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The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of 4-month basketball training on speed, agility and jump in youth male basketball players. A total of 14 male basketball players from the youth category participated in the study voluntarily. Before the research, parents' consent documents were obtained from the parents of the players. The study included players who continued basketball training for 4 months. Subjects performed basketball training 3 days a week (90 min every day). 20 m sprint, Illinois agility test, vertical and horizontal jump tests were applied in the research. Pre-, mid-, and post-test designs are used in measurements (First test, 2. month and 4. month), and they were carried out in three different test periods. One-way repeated measures analysis of variance was used to determine differences between measurements. The Holm-Sidak test was used to determine the differences between the groups (p < 0.05). There was a significant difference between the measurements in the body height, body weights and horizontal jump of the subjects. In addition, an improvement in vertical jump, 20 m speed and agility performances were observed at the end of the 4th month. It was found that 4-month basketball training caused a significant increase in physical and motoric features seen in youth male basketball players. It is thought that the significant increase in speed, agility and vertical jump performance will occur after longer training sessions. It should also be remembered that growing up can affect the positive increase in performance. [This study was presented as oral presentation at the International Conference on Sports for All and Wellness in 2018.]

The present study aims to investigate the relationship between speed and isokinetic knee strength applied at different angular velocities in female volleyball players. 11 female volleyball players from the senior category volunteered in the study (meanage: 20.2±3.9 years, meanheight: 176.8±7.1 cm, meanweight: 66.6±5.7 kg). Isomed 2000 isokinetic dynamometer was used in order to measure the isokinetic strength of participants while 20 m sprint test was conducted in order to measure the speed. In measuring isokinetic strength, knee flexion and extension (H/Q) were measured separately on concentric/concentric dominant and non-dominant legs at 60°/sec angular velocity for 5 repetitions, at 180°/sec for 10 repetitions, and at 300°/sec for 15 repetitions. In data analysis, Spearman's correlation test was used for the relationship between isokinetic knee strength applied at different angular velocities and speed (p < 0.05). The highest peak torque value in participants was measured on both sides at 60°/sec angular velocity. This was followed by 180°/sec and 300°/sec angular velocities respectively. There was no significant relationship between isokinetic knee strength applied at different angular velocities and speed. In conclusion, there is not any significant relationship between speed and isokinetic knee strength in female volleyball players.

The purpose of this research is to compare the elbow isokinetic strength applied at different angular velocities on the dominant and non-dominant side in elite male volleyball players. Fifteen elite volleyball players participated in the research. Isokinetic elbow flexion and extension strength were separately obtained on concentric/concentric dominant and non-dominant side as 5 repetitions at 60 degrees .s[superscript -1] angular velocity, 10 repetitions at 180 degrees .s[superscript -1] and 15 repetitions at 300 degrees .s[superscript -1]. In the research, the peak torque (PT), peak torque/body weight (PT/BW), flexion/extension ratio (B/T), angle of PT, work and power parameters were compared between the dominant and non-dominant elbows. No significant difference was found between the dominant and non-dominant side in the elbow isokinetic strength parameters of the subjects at three different velocities. A significant difference was found at three different velocities only in the angle of PT flexion (p < 0.05). It is thought that this difference may result from the muscle shortening that may occur on muscle length (longitudinal effect) as a result of the more concentric contraction of the muscle on the dominant side compared to the non-dominant muscle. Consequently, there is not any isokinetic strength difference between the dominant and non-dominant elbow in elite male volleyball players. Isokinetic elbow test can provide important information regarding the potential risk factors for elbow injuries. For this reason, it is recommended to include this test in the functional screening of volleyball players.

The purpose of this research is: (a) to compare the dominant and non-dominant leg isokinetic strength and balance, (b) to compare the balance applied on the same side to different directions and isokinetic strength applied to the same side at different angular velocities and (c) to examine the relationship between the balance and isokinetic strength applied at different angular velocities in female volleyball players. Eleven senior female volleyball players voluntarily participated in the research. Isokinetic knee flexion and extension strength were separately obtained on concentric/concentric dominant and non-dominant leg as 5 repetitions at 60 degrees .s [superscript -1] angular velocity, 10 repetitions at 180 degrees .s [superscript -1] and 15 repetitions at 300 degrees .s [superscript -1]. The balance test was performed for both sides in anterior (ANT), posterolateral (PL) and posteromedial (PM) directions. In female volleyball players, there is no significant difference between the dominant and non-dominant leg in terms of isokinetic strength and balance. A significant difference was detected between the balance applied in different directions on the same side and isokinetic force applied at different angular velocities. However, there is not any significant relationship between isokinetic strength and balance in female volleyball players. As a result, there is no isokinetic strength and balance asymmetry in volleyball and there is no relationship between them. This may be an indication of the need for both legs in volleyball.

At the beginning of the components that affect the performance of the swimmers' training and race planning, the stroke count (SC), stoke lenght (SL) and stroke rates (SR) of the swimmers are important. For this reason, it is important for both athletes and coaches to know how to develop and change these characteristics with age. The aim of this study is to investigate the change in athletic performance and body structure of 9-15 age group. A total of 50 students were participated in the study. Subjects were divided into two groups as below 12 years of age (< 12 years, n[subscript male] = 14, n[subscript female] = 14) and 12 years of age and older (= 12 years, n[subscript male] = 11, n[subscript female] = 11). The athletic performance variables are grouped in such a way as jump (vertical and horizontal) and swim data (50 m free swimming time, number of SR, SC, SL). Descriptive statistics were used for the groups and Mann Whitney U test was used for comparison between groups (p < 0.05). A significant difference was found between all groups except SR, and in the jump performance (horizontal & vertical) with age. There was no significant difference in stroke rate and stroke time in kinematic parameters; as a result of the significant difference found in the SC and SL, 50 m freestyle swimming times decreased with age. As a result; it is thought that following this changing process for each age group of coaches will contribute significantly to the swimming performances of the athletes.

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