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[Objective] As a crucial source of food for human beings, aquatic products are essential for guaranteeing global food security and stabilizing the food supply chain network, and revealing the characteristics of the aquatic product consumption footprint chain is conducive to further optimizing the sustainable utilization of fishery resources. [Methods] Based on the FAOSTAT and FAO fishery statistics, a multi-regional input-output table of 21 regions globally in 2019 was constructed at the regional, sectoral, and species levels to reveal biomass flows among sectors and to measure the consumption footprint of each region. [Results] The results indicate that: (1) Global aquatic product consumption footprint at the regional scale showed an obvious long tail distribution. China ranked first with 68.8 million tons (38.6%), followed by East Asia and Southeast Asia, South Asia, European Union, and North America, all exceeding 7.0 million tons. (2) The global consumption footprint of aquatic products manifested strong mobility between sectors and regions. A total of 89.9% of consumption footprint flowed into the human consumption sector, and 26.0% participated in international trade to achieve cross-regional transfer. (3) Aquaculture was the second largest consumption footprint inflow sector following human consumption. Fish consumption accounted for more than 62.0% in all regions, followed by molluscs and crustaceans. (4) Of China’s aquatic product consumption footprint, 83.9% was self-sufficient, and the aquaculture sector accounted for 76.8%. However, fishmeal and fish oil, indispensable for aquaculture production, was heavily reliant on input consumption footprint in China, mainly from South America, East Asia, and Southeast Asia. [Conclusion] In order to realize the restructuring and upgrading of the aquatic product production and consumption footprint chain to ensure global food security, we should improve resource utilization efficiency, optimize international trade structure, strengthen fishery resource management, and promote green and healthy aquaculture.

Objective: To analyze the predictive factors for neck pain and cervical spine function after laminoplasty for degenerative cervical myelopathy (DCM) using K-means for longitudinal data (KML). Methods: In this prospective cohort study, we collected clinical and radiographic data from patients with DCM who underwent cervical laminoplasty. A novel index of surgical outcome, "neck function," which comprises neck pain and cervical spine function according to the Japanese Orthopedic Association Cervical Myelopathy Evaluation Questionnaire, was proposed. We treated surgical outcomes as longitudinal rather than cross-sectional data and used KML for analysis. Patients were categorized as having good or poor outcomes based on the KML graph of neck pain and cervical spine function. Results: From 2016 to 2020, 104 patients underwent laminoplasty for DCM; however, 35 patients were excluded because of loss to follow-up or incomplete data. The authors found that central canal stenosis (odds ratio [OR], 17.93; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.26–254.73; p=0.03) and preoperative neck pain (OR per 1 point increase=1.49; 95% CI, 1.12–1.99; p=0.006) were 2 negative predictive factors and that a positive K-line during flexion was a positive predictive factor (OR, 0.11; 95% CI, 0.01–0.87; p=0.036) for neck function after laminoplasty. Conclusion: Central canal stenosis, preoperative neck pain and a K-line during flexion were found to be predictive of postoperative neck pain and cervical spine function after laminoplasty. To achieve better surgical outcomes for neck function, the authors suggest the utilization of these determinants as a guiding framework for the selection of surgical approaches for DCM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Barrier change is a complex process of evolution of coastal topography, which is related to the interaction of driving forces such as waves, tides and sea level rise (SLR) with beaches. The Waisanding Barrier (WSDB) in Taiwan has suffered from continuous beach erosion in recent decades. Some short-term studies have been carried out to understand the characteristics of the barrier change to provide a reference for future barrier protection. In this paper, the digital elevation model (DEM) measured by LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging), over nearly two decades was used to analyze the morphological changes, the land area and volume. The changes in the morphology, including the whole shoreline, duneline height, width of forebeach and backbarrier, are investigated. The WSDB's land area and land volume were analyzed to show a continuous decrease by a rate of −0.418 × 106 m2/year and −3.96 × 105 m3/year, respectively. The corresponding average land volume (LV) decrease in elevation can be estimated to be −0.0286 m/year. The changes in these features are discussed and relate to land subsidence, sea level rise and large waves induced by typhoons passing near WSDB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cloud storage enables users to obtain cheap online storage services on demand through network connection anytime and anywhere.However,due to the untrustability of cloud service providers,third-party institutions and users as well as the inevitable malicious attacks,there are many security vulnerabilities of cloud storage.Blockchain has the potential to build a trusted platform with its characteristics of decentralization,persistence,anonymity and auditability.Therefore,the research on cloud storage security mechanism based on blockchain technology has become a research trend.Based on this,the security architecture of cloud sto-rage system and the security of blockchain technology are first outlined,then the literature review and comparative analysis are conducted from four aspects of access control,integrity verification,data deduplication and data provenance.Finally,the technical challenges of blockchain-based cloud storage security mechanism are analyzed,summarized and prospected.