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1. Development of a Model to Estimate the Risk of Emission of Greenhouse Gases from Forest Fires

Author

Interreg, European Commission, Lerma Arce, Victoria [0000-0002-0433-7204], Yagüe-Hurtado, Celia [0000-0002-7904-1686], García-Folgado, Miguel [0000-0003-1613-5500], Oliver-Villanueva, Jose Vicente [0000-0003-2842-7834], Benhalima, Yacine [0000-0003-1244-7718], Marques Duarte, Inês [0000-0002-1524-5487], Acácio, Vanda [0000-0001-5671-5134], Castro Rego, Francisco [0000-0003-0060-5192], López-Senespleda, Eduardo [0000-0002-7454-6482], Menéndez-Miguélez, María [0000-0002-5119-4672], Ruiz-Peinado, Ricardo [0000-0003-0126-1651], Jalabert, Stéphanie [0000-0001-8402-4445], Carbó-Valverde, Ester [0000-0002-4483-3798], Gimeno-García, Eugenia [0000-0003-3750-6534], Lorenzo-Sáez, Edgar [0000-0003-3766-1198], Lerma Arce, Victoria, Yagüe-Hurtado, Celia, Van den Berg, Helena, García-Folgado, Miguel, Oliver-Villanueva, Jose Vicente, Benhalima, Yacine, Marques Duarte, Inês, Acácio, Vanda, Castro Rego, Francisco, López-Senespleda, Eduardo, Menéndez-Miguélez, María, Ruiz-Peinado, Ricardo, Petillon, Thomas, Jalabert, Stéphanie, Carbó Valverde, Ester, Gimeno-García, Eugenia, Aleix-Amurrio, Rebeca, Lorenzo-Sáez, Edgar, Interreg, European Commission, Lerma Arce, Victoria [0000-0002-0433-7204], Yagüe-Hurtado, Celia [0000-0002-7904-1686], García-Folgado, Miguel [0000-0003-1613-5500], Oliver-Villanueva, Jose Vicente [0000-0003-2842-7834], Benhalima, Yacine [0000-0003-1244-7718], Marques Duarte, Inês [0000-0002-1524-5487], Acácio, Vanda [0000-0001-5671-5134], Castro Rego, Francisco [0000-0003-0060-5192], López-Senespleda, Eduardo [0000-0002-7454-6482], Menéndez-Miguélez, María [0000-0002-5119-4672], Ruiz-Peinado, Ricardo [0000-0003-0126-1651], Jalabert, Stéphanie [0000-0001-8402-4445], Carbó-Valverde, Ester [0000-0002-4483-3798], Gimeno-García, Eugenia [0000-0003-3750-6534], Lorenzo-Sáez, Edgar [0000-0003-3766-1198], Lerma Arce, Victoria, Yagüe-Hurtado, Celia, Van den Berg, Helena, García-Folgado, Miguel, Oliver-Villanueva, Jose Vicente, Benhalima, Yacine, Marques Duarte, Inês, Acácio, Vanda, Castro Rego, Francisco, López-Senespleda, Eduardo, Menéndez-Miguélez, María, Ruiz-Peinado, Ricardo, Petillon, Thomas, Jalabert, Stéphanie, Carbó Valverde, Ester, Gimeno-García, Eugenia, Aleix-Amurrio, Rebeca, and Lorenzo-Sáez, Edgar

Abstract

While the Mediterranean basin is foreseen to be highly affected by climate change (CC) and severe forest fires are expected to be more frequent, international efforts to fight against CC do not consider forest fires’ greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions risk and the possibility of its mitigation. This is partly due to a lack of a methodology for GHG risk spatial assessment and consideration of the high value of carbon stocks in forest ecosystems and their intrinsic risk. To revert this, an innovative GHG emission risk model has been developed and implemented in a pilot forest area. This model considers geospatial variables to build up emission vulnerability based on potential fire severity and resistance of a landscape, value at risk and the hazard of a fire occurrence. The results classify low, moderate and high emission risks in the analysed areas. This identification of hotspots allows the prioritisation of fire prevention measures in a region to maximise the reduction of GHG emissions in the case of a fire event. This constitutes the first step in a holistic and consistent CC mitigation that not only considers anthropic GHG sources but also possible GHG emissions by forest fires that can be actively prevented, managed and reduced.

Published
2022

2. Soil carbon pools in forested areas affected by fires after the application of restoration measures

Author

Interreg, European Commission, Gimeno-García, Eugenia [0000-0003-3750-6534], Carbó, Ester [0000-0002-4483-3798], Ruiz-Peinado, Ricardo [0000-0003-0126-1651], López-Senespleda, Eduardo [0000-0002-7454-6482], Jalabert, Stéphanie [0000-0001-8402-4445], Chéry, Philippe [0000-0003-2291-8093], Castro Rego, Francisco [0000-0003-0060-5192], Marques Duarte, Inês [0000-0002-1524-5487], Lerma Arce, Victoria [0000-0002-0433-7204], Gimeno-García, Eugenia, Carbó Valverde, Ester, Ruiz-Peinado, Ricardo, López-Senespleda, Eduardo, Jalabert, Stéphanie, Chéry, Philippe, Petillon, Thomas, Castro Rego, Francisco, Marques Duarte, Inês, Lerma Arce, Victoria, Interreg, European Commission, Gimeno-García, Eugenia [0000-0003-3750-6534], Carbó, Ester [0000-0002-4483-3798], Ruiz-Peinado, Ricardo [0000-0003-0126-1651], López-Senespleda, Eduardo [0000-0002-7454-6482], Jalabert, Stéphanie [0000-0001-8402-4445], Chéry, Philippe [0000-0003-2291-8093], Castro Rego, Francisco [0000-0003-0060-5192], Marques Duarte, Inês [0000-0002-1524-5487], Lerma Arce, Victoria [0000-0002-0433-7204], Gimeno-García, Eugenia, Carbó Valverde, Ester, Ruiz-Peinado, Ricardo, López-Senespleda, Eduardo, Jalabert, Stéphanie, Chéry, Philippe, Petillon, Thomas, Castro Rego, Francisco, Marques Duarte, Inês, and Lerma Arce, Victoria

Published
2022

3. Bulk Density of Shrub Types and Tree Crowns to Use with Forest Inventories in the Iberian Peninsula

Author

European Commission, Foundation for Science and Technology, CSIC - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Nunes, Leónia [0000-0002-2617-0468], Alberdi, Iciar [0000-0003-1338-8465], Sequeira, Ana Catarina [0000-0002-5269-0643], Silva, Vasco [0000-0003-2729-1824], Vieira, Pedro [0000-0002-3823-1184], Castro Rego, Francisco [0000-0003-0060-5192], Nunes, Leónia, Pasalodos Tato, María Dolores, Alberdi, Iciar, Sequeira, Ana Catarina, Vega, J. A., Silva, Vasco, Vieira, Pedro, Castro Rego, Francisco, European Commission, Foundation for Science and Technology, CSIC - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Nunes, Leónia [0000-0002-2617-0468], Alberdi, Iciar [0000-0003-1338-8465], Sequeira, Ana Catarina [0000-0002-5269-0643], Silva, Vasco [0000-0003-2729-1824], Vieira, Pedro [0000-0002-3823-1184], Castro Rego, Francisco [0000-0003-0060-5192], Nunes, Leónia, Pasalodos Tato, María Dolores, Alberdi, Iciar, Sequeira, Ana Catarina, Vega, J. A., Silva, Vasco, Vieira, Pedro, and Castro Rego, Francisco

Abstract

Bulk density for shrubs and tree crowns is an important variable, useful for many purposes, namely estimations for biomass and carbon sequestration and potential fire behavior prediction. In the latter case, bulk density is required to predict the rate of spread and intensity of crown fires. However, bulk density information is scarce. The estimation of bulk density is crucial to help choosing proper pyrosilviculture options to decrease fire susceptibility. Due to the similar environmental conditions and fuel characteristics in Portugal and Spain, we modelled bulk density for the most common woody species in all the Iberian Peninsula. We used 10 different shrub type formations and a set of tree species or groups common to both countries. Equations for bulk density, in both forest canopy and understory layers, were fitted as a function of biometric variables commonly used in forest inventories for the selected species. Standardized estimates of bulk density can be associated with data from the National Forest Inventories from Portugal and Spain, to estimate biomass of the forest ecosystems and to evaluate potential fire behavior involving tree canopies and shrubs.

Published
2022

4. Growing stock monitoring by European National Forest Inventories: Historical origins, current methods and harmonisation

Author

European Commission, Ministerio de Transición Ecológica (España), CSIC - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Slovak Research and Development Agency, Alberdi, Iciar [0000-0003-1338-8465], Gasparini, P. [0000-0001-8801-0980], Nunes, Leónia [0000-0002-2617-0468], Sebeň, Vladimír [0000-0003-3692-446X], Castro Rego, Francisco [0000-0003-0060-5192], Alberdi, Iciar, Gschwantner, Thomas, Bauwens, Sebastien, Bender, Susann, Borota, Dragan, Bosela, Michal, Bouriaud, Olivier, Breidenbach, Johannes, Donis, Janis, Fischer, Christoph, Gasparini, P., Heffernan, Luke, Hervé, Jean-Christophe, Kolozs, Laszlo, Korhonen, Kari T., Koutsias, Nikos, Kovacsevics, Pál, Kucera, Milos, Kulbokas, Gintaras, Kuliesis, Andrius, Lanz, Adrian, Philippe Lejeune, Lind, Torgny, Marin, Gheorghe, Morneau, François, Nord-Larsen, Thomas, Nunes, Leónia, Pantic, Damjan, Redmond, John, Castro Rego, Francisco, Riedel, Thomas, Sebeň, Vladimír, Sims, Allan, Skudnik, Mitja, M. Tomter, Stein, European Commission, Ministerio de Transición Ecológica (España), CSIC - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA), Slovak Research and Development Agency, Alberdi, Iciar [0000-0003-1338-8465], Gasparini, P. [0000-0001-8801-0980], Nunes, Leónia [0000-0002-2617-0468], Sebeň, Vladimír [0000-0003-3692-446X], Castro Rego, Francisco [0000-0003-0060-5192], Alberdi, Iciar, Gschwantner, Thomas, Bauwens, Sebastien, Bender, Susann, Borota, Dragan, Bosela, Michal, Bouriaud, Olivier, Breidenbach, Johannes, Donis, Janis, Fischer, Christoph, Gasparini, P., Heffernan, Luke, Hervé, Jean-Christophe, Kolozs, Laszlo, Korhonen, Kari T., Koutsias, Nikos, Kovacsevics, Pál, Kucera, Milos, Kulbokas, Gintaras, Kuliesis, Andrius, Lanz, Adrian, Philippe Lejeune, Lind, Torgny, Marin, Gheorghe, Morneau, François, Nord-Larsen, Thomas, Nunes, Leónia, Pantic, Damjan, Redmond, John, Castro Rego, Francisco, Riedel, Thomas, Sebeň, Vladimír, Sims, Allan, Skudnik, Mitja, and M. Tomter, Stein

Abstract

Wood resources have been essential for human welfare throughout history. Also nowadays, the volume of growing stock (GS) is considered one of the most important forest attributes monitored by National Forest Inventories (NFIs) to inform policy decisions and forest management planning. The origins of forest inventories closely relate to times of early wood shortage in Europe causing the need to explore and plan the utilisation of GS in the catchment areas of mines, saltworks and settlements. Over time, forest surveys became more detailed and their scope turned to larger areas, although they were still conceived as stand-wise inventories. In the 1920s, the first sample-based NFIs were introduced in the northern European countries. Since the earliest beginnings, GS monitoring approaches have considerably evolved. Current NFI methods differ due to country-specific conditions, inventory traditions, and information needs. Consequently, GS estimates were lacking international comparability and were therefore subject to recent harmonisation efforts to meet the increasing demand for consistent forest resource information at European level. As primary large-area monitoring programmes in most European countries, NFIs assess a multitude of variables, describing various aspects of sustainable forest management, including for example wood supply, carbon sequestration, and biodiversity. Many of these contemporary subject matters involve considerations about GS and its changes, at different geographic levels and time frames from past to future developments according to scenario simulations. Due to its historical, continued and currently increasing importance, we provide an up-to-date review focussing on large-area GS monitoring where we i) describe the origins and historical development of European NFIs, ii) address the terminology and present GS definitions of NFIs, iii) summarise the current methods of 23 European NFIs including sampling methods, tree measurements, volume models

Published
2021

5. Assessing forest availability for wood supply in Europe

Author

European Commission, Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Slovak Research and Development Agency, Alberdi, Iciar [0000-0003-1338-8465], Bender, Susann [0000-0002-3029-9475], Avitabile, V. [0000-0003-3646-052X], Boriaud, O. [0000-0002-8046-466X], Bosela, Michal [0000-0001-6706-8614], Cañellas, I. [0000-0002-9716-7776], Castro Rego, Francisco [0000-0003-0060-5192], Fischer, Christoph [0000-0002-7202-148X], Freudenschuss, A. [0000-0002-6080-2051], Fridman, Jonas [0000-0002-8295-665X], Gasparini, P. [0000-0001-8801-0980], Gschwantner, Thomas [0000-0001-9043-6884], Notarangelo, Monica [0000-0002-1968-8832], Nunes, Leónia [0000-0002-2617-0468], Rizzo, M. [0000-0003-2899-7319], Sebeň, Vladimír [0000-0003-3692-446X], Snorrason, A. [0000-0002-7184-6826], Tomter, Stein Michael [0000-0003-4683-2446], Hernández, Laura [0000-0002-1827-9623], Alberdi, Iciar, Bender, Susann, Riedel, Thomas, Avitabile, V., Boriaud, O., Bosela, Michal, Camia, Andrea, Cañellas, Isabel, Castro Rego, Francisco, Fischer, Christoph, Freudenschuss, A., Fridman, Jonas, Gasparini, P., Gschwantner, Thomas, Guerrero, Silvia, Kjartansson, B T., Kucera, Milos, Lanz, Adrian, Marin, Gheorghe, Mubareka, S., Notarangelo, Monica, Nunes, Leónia, Pesty, B., Pikula, T., Redmond, John, Rizzo, M., Sebeň, Vladimír, Snorrason, A., Tomter, Stein Michael, Hernández, Laura, European Commission, Ministerio de Agricultura, Pesca y Alimentación (España), Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España), Slovak Research and Development Agency, Alberdi, Iciar [0000-0003-1338-8465], Bender, Susann [0000-0002-3029-9475], Avitabile, V. [0000-0003-3646-052X], Boriaud, O. [0000-0002-8046-466X], Bosela, Michal [0000-0001-6706-8614], Cañellas, I. [0000-0002-9716-7776], Castro Rego, Francisco [0000-0003-0060-5192], Fischer, Christoph [0000-0002-7202-148X], Freudenschuss, A. [0000-0002-6080-2051], Fridman, Jonas [0000-0002-8295-665X], Gasparini, P. [0000-0001-8801-0980], Gschwantner, Thomas [0000-0001-9043-6884], Notarangelo, Monica [0000-0002-1968-8832], Nunes, Leónia [0000-0002-2617-0468], Rizzo, M. [0000-0003-2899-7319], Sebeň, Vladimír [0000-0003-3692-446X], Snorrason, A. [0000-0002-7184-6826], Tomter, Stein Michael [0000-0003-4683-2446], Hernández, Laura [0000-0002-1827-9623], Alberdi, Iciar, Bender, Susann, Riedel, Thomas, Avitabile, V., Boriaud, O., Bosela, Michal, Camia, Andrea, Cañellas, Isabel, Castro Rego, Francisco, Fischer, Christoph, Freudenschuss, A., Fridman, Jonas, Gasparini, P., Gschwantner, Thomas, Guerrero, Silvia, Kjartansson, B T., Kucera, Milos, Lanz, Adrian, Marin, Gheorghe, Mubareka, S., Notarangelo, Monica, Nunes, Leónia, Pesty, B., Pikula, T., Redmond, John, Rizzo, M., Sebeň, Vladimír, Snorrason, A., Tomter, Stein Michael, and Hernández, Laura

Abstract

The quantification of forests available for wood supply (FAWS) is essential for decision-making with regard to the maintenance and enhancement of forest resources and their contribution to the global carbon cycle. The provision of harmonized forest statistics is necessary for the development of forest associated policies and to support decision-making. Based on the National Forest Inventory (NFI) data from 13 European countries, we quantify and compare the areas and aboveground dry biomass (AGB) of FAWS and forest not available for wood supply (FNAWS) according to national and reference definitions by determining the restrictions and associated thresholds considered at country level to classify forests as FAWS or FNAWS. FAWS represent between 75 and 95 % of forest area and AGB for most of the countries in this study. Economic restrictions are the main factor limiting the availability of forests for wood supply, accounting for 67 % of the total FNAWS area and 56 % of the total FNAWS AGB, followed by environmental restrictions. Profitability, slope and accessibility as economic restrictions, and protected areas as environmental restrictions are the factors most frequently considered to distinguish between FAWS and FNAWS. With respect to the area of FNAWS associated with each type of restriction, an overlap among the restrictions of 13.7 % was identified. For most countries, the differences in the FNAWS areas and AGB estimates between national and reference definitions ranged from 0 to 5 %. These results highlight the applicability and reliability of a FAWS reference definition for most of the European countries studied, thereby facilitating a consistent approach to assess forests available for supply for the purpose of international reporting.

Published
2020

6. Harmonized classification of forest types in the iberian peninsula based on national forest inventories

Author

European Commission, Foundation for Science and Technology, Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (España), Nunes, Leónia [0000-0002-2617-0468], Alberdi, Iciar [0000-0003-1338-8465], Álvarez-González, Juan Gabriel [0000-0002-5206-9128], Godinho-Ferreira, Paulo [0000-0002-1582-4577], Castro Rego, Francisco [0000-0003-0060-5192], Nunes, Leónia, Moreno, Mauro, Alberdi, Iciar, Álvarez-González, Juan Gabriel, Godinho-Ferreira, Paulo, Mazzoleni, Stefano, Castro Rego, Francisco, European Commission, Foundation for Science and Technology, Ministerio de Economía, Industria y Competitividad (España), Nunes, Leónia [0000-0002-2617-0468], Alberdi, Iciar [0000-0003-1338-8465], Álvarez-González, Juan Gabriel [0000-0002-5206-9128], Godinho-Ferreira, Paulo [0000-0002-1582-4577], Castro Rego, Francisco [0000-0003-0060-5192], Nunes, Leónia, Moreno, Mauro, Alberdi, Iciar, Álvarez-González, Juan Gabriel, Godinho-Ferreira, Paulo, Mazzoleni, Stefano, and Castro Rego, Francisco

Abstract

National Forest Inventories (NFIs) collect and provide a large amount of information regarding the forest volume, carbon stocks, vitality, biodiversity, non-wood forest products and their changes. Forest stands variables data are paramount to understanding their composition, especially on those related with understory characteristics and the coverage of species according to canopy layers; they are essential to assess biodiversity and to support forest management. At the same time, these inventories allow the development of harmonized forest descriptions beyond the national scale. This study aims to develop a homogeneous characterization of the Iberian Peninsula’s forests, in order to classify and identify the forest types. For this purpose, harmonized data from NFIs of Portugal and Spain were used to assess the composition of species, dominance and the percentage of cover for each species in a vertical space defined by seven canopy layers. Using the “K-means” clustering algorithm, a set of clusters was identified and georeferenced using forest polygons from land use and cover maps of both countries. The interpretation and description of the clusters lead to the establishment of 28 forest types that characterize all of the Iberian Peninsula forests. Each forest area has been described through one of the forest types and their relation with other ecological characteristics of the stands was analyzed. Shrubs formations are generally widely distributed in the forest area of the Iberian Peninsula, however their abundance in terms of cover is lower in comparison with tree species. Around 71% of the forest types are dominated by trees, mainly species from the genera Pinus and Quercus, and 21% are dominated by shrub formations with species of Ulex spp., Cytisus spp., and Cistus spp. The Quercus ilex s.l. L. and Pinus pinaster Aiton are the common species of importance for both NFIs. The results represent a powerful and homogenous multi-use tool describing the Iberian Penins

Published
2020

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