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Federal Rural University of Amazonia; State University of S?o Paulo Federal Rural University of Amaz?nia. Institute for Animal Health and Production. Bel?m, PA, Brazil. State University of S?o Paulo J?lio de Mesquita Filho. School of Agriculture and Veterinary Sciences. Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil. Minist?rio da Sa?de. Secretaria de Vigil?ncia em Sa?de. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Centro Nacional de Primatas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil. Federal University of Lavras. Veterinary Medicine Departament. Lavras, MG, Brazil. Federal Rural University of Amaz?nia. Institute for Animal Health and Production. Bel?m, PA, Brazil. Federal Rural University of Amaz?nia. Institute for Animal Health and Production. Bel?m, PA, Brazil. Federal Rural University of Amaz?nia. Institute for Animal Health and Production. Bel?m, PA, Brazil. Background: The Saimiri sciureus represents a valuable resource for biomedical research, due to its large number on primate centers and similarity to human anatomy and physiology. The aim of this study was to apply the method proposed by Buchanan & B?cheler in healthy squirrel monkeys (S. sciureus) and determine by radiographic examination, the average value of the vertebral heart size (VHS) for the specie. Method: Laterolateral left (LLL), laterolateral right (LLR), ventrodorsal (VD), and dorsoventral (DV) projections were used for radiographic examinations to evaluate the heart silhouette of S. sciureus. Results: There was no statistical difference between the projections LLL and LLR, or VD and DV, and between males and females, so measurements in the four radiographic projections were not performed. Conclusion: The values obtained in VHS of S. sciureus showed up species specific

Introdu??o: Diversas condi??es patol?gicas podem alterar os linfonodos, como a presen?a de infec??o, inflama??o ou neoplasia. ? fundamental diferenciar doen?as benignas de neoplasias malignas. O objetivo deste estudo ? avaliar o uso de resson?ncia nuclear magn?tica para a caracteriza??o da linfadenopatia tor?cica. M?todos: Primeiramente foi conduzida uma revis?o sistem?tica apresentando os estudos que utilizaram a RNM com imagem ponderada em difus?o para diferencia??o de doen?as benignas de malignas em linfonodos mediastinais. Uma meta-an?lise com a inclus?o de seis estudos foi realizada. Al?m disso, foi conduzido um estudo original com a inclus?o de 47 pacientes diferenciando os achados da resson?ncia nuclear magn?tica entre duas frequentes causas de linfadenopatia mediastinal ? sarcoidose e linfoma. Resultados: A meta-an?lise incluiu 356 linfonodos estudados de 214 pacientes. Com o uso da imagem ponderada em difus?o ? t?cnica de imagem da resson?ncia nuclear magn?tica ? a sensibilidade e especificidade conjunta na diferencia??o de linfonodos benignos e malignos foi de 92% (95% IC: 71%, 98%) e 93% (95% IC: 79%, 98%), respectivamente. No estudo da diferencia??o de linfoma e sarcoidose, entre os 47 pacientes inclu?dos 47% (23/47) foram diagnosticados com sarcoidose e 53% (24/47) com linfoma. N?o houve diferen?a significativa entre a intensidade de sinal nas sequ?ncias T1, T2, localiza??o ou tamanho dos n?dulos entre sarcoidose e linfoma. A raz?o de T2 dos linfonodos na sarcoidose [5,0 (3,7-5,3)] foi significativamente (P = 0,009) menor do que a dos linfonodos do grupo de linfoma [8,3 (4,9-11,9)]. A difus?o dos linfonodos no linfoma [22 (19-54)] foi significativamente (P = 0,003) menor do que a dos linfonodos na sarcoidose [58 (24-96)]. O ADC dos linfonodos do linfoma [993 ? 508] foi significativamente (P = 0,002) menor do que o dos linfonodos com sarcoidose [1668 ? 732]. Conclus?o: A resson?ncia nuclear magn?tica ? uma ferramenta ?til na caracteriza??o dos linfonodos mediastinais e seu uso na diferencia??o entre linfadenopatias malignas de benignas ? justificado. Introduction: Several pathological conditions affect the lymph nodes, such as presence of infection, inflammation, or neoplasia. Differentiating benign diseases from malignant neoplasms is crucial. The aim of this study is to evaluate the use of nuclear magnetic resonance imaging for the characterization of thoracic lymphadenopathy. Methods: First, a systematic review was conducted evaluating the studies that used diffusion-weighted MRI to differentiate benign from malignant diseases in mediastinal lymph nodes. A meta-analysis was conducted with the inclusion of six studies. In addition, an original study was conducted with the inclusion of 47 patients, differentiating the findings of nuclear magnetic resonance between two common causes of mediastinal lymphadenopathy - sarcoidosis and lymphoma. Results: The meta-analysis included 356 lymph nodes studied from 214 patients. With the use of diffusion-weighted imaging ? a nuclear magnetic resonance imaging technique - the pooled sensitivity and specificity in differentiating benign and malignant lymph nodes was 92% (95% CI: 71%, 98%) and 93% (95% CI: 79%, 98%), respectively. In the study of lymphoma and sarcoidosis differentiation, among the 47 patients included, 47% (23/47) were diagnosed with sarcoidosis and 53% (24/47) with lymphoma. There was no significant difference between signal intensity in T1, T2 sequences, location or size of nodules between sarcoidosis and lymphoma. The T2 ratio of lymph nodes in sarcoidosis [5.0 (3.7-5.3)] was significantly (P = 0.009) lower than that of lymph nodes in the lymphoma group [8.3 (4.9-11, 9)]. The diffusion of lymph nodes in lymphoma [22 (19-54)] was significantly (P = 0.003) less than that of lymph nodes in sarcoidosis [58 (24-96)]. The ADC of lymphoma lymph nodes [993 ? 508] was significantly (P = 0.002) lower than that of lymph nodes with sarcoidosis [1668 ? 732]. Conclusion: Magnetic resonance imaging is a useful tool in the characterization of mediastinal lymph nodes and its use in differentiating between benign and malignant lymphadenopathies is justified. Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES

This study aims to examine the role of zakat, infaq and shodaqoh in alleviating poverty in Indonesia for the period 2015-2017. The methodology of this study uses a qualitative approach and the BNDI index is formulated to measure the shortcomings and effectiveness of zakat, infaq and shodaqoh in alleviating poverty. The results obtained from BNDI calculations have been able to explain the effectiveness of zakat, infaq and shodaqoh in alleviating poverty in Indonesia. The calculation results that show large value or close to the value of 1 explains that zakat, infaq, shodaqoh distributed by the BAZNAS Center are not effective in reducing poverty in Indonesia. In the results of this study, there are several provinces with the highest BNDI and the lowest BNDI. This study is expected to be used for policymakers to increase the effectiveness of zakat, infaq, and shodaqoh in alleviating poverty.Keywords: Indonesia, Zakat, Infaq, Shodaqoh, Poverty, Basic Needs Deficiency Index (BNDI).REFFERENCE AA. Anwar Prabu Mangkunegara. (2013). Manajemen sumber daya manusia perusahaan. Bandung: Remaja Rosdakarya.Atabik, Ahmad. 2015. Peranan zakat dalam pengentasan kemiskinan. Jurnal Zakat dan Wakaf, 2(2), 339-361. Chaniago, Siti Aminah. (2015). Pemberdayaan zakat dalam mengentaskan kemiskinan. Jurnal Hukum Islam, 13(1), 47-56.Didin, Hafidhuddin dan Hendri Tanjung. (2003). Manajemen syariah dalam praktik. Jakarta: Gema Insani Press.Etzioni, A. (1964). Modern organizations. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice Hall.Johnston, Melissa P. (2014). Secondary Data Analysis: A Method that which a Time Has Come. Quantitative and Qualitative Methods in Library, 3(3), 619-626.Kementerian Agama Republik Indonesia Tahun. (2016). Alquran dan terjemahan. Bandung: CV Media Fitrah Rabbani.Kuncoro, Mudrajad. (1997). Ekonomi pembangunan, teori masalah dan kebijakan. Yogyakarta: UPP AMP YKPN.Kurniawan, Agung. (2005). Transformasi pelayanan publik. Yogyakarta: Pembaharuan.Lukman Raimi Ashok Patel Ismail Adelopo . (2014). Corporate social responsibility, Waqf system and Zakat system as faith-based model for poverty reduction. World Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development, 10(3), 228-242.Muhidin, Sambas Ali. (2009). Konsep efektivitas pembelajaran. Diambil dari http://sambasalim.com/pendidikan/konsep-efektivitas-pembelajaran.htmlMahmudi. (2005). Manajemen kinerja sektor publik. Yogyakarta: UPP AMP YKPN.Mukhadis, Amat. (2013). Evaluasi program pembelajaran bidang teknologi (terminologi, prosedur pengembangan program dan instrumen). Malang: Bayumedia Publishing.Pius A. Partanto dan M. Dahlan al-Barry. (2002). Kamus ilmiah populer. Surabaya: Arkola.Qal‟ahji, Muhammad Rawwas. (1999). Ensiklopedi fiqh Umar ibn al-Khattab. Jakarta: PT. Raja Grafindo Persada.Ryandono, Muhammad Nafik Hadi. (2008). Ekonomi ZISWAQ (zakat, infak, shodaqoh, dan wakaf). Surabaya: IFDI dan Cenforis.Sartika, Cica, M. Yani Balaka, dan Wali Aya Rumbia. (2016). Studi faktor-faktor penyebab kemiskinan masyarakat desa lohia kecamatan lohia kabupaten Muna. Jurnal Ekonomi, 1(1), 106-118.Sedarmayanti. (2009). Sumber daya manusia dan produktivitas kerja. Bandung: Mandar Maju.Sugiyono. (2016). Metode penelitian kuantitatif, kualitatif dan R&D. Bandung: PT Alfabet.Todaro, Michael P dan Stephen C. Smith. (2008). Pembangunan ekonomi. Edisi kesembilan. Jakarta: Erlangga.Yin, Robert K. (2015). Studi kasus desain & metode. Jakarta: Rajawali Press.Yin, R.K. (2014). Case study research. Design and methods, 5th ed. London, Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications.www.bps.go.idwww.baznas.go.idwww.humassulbarprov.idwww.sp2010.go.id

Introdu??o: A les?o medular (LM), especialmente quando instalada de maneira s?bita, ? uma das les?es mais devastadoras, do ponto de vista f?sico e psicol?gico, confrontando paciente, fam?lia e equipe de profissionais com m?ltiplos desafios. N?o obstante, sabe-se que a LM tem potencial de recupera??o, havendo relatos de diversos estudos que demonstram a melhoria do estado neurol?gico. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar os efeitos dos exerc?cios com suspens?o e pendula??o corporal (M?todo Chordata?) sobre o torque, a ativa??o muscular, a espessura muscular e a funcionalidade de indiv?duos com les?o medular tor?cica. M?todo: Ensaio cl?nico randomizado e controlado onde foram estudados 26 indiv?duos do sexo masculino com les?o medular tor?cica e idades entre 18 e 65 anos, divididos em grupo interven??o (GI; n=14) e grupo controle (GC; n=12) com no m?ximo tr?s anos de les?o at? a sua inclus?o no estudo. Foram estudados o torque flexor e extensor do tronco durante contra??es volunt?rias m?ximas, a atividade eletromiogr?fica do reto abdominal, obl?quo externo e longu?ssimo do dorso bilateral e a espessura muscular dos m?sculos reto abdominal, obl?quo externo e interno, transverso do abdomen e multifidos bilateral e a funcionalidade por meio do teste do Alcance Funcional adaptado. Os indiv?duos foram avaliados nos per?odos pr? e p?s a um programa composto por 16 sess?es de exerc?cios com M?todo Chordata? com frequ?ncia de duas vezes por semana durante 50 minutos. A m?dia ? desvio padr?o foram usados para avaliar os dados cont?nuos, os quais foram comparados aos dados basais utilizando o teste t de Student. Vari?veis categ?ricas foram expressas por porcentagens e diferen?as entre os grupos no baseline foram avaliadas usando o Qui-quadrado ou teste exato de Fisher. An?lise de covari?ncia com ajustes das medidas no baseline foram utilizadas para avaliar as diferen?as entre os grupos. Os resultados foram apresentados pela m?dia ? desvio com as diferen?as estimadas ajustadas entre os grupos, seguindo intervalo de confian?a de 95%. Os resultados foram considerados estatisticamente significativos quanto P