020.)

The growth hormone is involved in skin homeostasis and wound healing. We hypothesize whether it is possible to improve pressure ulcer (PU) healing by locally applying the recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) in a human skin mouse model. Non-obese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficient mice ( n = 10) were engrafted with a full-thickness human skin graft. After 60 days with stable grafts, human skin underwent three cycles of ischemia-reperfusion with a compression device to create a PU. Mice were classified into two groups: rhGH treatment group ( n = 5) and control group ( n = 5). In the rhGH group for local intradermal injections, each had 0.15 mg (0.5IU) applied to the PU edges, once per week for four weeks. Evaluation of the wound healing was conducted with photographic and visual assessments, and histological analysis was performed after complete wound healing. The results showed a healing rate twice as fast in the rhGH group compared to the control group (1.25 ± 0.33 mm2/day versus 0.61 ± 0.27 mm2/day; p -value < 0.05), with a faster healing rate during the first 30 days. The rhGH group showed thicker skin (1953 ± 457 µm versus 1060 ± 208 µm; p -value < 0.05) in the repaired area, with a significant decrease in collagen type I/III ratio at wound closure (62 days, range 60-70). Local administration of the rhGH accelerates PU healing in our model. The rhGH may have a clinical use in pressure ulcer treatment.

Background: Tumor cell resistance to chemotherapy agents is one of the main problems in the eradication of different neoplasias. One of the mechanisms of this process is the overexpression of anti-apoptotic proteins such as Bcl-2 and Bcl- XL ; blocking the activity of these proteins may contribute to the sensitization of tumor cells and allow the adequate effects of chemotherapeutic drugs., Methods and Results: This study adressed the transfection of prostate cancer cells (PC3) with a plasmid encoding a recombinant protein with an antagonist peptide from the BH3 region of the Bax protein fused to the GFP reporter protein (BaxGFP). This protein induced apoptosis of these tumor cells; further, selective transport of this plasmid to the tumor cell with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (strain SL3261), a live-attenuated bacterial vector, can induce sensitization of the tumor cell to the action of drugs such as cisplatin, through a process known as bactofection., Conclusions: These results suggest that Salmonella enterica can be used as a carrier vector of nucleotide sequences encoding heterologous molecules used in antitumor therapy., (Copyright © 2016 Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez. Publicado por Masson Doyma México S.A. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: Pressure ulcers are a prevalent health problem in today's society. The shortage of suitable animal models limits our understanding and our ability to develop new therapies. This study aims to report on the development of a novel and reproducible human skin pressure ulcer model in mice., Material and Methods: Male non-obese, diabetic, severe combined immunodeficiency mice (n = 22) were engrafted with human skin. A full-thickness skin graft was placed onto 4×3 cm wounds created on the dorsal skin of the mice. Two groups with permanent grafts were studied after 60 days. The control group (n = 6) was focused on the process of engraftment. Evaluations were conducted with photographic assessment, histological analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) techniques. The pressure ulcer group (n = 12) was created using a compression device. A pressure of 150 mmHg for 8 h, with a total of three cycles of compression-release was exerted. Evaluations were conducted with photographic assessment and histological analysis., Results: Skin grafts in the control group took successfully, as shown by visual assessment, FISH techniques and histological analysis. Pressure ulcers in the second group showed full-thickness skin loss with damage and necrosis of all the epidermal and dermal layers (ulcer stage III) in all cases. Complete repair occurred after 40 days., Conclusions: An inexpensive, reproducible human skin pressure ulcer model has been developed. This novel model will facilitate the development of new clinically relevant therapeutic strategies that can be tested directly on human skin.