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In May and June of 2021, marine microbial samples were collected for DNA sequencing in East Sound, WA, USA every 4 hours for 22 days. This high temporal resolution sampling effort captured the last 3 days of a Rhizosolenia sp. bloom, the initiation and complete bloom cycle of Chaetoceros socialis (8 days), and the following bacterial bloom (2 days). Metagenomes were completed on the time series, and the dataset includes 128 size-fractionated microbial samples (0.22-1.2 µm), providing gene abundances for the dominant members of bacteria, archaea, and viruses. This dataset also has time-matched nutrient analyses, flow cytometry data, and physical parameters of the environment at a single point of sampling within a coastal ecosystem that experiences regular bloom events, facilitating a range of modeling efforts that can be leveraged to understand microbial community structure and their influences on the growth, maintenance, and senescence of phytoplankton blooms.

In May and June of 2021, marine microbial samples were collected for DNA sequencing in East Sound, WA, USA every 4 hours for 22 days. This high temporal resolution sampling effort captured the last 3 days of a Rhizosolenia sp. bloom, the initiation and complete bloom cycle of Chaetoceros socialis (8 days), and the following bacterial bloom (2 days). Metagenomes were completed on the time series, and the dataset includes 128 size-fractionated microbial samples (0.22-1.2 μm), providing gene abundances for the dominant members of bacteria, archaea, and viruses. This dataset also has time-matched nutrient analyses, flow cytometry data, and physical parameters of the environment at a single point of sampling within a coastal ecosystem that experiences regular bloom events, facilitating a range of modeling efforts that can be leveraged to understand microbial community structure and their influences on the growth, maintenance, and senescence of phytoplankton blooms.

Abstract In May and June of 2021, marine microbial samples were collected for DNA sequencing in East Sound, WA, USA every 4 hours for 22 days. This high temporal resolution sampling effort captured the last 3 days of a Rhizosolenia sp. bloom, the initiation and complete bloom cycle of Chaetoceros socialis (8 days), and the following bacterial bloom (2 days). Metagenomes were completed on the time series, and the dataset includes 128 size-fractionated microbial samples (0.22–1.2 µm), providing gene abundances for the dominant members of bacteria, archaea, and viruses. This dataset also has time-matched nutrient analyses, flow cytometry data, and physical parameters of the environment at a single point of sampling within a coastal ecosystem that experiences regular bloom events, facilitating a range of modeling efforts that can be leveraged to understand microbial community structure and their influences on the growth, maintenance, and senescence of phytoplankton blooms.

We examine the efficacy of MARHABA, a social marketing-informed, lay health worker (LHW) intervention with patient navigation (PN), to increase breast and cervical cancer screening among Muslim women in New York City. Muslim women were eligible if they were overdue for a mammogram and/or a Pap test. All participants attended a 1-h educational seminar with distribution of small media health education materials, after which randomization occurred. Women in the Education + Media + PN arm received planned follow-ups from a LHW. Women in the Education + Media arm received no further contact. A total of 428 women were randomized into the intervention (214 into each arm). Between baseline and 4-month follow-up, mammogram screening increased from 16.0 to 49.0% in the Education + Media + PN arm (p

ABSTRACT Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), represented by Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), is a chronic condition that affects all age groups, predominantly in young individuals. Currently, an increase in the prevalence of IBD has been documented, in parallel with the increase in the elderly population. The scarce number of studies that better characterize the impact of IBD on Quality of Life (QoL) in the elderly motivated the present study. Objective: To evaluate the impact of IBD on the QoL of elderly people treated at a Tertiary IBD Center. Methods: Prospective cross-sectional study that included elderly patients (age ≥60 years) with quiescent or mildly active IBD treated at the HU-UFJF IBD Center between March 2019 and December 2022. Elderly companions without severe comorbidities who attended the consultation with the patients were included as a control group. Sociodemographic and IBD-related characteristics were recorded. QoL was assessed using previously validated questionnaires (WHOQOL-BREF and IBDQ). Patients with IBD with moderate to severe activity, history of recent or imminent hospitalization, serious or opportunistic infections in the last 6 months, previous neoplasia, dementia, and difficulty understanding/fulfilling the questionnaires were excluded. Results: A total of 123 patients were included (74 with IBD and 49 in the control group), with a mean age of 67±6.2 years, 52.7% with CD, and 47.3% with UC. Mild disease activity was observed in 31.1%. Both groups (IBD patients and control) were comparable based on age, sex, BMI, and the Charlson Comorbidity Index. Patients with IBD and controls had similar QoL scores in the different domains assessed by the WHOQOL-BREF. On the other hand, when evaluating the general facet of QoL, IBD patients had significantly lower scores in General QoL (3.71±0.87 versus 4.02±0.62, respectively; P=0.021) and General Health (3.32±1.05 versus 3.69±0.94, respectively; P=0.035). The presence of mildly active IBD negatively impacted the general health score (2.91±0.99 versus 3.47±1.04, respectively; P=0.035) and the physical domain of the WHOQOL-BREF (12.27±2.63 versus 13.86±2.61, respectively; P=0.019) when compared to patients in remission. Conversely, no impact on QoL was observed with the Application of the IBDQ questionnaire regarding the type of the disease (161±38.5 versus 163.1±42.6 for CD and UC, respectively; P=0.84) or the presence of activity (152.5±38.8 versus 166.4±40.5, respectively; P=0.17). Conclusion: No statistically significant differences were found between elderly patients with mildly active or quiescent IBD and elderly patients without IBD when observing global QoL scores. However, IBD negatively impacted the general facet of QoL, just as mild activity was associated with lower scores in general health and the physical domain assessed by the WHOQOL-BREF. Patients with IBD treated with biological therapy had better Qol than those on conventional therapy. Future studies are needed to choose the most appropriate tool for assessing QoL in this population.

Abstract Introduction Despite the advances in surgical and clinical approaches, there is no consensus regarding the best line of treatment from rectovaginal fistula (RVF). Faced with a challenging scenario in the approach of RVF, the fractional CO2 laser receives attention as a possible form of treatment. Objectives A single-center, prospective, open-label study evaluating the effectiveness and safety of laser therapy for RVF treatment. Subjects and methods The total of 15 patients was recruited at the Juiz de Fora University Hospital between August 2018 and July 2022. Inclusion criteria were presence of clinically suspects RVF of any etiology confirmed by pelvic magnetic resonance image (MRI) and gynecological examination. Five fractional CO2 laser sessions with monthly interval followed by complete evaluation through clinical examination and pelvic MRI were performed for all patients after the completion of treatment. Analysis of sexual function before and after the treatment was performed using Female Sexual Quotient (FSQ). Results The evaluation through physical examination showed no persistent inflammatory signs in the vagina for all patients. Additionally, 10 of out 15 (67.7%) patients achieved clinical remission of RVF symptoms, while 33.3% patients reported significant improvement. Of note, five patients who did not have previous sexual activity returned to regular sexual activity while seven patients who have baseline sexual activity had improvement in their sexual function as assessed by the FSQ. Three out of four ostomized patients had their ostomy reversed and remained without complains. All six patients with RVF secondary to Crohn’s disease reported a marked improvement in symptoms and sexual function. In seven (47%) patients radiological remission was confirmed by pelvic MRI. Conclusion CO2 fractional laser can be considered a promising and safe therapeutic alternative for the management of RVF.

This study evaluated the potential of using raw Maclura pomifera and wild carob for the treatment of methylene blue (MB) and crystal violet (CV) as part of the search for new, abundant, and cost-effective natural materials applicable for wastewater treatment. Additionally, it explored the impact of washing water temperature on the adsorption performance of these raw organic materials. The physicochemical properties of the materials were characterized using BET, SEM/EDS, and FTIR analyses. The effects of various experimental parameters were investigated through batch adsorption experiments. The results demonstrated that the influence of washing water temperature was material-dependent. For Maclura pomifera, the maximum adsorption capacity of methylene blue and crystal violet decreased from 134.4 and 136.6 mg g−1 for MPC to 67.1 and 90.5 mg g−1 for MPH. In contrast, the adsorption capacities of wild carob biosorbents remained consistent, with the maximum amounts adsorbed for methylene blue and crystal violet by CC, CW, and CH being close, around 78.8 and 98.9 mg g−1, respectively, indicating a minimal effect of washing temperature on this material. The adsorption of both dyes onto the adsorbents was positively affected by increasing the pH, contact time, and initial dye concentration and was negatively affected by increasing adsorbent dose or ionic strength. Adsorption isotherms and kinetics were modeled using various mathematical approaches. The kinetic data were accurately described by a pseudo-second-order model, with a significant contribution from intraparticle diffusion. The Sips and Redlich–Peterson models provided the best fit for the adsorption isotherms of both dyes on the biosorbents. These findings confirm that the selected biomaterials are excellent adsorbents for the removal of cationic dyes.

This study aims to investigate the impact of carvacrol and thymol on the quality of Beni Arouss buck semen stored in skim milk at 4 °C. Ejaculates were collected from eight Beni Arouss bucks weekly for 11 weeks, pooled, and then divided into three equal parts. Samples were diluted to 400 × 106 sperm/mL in skim milk (control) and skim milk supplemented with a single dose of 200 µM carvacrol and thymol each. Evaluations of sperm motility, viability, abnormalities, membrane integrity, lipid peroxidation, and bacterial growth were conducted at 0, 6, 24, and 48 h of liquid storage at 4 °C. After 48 h of storage, the results indicate that the addition of carvacrol positively influences total and progressive motility and viability. However, it also leads to a decrease in lipid peroxidation and bacterial growth compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Thymol showed similar results to carvacrol, except for progressive motility (p > 0.05). Bacterial growth was negatively correlated with total and progressive motility and viability (p < 0.05), while no correlation between lipid peroxidation and these parameters was observed (p > 0.05). In conclusion, the addition of carvacrol and thymol to skim milk extender moderately improves the quality of Beni Arouss buck semen after 48 h storage at 4 °C due to its antimicrobial activity.

Argan tree (Argania spinosa) is the unique representative of Sapotaceae family in North-Africa. This family is commonly growing in pantropical areas. The current study focused on the diversity of foliage insect associated to A. spinosa, and their seasonality in four sites in Souss region. Insects were trapped using sticky yellow traps installed on each sampled Argan tree. Consequently, 241 morphospecies were identified represented by seven orders. Hemiptera was the most abundant, followed by Diptera and Hymenoptera. However, the remains orders represented only less than 4%. A high taxonomic richness was recorded for Hymenoptera (100 morphospecies) followed by Diptera (70) and Coleoptera (39). Data analysis shows a quantitative dominance of some insects’ families. Within Hemiptera, Aleyrodidae represented up to 80% of total captures. Coccinellidea was the most abundant family of Coleoptera representing over 62%. Among Diptera and Hymenoptera, more than 60% of total abundance was represented only by five families. Argan foliage insects exhibited seasonal variations. Therefore, high significant diversity parameters were recorded during spring. However, the lowest diversity was recorded during summer in Belfaa and during autumn for the other sites. Five trophic guilds were reported. Their abundance was influenced by seasonal variation. Herbivores abundance was highly significant compared to the others trophic guilds throughout all sampling seasons. Except Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann, which infests argan fruits during the two latest stages of maturity, none of its herbivores is known as economic interest to the argan tree. On the other hand, argan trees host a complex structure of functional taxa, including pest regulating (predators and parasitoids) and pollinators.

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is characterized by an exacerbated inflammatory response, severe damage to the alveolar-capillary barrier and a secondary infiltration of protein-rich fluid into the airspaces, ultimately leading to respiratory failure. Resolution of ARDS depends on the ability of the alveolar epithelium to reabsorb lung fluid through active transepithelial ion transport, to control the inflammatory response, and to restore a cohesive and functional epithelium through effective repair processes. Interestingly, several lines of evidence have demonstrated the important role of potassium (K+) channels in the regulation of epithelial repair processes. Furthermore, these channels have previously been shown to be involved in sodium/fluid absorption across alveolar epithelial cells, and we have recently demonstrated the contribution of KvLQT1 channels to the resolution of thiourea-induced pulmonary edema in vivo. The aim of our study was to investigate the role of the KCNQ1 pore-forming subunit of KvLQT1 channels in the outcome of ARDS parameters in a model of acute lung injury (ALI). We used a molecular approach with KvLQT1-KO mice challenged with bleomycin, a well-established ALI model that mimics the key features of the exudative phase of ARDS on day 7. Our data showed that KvLQT1 deletion exacerbated the negative outcome of bleomycin on lung function (resistance, elastance and compliance). An alteration in the profile of infiltrating immune cells was also observed in KvLQT1-KO mice while histological analysis showed less interstitial and/or alveolar inflammatory response induced by bleomycin in KvLQT1-KO mice. Finally, a reduced repair rate of KvLQT1-KO alveolar cells after injury was observed. This work highlights the complex contribution of KvLQT1 in the development and resolution of ARDS parameters in a model of ALI.

Le but de cette étude était d'analyser l'effet des huiles essentielles d'Origanum onites et d'Origanum vulgare sur la qualité du sperme de bouc Beni Arous pendant le stockage à 4°C. Des échantillons de sperme ont été prélevés une fois par semaine auprès de six boucs pendant dix semaines, et conservés dans du lait écrémé additionné de diverses concentrations (0 % (contrôle), 0,01 % et 0,05 %) d'huiles essentielles d'Origanum onites et d'Origanum vulgare. Les effets des huiles essentielles sur la motilité totale, la motilité progressive, la viabilité, les anomalies et la peroxydation des lipides ont été évalués à 0, 4, 8, 24, 28, 32 et 48 heures de stockage. Les principaux composés trouvés dans Origanum onites étaient le thymol (44,59%), le carvacrol (25,94%) et le γ-terpinène (13,22%), alors que le carvacrol (81,5%) était dominant dans Origanum vulgare. Les résultats indiquent que la qualité du sperme est influencée par la concentration des huiles essentielles d'Origanum onites et d'Origanum vulgare. Après 48 heures de stockage, les échantillons supplémentés avec 0,01% d'Origanum onites ont montré une motilité totale et progressive, une viabilité et une intégrité membranaire significativement plus élevées, ainsi qu'une anormalité plus faible par rapport au contrôle. De même, l'huile essentielle d'Origanum vulgare a montré des effets comparables sur la motilité totale, la viabilité et l'intégrité de la membrane. En outre, après 48 heures de stockage, le contrôle présentait la plus forte concentration de malondialdéhyde, qui est un indicateur de stress oxydatif (p < 0,05). Ces résultats suggèrent que 0,01% d'huiles essentielles ont un impact positif sur les spermatozoïdes du bouc Beni Arous pendant le stockage à 4°C, en réduisant le stress oxydatif.

Description of the subject. Raspberries and strawberries are highly perishable due to postharvest fungal development. Numerous studies have shown that essential oils can be promising biopesticides for maintaining the quality of fresh fruit during postharvest storage. Objectives. This work aimed to evaluate the potential of Ismelia carinata and Cladanthus arabicus (Asteraceae) essential oils (EOs) to extend the shelf life of raspberries and strawberries. Method. The chemical composition of EOs from I. carinata and C. arabicus was analyzed using GC/MS. In vitro antifungal effects of EOs using agar dilution and disk diffusion methods were tested against Botrytis cinerea. The I. carinata and C. arabicus EOs were used as bioactive agents to preserve the quality of berries during 15 days in cold storage. Also, pH, titratable acidity, total soluble solids, and maturity index of berries treated with 400 mg·l-1 of I. carinata EO are analyzed. Results. The GC/MS analysis revealed that the major compounds were tau-cadinol (65.93%) and tau-muurolol (24.65%) for I. carinata, β-pinene (23.58%), and tau-cadinol (9.54%) for C. arabicus. Both EOs tested showed best inhibition percentages against B.cinerea using the agar dilution method. Ismelia carinata EO was an efficient preservative agent for raspberries and strawberries during storage at 4 °C. The maturity index of both berries was significant compared to untreated controls (p ≤ 0.05). Conclusions. Ismelia carinata EO holds promise for extending fruit quality in cold storage, with subsequent benefit to fruit marketing supply chains.

In the dynamic realm of sustainable energy storage technologies, the global research landscape presents myriad scientific and economic challenges. The erratic growth of renewable energies alongside the phasing out of conventional power plants poses a significant hurdle in maintaining a stable balance between energy supply and demand. Consequently, energy storage solutions play a pivotal role in mitigating substantial fluctuations in demand. Metal–air batteries, distinguished by their superior energy density and enhanced safety profile compared to other storage devices, emerge as promising solutions. Leveraging the well-established lead–acid battery technology, this study introduces a novel approach utilising open-cell foam manufactured through the Excess Salt Replication process as an anode for lead–air battery cells. This innovation not only conserves lead but also reduces battery weight. By employing a 25% antimonial lead alloy, open-cell foams with diameters ranging from 2 mm to 5 mm were fabricated for the antimonial lead–air battery. Preliminary findings suggest that the effective electrical conductivity of primary battery cells, measured experimentally, surpasses that of cells composed of the same dense, non-porous antimonial lead alloy. This improvement is primarily attributed to their extensive specific surface area, facilitating oxidation–reduction reactions. A correlation between effective electrical conductivity and cell diameter is established, indicating optimal conductivity achieved with a 5 mm cell diameter. These results underscore the feasibility of implementing such an electrical system.

Transfer pricing (TP) is based on many principles – the essential one is the Arm´s Length Principle (ALP). In this respect, the term “associated persons” is of crucial importance: associated persons must be involved in transactions in order for the ALP to be applied. The aim of the paper is to contribute to existing comparative analysis of TP rules – specifically, to provide a critical analysis of the term “associated persons” as prescribed by domestic law in Brazil, the Czech Republic, and Latvia. The key goals of the research conducted were to provide a comprehensive picture of the variety of definitions, to indicate relationships between international law and domestic law, and last, but not least, to highlight various concepts of the term “associated persons” and to identify problematic aspects connected with the interpretation of the definitions and the applications of the related rules. The study, which is based on qualitative research, is exploratory and interpretative in its nature. Its results present a background for further research and point to the fragmentation of law on TP with respect to the investigated issue. On the basis of the results of the comparative study one can conclude significant differences among, and fragmentation in, the definitions of the term “associated persons” both in respect of the number of categories established and in respect of the absence of the autonomy of the definitions of the term “associated persons” as provided by public law (especially by income tax acts). At the same time one can conclude the same position regarding the application of double tax treaties in all the countries for which the study was carried out.

Traumatic lumbar hernias are a rare subset of abdominal wall hernias encountered following blunt trauma to the abdomen. These are more commonly being found due to the increased use of advanced imaging. Three cases of traumatic lumbar hernias were identified at our institution from 2021 to 2022, one of which underwent delayed repair. The second case resulted in the resolution and healing of the defect within 6 weeks of presentation, and the third was lost to follow up. Acute repair of lumbar hernias might be indicated during the repair of other intra-abdominal injuries. Delayed repair allows for a laparoscopic approach or open repair via flank incisions. Delay in asymptomatic patients may also result in fibrosis and scarring and may resolve the defect. Fixation of mesh to adjacent bony structures may be needed, and adequate sub-lay dissection for mesh placement particularly for larger defects. Consider delaying the repair of traumatic lumbar hernias in asymptomatic to minimally symptomatic patients if no other abdominal surgery was warranted at the time of presentation.

Diversity, spatial patterns and temporal trends of terrestrial arthropod communities in the Arganeraie Biosphere Reserve of Morocco are poorly understood. Arthropods were seasonally sampled using pitfall traps at four sites, three of which are Argan forest ecosystem and one of which is a modern Argan grove. Diversity parameters were seasonally measured. Observation allowed identification of 161 morphospecies belonging to the five classes Chilopoda, Malacostraca, Collembola, Insecta and Arachnida were recorded. Captures were dominated by insects, representing more than 90% of the total trapped individuals. Insecta were the most diversified class (122 morphospecies), followed by Arachnida (33). The three other classes were less diversified with two species each. Among insects, Coleoptera and Hymenoptera were the most diversified groups. Diversity parameters exhibited seasonal variations. The highest arthropod abundance per sample was recorded during spring, while observed richness was higher in spring and summer. Shannon diversity index showed no significant difference among seasons. The composition of terrestrial arthropod communities between sites changed among seasons. A high dissimilarity was reported between the terrestrial arthropod community of Belfaa and those of other sites. The classification of arthropods into trophic guilds shows the importance of both predators and detritivores, which shows a higher abundance in spring and summer. Overall, predators guild richness was higher than others among seasons. This study highlights spatiotemporal diversity composition and structure of terrestrial arthropods community associated with the Argan ecosystem, complementing the unique diversity and proliferation of ecotypes present in Morocco.

Abstract Background The effectiveness of ustekinumab (UST) in the treatment of Crohn’s disease (CD) has been demonstrated in the pivotal Phase 3 UNITI 1 and 2 and IM-UNITI studies in both anti-TNF-naïve and anti-TNF-exposed patients. Given the selective nature of pivotal trial designs, real-world effectiveness and safety studies are warranted. We report our experience with UST treatment in a large, real-world multicenter cohort of Brazilian patients with CD. Methods We performed a retrospective multicenter study including patients with CD, predominantly biologically refractory CD, who received UST. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients in clinical remission at weeks 8, 24 and 56. Possible predictors of clinical and biological response/remission and safety outcomes were also assessed. Results Overall, 245 CD (mean age 39.9 [15–87]) patients were enrolled. Most patients (86.5%) had been previously exposed to biologics. According to nonresponder imputation analysis, the proportions of patients in clinical remission at weeks 8, 24 and 56 were 41.0% (n = 98/239), 64.0% (n = 153/239) and 39.3% (n = 94/239), respectively. A biological response was achieved in 55.4% of patients at week 8, and 59.3% were in steroid-free remission at the end of follow-up. No significant differences in either clinical or biological remission were noted between bio-naïve and bio-experienced patients. Forty-eight patients (19.6%) presented 60 adverse events during the follow-up, of which 8 (13.3%) were considered serious adverse events (3.2% of 245 patients). Overall, a proximal disease location, younger age, perianal involvement, and smoking were associated with lower rates of clinical remission over time. Conclusions UST therapy was effective and safe in the long term in this large real-life cohort of Brazilian patients with refractory CD, regardless of previous exposure to other biological agents.

Green mold, caused by Penicillium digitatum, is a serious disease of citrus fruit during postharvest. The focus of this study was to evaluate possible biological alternatives to chemical fungicides for P. digitatum control. Four Pseudomonas isolates (Q110B, Q125B, Q112B, and Q004B) were isolated from rhizospheric soil and evaluated for their antagonistic activity against P. digitatum. The in vitro evaluations of these isolates by dual culture revealed an important zone of inhibition after 3 days of incubation at 25 ± 2°C. The Q004B isolate provided a high zone of inhibition in vitro at 45 mm diameter. Four Pseudomonas isolates tested showed antagonistic activity against P. digitatum on orange fruit after 7 days of inoculation under postharvest conditions. Inhibition percentage of P. digitatum on orange fruit ranged from 22 to 85% for Q004B and Q112B, respectively. Regarding the mechanism of action, the four tested isolates produced volatile compounds in vitro with inhibition percentage ranging from 35% to 79%, respectively for Q004B andQ125B. The Q004B isolate caused a high spore inhibition rate of 46%, while Q110B had no effect on spore germination. The four isolates of Pseudomonas produced siderophores in CAS medium. Additionally, Q125B, Q112B, and Q004B showed a positive chitinolytic activity, whereas Q110B provided negative results to the chitinase assay. These isolates represent potential candidates for biological control of citrus green mold and may be effectively used as a sustainable alternative measure to chemical fungicide control.

This study aims to evaluate the state of precision livestock farming (PLF)’s spread, utilization, effectiveness, and evolution over the years. PLF includes a plethora of tools, which can aid in a number of laborious and complex tasks. These tools are often used in the monitoring of different animals, with the objective to increase production and improve animal welfare. The most frequently monitored attributes tend to be behavior, welfare, and social interaction. This study focused on the application of three types of technology: wearable sensors, video observation, and smartphones. For the wearable devices, the focus was on accelerometers and global positioning systems. For the video observation, the study addressed drones and cameras. The animals monitored by these tools were the most common ruminants, which are cattle, sheep, and goats. This review involved 108 articles that were believed to be pertinent. Most of the studied papers were very accurate, for most tools, when utilized appropriate; some showed great benefits and potential.

Ce travail a pour objectif d’étudier la composition chimique (teneurs en protéines brutes (PB), matière organique (MO), extrait éthéré (EE), glucides pariétaux, et tannins condensés (TC)) de 14 espèces pastorales ligneuses, en plus de la strate herbacée, disponibles au niveau des parcours forestiers du Parc Naturel de Bouhachem (PNB). Ces espèces représentent plus de 95 % de la ration sélectionnée par les caprins sur parcours forestier. D’après les analyses de laboratoire, la teneur en MO reste plus ou moins stable durant toute l’année. La teneur en EE est plus élevée durant la période sèche chez la majorité des espèces pastorales avec une moyenne de 50 g/kg MS. Toutes les espèces étudiées ont des teneurs en PB supérieures à 54 g/kg MS. Les taux les plus élevés en lignines ont été observés durant les saisons d’été et d’automne avec des moyennes de 154 et de 152 g/kg MS, respectivement. Calicotome villosa et les herbacées sont caractérisées par des teneurs faibles en TC et plus ou moins stables durant toute l’année. Pour les fibres au détergent neutre (NDF) et au détergent acide (ADF), de faibles teneurs ont été enregistrées durant le printemps avec une moyenne de 425 g/kg MS, à l’exception de Quercus suber, Myrtus communis et Lavandula stoechas qui ont les taux les plus élevés durant cette saison. Ces résultats seront utilisés pour évaluer la valeur nutritive du régime alimentaire sélectionné par les caprins dans les pâturages forestiers du PNB.

Au nord du Maroc, l'alimentation des caprins est basée sur les pâturages forestiers qui sont caractérisés par une faible disponibilité de l'offre fourragère. La substitution des ressources alimentaires conventionnelles pour le bétail par des résidus agricoles largement disponibles pourrait être utilisée dans l'alimentation des ruminants. Cependant, cette substitution nécessite préalablement la connaissance de leur apport nutritif. Ce travail vise à évaluer la composition chimique de certains de ces résidus agricoles disponibles dans la région. Des échantillons de résidus de fruits rouges (fraise et framboise) et de légumineuses (féverole, pois chiche et haricot) ont été collectés. Les paramètres étudiés étaient la matière sèche, la matière minérale, les fibres (NDF « fibres à détergeant neutre », ADF « fibres à détergeant acide » et ADL « la lignine ») et les composés secondaires (phénols totaux et tanins condensés). Les résultats ont montré que tous les paramètres différaient significativement selon les sous-produits étudiés (P

Soybean meal is the main source of protein in laying hens’ diet that is generally imported. This study aims to explore the yellow mealworm larvae (Tenebrio molitor) “TM”, and curcuma effects on laying hens’ performances, and physical and nutritional eggs quality. One hundred laying hens were divided randomly into 4 groups. The first group (Control) received a standard commercial diet (SCD), while test groups (TM, TP, and TM-TP) received SCD with respectively 5% TM, 0.50 % curcuma, and 5% TM and 0.50% curcuma. According to the results, Control and TM reduced significantly hen’s bodyweight in the experiment end. However, the curcuma incorporation and TM (TP and TM-TP) kept the stability of bodyweight during the whole period. No effect of diet was observed on feed intake and egg laying rate. Diet had a significant effect on eggs physical parameters (weight, freshness, thickness and rupture force). The mixture of TM and curcuma permitted eggs with good physical parameters. For nutritional quality of eggs, all groups had the same content of ALA and DHA. However, eggs of group receiving a mixture of TM and curcuma had the lowest cholesterol content. Thus, TM and curcuma could reduce soybean importation dependence with improving eggs quality.

ABSTRACT Background Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disease whose manifestations can drastically affect the individual’s quality of life, and therefore adherence to treatment is important in order to keep it in remission. Objective To verify the prevalence of non-adherence and the influence of sociodemographic, clinical and pharmacotherapeutic characteristics associated with non-adherence to treatment of UC in remission. Methods Cross-sectional study conducted with 90 individuals diagnosed with UC in remission. The information was collected through interviews during medical consultations at Medical Clinic of Gastroenterology of Hospital Universitário da Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora. To verify the association of the variables under study with the outcome of interest and its measure of association, Student’s t-test or Pearson’s chi-square non-parametric test (P

Extensive livestock farming plays an important socio-economic role for goat farmers in Western Rif. Silvopastoral resources are the main source of feed for herds. Actually, these resources have a strong tendency to degradation. To ensure their sustainability, setting up a monitoring and evaluation system is a necessity. The aim of this study was to assess the pastoral production and the silvopastoral areas use. This work was carried out in two forest rangelands (Ain Rami and Derdara), where dairy goat farming has been dominant for decades. For the floristic study, a total of ninety-six plant species were counted. The chemical composition and nutritional value of pastoral species varied according to the analyzed species. For phytomass, significant differences were noted according to the season and the sites, with a maximum productivity in spring of 2725 and 2465 kg DM per hectare, respectively in Ain Rami and Derdara. The degree of palatability depended mainly on the chemical composition and the season of pastoral species intake. The most grazed rangelands were overgrown by unpalatable species. Management actions of silvopastoral resources use, including a reduction of grazing pressure, should be developed to ensure the productivity and the sustainability of these resources.

La moisissure grise causée par Botrytis cinerea provoque des dégâts sur plus de 200 espèces de cultures dans le monde. B. cinerea sporule pour former une pourriture grise sur les feuilles, les tiges et les fruits. Pour lutter contre B. cinerea, des fongicides synthétiques sont utilisés. Ces derniers mettent en danger la santé humaine et environnementale en plus de la résistance qu'ils peuvent occasionner chez les souches de B. cinerea. Les alternatives écologiques sont des solutions appropriées pour contrôler la moisissure grise tout en maintenant l’équilibre environnemental. L’objectif de cette étude est d'évaluer l’effet des isolats de Pseudomonas issus de la rhizosphère de la tomate sur B. cinerea. Les résultats ont montré que les 76 isolats testés inhibent le développement de B. cinerea in vitro. Cinq isolats de Pseudomonas (Q6B, Q13B, Q7B, Q14B et Q1B) ont provoqué des niveaux d'inhibition significatifs allant de 65 à 73%. Par ailleurs, ces isolats ont également inhibé B. cinerea sur les feuilles et le fruit de la tomate. Pour tenter d'élucider les mécanismes d'action, les cinq isolats ont montré une production des métabolites antifongiques tels que les sidérophores, le cyanure d'hydrogène et d’autres enzymes. Les résultats de cette étude ont montré que les isolats de Pseudomonas Q6B, Q13B, Q7B, Q14B et Q1B ont une forte efficacité dans la lutte biologique contre B. cinerea et peuvent être utilisés pour une lutte écologique durable.

Northern Morocco harbors the large-scale oak forests in the country, surrounded by an agricultural mosaic. The mountainous topography and the existing forest vegetation explain the strong predominance of grazing goats in these woodlands. Despite the socio-economic role and the predominance of pastoral activities, especially in Western Rif (Chefchaouen), there is little information about the current land cover mapping of forests and pasture. Mapping has become a central element of current natural resource management strategies to implement appropriate development policies. The objective of this study was to produce a land cover map of Chefchaouen in order to determine the forest and pastureland cover based on remote sensing data. This study allowed us to identify four types of pasturelands (forest, pasture mixed with forest, pasture, and pasture mixed with cropland). According to the classification results, forest, pasture, and cropland cover an area of 39, 3.9, and 3.1%, respectively. The largest cover land was recorded by pasture mixed with cropland (51.5%). The land cover results of the forest class agree with the statistics data reported in the official reports, except for the land cover of classes including pastures, because they have never been studied before. Overall, this research makes a contribution to know the current land cover types in Western Rif for future interventions in order to develop and manage forest and pasture areas.

Introduction The comorbidity between depressive disorders and addiction is far from being random. Through substances, users try to ameliorate their feelings of sadness, reduce present anxiety. The phenomena of tolerance and dependence quickly worsen the situation, and make any attempt at withdrawal more difficult. Objectives The objective of this study is to analyze the addictive behavior in patients diagnosed with depressive disorder. Methods This is a retrospective descriptive study carried out by analyzing hospitalization records in the addictology department of the psychiatric university hospital Ar-Razi in Salé over a period of one year (from August 2020 to August 2021). The diagnoses are established according to the DSM 5 diagnostic criteria. Results Of 141 patient records initially entered, nine records were not usable and 54 patients had a diagnosis of depressive disorder constituting 40.9% of admissions to the service. The average age was 37.9 years (16; 69). Among our depressed and substance-using patients, the most frequent comorbidity was personality disorders (29.6%) followed by anxiety disorders (11.1% of cases). Thirty-five percent of patients reported at least one suicide attempt in the past and 11.1% had experienced sexual abuse. The average age of onset of addiction in our sample was 17.8 years (11; 31). The most used substance was tobacco (n=44) followed by alcohol (n=43), cannabis and then benzodiazepines. Conclusions The relationship between depression and substance use remains complex. Although depressed patients often turn to drugs in search of a state of well-being, withdrawal from these substances can also aggravate or cause the depression. Disclosure of Interest None Declared

Introduction Childbirth can be a very painful experience, especially vaginally. It can have many complications. The obstetrical complications of caesarean section are well studied but its psychological complications are little mentioned. Most women recover quickly after giving birth, but others seem to have more difficulty. Researchers have attempted to identify perinatal risk factors for the development of post-traumatic stress disorder in parturients and caesarean section seems to be one of the predictors. Objectives The objective of our study is to detect post traumatic stress disorder in women after vaginal delivery. Methods This is a cross-sectional descriptive study conducted among women from the general population who have given birth vaginally. The information was collected using a questionnaire distributed on social networks. Symptom severity was quantified using the PTSD checklist for DSM-V (PCL-5).PCL-5 is a 20-item self-assessment that measures the 20 DSM-5 symptoms of PTSD. She rates each symptom from 0 (not at all) to 4 (extremely). The score varies from 0 to 80. A threshold of 33 allows screening for post-traumatic stress disorder. Results 61 women took part in this study, 81.5% of whom gave birth vaginally between the ages of 20 and 30.70.3% of the participants gave birth vaginally once, 44.4% twice and 7.3% of the women in our sample had a caesarean three times.Regarding the indication of the high way in our sample: the narrowing of the pelvis and fetal distress were in 22.2%. Exceeding term was in 18.5% of cases.In our sample, 59.3% of the women had planned their vaginal delivery and 40.7% had given birth urgently.Regarding the results of the PCL-5 scale (PTSD checklist for DSM-V), the score varies between 0 and 48 with a median score equal to 12. 3.7% of the participants had a score greater than 33. Conclusions Post-traumatic stress disorder can accompany childbirth, especially when it is high and in an emergency. Postpartum post traumatic stress disorder affects the mother-child relationship and can be complicated by depressive disorder. Medical monitoring of pregnancy, good medical and family support for the parturient and preparation for childbirth are necessary to better start the maternity experience. Disclosure of Interest None Declared

Introduction Schizophrenia is a chronic illness, affecting approximately 1% of the general population. The more chronic a treatment is, the poorer the quality of adherence. In fact, approximately 60% of patients with schizophrenia are incompletely or non-adherent within one year of the first episode. Poor adherence has consequences in terms of clinical status, quality of life and psychosocial functioning due to associated relapses. One of the main factors of poor compliance is the use of addictive substances. Half of schizophrenic patients have, or have had, an addictive comorbidity during their life. Moreover, schizophrenic patients with addictive comorbidity have a more severe symptomatology and have more associated physical, psychological and social problems, representing a challenge in the management Objectives The objective of our work is to evaluate the impact of addictive comorbidity on medication adherence and relapse. Methods This is a cross-sectional study, carried out in patients with schizophrenia hospitalized or followed in ambulatory consultation, at the psychiatric hospital Ar-razi of Salé. The data collection (sociodemographic, clinical and therapeutic) is carried out by a questionnaire established for this purpose. The use of substances is evaluated according to the DSM-V criteria Results A total of 110 schizophrenic patients were followed or hospitalized, of which 61.8% had a substance use disorder. The average age of onset of substance use was 18 years. The duration of substance use ranged from 1 to 11 years and up to 49 years for tobacco and cannabis. 72% of the addicts tried to stop their use alone or in outpatient settings, only 17% in inpatient settings. The average duration of abstinence was 11 months and ranged from 1 to 18 years. 81% reported remission of the disease after abstinence. The hospitalization rate was 88.2% for addicts versus 85% for non-addicts. The number of hospitalizations was 180 for addicts versus 78 for non-addicts. The cumulative duration of hospitalization is 208 months against 96 months for addicts. The duration of remission is 5 months for addicts and 24 months for non-addicts. 71% of non-addicts patients have well observed their treatment against 57% of addicts Conclusions The weight of co-morbid addictions represents between 1/5 and 1/3 of the factors at stake in the compliance and the risk of relapse of patients suffering from schizophrenia. The development of specific care strategies for a global management of addiction and schizophrenia should be a priority. Disclosure of Interest None Declared

Introduction Depression is second only to cardiovascular disease as a cause of disability and affects 3 to 5% of the general population. The therapist always tries to guarantee a total remission of the symptoms of depression, but partial remission remains frequent. Objectives Evaluating the quality of remission in a group of patients followed for major depressive disorder at the Arrazi Hospital in Salé. Methods Cross-sectional study in adult patients followed up in consultation for major depressive disorder according to DSM-V criteria and having been under treatment for at least 2 months. Information was collected using a hetero questionnaire containing information on sociodemographic data and the depressive episode. The quality of remission is assessed using the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression. Results We recruited 70 patients followed for major depressive disorder at 2 months of evolution. The Hamilton scale revealed that 40% of patients were in partial remission. Conclusions Residual symptoms can be the cause of relapse in major depressive disorder, hence the interest in seeking both a symptomatic remission and a complete functional remission, and this by the evaluation and the continuous management of the patients. Disclosure of Interest None Declared

Introduction Wernicke’s encephalopathy (WE) is a severe neuropsychiatric syndrome resulting from thiamine deficiency (vit B1) wich is often associated with chronic alcoholism. The classical presentation is characterized by ophtalmoplegia, ataxia and confusion. Unfortunately, WE is still underdiagnosed because it may not always show up with a classical presentation in one hand, and could also be seen in other non alcoholic condition in an other hand which delay diagnosis and managment of early proper treatement Objectives This case highlights the importance of considering atypical presentations of Wernicke’s encephalopathy, it’s medical etiologies and the importance of improving diagnosis to manage early treatement Methods We reported a case of a pregnant women who consulted for alterated mental status , asthenia and occurs to have Wernicke’s encephalopathy due to hyperemesis gravidarum Results Mrs X is a 35-year-old pregnant women with a past medical history of a cesarian, an hospitalisation in third month of this pregnancy for vomits, no known psychiatric illness or history of substance abuse. She was brought to the gynecology emergency department for asthenia and altered mental status. MRS X, was lethargic, had not eaten for several days, vomiting for more than a month. On the medical evaluation she appeared confused, disoriented, and unresponsive to verbal or manual redirection and prompting. She had also ataxia and gait incoordination. Laboratory testing was remarkable for lactic acidosis (blood lactate concentration lipasemia and normal electrolyte levels, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) culture was unremarkable. A brain MRI was done and showed FLAIR signal abnormalities around the third ventricle and periaqueductal, suggesting Gayet-Wernicke encephalopathy. Thiamine (vit B1) 500mg thrice a day was administrated for the next days in associtation with vitamin B6. Conclusions Wernicke encephalopathy (WE) is an acute reaction to thiamine deficiency which usually presents with a classical triad. However, Clinicians tend to ignore WE in other non-alcoholic clinical settings and the diagnosis becomes even more difficult when thiamine deficiency presents with unusual neuropsychiatric signs and symptoms like catatonia. This case highlights the importance of considering atypical presentations of WE, it’s medical etiologies and the necessity of a complete medical evaluation and appropriate investigations to make prompt diagnosis and early management. Disclosure of Interest None Declared

Introduction Habituellement, nous voyons dans la consultation psychiatrique des patients épileptiques pour des plaintes psychologiques. Souvent pour un trouble anxieux ou dépressif. Dans d’autres cas, nous prenons en charge des patients psychiatriques atteints d’épilepsie. Objectives L’objectif de notre travail est d’étudier la prévalence de la comorbidité psychiatrique dans une population de patients épileptiques. Methods Nous avons mené une étude transversale auprès de la consultation de l’hopital ar-razi de salé, à l’aide d’un questionnaire et d’échelles d’évaluation préétablies : le MINI (mini entretien neuropsychiatrique international), l’inventaire de la dépression de Beck, et Échelle d’anxiété de Hamilton. Results 55 patients ont répondu aux critères d’inclusion. L’âge moyen de nos patients est de 25,9 ans. Le sex-ratio F/H est de 1,6. Plus de la moitié de nos patients sont célibataires (78%). Seuls 21 % des patients ont une activité professionnelle régulière. La prévalence des troubles psychiatriques dans notre étude est de 66,6%. L’anxiété est retrouvée dans 68,2 % des cas, alors que la dépression est évaluée à 58,9 % des cas dont 23,7 % ont une dépression sévère qu’il faut traiter, avec une prédominance du sexe féminin (66,8 %). Conclusions Dans notre étude, l’ anxiété et la dépression sont les troubles psychiatriques les plus rapportés en cas d’épilepsie. Ils doivent être systématiquement recherchés pour tout épileptique et traités pour améliorer la qualité de vie des patients. Disclosure of Interest None Declared

Introduction Alcohol use disorder is a real public health problem in the world, it consists of a pathological mode of consumption which is characterized by a loss of control and craving. Depressive disorder and alcohol use disorder are among the most frequent mental pathologies and are often associated. The links between these two disorders can be of several types: Alcohol Induced Depressive Disorders, Primary Depressive Disorders and Secondary Alcohol Dependence. They can also have two-way relationships or be favored by common factors. Objectives The objective of our work is to analyze the causal links between alcohol use disorder and depression. Methods provide an update via two clinical vignettes and a review of the literature the relationship between alcohol use disorder and depression Results The causal relationships between alcohol dependence and psychiatric disorders can be of several types which are not mutually exclusive: primary alcohol dependence, secondary psychiatric disorders, induced by alcohol. This is the case for the majority of depressive disorders encountered in alcohol-dependent patients; primary psychiatric disorders and secondary alcohol dependence; alcohol dependence and anxiety and/or depressive disorders are favored by common factors, in particular personality disorders, encountered in approximately 40% of alcohol-dependent patients. Whatever the direction of causation, alcohol dependence and psychiatric disorders worsen each other over time.Depression and alcohol use disorder are among the most frequent mental pathologies and are often associated.The optimal management of patients with dual diagnosis is so-called “integrated” management, simultaneously combining alcohol and psychiatric therapeutic approaches. Conclusions Alcohol consumption impairs the prognosis of depression, increases the risk of suicide, impairs social functioning and increases recourse to the healthcare system.The optimal management of patients with dual diagnosis is so-called “integrated” management. Psychotherapeutic (individual and systemic), drug and psychosocial approaches would be necessary to maximize therapeutic success. Disclosure of Interest None Declared

Introduction Since the appearance of long-acting antipsychotics (LAPAs) and given the high frequency of non-adherence to treatment in psychotic disorders, LAPAs have recognized a resurgence of interest in the psychiatric literature. These long-acting drugs may pose ethical issues (e.g. limitation of freedom). Objectives The present study aims to determine the representations of long-acting antipsychotics in patients followed at Arrazi Hospital in Salé. Methods Descriptive study carried out with patients hospitalized at the Arrazi hospital in Salé and those followed in consultation who are on APAP or who have already used it. The collection of information is done using an exploitation sheet Results APAPs have been used for less than 5 years by 53.8% of patients84.6% of participants do not use APAP bychoice, in 79.2% of cases it was the doctor’s decision and in 20.8% of cases it was the family’s choiceMonotherapytreatment was the most cited benefit by our patients (76.9%)The route of administration of APAP by intramuscular injection is the problem encountered in 57.7% of our patients, while11.5% of patients find no inconvenience for the use of these psychotropics. Conclusions Negative beliefs associated with the treatment contribute to a very large part to the lack of compliance, onthe contrary, long-acting antipsychotics may be better accepted by patients when taking into account the patients’ beliefsand preferences in the development of the treatment. therapeutic project Disclosure of Interest None Declared

Introduction The herpes zoster oticus results from the reactivation of the varicella zoster virus, a DNA virus of the Herpesviridae family with strictly human-to-human contamination, affecting the geniculate ganglion of the facial nerve. The manifestations of shingles and post-herpes signs are associated with psychiatric manifestations such as anxiety, insomnia and depressive disorder. Shingles and depressive disorder share common features, such as decreased cellular immunity and a high prevalence in the elderly Objectives Is there a correlation between the intensity of depression and the comorbidity of herpes zoster and depression? Is there an explanation for this association? Can adequate therapy of the infection prevent the occurrence of the depressive disorder? Does the existence of this comorbidity affect the response to antidepressants? Methods case report and litterature Results case report Conclusions We will try to answer these questions in this work while illustrating by the case of a patient having been touched by this comorbidity and while being based on what was published in literature. Disclosure of Interest None Declared

Introduction Cannabis is an illicit substance whose use is very common among the patients we see daily in hospitals. Its use is not simply a “recreational” desire, but above all an attempt at self-medication in order to manage emotions that have become too painful. However, even if cannabis reduces the symptomatology in the moment, it worsens most psychiatric pathologies. Objectives The purpose of this study is to assess the experiences of cannabis users’ families. Methods The survey was carried out among the families of patients hospitalized at the Arrazi Hospital in Salé and those followed in consultation and who use cannabis. The collection of information is done with the help of an exploitation form. Results 34.6% of the participating families put bad company as the cause of consumption, followed by family problems, psychiatric problems come in 3rd position with a percentage of 19.2%. Cannabis use is considered as a disease in 52.8% of the families participating in the study. 58.5% of the families distinguish between good and bad cannabis use and define bad use by the use of large quantities of cannabis in 34.2% of the cases. The majority of the participating families (86.8%) saw cannabis as aggravating their loved one’s mental illness. Conclusions The understanding of the perceptions of the families towards the use of cannabis by their close relatives as well as the correction of the false perceptions will help to establish better prevention programs and better patient care especially with the family therapy which showed its utility in the management of the patients having disorders related to the use of cannabis. Disclosure of Interest None Declared

Introduction Forensic studies often found high rates of major psychiatric and substance use disorders among inmates. These factors are linked to criminality in general, however, their involvement in recidivism among this population seems to be more important to determine. Objectives The aim of this study is to determinesociodemographic, psychiatric and forensicfactors of criminal recidivism among prisoners Methods We studied the medical files of all the offenders referred to the forensic psychiatry unit in Razi hospital for an examination between January 2010 and October 2020 and we analyzed sociodemographic, psychiatric and forensic characteristics of this population. Results The number of people who have undergone a forensic psychiatric examination was 256. Three files were not usable due to lacking data. The offenders were men in 95.7% (242) of the cases. Male inmates were found to be more likely to be re-incarcerated (p=0.029). The study showed that the level of education was an important factor in the recidivism of criminal acts (p=0.001) whilst no impact of marital status and employment were found (p=0.848; p=0.088). Family history of psychiatric illness was significantly higher among recidivist (p=0.022). Psychiatric factors associated with multiple convictions were the presence of a major psychiatric discord (p=0.0013), a personality disorder (p=0) or a substance use disorder (p=0.025).) The reason of conviction was linked with criminal recidivism as violent offense were factors of incarceration (p=0) as well as the age at first conviction (p=0) and the number of anterior incarcerations (p=0). Conclusions Our study underlines that predictive factors of criminality in general are also involved in recidivism among prisoners which is useful in establishing strategies of secondary but also primary prevention of violent crimes in particular. Disclosure of Interest None Declared

Introduction In terms of care, family has a major role to play in the evolution of psychiatric illness. Our aim in this work is to determine the family experience during the hospitalization of their sibling in the emergency room of the psychiatric university hospital Ar-Razi in Salé. Objectives Our aim in this work is to determine the family experience during the hospitalization of their sibling in the emergency room of the psychiatric university hospital Ar-Razi in Salé. Methods Our work was carried out with families of patients admitted to the emergency department of the psychiatric university hospital Ar-Razi in Salé. The data collection was carried out with the help of a questionnaire including several items. Results Sixty-five family members were included in this study. Their relatives hospitalized in the psychiatric emergency department were male in 70% of cases with an average age of 32.4 years. - In 76% of the cases, the family member interviewed was the one who requested hospitalization; - 55% of those interviewed were parents. The analysis of relatives’ feelings during the hospitalization showed: - Feelings of guilt were related to feelings of fear of exclusion and worries. - Feelings of fear and exclusion were mostly expressed by mothers of patients hospitalized for the first time At the end of the hospitalisation, 90% expressed relief, and 85% of family members were satisfied with their relative’s stay in the psychiatric emergency department. Conclusions Recognizing families as units of care and understanding their situation and experiences facilitates the post-hospitalization care process. A well-informed family about mental illness and the types of therapeutic treatments available helps optimize the treatment. Disclosure of Interest None Declared

Introduction Studies of criminality among women are relatively poor because of its lower rate compared to men and its frequent association with mental illness. Objectives The aim of this study is to determine the characteristics of female offenders referred for forensic psychiatric examination. Methods We studied the medical files of all the offenders referred to the forensic psychiatry unit in the Razi hospital for an examination between January 2010 and October 2020. Results The number of people who have undergone a forensic psychiatric examination was 256. The offenders were female in 4.29% (11) of the cases. Their average age was 35 years with a range of 17-73 years. They were mostly single (54.5%) with no education (54%). Fifty four percent of the studied population were unemployed and 63% of them lived with their families. One third of the studied population had a neurological history. Family history of psychiatric disorder was found in one case and only two had suicide attempts history. Two women had personality disorder: a borderline and a histrionic personality disorder. An average number of one hospitalization was found in this group. A criminal record was found in 47% of the cases with an average number of two offenses per person. The mean age of the first offense was 24 years old. The main crimes were: homicide (18.2%) and theft (18.2%). Three offenders were found of intellectual disability, two of them personality disorders, one of schizophrenia, one of dementia and one of depression. No psychiatric disorder was found in the rest of the cases. No drug abuse was found in this population. Conclusions The criminal and psychiatric profile of female inpatients differs from their male counterparts, which has important involvements in case management and validates the need of further searches in this field. Disclosure of Interest None Declared

Introduction Substance use is related to higher risk of criminality among prisoner with or without co-occurring mental disorder. This contributes to a poor correctional outcome and higher risk of suicide and other psychiatric disorders. Objectives The aim of this study is to compare offenders with substance use disorder with offenders with no addictive comorbidity. Methods We studied the medical files of all the offenders referred to the forensic psychiatry unit in the Razi hospital for an examination between January 2010 and October 2020 analyzed sociodemographic, psychiatric and criminological factors of this population. Results We found that the first group, with substance use disorder, was substantially consisted of male offenders (99.2%) compared to the second group (92%); (p=0). A significantly higher level of education was found in the second group compared to the first (p=0.004). Offenders with no substance use disorder tended to live with their family while the rest of the cases lived on their own (p=0.018), they also had three times more family history of psychiatric disorders than the other group (p=0). Psychiatric comorbidity was more important in the second group with more cases of schizophrenia and mental disability while the first group consisted mainly of people with personality disorders (p=0.018). The average number of anterior convictions was 3.12 first group and 1.33 in the second group, which is significantly lower (p=0) Conclusions Specific interventions, in particular addiction management, are required to reduce the criminal risk in this population. Disclosure of Interest None Declared

Alveolar ion and fluid absorption is essential for lung homeostasis in healthy conditions as well as for the resorption of lung edema, a key feature of acute respiratory distress syndrome. Liquid absorption is driven by active transepithelial sodium transport, through apical ENaC Na+ channels and basolateral Na+/K+-ATPase. Our previous work unveiled that KvLQT1 K+ channels also participate in the control of Na+/liquid absorption in alveolar epithelial cells. Our aim was to further investigate the function of KvLQT1 channels and their interplay with other channels/transporters involved in ion/liquid transport in vivo using adult wild-type (WT) and KvLQT1 knock-out (KO) mice under physiological conditions and after thiourea-induced lung edema. A slight but significant increase in water lung content (WLC) was observed in naïve KvLQT1-KO mice, relative to WT littermates, whereas lung function was generally preserved and histological structure unaltered. Following thiourea-induced lung edema, KvLQT1-KO did not worsen WLC or lung function. Similarly, lung edema was not aggravated by the administration of a KvLQT1 inhibitor (chromanol). However, KvLQT1 activation (R-L3) significantly reduced WLC in thiourea-challenged WT mice. The benefits of R-L3 were prevented in KO or chromanol-treated WT mice. Furthermore, R-L3 treatment had no effect on thiourea-induced endothelial barrier alteration but restored or enhanced the levels of epithelial alveolar AQP5, Na+/K+-ATPase, and ENaC expressions. Altogether, the results indicate the benefits of KvLQT1 activation in the resolution of lung edema, probably through the observed up-regulation of epithelial alveolar channels/transporters involved in ion/water transport.

Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) during induction therapy with anti-tumor necrosis factor drugs has emerged as a strategy to optimize response to these biologics and avoid undesired outcomes related to inadequate drug exposure. This study aimed to describe clinical, biological, and endoscopic remission rates at six months in Brazilian inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients following a proactive TDM algorithm guided by IFX trough levels (ITL) and antibodies to IFX (ATI) levels during induction, at week six. A total of 111 IBD patients were prospectively enrolled, excluding those previously exposed to the drug. ITL ≥ 10 μg/mL was considered optimal. Patients with suboptimal ITL ( 200 ng/mL discontinued IFX. In our study, proactive TDM was associated with persistence in the IFX rate at six months of 82.9%. At that time, rates of clinical, biological, and endoscopic remission in patients under IFX treatment were 80.2%, 73.9%, and 48.1%, respectively. Applying a simplified TDM-guided algorithm during induction seems feasible and can help improve patients’ outcomes in clinical practice.

Solid pseudopapillary neoplasms (SPN) are rare and represent a minority of all pancreatic cystic tumors. Symptoms, if present, are generally nonspecific and upper gastrointestinal bleeding is extremely uncommon as an initial presentation. A 31-year-old woman with no prior medical history presented with a 3-week period of epigastric pain, which she reported as persistent, exacerbated by eating, and associated with progressive asthenia, fatigue, and exertional dyspnea. One month prior, she had had experienced 2 episodes of melena. Upon physical examination her skin was pale, with no other changes. Through diagnostic investigation, an esophagogastroduodenoscopy showed a giant ulcer in the duodenal bulb and a suspect fistulous orifice localized on the posterior wall of the duodenal bulb. In addition, a bulge on the duodenal bulb, suggestive of an extrinsic compression, was noticed. An abdominal computed tomography scan and magnetic resonance imaging showed a mixed solid and cystic lesion in the head of the pancreas in direct proximity to the duodenum, which contained an image compatible with a fistula. The patient successfully underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy. The histopathology, including microscopic analysis and immunohistochemistry, was consistent with an SPN of the pancreas. This case emphasizes that the evaluation of patients presenting with upper gastrointestinal bleeding due to a giant duodenal ulcer and an extrinsic mass effect noted on the duodenum should include cross-sectional images of the abdomen. In this case, the finding of a large well-encapsulated pancreatic solid and cystic mass on abdominal images was suggestive of a pancreatic neoplasm diagnosis, including an SPN.

Abstract Clonal hematopoiesis (CH) is a risk factor for the development of therapy-related myelodysplastic syndromes (tMDS) and acute myeloid leukemia (tAML). Adoption of targeted-immunotherapeutics since 2011, may alter the risk of CH progression to tMDS/AML. To study this, we evaluated risk of tMDS and tAML in 667 588 ≥ 1-year survivors of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), renal cell carcinoma (RCC), melanoma and multiple-myeloma (MM) diagnosed during: 2000–2005, 2006–2010 and 2011–2016. The risk of tMDS increased significantly after NSCLC across all time periods (Ptrend = 0.002) while tAML risk decreased from 2006–2010 to 2011–2016, coinciding with increasing use of non-chemotherapeutic agents. tAML risk after RCC decreased (Ptrend = 0.007) whereas tMDS risk did not significantly change over time. After melanoma, tMDS and tAML risks were similar to the general population. tMDS and tAML risk after MM increased from the first to second time-period, however, only risk of tMDS decreased during last period. We report diverging trends in the risk of tAML and tMDS after adoption of modern cancer therapies for specific cancers. It is imperative to further explore impact of contemporary treatment strategies on clonal evolution. Modern treatments via their discrete mechanism of actions on pre-existing CH may alter the risk of subsequent tMDS and tAML.

Introdução: A hiperpigmentação mucocutânea é uma condição dermatológica que pode estar relacionada a tratamentos quimioterápicos, a exemplo das terapias com uso de hidroxiureia (HU). A HU é um fármaco citostático de amplo uso nas doenças mieloproliferativas e compõe a principal linha de tratamento da trombocitemia essencial (TE). O presente estudo tem por objetivo relatar um caso raro de hiperpigmentação mucocutânea em um paciente com TE. Relato do caso: Paciente do sexo masculino, 68 anos de idade, 89 kg, com diagnóstico de TE, em uso de HU 2 g/dia. Com três meses de terapia, apresentou lesões hiperpigmentadas de coloração acastanhadas em pele das mãos e mucosa oral (língua). Em decisão partilhada com o médico-assistente, o paciente optou pela continuação do uso do medicamento. Após seis anos de acompanhamento, as lesões mantêm-se estáveis. Conclusão: A hiperpigmentação mucocutânea associada à terapia com HU é um evento benigno secundário ao uso do fármaco e não exige a interrupção de uso, porém, sua retirada, ou redução das doses, geralmente leva à diminuição ou ao desaparecimento das lesões.