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1. Loss of VPS13C Function in Autosomal-Recessive Parkinsonism Causes Mitochondrial Dysfunction and Increases PINK1/Parkin-Dependent Mitophagy

Author

Suzanne Lesage, Valérie Drouet, Elisa Majounie, Vincent Deramecourt, Maxime Jacoupy, Aude Nicolas, Florence Cormier-Dequaire, Sidi Mohamed Hassoun, Claire Pujol, Sorana Ciura, Zoi Erpapazoglou, Tatiana Usenko, Claude-Alain Maurage, Mourad Sahbatou, Stefan Liebau, Jinhui Ding, Basar Bilgic, Murat Emre, Nihan Erginel-Unaltuna, Gamze Guven, François Tison, Christine Tranchant, Marie Vidailhet, Jean-Christophe Corvol, Paul Krack, Anne-Louise Leutenegger, Michael A. Nalls, Dena G. Hernandez, Peter Heutink, J. Raphael Gibbs, John Hardy, Nicholas W. Wood, Thomas Gasser, Alexandra Durr, Jean-François Deleuze, Meriem Tazir, Alain Destée, Ebba Lohmann, Edor Kabashi, Andrew Singleton, Olga Corti, Alexis Brice, Yves Agid, Mathieu Anheim, Anne-Marie Bonnet, Michel Borg, Emmanuel Broussolle, Philippe Damier, Alexandra Dürr, Franck Durif, Stephan Klebe, Maria Martinez, Pierre Pollak, Olivier Rascol, Marc Vérin, François Viallet, Jean Christophe Corvol, Sampath Arepalli, Roger A. Barker, Yoav Ben-Shlomo, Daniela Berg, Francesco Bettella, Kailash Bhatia, Rob M.A. de Bie, Alessandro Biffi, Bastiaan R. Bloem, Zoltan Bochdanovits, Michael Bonin, Jose M. Bras, Kathrin Brockmann, Janet Brooks, David J. Burn, Gavin Charlesworth, Honglei Chen, Patrick F. Chinnery, Sean Chong, Carl E. Clarke, Mark R. Cookson, Carl Counsell, Jean-François Dartigues, Panos Deloukas, Günther Deuschl, David T. Dexter, Karin D. van Dijk, Allissa Dillman, Jing Dong, Frank Durif, Sarah Edkins, Valentina Escott-Price, Jonathan R. Evans, Thomas Foltynie, Jianjun Gao, Michelle Gardner, Alison Goate, Emma Gray, Rita Guerreiro, Clare Harris, Jacobus J. van Hilten, Albert Hofman, Albert Hollenbeck, Peter Holmans, Janice Holton, Michèle Hu, Xuemei Huang, Heiko Huber, Gavin Hudson, Sarah E. Hunt, Johanna Huttenlocher, Thomas Illig, Pálmi V. Jónsson, Laura L. Kilarski, Iris E. Jansen, Jean-Charles Lambert, Cordelia Langford, Andrew Lees, Peter Lichtner, Patricia Limousin, Grisel Lopez, Delia Lorenz, Steven Lubbe, Codrin Lungu, María Martinez, Walter Mätzler, Alisdair McNeill, Catriona Moorby, Matthew Moore, Karen E. Morrison, Ese Mudanohwo, Sean S. O’Sullivan, Michael J. Owen, Justin Pearson, Joel S. Perlmutter, Hjörvar Pétursson, Vincent Plagnol, Bart Post, Simon Potter, Bernard Ravina, Tamas Revesz, Olaf Riess, Fernando Rivadeneira, Patrizia Rizzu, Mina Ryten, Mohamad Saad, Javier Simón-Sánchez, Stephen Sawcer, Anthony Schapira, Hans Scheffer, Claudia Schulte, Manu Sharma, Karen Shaw, Una-Marie Sheerin, Ira Shoulson, Joshua Shulman, Ellen Sidransky, Chris C.A. Spencer, Hreinn Stefánsson, Kári Stefánsson, Joanna D. Stockton, Amy Strange, Kevin Talbot, Carlie M. Tanner, Avazeh Tashakkori-Ghanbaria, Daniah Trabzuni, Bryan J. Traynor, André G. Uitterlinden, Daan Velseboer, Robert Walker, Bart van de Warrenburg, Mirdhu Wickremaratchi, Caroline H. Williams-Gray, Sophie Winder-Rhodes, Isabel Wurster, Nigel Williams, Huw R. Morris, Andrew B. Singleton, Amsterdam Neuroscience - Cellular & Molecular Mechanisms, Complex Trait Genetics, Neurology, Graduate School, ANS - Cellular & Molecular Mechanisms, Krack, Paul, Institut du Cerveau et de la Moëlle Epinière = Brain and Spine Institute (ICM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen = Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute of Aging, Département d'histologie et de pathologie, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Centre d'investigation clinique Neurosciences [CHU Pitié Salpêtrière] (CIC Neurosciences), CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Fondation Jean Dausset CEPH, Institute of Neuroanatomy, Department of Neurology, Behavioural Neurology and Movement Disorders Unit, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Department of Genetics, Institut des Maladies Neurodégénératives [Bordeaux] (IMN), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pôle Tête-Cou-CETD, Les Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg (HUS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Département de neurologie, Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-CHU Grenoble, Variabilité Génétique et Maladies Humaines, Institut Universitaire d'Hématologie (IUH), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research [Tubingen], University of Tübingen, Department of Molecular Neuroscience, University College of London [London] (UCL)-Institute of Neurology, Service de génétique, cytogénétique, embryologie [Pitié-Salpétrière], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique Saclay, Service de Neurologie, CHU Mustapha, Movement Disorders Unit, HAL-UPMC, Gestionnaire, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'investigation clinique pluridisciplinaire [CHU Pitié Salpêtrière] (CIC-P 1421), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Service de génétique, cytogénétique, embryologie [CHU Pitié-Salpétrière], Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU)

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, Male, Turkey, parkin protein, Mitochondrion, Compound heterozygosity, Parkin, Proteins/*genetics/metabolism, Consanguinity, 0302 clinical medicine, diagnosis [Parkinsonian Disorders], Mitophagy, Genetics(clinical), metabolism [Protein Kinases], Cognitive decline, Genetics (clinical), Exome sequencing, genetics [Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases], Genetics, Parkinsonism, genetics [Protein Kinases], Homozygote, metabolism [Proteins], Middle Aged, Disorders of movement Donders Center for Medical Neuroscience [Radboudumc 3], Pedigree, Phenotype, genetics [Parkinsonian Disorders], COS Cells, [SDV.NEU]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Female, Parkinsonian Disorders/diagnosis/*genetics, Protein Kinases/*genetics/metabolism, PTEN-induced putative kinase, Adult, Heterozygote, Mitochondrial Degradation/*genetics, Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases, PINK1, Biology, VPS13C protein, human, 03 medical and health sciences, Genetic Heterogeneity, metabolism [Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases], Parkinsonian Disorders, ddc:570, medicine, Animals, Humans, [SDV.NEU] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Neurons and Cognition [q-bio.NC], Gene Silencing, Aged, Proteins, Reproducibility of Results, medicine.disease, genetics [Proteins], ddc:616.8, Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/*genetics/metabolism, 030104 developmental biology, HEK293 Cells, Case-Control Studies, Protein Kinases, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, genetics [Mitophagy]
Abstract

Contains fulltext : 167923.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access) Autosomal-recessive early-onset parkinsonism is clinically and genetically heterogeneous. The genetic causes of approximately 50% of autosomal-recessive early-onset forms of Parkinson disease (PD) remain to be elucidated. Homozygozity mapping and exome sequencing in 62 isolated individuals with early-onset parkinsonism and confirmed consanguinity followed by data mining in the exomes of 1,348 PD-affected individuals identified, in three isolated subjects, homozygous or compound heterozygous truncating mutations in vacuolar protein sorting 13C (VPS13C). VPS13C mutations are associated with a distinct form of early-onset parkinsonism characterized by rapid and severe disease progression and early cognitive decline; the pathological features were striking and reminiscent of diffuse Lewy body disease. In cell models, VPS13C partly localized to the outer membrane of mitochondria. Silencing of VPS13C was associated with lower mitochondrial membrane potential, mitochondrial fragmentation, increased respiration rates, exacerbated PINK1/Parkin-dependent mitophagy, and transcriptional upregulation of PARK2 in response to mitochondrial damage. This work suggests that loss of function of VPS13C is a cause of autosomal-recessive early-onset parkinsonism with a distinctive phenotype of rapid and severe progression.

Published
2016

2. Investigation of C9orf72 in 4 Neurodegenerative Disorders

Author

Zhengrui Xi, Lorne Zinman, Yakov Grinberg, Danielle Moreno, Christine Sato, Juan M. Bilbao, Mahdi Ghani, Isabel Hernández, Agustín Ruiz, Mercè Boada, Francisco J. Morón, Anthony E. Lang, Connie Marras, Amalia Bruni, Rosanna Colao, Raffaele G. Maletta, Gianfranco Puccio, Innocenzo Rainero, Lorenzo Pinessi, Daniela Galimberti, Karen E. Morrison, Catriona Moorby, Joanne D. Stockton, Mario Masellis, Sandra E. Black, Lili-Naz Hazrati, Yan Liang, Jan van Haersma de With, Luis Fornazzari, Roque Villagra, Ricardo Rojas-Garcia, Jordi Clarimón, Richard Mayeux, Janice Robertson, Peter St George-Hyslop, and Ekaterina Rogaeva

Subjects
Genetics, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Frontotemporal lobar degeneration, Alzheimer's disease, Biology, medicine.disease, Article, Parkinson disease, frontotemporal lobar degeneration, Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), C9orf72, medicine, Dementia, Neurology (clinical), Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Allele, Trinucleotide repeat expansion, Allele frequency, Frontotemporal dementia
Abstract

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) are fatal neurodegenerative syndromes that belong to the same clinicopathological spectrum.1,2 Frontotemporal lobar degeneration is a primary dementia characterized by early behavioral, language, and extrapyramidal changes, while symptoms of ALS are the result of the degeneration of motor neurons. Both syndromes may occur within the same family or even the same patient. Previously, linkage analyses revealed a 3.7-Mb region on 9p21 associated with familial ALS/FTLD,3–10 and genome-wide association studies suggested a major risk factor in the same locus for sporadic ALS and FTLD.11–15 Recently, 2 research groups independently explained this locus by a pathological noncoding hexanucleotide (G4C2)30–1600 repeat expansion in the chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 (C9orf72) gene of unknown function.16,17 Based on the allele frequencies in cases vs controls, the first studies suggested that expansions with more than 30 repeats should be considered pathological, while alleles with less than 20 repeats are wild type.16 However, a reliable cutoff for the pathological alleles remains to be established by additional studies (eg, segregation, neuropathological, or functional studies). Furthermore, the contribution of intermediate-size alleles (20–29 repeats) to disease pathology has not yet been evaluated. The expansion is the most frequent cause of ALS and FTLD identified to date. In the Finnish population, 46% of patients with familial ALS, 21% of patients with sporadic ALS, and 29% of patients with sporadic FTLD have the expansion.16 DeJesus-Hernandez et al17 reported the expansion in 24% of patients with familial ALS, 4% of patients with sporadic ALS, and 12% of patients with familial FTLD. In the Flanders-Belgian cohort, the mutation was observed in 47% of patients with familial ALS, 5% of patients with sporadic ALS, and 16% of patients with familial FTLD.18 The pathological mechanism associated with the expansion is currently unknown except that the expansion leads to a 50% reduction of C9orf72 messenger RNA expression,17,18 and the brain pathology in mutation carriers is associated with possibly toxic nuclear RNA foci, as well as TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) and p62 inclusions.17,19 The clinical phenotype appears to be highly heterogeneous in reported mutation carriers.20 Following the discovery of this novel mutation, many questions are yet to be addressed. What is the expansion frequency in other ALS/FTLD cohorts? Are there any clinical features that can discriminate between patients with and without the C9orf72 expansion? What is a reliable cutoff for the pathological repeat number? What is the role of alleles with intermediate repeat sizes or variability in the region flanking the G4C2 repeat? Could the expansion account for other neurodegenerative diseases, such as Alzheimer disease (AD) or Parkinson disease (PD)? These questions were investigated by the current study. The expansion frequency was estimated in a comprehensive case-control sample set consisting of 2224 individuals (patients with FTLD, ALS, AD, and PD and healthy controls). To our knowledge, this is the first case-control study using a 2-step genotyping strategy that allowed for the analysis of genotype information for the alleles with less than 50 repeats. Clinical data were analyzed to understand the phenotype spectrum observed in mutation carriers.

Published
2012

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