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Aim. With the advent of an aging society and the development of end-of-life care, there is an increasing need to understand the older generation’s attitude toward end-of-life resuscitation. The study aimed to develop and validate a novel attitude scale toward end-of-life resuscitation in older inpatients. Method. Instrumental development and a psychometric evaluation were used. First, a new attitude scale toward end-of-life resuscitation was formulated from literature views, expert content validity, and face validity. Next, the new scale was evaluated using a principal component analysis and internal consistency reliability in a sample from 106 medical–surgical inpatients in a southern Taiwan hospital 1 enrolled through convenience sampling. Serving as an indicator of concurrent validity, a logistic regression analysis was performed to analyze the association between scores on the scale and intention to discuss end-of-life CPR issues. Results: After being validated by the expert content validity and face validity, a draft of a 20-item scale was created. Throughout the exploratory factor analysis, two items with low factor loadings were removed from the draft scale and an 18-item scale of attitude was generated. This 18-item scale had a three-factor structure that accounted for 64.1% of the total variance; the three components were named ‘stress, avoidance, and ignorance’, ‘a peaceful death’, and ‘self-determination and ambivalence’. The Cronbach’s alpha of the total scale and three components were 0.845, 0.885, 0.879, and 0.857, respectively, which indicated a favorable reliability. Scores on the scale were significantly associated with the intention to discuss end-of-life CPR issues, which also indicated a favorable concurrent validity. Conclusions: A 18-item attitude scale with three factors is a valid scale to measure the attitude toward end-of-life resuscitation. The result provides preliminary evidence of the psychometric properties of the scale. Further research with larger samples or other populations is required.

This study aimed to evaluate whether psychological resilience is an independent factor of self-rated health (SRH) among patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA). A cross-sectional study with convenience sampling was designed. Patients with doctor-diagnosed KOA were recruited from the orthopedic outpatient departments of a hospital in southern Taiwan. Psychological resilience was measured by the 10-item Connor–Davidson Resilience Scale (CD–RISC-10), and SRH was measured by three items, including the current SRH, the preceding year-related SRH, and age-related SRH. The three-item SRH scale was categorized as “high” and “low–moderate” groups by terciles. Covariates included KOA history, site of knee pain, joint-specific symptoms measured by the Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), comorbidity measured by Charlson Comorbidity Index, and demographic variables (i.e., age, sex, education attainment, and living arrangements). A multiple logistic regression was used to detect the independent variables with significant odds ratios that can predict “high” SRH among participants. Results: In total, 98 patients with KOA (66 women and 32 men) with a mean age (±SD) of 68.3 ± 8.5 years were enrolled and were analyzed. A total of 38.8% (n = 38) of participants were categorized as “high SRH”, while 61.2% (n = 60) were categorized as “low–moderate SRH”. Multiple logistic regression showed that CD–RISC-10 had an increased odds ratio (OR) for high SRH (OR [95% CI] = 1.061 [1.003–1.122]; p = 0.038), whereas bilateral pain (vs. unilateral pain), WOMAC stiffness, and WOMAC physical limitation showed a decreased OR for high SRH (0.268 [0.098–0.732], 0.670 [0.450–0.998], and 0.943 [0.891–0.997], respectively). Our findings provide evidence indicating that psychological resilience plays a significant positive role in the SRH in our study sample. Further research is required to extend the growing knowledge regarding the application of psychological resilience on KOA.

幼兒資訊學習在臺灣幼教現場中未獲共識，但資訊科技對於幼兒認知思考、社會性發展與探究自然等能力之提升，成效不容忽視。本研究以幼兒資訊素養為主軸，探討幼兒在資訊科技的近用、應用，以及參與社會面向之表徵，涵蓋接觸資訊科技的機會、操作與使用資訊科技，以及對於資訊科技在其未來成長和參與社會活動等層面之理解及實踐。本研究聚焦在教育社會學的分析角度，且在文獻分析與教師訪談結果的基礎上，以教育機會均等與社會公平正義原則為原則，分別從近用機會、技術本位與主體性等批判面向提出具體的選擇策略以為因應，包括重視幼兒近用資訊科技的機會選擇與認知、超越技術本位對於資訊素養的結構性宰制，以及彰顯幼兒在資訊社會的主體性、行動力與社群性等。 Although many early childhood educators had no common consensus on the importance of young children’s information learning in Taiwan, information technology could advance young children’s performance on cognitive thinking, social development, and natural exploration. Therefore, this article focused on the young children’s information literacy, and analyzed the representations of information access, use, and engagement, including opportunities of accessing information technology, operating and using information technology, and understanding the practices of future development and engaging social activities by information technology. Based on the literary and interviews, we proposed some alternatives to face this paradox with the dimensions of accessing opportunities, instrumental basis, and subjectivity and focused on the principles of equal educational opportunities and social justice, including valuing the alternatives and cognition of young children’s information access, beyond the technology based information literacy dominated by the social structures, and revealing young children’s subjectivity, agent, and community conscious.