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The $^{12}$C(p,2p)$^{11}$B reaction at $E_p =98.7$ MeV proton beam energy is analyzed using a rigorous three-particle scattering formalism extended to include the internal excitation of the nuclear core or residual nucleus. The excitation proceeds via the core interaction with any of the external nucleons. We assume the $^{11}$B ground and low-lying excited states [$\frac32^-$ (0.0 MeV), $\frac52^-$ (4.45 MeV), $\frac72^-$ (6.74 MeV)] and the excited states [$\frac12^-$ (2.12 MeV), $\frac32^-$ (5.02 MeV)] to be members of $K=\frac32^-$ and $K=\frac12^-$ rotational bands, respectively. The dynamical core excitation results in a significant cross section for the reaction leading to the $\frac52^-$ (4.45 MeV) excited state of $^{11}$B that cannot be populated through the single-particle excitation mechanism. The detailed agreement between the theoretical calculations and data depends on the used optical model parametrizations and the kinematical configuration of the detected nucleons., Comment: 6.5 pages, 3 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Lett. B

The evolution of the traditional nuclear magic numbers away from the valley of stability is an active field of research. Experimental efforts focus on providing key spectroscopic information that will shed light into the structure of exotic nuclei and understanding the driving mechanism behind the shell evolution. In this work, we investigate the Z = 6 spin-orbit shell gap towards the neutron dripline. To do so, we employed $^{A}$N(p,2p)$^{A-1}$C quasi-free scattering reactions to measure the proton component of the 2$^+_1$ state of $^{16,18,20}$C. The experimental findings support the notion of a moderate reduction of the proton 1p$_{1/2}$-1p$_{3/2}$ spin-orbit splitting, at variance to recent claims for a prevalent Z = 6 magic number towards the neutron dripline., Comment: 27 pages, 5 figures, 2 tables. Submitted to Physics Letter B

We study knockout reactions with proton probes within a theoretical framework where {\it ab initio} Quantum Monte Carlo wave functions are combined with the Faddeev/Alt-Grassberger-Sandhas few-body reaction formalism. New Quantum Monte Carlo wave functions are used to describe $^{12}$C, yielding, for the first time, results consistent with the experimental point rms radii, electron scattering data and (p,2p) total cross sections data. Our results for $\mathrm{A}\leq 12$ and $(N-Z) \leq 3$ nuclei show that the theoretical ratios between the (i) {\it ab initio} and Mean Field Approximation theoretical cross sections, $\mathcal{R}_\sigma$, (ii) corresponding ratios between the spectroscopic factors, $\mathcal{R}_\Sigma$, summed over states below particle emission, depend moderately on the nucleon separation energy S$_{\rm N}$. These ratios are determined by a delicate interplay between the radii of the parent and the residual nuclei and the nucleon separation energy, and were found to be always smaller for the knockout of the more correlated deficient species nucleon. In the case of the symmetric $^{12}$C nucleus, the theoretical ratios still appear to indicate that protons are more correlated than neutrons., Comment: submitted for publication

The emission of neutron pairs from the neutron-rich $N\!=\!12$ isotones $^{18}$C and $^{20}$O has been studied by high-energy nucleon knockout from $^{19}$N and $^{21}$O secondary beams, populating unbound states of the two isotones up to 15~MeV above their two-neutron emission thresholds. The analysis of triple fragment-$n$-$n$ correlations shows that the decay $^{19}$N$(-1p)^{18}$C$^*\!\rightarrow^{16}$C+$n$+$n$ is clearly dominated by direct pair emission. The two-neutron correlation strength, the largest ever observed, suggests the predominance of a $^{14}$C core surrounded by four valence neutrons arranged in strongly correlated pairs. On the other hand, a significant competition of a sequential branch is found in the decay $^{21}$O$(-1n)^{20}$O$^*\!\rightarrow^{18}$O+$n$+$n$, attributed to its formation through the knockout of a deeply-bound neutron that breaks the $^{16}$O core and reduces the number of pairs., Comment: 6 pages, 4 figures, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. Lett

Background: Odd-odd nuclei, around doubly closed shells, have been extensively used to study proton-neutron interactions. However, the evolution of these interactions as a function of the binding energy, ultimately when nuclei become unbound, is poorly known. The $^{26}$F nucleus, composed of a deeply bound $\pi0d\_{5/2}$ proton and an unbound $\nu0d\_{3/2}$ neutron on top of an $^{24}$O core, is particularly adapted for this purpose. The coupling of this proton and neutron results in a $J^{\pi} = 1^{+}\_1 - 4^{+}\_1$ multiplet, whose energies must be determined to study the influence of the proximity of the continuum on the corresponding proton-neutron interaction. The $J^{\pi} = 1^{+}\_1, 2^{+}\_1,4^{+}\_1$ bound states have been determined, and only a clear identification of the $J^{\pi} =3^{+}\_1$ is missing.Purpose: We wish to complete the study of the $J^{\pi} = 1^{+}\_1 - 4^{+}\_1$ multiplet in $^{26}$F, by studying the energy and width of the $J^{\pi} =3^{+}\_1$ unbound state. The method was firstly validated by the study of unbound states in $^{25}$F, for which resonances were already observed in a previous experiment.Method: Radioactive beams of $^{26}$Ne and $^{27}$Ne, produced at about $440A$\,MeV by the FRagment Separator at the GSI facility, were used to populate unbound states in $^{25}$F and $^{26}$F via one-proton knockout reactions on a CH$\_2$ target, located at the object focal point of the R$^3$B/LAND setup. The detection of emitted $\gamma$-rays and neutrons, added to the reconstruction of the momentum vector of the $A-1$ nuclei, allowed the determination of the energy of three unbound states in $^{25}$F and two in $^{26}$F. Results: Based on its width and decay properties, the first unbound state in $^{25}$F is proposed to be a $J^{\pi} = 1/2^-$ arising from a $p\_{1/2}$ proton-hole state. In $^{26}$F, the first resonance at 323(33)~keV is proposed to be the $J^{\pi} =3^{+}\_1$ member of the $J^{\pi} = 1^{+}\_1 - 4^{+}\_1$ multiplet. Energies of observed states in $^{25,26}$F have been compared to calculations using the independent-particle shell model, a phenomenological shell-model, and the ab initio valence-space in-medium similarity renormalization group method.Conclusions: The deduced effective proton-neutron interaction is weakened by about 30-40\% in comparison to the models, pointing to the need of implementing the role of the continuum in theoretical descriptions, or to a wrong determination of the atomic mass of $^{26}$F., Comment: 14 pages, 7 figures, 3 tables, submitted to PRC

Core-excitation effects in the scattering of two-body halo nuclei have been investigated in previous works. In particular, these effects have been found to affect in a significant way the breakup cross sections of neutron-halo nuclei with a deformed core. To account for these effects, appropriate extensions of the continuum-discretized coupled-channels (CDCC) method have been recently proposed. We aim to extend these studies to the case of breakup reactions measured under complete kinematics or semi-inclusive reactions in which only the angular or energy distribution of one of the outgoing fragments is measured. We use the standard CDCC method as well as its extended version with core excitations (XCDCC), assuming a pseudo-state basis for describing the projectile states. Two- and three-body observables are computed by projecting the discrete two-body breakup amplitudes, obtained within these reaction frameworks, onto two-body scattering states with definite relative momentum of the outgoing fragments and a definite state of the core nucleus. The presented method provides a tool to compute double and triple differential cross sections for outgoing fragments following the breakup of a two-body projectile, and might be useful to analyze breakup reactions with other deformed weakly-bound nuclei, for which core excitations are expected to play a role. We have found that, while dynamical core excitations are important for the proton target at intermediate energies, they are very small for the Zn target at energies around the Coulomb barrier., Comment: 12 pages, 8 figures, submitted to Physical Review C

The resonant break-up of $^{19}$C on protons measured at RIKEN [Phys. Lett. B 660, 320 (2008)] is analyzed in terms of a valence-core model for $^{19}$C including possible core excitations. The analysis of the angular distribution of a prominent peak appearing in the relative-energy spectrum could be well described with this model and is consistent with the previous assignment of $5/2^{+}$ for this state. Inclusion of core-excitation effects are found to be essential to give the correct magnitude of the cross section for this state. By contrast, the calculation assuming an inert $^{18}$C core is found to largely underestimate the data., Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures, to be submitted

With the R$^{3}$B-LAND setup at GSI we have measured exclusive relative-energy spectra of the Coulomb dissociation of $^{18}$C at a projectile energy around 425~AMeV on a lead target, which are needed to determine the radiative neutron-capture cross sections of $^{17}$C into the ground state of $^{18}$C. Those data have been used to constrain theoretical calculations for transitions populating excited states in $^{18}$C. This allowed to derive the astrophysical cross section $\sigma^{*}_{\mathrm{n}\gamma}$ accounting for the thermal population of $^{17}$C target states in astrophysical scenarios. The experimentally verified capture rate is significantly lower than those of previously obtained Hauser-Feshbach estimations at temperatures $T_{9}\leq{}1$~GK. Network simulations with updated neutron-capture rates and hydrodynamics according to the neutrino-driven wind model as well as the neutron-star merger scenario reveal no pronounced influence of neutron capture of $^{17}$C on the production of second- and third-peak elements in contrast to earlier sensitivity studies.

Background: Models describing nuclear fragmentation and fragmentation-fission deliver important input for planning nuclear physics experiments and future radioactive ion beam facilities. These models are usually benchmarked against data from stable beam experiments. In the future, two-step fragmentation reactions with exotic nuclei as stepping stones are a promising tool to reach the most neutron-rich nuclei, creating a need for models to describe also these reactions. Purpose: We want to extend the presently available data on fragmentation reactions towards the light exotic region on the nuclear chart. Furthermore, we want to improve the understanding of projectile fragmentation especially for unstable isotopes. Method: We have measured projectile fragments from 10,12-18C and 10-15B isotopes colliding with a carbon target. These measurements were all performed within one experiment, which gives rise to a very consistent dataset. We compare our data to model calculations. Results: One-proton removal cross sections with different final neutron numbers (1pxn) for relativistic 10,12-18C and 10-15B isotopes impinging on a carbon target. Comparing model calculations to the data, we find that EPAX is not able to describe the data satisfactorily. Using ABRABLA07 on the other hand, we find that the average excitation energy per abraded nucleon needs to be decreased from 27 MeV to 8.1 MeV. With that decrease ABRABLA07 describes the data surprisingly well. Conclusions: Extending the available data towards light unstable nuclei with a consistent set of new data have allowed for a systematic investigation of the role of the excitation energy induced in projectile fragmentation. Most striking is the apparent mass dependence of the average excitation energy per abraded nucleon. Nevertheless, this parameter, which has been related to final-state interactions, requires further study.

The nucleosynthesis of elements beyond iron is dominated by neutron captures in the s and r processes. However, 32 stable, proton-rich isotopes cannot be formed during those processes, because they are shielded from the s-process flow and r-process beta-decay chains. These nuclei are attributed to the p and rp process. For all those processes, current research in nuclear astrophysics addresses the need for more precise reaction data involving radioactive isotopes. Depending on the particular reaction, direct or inverse kinematics, forward or time-reversed direction are investigated to determine or at least to constrain the desired reaction cross sections. The Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research (FAIR) will offer unique, unprecedented opportunities to investigate many of the important reactions. The high yield of radioactive isotopes, even far away from the valley of stability, allows the investigation of isotopes involved in processes as exotic as the r or rp processes., Comment: Invited Talk given at the Conference Nuclear Physice in Astrophysics VI (NPA6), Lisbon, Portugal, May 19-24 2013. To appear in the NPA6 Proceedings in Journal of Physics: Conference Series (JPCS)

A comparison between full few-body Faddeev/Alt-Grassberger-Sandhas (Faddeev/AGS) and continuum-discretized coupled channels (CDCC) calculations is made for the resonant and nonresonant breakup of $^{11}$Be on proton target at 63.7 MeV/u incident energy. A simplified two-body model is used for $^{11}$Be which involves an inert $^{10}$Be(0$^+$) core and a valence neutron. The sensitivity of the calculated observables to the nucleon-nucleon potential dynamical input is analysed. We show that with the present NN and N-core dynamics the results remain a puzzle for the few-body problem of scattering from light exotic halo nuclei., Comment: To be published Phys Rev Rapid Communication

Ab initio calculations and statistical mechanics are combined to elucidate the thermodynamics of H vacancies in MgH2. A general method based on a grand-canonical ensemble of defect configurations is introduced to model the exchange of hydrogen between crystalline MgH2 and gas-phase H2. We find that, at temperatures and hydrogen partial pressures of practical interest, MgH2 is capable of accommodating only very small concentrations of hydrogen vacancies, which consist mainly of isolated defects rather than vacancy clusters, contrary to what is expected from a simple energetic analysis., Comment: 13 pages, 5 figures. Paper accepted in Physical Review B

Full Faddeev-type calculations are performed for one-neutron knockout reaction of $^{14}$Be on proton target at 69 MeV/u incident energy. Inclusive transverse momentum distributions for the outgoing ($^{12}$Be + n) system and semi-inclusive cross sections are presented. A significant proton-core single scattering contribution emerges where the valence neutron has non zero angular momentum relative to the core. This indicates that distorted-wave impulse approximation is inadequate and the complete multiple scattering series must be taken into account for the considered reaction. The magnitude of the semi-inclusive cross section at quasifree scattering conditions is a clear signature of the angular momentum of the valence nucleon., Comment: To be published in Published in Phys Rev C

Full Faddeev-type calculations are performed for $^{11}$Be breakup on proton target at 38.4, 100, and 200 MeV/u incident energies. The convergence of the multiple scattering expansion is investigated. The results are compared with those of other frameworks like Distorted Wave Impulse Approximation that are based on an incomplete and truncated multiple scattering expansion., Comment: 7 pages, 16 figures, to be published in Phys. Rev. C

Two-body scattering is studied by solving the Lippmann-Schwinger equation in momentum space without angular-momentum decomposition for a local spin dependent short range interaction plus Coulomb. The screening and renormalization approach is employed to treat the Coulomb interaction. Benchmark calculations are performed by comparing our procedure with partial-wave calculations in configuration space for p-10Be, p-16O and 12C-10Be elastic scattering, using a simple optical potential model.

Benchmark calculations are performed aiming to test the use of two different pseudo-state bases on the the Multiple Scattering expansion of the total Transition amplitude (MST) scattering framework. Calculated differential cross sections for p-6He inelastic scattering at 717 MeV/u show a good agreement between the observables calculated in the two bases. This result gives extra confidence on the pseudo-state representation of continuum states to describe inelastic/breakup scattering., Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures. Published in Physical Review C

The elastic scattering differential cross section is calculated for proton scattering from $^6$He at 717 MeV, using single scattering terms of the multiple scattering expansion of the total transition amplitude (MST). We analyse the effects of different scattering frameworks, specifically the Factorized Impulse Approximation (FIA) and the Fixed Scatterer (adiabatic) Approximation (FSA) and the uncertainties associated with the use different structure models., Comment: 22 pages, 9 figures. Accepted for publication in Nuclear Physics A

An analysis of the elastic and one-neutron removal channel for the reaction 8Li+208Pb reaction at energies around the Coulomb barrier is presented. For the elastic scattering, an optical model analysis of the experimental data is performed. The observed 7Li is interpreted as the superposition of the one-neutron transfer reaction, 208Pb(8Li,7Li)209Pb, and the breakup reaction. The separate contribution of each one of these processes has been calculated within the DWBA formalism. The sum of both contributions explains adequately the experimental angular distribution of 7Li., Comment: Corrected version of Contribution to "XXVI Symposium on Nuclear Physic", Taxco, Guerrero (Mexico).Corrected eq.(2) and added eq. (3)

The relevance of the continuum effects in transfer reactions is discussed in conection with the determination of observables of astrophysical interest. In particular, we examine the validity of the Distorted Wave Born Approximation (DWBA) as a tool to extract the astrophysical \emph{(S_{17}(0))} factor. For this purpose, we present calculations for the reaction (^{14})N((^{7} )Be,(^{8})B)(^{13})C comparing the DWBA method with the more sophysticated CDCC-Born approximation, Comment: Contribution to International Symposium on Physics of Unstable Nuclei (ISPUN02) Halong Bay (Vietnam) November 20 to 25, 2002. To be published in Nucl. Phy. A

The cross section for p-$^{11}$Li inelastic scattering at 68 MeV/u is evaluated using the Multiple Scattering expansion of the total Transition amplitude (MST) formalism, and compared with the breakup in the shakeoff approximation. Three different potential models for $^{11}$Li are used to calculate the $^{11}$Li(p,p$'$) continuum excitations, and all show peaks below 3 MeV of excitation energy, both in resonant and some non-resonant channels. In the most realistic model of $^{11}$Li, there is a strong dipole contribution associated with attractive but not a fully-fledged resonant phase shifts, and some evidence for a J$_{nn}^\pi = 0_2^+$ resonant contribution. These together form a pronounced peak at around 1--2 MeV excitation, in agreement with experiment, and this supports the use of the MST as an adequate formalism to study excited modes of two-neutron nuclear halos., Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, to be published Phys Rev C, Rapid Communication

We have studied the transfer reaction $^{14}$N($^7$Be,$^8$B)$^{13}$C at (\mathrm{E}_{\mathrm{lab}}=84) MeV, paying special attention to the effects of the coupling to the continuum in the exit channel. Using the Continuum Discretized Coupled Channels (CDCC) formalism, we find that these effects are important for the description of the elastic scattering observables. However, for the transfer process, differences between the predictions of the differential cross section within the Distorted Wave Born Approximation (DWBA) and the CDCC-Born approximation (CDCC-BA) are found to be negligible. This result supports the use of the DWBA method as a reliable tool to extract the $S_{17}(0)$ factor in this case., Comment: 8 pages (two column), 6 figures

Many approaches to nucleon-nucleus elastic and inelastic scattering are based on the use of the free-space nucleon-nucleon transition amplitude. In calculations where the full spin-dependence of this amplitude is needed, its use is more tractable when it is expressed in terms of irreducible tensor operators of the spins of the interacting nucleons. We present general formulae for this representation which is particularly useful for inelastic scattering studies involving spin-flip transitions of a target nucleon., Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures, submitted to Phys. Rev. C

The asymptotic normalisation coefficients (ANC) for the vertex $^{10}$B $\to$ $^9$Be + p is deduced from a set of different proton transfer reactions at different energies. This set should ensure the peripheral character of the reaction and availability of data for the elastic channels. The problems associated with the characteristics of the data and the analysis are discussed. For a subgroup of the set of available data, the uniqueness property of the extracted ANC is fulfilled. However, more measurements are needed before a definite conclusion can be drawn., Comment: 19 pages, 11 figures, to be published in Phys Rev C

This work addresses the question of precisely what features of few body models of halo nuclei are probed by elastic scattering on protons at high centre-of-mass energies. Our treatment is based on a multiple scattering expansion of the proton-projectile transition amplitude in a form which is well adapted to the weakly bound cluster picture of halo nuclei. In the specific case of $^{11}$Li scattering from protons at 800 MeV/u we show that because core recoil effects are significant, scattering crosssections can not, in general, be deduced from knowledge of the total matter density alone. We advocate that the optical potential concept for the scattering of halo nuclei on protons should be avoided and that the multiple scattering series for the full transition amplitude should be used instead., Comment: 8 pages REVTeX, 1 eps figure, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev. C

The transfer reaction $^7{\rm Be(d,n)}^8{\rm B}$ is modelled for the recent low experimental energies using the DWBA. Tests of the validity of the ANC method for the extraction of the $S_{17}$ astrophysical factor are performed. We show that a peripheral assumption is no longer accurate for center of mass energies greater than approximately 15 MeV. In all cases we found that core deformation and/or excitation effects to be small as long as the optical potential for the entrance channel is not strongly surface peaked. Multistep corrections to the DWBA were found to be small. We also emphasize that the lack of knowledge of the optical potentials for the entrance and outgoing channels induces severe uncertainties in the extracted $S_{17}$ astrophysical factor., Comment: 17 pages, 8 figures, to be published in Phys Rev C

Quadrupole and octupole couplings to all bound states of $^7$Be are included in describing the capture reaction $^7$Be$(p,\gamma)^8$B. We verify, contrary to what we had initially stated, that the energy behaviour of the Astrophysical S-factor in the energy range of interest is not significantly sensitive to the core couplings in the g.s. (g.s.) of $^8$B although its overall magnitude is shifted. We find there is some sensitivity to the various deformation models when introducing the nuclear interaction for calculating the scattering states. The various deformation models predict quite different contributions to the quadrupole and magnetic moments but in order to compare with the data the quadrupole and magnetic moment of $^7$Be need to be measured., Comment: 11 pages, postscript