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127 results on '"Carter, F. W."'

1. A Measurement of Gravitational Lensing of the Cosmic Microwave Background Using SPT-3G 2018 Data

Author

Pan, Z., Bianchini, F., Wu, W. L. K., Ade, P. A. R., Ahmed, Z., Anderes, E., Anderson, A. J., Ansarinejad, B., Archipley, M., Aylor, K., Balkenhol, L., Barry, P. S., Thakur, R. Basu, Benabed, K., Bender, A. N., Benson, B. A., Bleem, L. E., Bouchet, F. R., Bryant, L., Byrum, K., Camphuis, E., Carlstrom, J. E., Carter, F. W., Cecil, T. W., Chang, C. L., Chaubal, P., Chen, G., Chichura, P. M., Cho, H. -M., Chou, T. -L., Cliche, J. -F., Coerver, A., Crawford, T. M., Cukierman, A., Daley, C., de Haan, T., Denison, E. V., Dibert, K. R., Ding, J., Dobbs, M. A., Doussot, A., Dutcher, D., Everett, W., Feng, C., Ferguson, K. R., Fichman, K., Foster, A., Fu, J., Galli, S., Gambrel, A. E., Gardner, R. W., Ge, F., Goeckner-Wald, N., Gualtieri, R., Guidi, F., Guns, S., Gupta, N., Halverson, N. W., Harke-Hosemann, A. H., Harrington, N. L., Henning, J. W., Hilton, G. C., Hivon, E., Holder, G. P., Holzapfel, W. L., Hood, J. C., Howe, D., Huang, N., Irwin, K. D., Jeong, O., Jonas, M., Jones, A., Kéruzoré, F., Khaire, T. S., Knox, L., Kofman, A. M., Korman, M., Kubik, D. L., Kuhlmann, S., Kuo, C. -L., Lee, A. T., Leitch, E. M., Levy, K., Lowitz, A. E., Lu, C., Maniyar, A., Menanteau, F., Meyer, S. S., Michalik, D., Millea, M., Montgomery, J., Nadolski, A., Nakato, Y., Natoli, T., Nguyen, H., Noble, G. I., Novosad, V., Omori, Y., Padin, S., Paschos, P., Pearson, J., Posada, C. M., Prabhu, K., Quan, W., Raghunathan, S., Rahimi, M., Rahlin, A., Reichardt, C. L., Riebel, D., Riedel, B., Ruhl, J. E., Sayre, J. T., Schiappucci, E., Shirokoff, E., Smecher, G., Sobrin, J. A., Stark, A. A., Stephen, J., Story, K. T., Suzuki, A., Takakura, S., Tandoi, C., Thompson, K. L., Thorne, B., Trendafilova, C., Tucker, C., Umilta, C., Vale, L. R., Vanderlinde, K., Vieira, J. D., Wang, G., Whitehorn, N., Yefremenko, V., Yoon, K. W., Young, M. R., and Zebrowski, J. A.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

We present a measurement of gravitational lensing over 1500 deg$^2$ of the Southern sky using SPT-3G temperature data at 95 and 150 GHz taken in 2018. The lensing amplitude relative to a fiducial Planck 2018 $\Lambda$CDM cosmology is found to be $1.020\pm0.060$, excluding instrumental and astrophysical systematic uncertainties. We conduct extensive systematic and null tests to check the robustness of the lensing measurements, and report a minimum-variance combined lensing power spectrum over angular multipoles of $50

Published
2023
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2. Asteroid Measurements at Millimeter Wavelengths with the South Pole Telescope

Author

Chichura, P. M., Foster, A., Patel, C., Ossa-Jaen, N., Ade, P. A. R., Ahmed, Z., Anderson, A. J., Archipley, M., Austermann, J. E., Avva, J. S., Balkenhol, L., Barry, P. S., Thakur, R. Basu, Beall, J. A., Benabed, K., Bender, A. N., Benson, B. A., Bianchini, F., Bleem, L. E., Bouchet, F. R., Bryant, L., Byrum, K., Carlstrom, J. E., Carter, F. W., Cecil, T. W., Chang, C. L., Chaubal, P., Chen, G., Chiang, H. C., Cho, H. -M., Chou, T-L., Citron, R., Cliche, J. -F., Crawford, T. M., Crites, A. T., Cukierman, A., Daley, C. M., Denison, E. V., Dibert, K., Ding, J., Dobbs, M. A., Dutcher, D., Everett, W., Feng, C., Ferguson, K. R., Fu, J., Galli, S., Gallicchio, J., Gambrel, A. E., Gardner, R. W., George, E. M., Goeckner-Wald, N., Gualtieri, R., Guns, S., Gupta, N., Guyser, R., de Haan, T., Halverson, N. W., Harke-Hosemann, A. H., Harrington, N. L., Henning, J. W., Hilton, G. C., Hivon, E., Holder, G. P., Holzapfel, W. L., Hood, J. C., Howe, D., Hrubes, J. D., Huang, N., Hubmayr, J., Irwin, K. D., Jeong, O. B., Jonas, M., Jones, A., Khaire, T. S., Knox, L., Kofman, A. M., Korman, M., Kubik, D. L., Kuhlmann, S., Kuo, C. -L., Lee, A. T., Leitch, E. M., Li, D., Lowitz, A., Lu, C., Marrone, D. P., McMahon, J. J., Meyer, S. S., Michalik, D., Millea, M., Mocanu, L. M., Montgomery, J., Moran, C. Corbett, Nadolski, A., Natoli, T., Nguyen, H., Nibarger, J. P., Noble, G., Novosad, V., Omori, Y., Padin, S., Pan, Z., Paschos, P., Patil, S., Pearson, J., Phadke, K. A., Posada, C. M., Prabhu, K., Pryke, C., Quan, W., Rahlin, A., Reichardt, C. L., Riebel, D., Riedel, B., Rouble, M., Ruhl, J. E., Saliwanchik, B. R., Sayre, J. T., Schaffer, K. K., Schiappucci, E., Shirokoff, E., Sievers, C., Smecher, G., Sobrin, J. A., Springmann, A., Stark, A. A., Stephen, J., Story, K. T., Suzuki, A., Tandoi, C., Thompson, K. L., Thorne, B., Tucker, C., Umilta, C., Vale, L. R., Veach, T., Vieira, J. D., Wang, G., Whitehorn, N., Wu, W. L. K., Yefremenko, V., Yoon, K. W., and Young, M. R.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

We present the first measurements of asteroids in millimeter wavelength (mm) data from the South Pole Telescope (SPT), which is used primarily to study the cosmic microwave background (CMB). We analyze maps of two $\sim270$ deg$^2$ sky regions near the ecliptic plane, each observed with the SPTpol camera $\sim100$ times over one month. We subtract the mean of all maps of a given field, removing static sky signal, and then average the mean-subtracted maps at known asteroid locations. We detect three asteroids$\text{ -- }$(324) Bamberga, (13) Egeria, and (22) Kalliope$\text{ -- }$with signal-to-noise ratios (S/N) of 11.2, 10.4, and 6.1, respectively, at 2.0 mm (150 GHz); we also detect (324) Bamberga with S/N of 4.1 at 3.2 mm (95 GHz). We place constraints on these asteroids' effective emissivities, brightness temperatures, and light curve modulation amplitude. Our flux density measurements of (324) Bamberga and (13) Egeria roughly agree with predictions, while our measurements of (22) Kalliope suggest lower flux, corresponding to effective emissivities of $0.66 \pm 0.11$ at 2.0 mm and $<0.47$ at 3.2mm. We predict the asteroids detectable in other SPT datasets and find good agreement with detections of (772) Tanete and (1093) Freda in recent data from the SPT-3G camera, which has $\sim10 \times$ the mapping speed of SPTpol. This work is the first focused analysis of asteroids in data from CMB surveys, and it demonstrates we can repurpose historic and future datasets for asteroid studies. Future SPT measurements can help constrain the distribution of surface properties over a larger asteroid population., Comment: 21 pages, 9 figures

Published
2022
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3. The Design and Integrated Performance of SPT-3G

Author

Sobrin, J. A., Anderson, A. J., Bender, A. N., Benson, B. A., Dutcher, D., Foster, A., Goeckner-Wald, N., Montgomery, J., Nadolski, A., Rahlin, A., Ade, P. A. R., Ahmed, Z., Anderes, E., Archipley, M., Austermann, J. E., Avva, J. S., Aylor, K., Balkenhol, L., Barry, P. S., Thakur, R. Basu, Benabed, K., Bianchini, F., Bleem, L. E., Bouchet, F. R., Bryant, L., Byrum, K., Carlstrom, J. E., Carter, F. W., Cecil, T. W., Chang, C. L., Chaubal, P., Chen, G., Cho, H. -M., Chou, T. -L., Cliche, J. -F., Crawford, T. M., Cukierman, A., Daley, C., de Haan, T., Denison, E. V., Dibert, K., Ding, J., Dobbs, M. A., Everett, W., Feng, C., Ferguson, K. R., Fu, J., Galli, S., Gambrel, A. E., Gardner, R. W., Gualtieri, R., Guns, S., Gupta, N., Guyser, R., Halverson, N. W., Harke-Hosemann, A. H., Harrington, N. L., Henning, J. W., Hilton, G. C., Hivon, E., Holder, G. P., Holzapfel, W. L., Hood, J. C., Howe, D., Huang, N., Irwin, K. D., Jeong, O. B., Jonas, M., Jones, A., Khaire, T. S., Knox, L., Kofman, A. M., Korman, M., Kubik, D. L., Kuhlmann, S., Kuo, C. -L., Lee, A. T., Leitch, E. M., Lowitz, A. E., Lu, C., Meyer, S. S., Michalik, D., Millea, M., Natoli, T., Nguyen, H., Noble, G. I., Novosad, V., Omori, Y., Padin, S., Pan, Z., Paschos, P., Pearson, J., Posada, C. M., Prabhu, K., Quan, W., Reichardt, C. L., Riebel, D., Riedel, B., Rouble, M., Ruhl, J. E., Saliwanchik, B., Sayre, J. T., Schiappucci, E., Shirokoff, E., Smecher, G., Stark, A. A., Stephen, J., Story, K. T., Suzuki, A., Tandoi, C., Thompson, K. L., Thorne, B., Tucker, C., Umilta, C., Vale, L. R., Vanderlinde, K., Vieira, J. D., Wang, G., Whitehorn, N., Wu, W. L. K., Yefremenko, V., Yoon, K. W., and Young, M. R.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

SPT-3G is the third survey receiver operating on the South Pole Telescope dedicated to high-resolution observations of the cosmic microwave background (CMB). Sensitive measurements of the temperature and polarization anisotropies of the CMB provide a powerful dataset for constraining cosmology. Additionally, CMB surveys with arcminute-scale resolution are capable of detecting galaxy clusters, millimeter-wave bright galaxies, and a variety of transient phenomena. The SPT-3G instrument provides a significant improvement in mapping speed over its predecessors, SPT-SZ and SPTpol. The broadband optics design of the instrument achieves a 430 mm diameter image plane across observing bands of 95 GHz, 150 GHz, and 220 GHz, with 1.2 arcmin FWHM beam response at 150 GHz. In the receiver, this image plane is populated with 2690 dual-polarization, tri-chroic pixels (~16000 detectors) read out using a 68X digital frequency-domain multiplexing readout system. In 2018, SPT-3G began a multiyear survey of 1500 deg$^{2}$ of the southern sky. We summarize the unique optical, cryogenic, detector, and readout technologies employed in SPT-3G, and we report on the integrated performance of the instrument., Comment: 25 pages, 11 figures. Accepted for publication in ApJS

Published
2021
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4. Performance and characterization of the SPT-3G digital frequency-domain multiplexed readout system using an improved noise and crosstalk model

Author

Montgomery, J., Ade, P. A. R., Ahmed, Z., Anderes, E., Anderson, A. J., Archipley, M., Avva, J. S., Aylor, K., Balkenhol, L., Barry, P. S., Thakur, R. Basu, Benabed, K., Bender, A. N., Benson, B. A., Bianchini, F., Bleem, L. E., Bouchet, F. R., Bryant, L., Byrum, K., Carlstrom, J. E., Carter, F. W., Cecil, T. W., Chang, C. L., Chaubal, P., Chen, G., Cho, H. -M., Chou, T. -L., Cliche, J. -F., Crawford, T. M., Cukierman, A., Daley, C., de Haan, T., Denison, E. V., Dibert, K., Ding, J., Dobbs, M. A., Dutcher, D., Elleflot, T., Everett, W., Feng, C., Ferguson, K. R., Foster, A., Fu, J., Galli, S., Gambrel, A. E., Gardner, R. W., Goeckner-Wald, N., Groh, J. C., Gualtieri, R., Guns, S., Gupta, N., Guyser, R., Halverson, N. W., Harke-Hosemann, A. H., Harrington, N. L., Henning, J. W., Hilton, G. C., Hivon, E., Holzapfel, W. L., Hood, J. C., Howe, D., Huang, N., Irwin, K. D., Jeong, O. B., Jonas, M., Jones, A., Khaire, T. S., Knox, L., Kofman, A. M., Korman, M., Kubik, D. L., Kuhlmann, S., Kuo, C. -L., Lee, A. T., Leitch, E. M., Lowitz, A. E., Lu, C., Meyer, S. S., Michalik, D., Millea, M., Nadolski, A., Natoli, T., Nguyen, H., Noble, G. I., Novosad, V., Omori, Y., Padin, S., Pan, Z., Paschos, P., Pearson, J., Posada, C. M., Prabhu, K., Quan, W., Rahlin, A., Reichardt, C. L., Riebel, D., Riedel, B., Rouble, M., Ruhl, J. E., Sayre, J. T., Schiappucci, E., Shirokoff, E., Smecher, G., Sobrin, J. A., Stark, A. A., Stephen, J., Story, K. T., Suzuki, A., Thompson, K. L., Thorne, B., Tucker, C., Umilta, C., Vale, L. R., Vanderlinde, K., Vieira, J. D., Wang, G., Whitehorn, N., Wu, W. L. K., Yefremenko, V., Yoon, K. W., and Young, M. R.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

The third generation South Pole Telescope camera (SPT-3G) improves upon its predecessor (SPTpol) by an order of magnitude increase in detectors on the focal plane. The technology used to read out and control these detectors, digital frequency-domain multiplexing (DfMUX), is conceptually the same as used for SPTpol, but extended to accommodate more detectors. A nearly 5x expansion in the readout operating bandwidth has enabled the use of this large focal plane, and SPT-3G performance meets the forecasting targets relevant to its science objectives. However, the electrical dynamics of the higher-bandwidth readout differ from predictions based on models of the SPTpol system due to the higher frequencies used, and parasitic impedances associated with new cryogenic electronic architecture. To address this, we present an updated derivation for electrical crosstalk in higher-bandwidth DfMUX systems, and identify two previously uncharacterized contributions to readout noise, which become dominant at high bias frequency. The updated crosstalk and noise models successfully describe the measured crosstalk and readout noise performance of SPT-3G. These results also suggest specific changes to warm electronics component values, wire-harness properties, and SQUID parameters, to improve the readout system for future experiments using DfMUX, such as the LiteBIRD space telescope., Comment: Accepted to the Journal of Astronomical Telescopes, Instruments, and Systems

Published
2021
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5. Constraints on $\Lambda$CDM Extensions from the SPT-3G 2018 $EE$ and $TE$ Power Spectra

Author

Balkenhol, L., Dutcher, D., Ade, P. A. R., Ahmed, Z., Anderes, E., Anderson, A. J., Archipley, M., Avva, J. S., Aylor, K., Barry, P. S., Thakur, R. Basu, Benabed, K., Bender, A. N., Benson, B. A., Bianchini, F., Bleem, L. E., Bouchet, F. R., Bryant, L., Byrum, K., Carlstrom, J. E., Carter, F. W., Cecil, T. W., Chang, C. L., Chaubal, P., Chen, G., Cho, H. -M., Chou, T. -L., Cliche, J. -F., Crawford, T. M., Cukierman, A., Daley, C., de Haan, T., Denison, E. V., Dibert, K., Ding, J., Dobbs, M. A., Everett, W., Feng, C., Ferguson, K. R., Foster, A., Fu, J., Galli, S., Gambrel, A. E., Gardner, R. W., Goeckner-Wald, N., Gualtieri, R., Guns, S., Gupta, N., Guyser, R., Halverson, N. W., Harke-Hosemann, A. H., Harrington, N. L., Henning, J. W., Hilton, G. C., Hivon, E., Holder, G. P., Holzapfel, W. L., Hood, J. C., Howe, D., Huang, N., Irwin, K. D., Jeong, O. B., Jonas, M., Jones, A., Khaire, T. S., Knox, L., Kofman, A. M., Korman, M., Kubik, D. L., Kuhlmann, S., Kuo, C. -L., Lee, A. T., Leitch, E. M., Lowitz, A. E., Lu, C., Meyer, S. S., Michalik, D., Millea, M., Montgomery, J., Nadolski, A., Natoli, T., Nguyen, H., Noble, G. I., Novosad, V., Omori, Y., Padin, S., Pan, Z., Paschos, P., Pearson, J., Posada, C. M., Prabhu, K., Quan, W., Rahlin, A., Reichardt, C. L., Riebel, D., Riedel, B., Rouble, M., Ruhl, J. E., Sayre, J. T., Schiappucci, E., Shirokoff, E., Smecher, G., Sobrin, J. A., Stark, A. A., Stephen, J., Story, K. T., Suzuki, A., Thompson, K. L., Thorne, B., Tucker, C., Umilta, C., Vale, L. R., Vanderlinde, K., Vieira, J. D., Wang, G., Whitehorn, N., Wu, W. L. K., Yefremenko, V., Yoon, K. W., and Young, M. R.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

We present constraints on extensions to the $\Lambda$CDM cosmological model from measurements of the $E$-mode polarization auto-power spectrum and the temperature-$E$-mode cross-power spectrum of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) made using 2018 SPT-3G data. The extensions considered vary the primordial helium abundance, the effective number of relativistic degrees of freedom, the sum of neutrino masses, the relativistic energy density and mass of a sterile neutrino, and the mean spatial curvature. We do not find clear evidence for any of these extensions, from either the SPT-3G 2018 dataset alone or in combination with baryon acoustic oscillation and \textit{Planck} data. None of these model extensions significantly relax the tension between Hubble-constant, $H_0$, constraints from the CMB and from distance-ladder measurements using Cepheids and supernovae. The addition of the SPT-3G 2018 data to \textit{Planck} reduces the square-root of the determinants of the parameter covariance matrices by factors of $1.3 - 2.0$ across these models, signaling a substantial reduction in the allowed parameter volume. We also explore CMB-based constraints on $H_0$ from combined SPT, \textit{Planck}, and ACT DR4 datasets. While individual experiments see some indications of different $H_0$ values between the $TT$, $TE$, and $EE$ spectra, the combined $H_0$ constraints are consistent between the three spectra. For the full combined datasets, we report $H_0 = 67.49 \pm 0.53\,\mathrm{km\,s^{-1}\,Mpc^{-1}}$, which is the tightest constraint on $H_0$ from CMB power spectra to date and in $4.1\,\sigma$ tension with the most precise distance-ladder-based measurement of $H_0$. The SPT-3G survey is planned to continue through at least 2023, with existing maps of combined 2019 and 2020 data already having $\sim3.5\times$ lower noise than the maps used in this analysis., Comment: Submitted to PRD; 19 pages, 7 figures

Published
2021
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6. Detection of Galactic and Extragalactic Millimeter-Wavelength Transient Sources with SPT-3G

Author

Guns, S., Foster, A., Daley, C., Rahlin, A., Whitehorn, N., Ade, P. A. R., Ahmed, Z., Anderes, E., Anderson, A. J., Archipley, M., Avva, J. S., Aylor, K., Balkenhol, L., Barry, P. S., Thakur, R. Basu, Benabed, K., Bender, A. N., Benson, B. A., Bianchini, F., Bleem, L. E., Bouchet, F. R., Bryant, L., Byrum, K., Carlstrom, J. E., Carter, F. W., Cecil, T. W., Chang, C. L., Chaubal, P., Chen, G., Cho, H. -M., Chou, T. -L., Cliche, J. -F., Crawford, T. M., Cukierman, A., de Haan, T., Denison, E. V., Dibert, K., Ding, J., Dobbs, M. A., Dutcher, D., Everett, W., Feng, C., Ferguson, K. R., Fu, J., Galli, S., Gambrel, A. E., Gardner, R. W., Goeckner-Wald, N., Gualtieri, R., Gupta, N., Guyser, R., Halverson, N. W., Harke-Hosemann, A. H., Harrington, N. L., Henning, J. W., Hilton, G. C., Hivon, E., Holder, G. P., Holzapfel, W. L., Hood, J. C., Howe, D., Huang, N., Irwin, K. D., Jeong, O. B., Jonas, M., Jones, A., Khaire, T. S., Knox, L., Kofman, A. M., Korman, M., Kubik, D. L., Kuhlmann, S., Kuo, C. -L., Lee, A. T., Leitch, E. M., Lowitz, A. E., Lu, C., Marrone, D. P., Meyer, S. S., Michalik, D., Millea, M., Montgomery, J., Nadolski, A., Natoli, T., Nguyen, H., Noble, G. I., Novosad, V., Omori, Y., Padin, S., Pan, Z., Paschos, P., Pearson, J., Phadke, K. A., Posada, C. M., Prabhu, K., Quan, W., Reichardt, C. L., Riebel, D., Riedel, B., Rouble, M., Ruhl, J. E., Sayre, J. T., Schiappucci, E., Shirokoff, E., Smecher, G., Sobrin, J. A., Stark, A. A., Stephen, J., Story, K. T., Suzuki, A., Thompson, K. L., Thorne, B., Tucker, C., Umilta, C., Vale, L. R., Vieira, J. D., Wang, G., Wu, W. L. K., Yefremenko, V., Yoon, K. W., Young, M. R., and Zhang, L.

Subjects
Astrophysics - High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract

High-angular-resolution cosmic microwave background experiments provide a unique opportunity to conduct a survey of time-variable sources at millimeter wavelengths, a population which has primarily been understood through follow-up measurements of detections in other bands. Here we report the first results of an astronomical transient survey with the South Pole Telescope (SPT) using the SPT-3G camera to observe 1500 square degrees of the southern sky. The observations took place from March to November 2020 in three bands centered at 95, 150, and 220 GHz. This survey yielded the detection of fifteen transient events from sources not previously detected by the SPT. The majority are associated with variable stars of different types, expanding the number of such detected flares by more than a factor of two. The stellar flares are unpolarized and bright, in some cases exceeding 1 Jy, and have durations from a few minutes to several hours. Another population of detected events last for 2--3 weeks and appear to be extragalactic in origin. Though data availability at other wavelengths is limited, we find evidence for concurrent optical activity for two of the stellar flares. Future data from SPT-3G and forthcoming instruments will provide real-time detection of millimeter-wave transients on timescales of minutes to months., Comment: 14 pages, 9 figures; accepted to ApJ 5/27

Published
2021
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7. Measurements of the E-Mode Polarization and Temperature-E-Mode Correlation of the CMB from SPT-3G 2018 Data

Author

Dutcher, D., Balkenhol, L., Ade, P. A. R., Ahmed, Z., Anderes, E., Anderson, A. J., Archipley, M., Avva, J. S., Aylor, K., Barry, P. S., Thakur, R. Basu, Benabed, K., Bender, A. N., Benson, B. A., Bianchini, F., Bleem, L. E., Bouchet, F. R., Bryant, L., Byrum, K., Carlstrom, J. E., Carter, F. W., Cecil, T. W., Chang, C. L., Chaubal, P., Chen, G., Cho, H. -M., Chou, T. -L., Cliche, J. -F., Crawford, T. M., Cukierman, A., Daley, C., de Haan, T., Denison, E. V., Dibert, K., Ding, J., Dobbs, M. A., Everett, W., Feng, C., Ferguson, K. R., Foster, A., Fu, J., Galli, S., Gambrel, A. E., Gardner, R. W., Goeckner-Wald, N., Gualtieri, R., Guns, S., Gupta, N., Guyser, R., Halverson, N. W., Harke-Hosemann, A. H., Harrington, N. L., Henning, J. W., Hilton, G. C., Hivon, E., Holder, G. P., Holzapfel, W. L., Hood, J. C., Howe, D., Huang, N., Irwin, K. D., Jeong, O. B., Jonas, M., Jones, A., Khaire, T. S., Knox, L., Kofman, A. M., Korman, M., Kubik, D. L., Kuhlmann, S., Kuo, C. -L., Lee, A. T., Leitch, E. M., Lowitz, A. E., Lu, C., Meyer, S. S., Michalik, D., Millea, M., Montgomery, J., Nadolski, A., Natoli, T., Nguyen, H., Noble, G. I., Novosad, V., Omori, Y., Padin, S., Pan, Z., Paschos, P., Pearson, J., Posada, C. M., Prabhu, K., Quan, W., Raghunathan, S., Rahlin, A., Reichardt, C. L., Riebel, D., Riedel, B., Rouble, M., Ruhl, J. E., Sayre, J. T., Schiappucci, E., Shirokoff, E., Smecher, G., Sobrin, J. A., Stark, A. A., Stephen, J., Story, K. T., Suzuki, A., Thompson, K. L., Thorne, B., Tucker, C., Umilta, C., Vale, L. R., Vanderlinde, K., Vieira, J. D., Wang, G., Whitehorn, N., Wu, W. L. K., Yefremenko, V., Yoon, K. W., and Young, M. R.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

We present measurements of the $E$-mode ($EE$) polarization power spectrum and temperature-$E$-mode ($TE$) cross-power spectrum of the cosmic microwave background using data collected by SPT-3G, the latest instrument installed on the South Pole Telescope. This analysis uses observations of a 1500 deg$^2$ region at 95, 150, and 220 GHz taken over a four month period in 2018. We report binned values of the $EE$ and $TE$ power spectra over the angular multipole range $300 \le \ell < 3000$, using the multifrequency data to construct six semi-independent estimates of each power spectrum and their minimum-variance combination. These measurements improve upon the previous results of SPTpol across the multipole ranges $300 \le \ell \le 1400$ for $EE$ and $300 \le \ell \le 1700$ for $TE$, resulting in constraints on cosmological parameters comparable to those from other current leading ground-based experiments. We find that the SPT-3G dataset is well-fit by a $\Lambda$CDM cosmological model with parameter constraints consistent with those from Planck and SPTpol data. From SPT-3G data alone, we find $H_0 = 68.8 \pm 1.5 \mathrm{km\,s^{-1}\,Mpc^{-1}}$ and $\sigma_8 = 0.789 \pm 0.016$, with a gravitational lensing amplitude consistent with the $\Lambda$CDM prediction ($A_L = 0.98 \pm 0.12$). We combine the SPT-3G and the Planck datasets and obtain joint constraints on the $\Lambda$CDM model. The volume of the 68% confidence region in six-dimensional $\Lambda$CDM parameter space is reduced by a factor of 1.5 compared to Planck-only constraints, with only slight shifts in central values. We note that the results presented here are obtained from data collected during just half of a typical observing season with only part of the focal plane operable, and that the active detector count has since nearly doubled for observations made with SPT-3G after 2018.

Published
2021
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8. Broadband, millimeter-wave antireflection coatings for large-format, cryogenic aluminum oxide optics

Author

Nadolski, A., Vieira, J. D., Sobrin, J. A., Kofman, A. M., Ade, P. A. R., Ahmed, Z., Anderson, A. J., Avva, J. S., Thakur, R. Basu, Bender, A. N., Benson, B. A., Bryant, L., Carlstrom, J. E., Carter, F. W., Cecil, T. W., Chang, C. L., Cheshire IV, J. R., Chesmore, G. E., Cliche, J. F., Cukierman, A., de Haan, T., Dierickx, M., Ding, J., Dutcher, D., Everett, W., Farwick, J., Ferguson, K. R., Florez, L., Foster, A., Fu, J., Gallicchio, J., Gambrel, A. E., Gardner, R. W., Groh, J. C., Guns, S., Guyser, R., Halverson, N. W., Harke-Hosemann, A. H., Harrington, N. L., Harris, R. J., Henning, J. W., Holzapfel, W. L., Howe, D., Huang, N., Irwin, K. D., Jeong, O., Jonas, M., Jones, A., Korman, M., Kovac, J., Kubik, D. L., Kuhlmann, S., Kuo, C. -L., Lee, A. T., Lowitz, A. E., McMahon, J., Meier, J., Meyer, S. S., Michalik, D., Montgomery, J., Natoli, T., Nguyen, H., Noble, G. I., Novosad, V., Padin, S., Pan, Z., Paschos, P., Pearson, J., sada, C. M. Po, Quan, W., Rahlin, A., Riebel, D., Ruhl, J. E., Sayre, J. T., Shirokoff, E., Smecher, G., Stark, A. A., Stephen, J., Story, K. T., Suzuki, A., Tandoi, C., Thompson, K. L., Tucker, C., Vanderlinde, K., Wang, G., Whitehorn, N., Yefremenko, V., Yoon, K. W., and Young, M. R.

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

We present two prescriptions for broadband (~77 - 252 GHz), millimeter-wave antireflection coatings for cryogenic, sintered polycrystalline aluminum oxide optics: one for large-format (700 mm diameter) planar and plano-convex elements, the other for densely packed arrays of quasi-optical elements, in our case 5 mm diameter half-spheres (called "lenslets"). The coatings comprise three layers of commercially-available, polytetrafluoroethylene-based, dielectric sheet material. The lenslet coating is molded to fit the 150 mm diameter arrays directly while the large-diameter lenses are coated using a tiled approach. We review the fabrication processes for both prescriptions then discuss laboratory measurements of their transmittance and reflectance. In addition, we present the inferred refractive indices and loss tangents for the coating materials and the aluminum oxide substrate. We find that at 150 GHz and 300 K the large-format coating sample achieves (97 +/- 2)% transmittance and the lenslet coating sample achieves (94 +/- 3)% transmittance., Comment: 19 pages, 11 figures; submitted 05 Dec 2019, accepted 26 Feb 2020

Published
2019
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9. Particle Physics with the Cosmic Microwave Background with SPT-3G

Author

Avva, J. S., Ade, P. A. R., Ahmed, Z., Anderson, A. J., Aylor, K., Thakur, R. Basu, Bender, A. N., Benson, B. A., Bleem, L. E., Bocquet, S., Bryant, L., Carlstrom, J. E., Carter, F. W., Cecil, T. W., Chang, C. L., Crawford, T. M., Cukierman, A., de Haan, T., Ding, J., Dobbs, M. A., Dodelson, S., Dutcher, D., Everett, W., Ferguson, K. R., Foster, A., Gallicchio, J., Gambrel, A. E., Gardner, R. W., Groh, J. C., Guns, S., Halverson, N. W., Harke-Hosemann, A. H., Harrington, N. L., Henning, J. W., Holder, G. P., Holzapfel, W. L., Howe, D., Huang, N., Irwin, K. D., Jeong, O. B., Jonas, M., Jones, A., Khaire, T. S., Knox, L., Kofman, A. M., Korman, M., Kubik, D. L., Kuhlmann, S., Kuo, C. -L., Lee, A. T., Lowitz, A. E., Meyer, S. S., Michalik, D., Montgomery, J., Nadolski, A., Natoli, T., Nguyen, H., Noble, G. I., Novosad, V., Padin, S., Pan, Z., Paschos, P., Pearson, J., Posada, C. M., Quan, W., Raghunathan, S., Rahlin, A., Reichardt, C. L., Riebel, D., Ruhl, J. E., Sayre, J. T., Shirokoff, E., Smecher, G., Sobrin, J. A., Stark, A. A., Stephen, J., Story, K. T., Suzuki, A., Thompson, K. L., Tucker, C., Vanderlinde, K., Vieira, J. D., Wang, G., Whitehorn, N., Wu, W. L. K., Yefremenko, V., Yoon, K. W., and Young, M. R.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

The cosmic microwave background (CMB) encodes information about the content and evolution of the universe. The presence of light, weakly interacting particles impacts the expansion history of the early universe, which alters the temperature and polarization anisotropies of the CMB. In this way, current measurements of the CMB place interesting constraints on the neutrino energy density and mass, as well as on the abundance of other possible light relativistic particle species. We present the status of an on-going 1500 sq. deg. survey with the SPT-3G receiver, a new mm-wavelength camera on the 10-m diameter South Pole Telescope (SPT). The SPT-3G camera consists of 16,000 superconducting transition edge sensors, a 10x increase over the previous generation camera, which allows it to map the CMB with an unprecedented combination of sensitivity and angular resolution. We highlight projected constraints on the abundance of sterile neutrinos and the sum of the neutrino masses for the SPT-3G survey, which could help determine the neutrino mass hierarchy., Comment: 6 pages, 2 figures, TAUP 2019

Published
2019

10. Performance of Al-Mn Transition-Edge Sensor Bolometers in SPT-3G

Author

Anderson, A. J., Ade, P. A. R., Ahmed, Z., Avva, J. S., Barry, P. S., Thakur, R. Basu, Bender, A. N., Benson, B. A., Bryant, L., Byrum, K., Carlstrom, J. E., Carter, F. W., Cecil, T. W., Chang, C. L., Cho, H. -M., Cliche, J. F., Cukierman, A., de Haan, T., Denison, E. V., Ding, J., Dobbs, M. A., Dutcher, D., Everett, W., Ferguson, K. R., Foster, A., Fu, J., Gallicchio, J., Gambrel, A. E., Gardner, R. W., Gilbert, A., Groh, J. C., Guns, S., Guyser, R., Halverson, N. W., Harke-Hosemann, A. H., Harrington, N. L., Henning, J. W., Hilton, G. C., Holzapfel, W. L., Howe, D., Huang, N., Irwin, K. D., Jeong, O. B., Jonas, M., Jones, A., Khaire, T. S., Kofman, A. M., Korman, M., Kubik, D. L., Kuhlmann, S., Kuo, C. -L., Lee, A. T., Leitch, E. M., Lowitz, A. E., Meyer, S. S., Michalik, D., Montgomery, J., Nadolski, A., Natoli, T., Nguyen, H., Noble, G. I., Novosad, V., Padin, S., Pan, Z., Paschos, P., Pearson, J., Posada, C. M., Quan, W., Rahlin, A., Riebel, D., Ruhl, J. E., Sayre, J. T., Shirokoff, E., Smecher, G., Sobrin, J. A., Stark, A. A., Stephen, J., Story, K. T., Suzuki, A., Thompson, K. L., Tucker, C., Vale, L. R., Vanderlinde, K., Vieira, J. D., Wang, G., Whitehorn, N., Yefremenko, V., Yoon, K. W., and Young, M. R.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

SPT-3G is a polarization-sensitive receiver, installed on the South Pole Telescope, that measures the anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background (CMB) from degree to arcminute scales. The receiver consists of ten 150~mm-diameter detector wafers, containing a total of 16,000 transition-edge sensor (TES) bolometers observing at 95, 150, and 220 GHz. During the 2018-2019 austral summer, one of these detector wafers was replaced by a new wafer fabricated with Al-Mn TESs instead of the Ti/Au design originally deployed for SPT-3G. We present the results of in-lab characterization and on-sky performance of this Al-Mn wafer, including electrical and thermal properties, optical efficiency measurements, and noise-equivalent temperature. In addition, we discuss and account for several calibration-related systematic errors that affect measurements made using frequency-domain multiplexing readout electronics., Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures, submitted to the Journal of Low Temperature Physics: LTD18 Special Edition

Published
2019
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11. On-sky performance of the SPT-3G frequency-domain multiplexed readout

Author

Bender, A. N., Anderson, A. J., Avva, J. S., Ade, P. A. R., Ahmed, Z., Barry, P. S., Thakur, R. Basu, Benson, B. A., Bryant, L., Byrum, K., Carlstrom, J. E., Carter, F. W., Cecil, T. W., Chang, C. L., Cho, H. -M., Cliche, J. F., Cukierman, A., de Haan, T., Denison, E. V., Ding, J., Dobbs, M. A., Dutcher, D., Everett, W., Ferguson, K. R., Foster, A., Fu, J., Gallicchio, J., Gambrel, A. E., Gardner, R. W., Gilbert, A., Groh, J. C., Guns, S., Guyser, R., Halverson, N. W., Harke-Hosemann, A. H., Harrington, N. L., Henning, J. W., Hilton, G. C., Holzapfel, W. L., Howe, D., Huang, N., Irwin, K. D., Jeong, O. B., Jonas, M., Jones, A., Khaire, T. S., Kofman, A. M., Korman, M., Kubik, D. L., Kuhlmann, S., Kuo, C. -L., Lee, A. T., Leitch, E. M., Lowitz, A. E., Meyer, S. S., Michalik, D., Montgomery, J., Nadolski, A., Natoli, T., Nguyen, H., Noble, G. I., Novosad, V., Padin, S., Pan, Z., Paschos, P., Pearson, J., Posada, C. M., Quan, W., Rahlin, A., Riebel, D., Ruhl, J. E., Sayre, J. T., Shirokoff, E., Smecher, G., Sobrin, J. A., Stark, A. A., Stephen, J., Story, K. T., Suzuki, A., Thompson, K. L., Tucker, C., Vale, L. R., Vanderlinde, K., Vieira, J. D., Wang, G., Whitehorn, N., Yefremenko, V., Yoon, K. W., and Young, M. R.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

Frequency-domain multiplexing (fMux) is an established technique for the readout of large arrays of transition edge sensor (TES) bolometers. Each TES in a multiplexing module has a unique AC voltage bias that is selected by a resonant filter. This scheme enables the operation and readout of multiple bolometers on a single pair of wires, reducing thermal loading onto sub-Kelvin stages. The current receiver on the South Pole Telescope, SPT-3G, uses a 68x fMux system to operate its large-format camera of $\sim$16,000 TES bolometers. We present here the successful implementation and performance of the SPT-3G readout as measured on-sky. Characterization of the noise reveals a median pair-differenced 1/f knee frequency of 33 mHz, indicating that low-frequency noise in the readout will not limit SPT-3G's measurements of sky power on large angular scales. Measurements also show that the median readout white noise level in each of the SPT-3G observing bands is below the expectation for photon noise, demonstrating that SPT-3G is operating in the photon-noise-dominated regime., Comment: 9 pages, 5 figures submitted to the Journal of Low Temperature Physics: LTD18 Special Edition

Published
2019
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12. Design and Bolometer Characterization of the SPT-3G First-year Focal Plane

Author

Everett, W., Ade, P. A. R., Ahmed, Z., Anderson, A. J., Austermann, J. E., Avva, J. S., Thakur, R. Basu, Bender, A. N., Benson, B. A., Carlstrom, J. E., Carter, F. W., Cecil, T., Chang, C. L., Cliche, J. F., Cukierman, A., Denison, E. V., de Haan, T., Ding, J., Dobbs, M. A., Dutcher, D., Foster, A., Gannon, R. N., Gilbert, A., Groh, J. C., Halverson, N. W., Harke-Hosemann, A. H., Harrington, N. L., Henning, J. W., Hilton, G. C., Holzapfel, W. L., Huang, N., Irwin, K. D., Jeong, O. B., Jonas, M., Khaire, T., Kofman, A. M., Korman, M., Kubik, D., Kuhlmann, S., Kuo, C. L., Lee, A. T., Lowitz, A. E., Meyer, S. S., Michalik, D., Montgomery, J., Nadolski, A., Natoli, T., Nguyen, H., Noble, G. I., Novosad, V., Padin, S., Pan, Z., Pearson, J., Posada, C. M., Rahlin, A., Ruhl, J. E., Saunders, L. J., Sayre, J. T., Shirley, I., Shirokoff, E., Smecher, G., Sobrin, J. A., Stark, A. A., Story, K. T., Suzuki, A., Tang, Q. Y., Thompson, K. L., Tucker, C., Vale, L. R., Vanderlinde, K., Vieira, J. D., Wang, G., Whitehorn, N., Yefremenko, V., Yoon, K. W., and Young, M. R.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

During the austral summer of 2016-17, the third-generation camera, SPT-3G, was installed on the South Pole Telescope, increasing the detector count in the focal plane by an order of magnitude relative to the previous generation. Designed to map the polarization of the cosmic microwave background, SPT-3G contains ten 6-in-hexagonal modules of detectors, each with 269 trichroic and dual-polarization pixels, read out using 68x frequency-domain multiplexing. Here we discuss design, assembly, and layout of the modules, as well as early performance characterization of the first-year array, including yield and detector properties., Comment: Conference proceeding for Low Temperature Detectors 2017. Accepted for publication: 27 August 2018

Published
2019
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13. Year two instrument status of the SPT-3G cosmic microwave background receiver

Author

Bender, A. N., Ade, P. A. R., Ahmed, Z., Anderson, A. J., Avva, J. S., Aylor, K., Barry, P. S., Thakur, R. Basu, Benson, B. A., Bleem, L. S., Bocquet, S., Byrum, K., Carlstrom, J. E., Carter, F. W., Cecil, T. W., Chang, C. L., Cho, H. -M., Cliche, J. F., Crawford, T. M., Cukierman, A., de Haan, T., Denison, E. V., Ding, J., Dobbs, M. A., Dodelson, S., Dutcher, D., Everett, W., Foster, A., Gallicchio, J., Gilbert, A., Groh, J. C., Guns, S. T., Halverson, N. W., Harke-Hosemann, A. H., Harrington, N. L., Henning, J. W., Hilton, G. C., Holder, G. P., Holzapfel, W. L., Huang, N., Irwin, K. D., Jeong, O. B., Jonas, M., Jones, A., Khaire, T. S., Knox, L., Kofman, A. M., Korman, M., Kubik, D. L., Kuhlmann, S., Kuo, C. -L., Lee, A. T., Leitch, E. M., Lowitz, A. E., Meyer, S. S., Michalik, D., Montgomery, J., Nadolski, A., Natoli, T., Nguyen, H., Noble, G. I., Novosad, V., Padin, S., Pan, Z., Pearson, J., Posada, C. M., Quan, W., Raghunathan, S., Rahlin, A., Reichardt, C. L., Ruhl, J. E., Sayre, J. T., Shirokoff, E., Smecher, G., Sobrin, J. A., Stark, A. A., Story, K. T., Suzuki, A., Thompson, K. L., Tucker, C., Vale, L. R., Vanderlinde, K., Vieira, J. D., Wang, G., Whitehorn, N., Wu, W. L. K., Yefremenko, V., Yoon, K. W., and Young, M. R.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract

The South Pole Telescope (SPT) is a millimeter-wavelength telescope designed for high-precision measurements of the cosmic microwave background (CMB). The SPT measures both the temperature and polarization of the CMB with a large aperture, resulting in high resolution maps sensitive to signals across a wide range of angular scales on the sky. With these data, the SPT has the potential to make a broad range of cosmological measurements. These include constraining the effect of massive neutrinos on large-scale structure formation as well as cleaning galactic and cosmological foregrounds from CMB polarization data in future searches for inflationary gravitational waves. The SPT began observing in January 2017 with a new receiver (SPT-3G) containing $\sim$16,000 polarization-sensitive transition-edge sensor bolometers. Several key technology developments have enabled this large-format focal plane, including advances in detectors, readout electronics, and large millimeter-wavelength optics. We discuss the implementation of these technologies in the SPT-3G receiver as well as the challenges they presented. In late 2017 the implementations of all three of these technologies were modified to optimize total performance. Here, we present the current instrument status of the SPT-3G receiver., Comment: 21 pages, 9 Figures, Presented at SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation 2018

Published
2018
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14. Characterization and performance of the second-year SPT-3G focal plane

Author

Dutcher, D., Ade, P. A. R., Ahmed, Z., Anderson, A. J., Avva, J. S., Thakur, R. Basu, Bender, A. N., Benson, B. A., Carlstrom, J. E., Carter, F. W., Cecil, T. W., Chang, C. L., Cliche, J. F., Cukierman, A., de Haan, T., Ding, J., Dobbs, M. A., Everett, W., Foster, A., Gallicchio, J., Gilbert, A., Groh, J. C., Guns, S. T., Halverson, N. W., Harke-Hosemann, A. H., Harrington, N. L., Henning, J. W., Holzapfel, W. L., Huang, N., Irwin, K. D., Jeong, O. B., Jonas, M., Khaire, T. S., Kofman, A. M., Korman, M., Kubik, D. L., Kuhlmann, S., Kuo, C. -L., Lee, A. T., Lowitz, A. E., Meyer, S. S., Michalik, D., Montgomery, J., Nadolski, A., Natoli, T., Nguyen, H., Noble, G. I., Novosad, V., Padin, S., Pan, Z., Pearson, J., Posada, C. M., Quan, W., Rahlin, A., Ruhl, J. E., Sayre, J. T., Shirokoff, E., Smecher, G., Sobrin, J. A., Stark, A. A., Story, K. T., Suzuki, A., Thompson, K. L., Tucker, C., Vanderlinde, K., Vieira, J. D., Wang, G., Whitehorn, N., Yefremenko, V., Yoon, K. W., and Young, M. R.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

The third-generation instrument for the 10-meter South Pole Telescope, SPT-3G, was first installed in January 2017. In addition to completely new cryostats, secondary telescope optics, and readout electronics, the number of detectors in the focal plane has increased by an order of magnitude from previous instruments to ~16,000. The SPT-3G focal plane consists of ten detector modules, each with an array of 269 trichroic, polarization-sensitive pixels on a six-inch silicon wafer. Within each pixel is a broadband, dual-polarization sinuous antenna; the signal from each orthogonal linear polarization is divided into three frequency bands centered at 95, 150, and 220 GHz by in-line lumped element filters and transmitted via superconducting microstrip to Ti/Au transition-edge sensor (TES) bolometers. Properties of the TES film, microstrip filters, and bolometer island must be tightly controlled to achieve optimal performance. For the second year of SPT-3G operation, we have replaced all ten wafers in the focal plane with new detector arrays tuned to increase mapping speed and improve overall performance. Here we discuss the TES superconducting transition temperature and normal resistance, detector saturation power, bandpasses, optical efficiency, and full array yield for the 2018 focal plane., Comment: 13 pages, 11 figures

Published
2018
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15. Design and characterization of the SPT-3G receiver

Author

Sobrin, J. A., Ade, P. A. R., Ahmed, Z., Anderson, A. J., Avva, J. S., Thakur, R. Basu, Bender, A. N., Benson, B. A., Carlstrom, J. E., Carter, F. W., Cecil, T. W., Chang, C. L., Cliche, J. F., Cukierman, A., de Haan, T., Ding, J., Dobbs, M. A., Dutcher, D., Everett, W., Foster, A., Gallichio, J., Gilbert, A., Groh, J. C., Guns, S. T., Halverson, N. W., Harke-Hosemann, A. H., Harrington, N. L., Henning, J. W., Holzapfel, W. L., Huang, N., Irwin, K. D., Jeong, O. B., Jonas, M., Khaire, T. S., Kofman, A. M., Korman, M., Kubik, D. L., Kuhlmann, S., Kuo, C. L., Lee, A. T., Lowitz, A. E., Meyer, S. S., Michalik, D., Montgomery, J., Nadolski, A., Natoli, T., Nguyen, H., Noble, G. I., Novosad, V., Padin, S., Pan, Z., Pearson, J., Posada, C. M., Quan, W., Rahlin, A., Ruhl, J. E., Sayre, J. T., Shirokoff, E., Smecher, G., Stark, A. A., Story, K. T., Suzuki, A., Thompson, K. L., Tucker, C., Vanderlinde, K., Vieira, J. D., Wang, G., Whitehorn, N., Yefremenko, V., Yoon, K. W., and Young, M.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

The SPT-3G receiver was commissioned in early 2017 on the 10-meter South Pole Telescope (SPT) to map anisotropies in the cosmic microwave background (CMB). New optics, detector, and readout technologies have yielded a multichroic, high-resolution, low-noise camera with impressive throughput and sensitivity, offering the potential to improve our understanding of inflationary physics, astroparticle physics, and growth of structure. We highlight several key features and design principles of the new receiver, and summarize its performance to date., Comment: Conference Presentation at SPIE Astronomical Telescopes + Instrumentation 2018, conference 10708

Published
2018
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16. Broadband anti-reflective coatings for cosmic microwave background experiments

Author

Nadolski, A., Kofman, A. M., Vieira, J. D., Ade, P. A. R., Ahmed, Z., Anderson, A. J., Avva, J. S., Thakur, R. Basu, Bender, A. N., Benson, B. A., Carlstrom, J. E., Carter, F. W., Cecil, T. W., Chang, C. L., Cliche, J. F., Cukierman, A., de Haan, T., Ding, J., Dobbs, M. A., Dutcher, D., Everett, W., Foster, A., Fu, J., Gallicchio, J., Gilbert, A., Groh, J. C., Guns, S. T., Guyser, R., Halverson, N. W., Harke-Hosemann, A. H., Harrington, N. L., Henning, J. W., Holzapfel, W. L., Huang, N., Irwin, K. D., Jeong, O. B., Jonas, M., Jones, A., Khaire, T. S., Korman, M., Kubik, D. L., Kuhlmann, S., Kuo, C. -L., Lee, A. T., Lowitz, A. E., Meyer, S. S., Michalik, D., Montgomery, J., Natoli, T., Nguyen, H., Noble, G. I., Novosad, V., Padin, S., Pan, Z., Pearson, J., Posada, C. M., Quan, W., Rahlin, A., Ruhl, J. E., Sayre, J. T., Shirokoff, E., Smecher, G., Sobrin, J. A., Stark, A. A., Story, K. T., Suzuki, A., Thompson, K. L., Tucker, C., Vanderlinde, K., Wang, G., Whitehorn, N., Yefremenko, V., Yoon, K. W., and Young, M. R.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

The desire for higher sensitivity has driven ground-based cosmic microwave background (CMB) experiments to employ ever larger focal planes, which in turn require larger reimaging optics. Practical limits to the maximum size of these optics motivates the development of quasi-optically-coupled (lenslet-coupled), multi-chroic detectors. These detectors can be sensitive across a broader bandwidth compared to waveguide-coupled detectors. However, the increase in bandwidth comes at a cost: the lenses (up to $\sim$700 mm diameter) and lenslets ($\sim$5 mm diameter, hemispherical lenses on the focal plane) used in these systems are made from high-refractive-index materials (such as silicon or amorphous aluminum oxide) that reflect nearly a third of the incident radiation. In order to maximize the faint CMB signal that reaches the detectors, the lenses and lenslets must be coated with an anti-reflective (AR) material. The AR coating must maximize radiation transmission in scientifically interesting bands and be cryogenically stable. Such a coating was developed for the third generation camera, SPT-3G, of the South Pole Telescope (SPT) experiment, but the materials and techniques used in the development are general to AR coatings for mm-wave optics. The three-layer polytetrafluoroethylene-based AR coating is broadband, inexpensive, and can be manufactured with simple tools. The coating is field tested; AR coated focal plane elements were deployed in the 2016-2017 austral summer and AR coated reimaging optics were deployed in 2017-2018., Comment: 13 pages, 5 figures

Published
2018
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17. Calorimetric observation of single He2* excimers in a 100 mK He bath

Author

Carter, F. W., Hertel, S. A., Rooks, M. J., McClintock, P. V. E., McKinsey, D. N., and Prober, D. E.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Other Condensed Matter, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

We report the first calorimetric detection of individual He2* excimers within a bath of superfluid 4He. The detector used in this work is a single superconducting titanium transition edge sensor (TES) with an energy resolution of ~1 eV, immersed directly in the helium bath. He2* excimers are produced in the surrounding bath using an external gamma-ray source. These excimers exist either as short-lived singlet or long-lived triplet states. We demonstrate detection of both states: in the singlet case the calorimeter records the absorption of a prompt 15 eV photon, and in the triplet case the calorimeter records a direct interaction of the molecule with the TES surface, which deposits a distinct fraction of the 15 eV, released upon decay, into the surface. We also briefly discuss the detector fabrication and characterization., Comment: 7 pages, 10 figures

Published
2016
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18. Asteroid Measurements at Millimeter Wavelengths with the South Pole Telescope

Author

Chichura, P. M., primary, Foster, A., additional, Patel, C., additional, Ossa-Jaen, N., additional, Ade, P. A. R., additional, Ahmed, Z., additional, Anderson, A. J., additional, Archipley, M., additional, Austermann, J. E., additional, Avva, J. S., additional, Balkenhol, L., additional, Barry, P. S., additional, Thakur, R. Basu, additional, Beall, J. A., additional, Benabed, K., additional, Bender, A. N., additional, Benson, B. A., additional, Bianchini, F., additional, Bleem, L. E., additional, Bouchet, F. R., additional, Bryant, L., additional, Byrum, K., additional, Carlstrom, J. E., additional, Carter, F. W., additional, Cecil, T. W., additional, Chang, C. L., additional, Chaubal, P., additional, Chen, G., additional, Chiang, H. C., additional, Cho, H.-M., additional, Chou, T-L., additional, Citron, R., additional, Cliche, J.-F., additional, Crawford, T. M., additional, Crites, A. T., additional, Cukierman, A., additional, Daley, C. M., additional, Denison, E. V., additional, Dibert, K., additional, Ding, J., additional, Dobbs, M. A., additional, Dutcher, D., additional, Everett, W., additional, Feng, C., additional, Ferguson, K. R., additional, Fu, J., additional, Galli, S., additional, Gallicchio, J., additional, Gambrel, A. E., additional, Gardner, R. W., additional, George, E. M., additional, Goeckner-Wald, N., additional, Gualtieri, R., additional, Guns, S., additional, Gupta, N., additional, Guyser, R., additional, Haan, T. de, additional, Halverson, N. W., additional, Harke-Hosemann, A. H., additional, Harrington, N. L., additional, Henning, J. W., additional, Hilton, G. C., additional, Hivon, E., additional, Holder, G. P., additional, Holzapfel, W. L., additional, Hood, J. C., additional, Howe, D., additional, Hrubes, J. D., additional, Huang, N., additional, Hubmayr, J., additional, Irwin, K. D., additional, Jeong, O. B., additional, Jonas, M., additional, Jones, A., additional, Khaire, T. S., additional, Knox, L., additional, Kofman, A. M., additional, Korman, M., additional, Kubik, D. L., additional, Kuhlmann, S., additional, Kuo, C.-L., additional, Lee, A. T., additional, Leitch, E. M., additional, Li, D., additional, Lowitz, A., additional, Lu, C., additional, Marrone, D. P., additional, McMahon, J. J., additional, Meyer, S. S., additional, Michalik, D., additional, Millea, M., additional, Mocanu, L. M., additional, Montgomery, J., additional, Moran, C. Corbett, additional, Nadolski, A., additional, Natoli, T., additional, Nguyen, H., additional, Nibarger, J. P., additional, Noble, G., additional, Novosad, V., additional, Omori, Y., additional, Padin, S., additional, Pan, Z., additional, Paschos, P., additional, Patil, S., additional, Pearson, J., additional, Phadke, K. A., additional, Posada, C. M., additional, Prabhu, K., additional, Pryke, C., additional, Quan, W., additional, Rahlin, A., additional, Reichardt, C. L., additional, Riebel, D., additional, Riedel, B., additional, Rouble, M., additional, Ruhl, J. E., additional, Saliwanchik, B. R., additional, Sayre, J. T., additional, Schaffer, K. K., additional, Schiappucci, E., additional, Shirokoff, E., additional, Sievers, C., additional, Smecher, G., additional, Sobrin, J. A., additional, Springmann, A., additional, Stark, A. A., additional, Stephen, J., additional, Story, K. T., additional, Suzuki, A., additional, Tandoi, C., additional, Thompson, K. L., additional, Thorne, B., additional, Tucker, C., additional, Umilta, C., additional, Vale, L. R., additional, Veach, T., additional, Vieira, J. D., additional, Wang, G., additional, Whitehorn, N., additional, Wu, W. L. K., additional, Yefremenko, V., additional, Yoon, K. W., additional, and Young, M. R., additional

Published
2022
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19. The Design and Integrated Performance of SPT-3G

Author

Sobrin, J. A., primary, Anderson, A. J., additional, Bender, A. N., additional, Benson, B. A., additional, Dutcher, D., additional, Foster, A., additional, Goeckner-Wald, N., additional, Montgomery, J., additional, Nadolski, A., additional, Rahlin, A., additional, Ade, P. A. R., additional, Ahmed, Z., additional, Anderes, E., additional, Archipley, M., additional, Austermann, J. E., additional, Avva, J. S., additional, Aylor, K., additional, Balkenhol, L., additional, Barry, P. S., additional, Thakur, R. Basu, additional, Benabed, K., additional, Bianchini, F., additional, Bleem, L. E., additional, Bouchet, F. R., additional, Bryant, L., additional, Byrum, K., additional, Carlstrom, J. E., additional, Carter, F. W., additional, Cecil, T. W., additional, Chang, C. L., additional, Chaubal, P., additional, Chen, G., additional, Cho, H.-M., additional, Chou, T.-L., additional, Cliche, J.-F., additional, Crawford, T. M., additional, Cukierman, A., additional, Daley, C., additional, Haan, T. de, additional, Denison, E. V., additional, Dibert, K., additional, Ding, J., additional, Dobbs, M. A., additional, Everett, W., additional, Feng, C., additional, Ferguson, K. R., additional, Fu, J., additional, Galli, S., additional, Gambrel, A. E., additional, Gardner, R. W., additional, Gualtieri, R., additional, Guns, S., additional, Gupta, N., additional, Guyser, R., additional, Halverson, N. W., additional, Harke-Hosemann, A. H., additional, Harrington, N. L., additional, Henning, J. W., additional, Hilton, G. C., additional, Hivon, E., additional, Holder, G. P., additional, Holzapfel, W. L., additional, Hood, J. C., additional, Howe, D., additional, Huang, N., additional, Irwin, K. D., additional, Jeong, O. B., additional, Jonas, M., additional, Jones, A., additional, Khaire, T. S., additional, Knox, L., additional, Kofman, A. M., additional, Korman, M., additional, Kubik, D. L., additional, Kuhlmann, S., additional, Kuo, C.-L., additional, Lee, A. T., additional, Leitch, E. M., additional, Lowitz, A. E., additional, Lu, C., additional, Meyer, S. S., additional, Michalik, D., additional, Millea, M., additional, Natoli, T., additional, Nguyen, H., additional, Noble, G. I., additional, Novosad, V., additional, Omori, Y., additional, Padin, S., additional, Pan, Z., additional, Paschos, P., additional, Pearson, J., additional, Posada, C. M., additional, Prabhu, K., additional, Quan, W., additional, Reichardt, C. L., additional, Riebel, D., additional, Riedel, B., additional, Rouble, M., additional, Ruhl, J. E., additional, Saliwanchik, B., additional, Sayre, J. T., additional, Schiappucci, E., additional, Shirokoff, E., additional, Smecher, G., additional, Stark, A. A., additional, Stephen, J., additional, Story, K. T., additional, Suzuki, A., additional, Tandoi, C., additional, Thompson, K. L., additional, Thorne, B., additional, Tucker, C., additional, Umilta, C., additional, Vale, L. R., additional, Vanderlinde, K., additional, Vieira, J. D., additional, Wang, G., additional, Whitehorn, N., additional, Wu, W. L. K., additional, Yefremenko, V., additional, Yoon, K. W., additional, and Young, M. R., additional

Published
2022
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30. Detection of Galactic and Extragalactic Millimeter-wavelength Transient Sources with SPT-3G

Author

Guns, S., primary, Foster, A., additional, Daley, C., additional, Rahlin, A., additional, Whitehorn, N., additional, Ade, P. A. R., additional, Ahmed, Z., additional, Anderes, E., additional, Anderson, A. J., additional, Archipley, M., additional, Avva, J. S., additional, Aylor, K., additional, Balkenhol, L., additional, Barry, P. S., additional, Basu Thakur, R., additional, Benabed, K., additional, Bender, A. N., additional, Benson, B. A., additional, Bianchini, F., additional, Bleem, L. E., additional, Bouchet, F. R., additional, Bryant, L., additional, Byrum, K., additional, Carlstrom, J. E., additional, Carter, F. W., additional, Cecil, T. W., additional, Chang, C. L., additional, Chaubal, P., additional, Chen, G., additional, Cho, H.-M., additional, Chou, T.-L., additional, Cliche, J.-F., additional, Crawford, T. M., additional, Cukierman, A., additional, de Haan, T., additional, Denison, E. V., additional, Dibert, K., additional, Ding, J., additional, Dobbs, M. A., additional, Dutcher, D., additional, Everett, W., additional, Feng, C., additional, Ferguson, K. R., additional, Fu, J., additional, Galli, S., additional, Gambrel, A. E., additional, Gardner, R. W., additional, Goeckner-Wald, N., additional, Gualtieri, R., additional, Gupta, N., additional, Guyser, R., additional, Halverson, N. W., additional, Harke-Hosemann, A. H., additional, Harrington, N. L., additional, Henning, J. W., additional, Hilton, G. C., additional, Hivon, E., additional, Holder, G. P., additional, Holzapfel, W. L., additional, Hood, J. C., additional, Howe, D., additional, Huang, N., additional, Irwin, K. D., additional, Jeong, O. B., additional, Jonas, M., additional, Jones, A., additional, Khaire, T. S., additional, Knox, L., additional, Kofman, A. M., additional, Korman, M., additional, Kubik, D. L., additional, Kuhlmann, S., additional, Kuo, C.-L., additional, Lee, A. T., additional, Leitch, E. M., additional, Lowitz, A. E., additional, Lu, C., additional, Marrone, D. P., additional, Meyer, S. S., additional, Michalik, D., additional, Millea, M., additional, Montgomery, J., additional, Nadolski, A., additional, Natoli, T., additional, Nguyen, H., additional, Noble, G. I., additional, Novosad, V., additional, Omori, Y., additional, Padin, S., additional, Pan, Z., additional, Paschos, P., additional, Pearson, J., additional, Phadke, K. A., additional, Posada, C. M., additional, Prabhu, K., additional, Quan, W., additional, Reichardt, C. L., additional, Riebel, D., additional, Riedel, B., additional, Rouble, M., additional, Ruhl, J. E., additional, Sayre, J. T., additional, Schiappucci, E., additional, Shirokoff, E., additional, Smecher, G., additional, Sobrin, J. A., additional, Stark, A. A., additional, Stephen, J., additional, Story, K. T., additional, Suzuki, A., additional, Thompson, K. L., additional, Thorne, B., additional, Tucker, C., additional, Umilta, C., additional, Vale, L. R., additional, Vieira, J. D., additional, Wang, G., additional, Wu, W. L. K., additional, Yefremenko, V., additional, Yoon, K. W., additional, Young, M. R., additional, and Zhang, L., additional

Published
2021
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31. Broadband, millimeter-wave antireflection coatings for large-format, cryogenic aluminum oxide optics

Author

Nadolski, A., primary, Vieira, J. D., additional, Sobrin, J. A., additional, Kofman, A. M., additional, Ade, P. A. R., additional, Ahmed, Z., additional, Anderson, A. J., additional, Avva, J. S., additional, Basu Thakur, R., additional, Bender, A. N., additional, Benson, B. A., additional, Bryant, L., additional, Carlstrom, J. E., additional, Carter, F. W., additional, Cecil, T. W., additional, Chang, C. L., additional, Cheshire, J. R., additional, Chesmore, G. E., additional, Cliche, J. F., additional, Cukierman, A., additional, de Haan, T., additional, Dierickx, M., additional, Ding, J., additional, Dutcher, D., additional, Everett, W., additional, Farwick, J., additional, Ferguson, K. R., additional, Florez, L., additional, Foster, A., additional, Fu, J., additional, Gallicchio, J., additional, Gambrel, A. E., additional, Gardner, R. W., additional, Groh, J. C., additional, Guns, S., additional, Guyser, R., additional, Halverson, N. W., additional, Harke-Hosemann, A. H., additional, Harrington, N. L., additional, Harris, R. J., additional, Henning, J. W., additional, Holzapfel, W. L., additional, Howe, D., additional, Huang, N., additional, Irwin, K. D., additional, Jeong, O., additional, Jonas, M., additional, Jones, A., additional, Korman, M., additional, Kovac, J., additional, Kubik, D. L., additional, Kuhlmann, S., additional, Kuo, C.-L., additional, Lee, A. T., additional, Lowitz, A. E., additional, McMahon, J., additional, Meier, J., additional, Meyer, S. S., additional, Michalik, D., additional, Montgomery, J., additional, Natoli, T., additional, Nguyen, H., additional, Noble, G. I., additional, Novosad, V., additional, Padin, S., additional, Pan, Z., additional, Paschos, P., additional, Pearson, J., additional, Posada, C. M., additional, Quan, W., additional, Rahlin, A., additional, Riebel, D., additional, Ruhl, J. E., additional, Sayre, J. T., additional, Shirokoff, E., additional, Smecher, G., additional, Stark, A. A., additional, Stephen, J., additional, Story, K. T., additional, Suzuki, A., additional, Tandoi, C., additional, Thompson, K. L., additional, Tucker, C., additional, Vanderlinde, K., additional, Wang, G., additional, Whitehorn, N., additional, Yefremenko, V., additional, Yoon, K. W., additional, and Young, M. R., additional

Published
2020
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41. Optimization of Transition Edge Sensor Arrays for Cosmic Microwave Background Observations With the South Pole Telescope

Author

Ding, Junjia, primary, Ade, P. A. R., additional, Anderson, A. J., additional, Avva, J., additional, Ahmed, Z., additional, Arnold, K., additional, Austermann, J. E., additional, Bender, A. N., additional, Benson, B. A., additional, Bleem, L. E., additional, Byrum, K., additional, Carlstrom, J. E., additional, Carter, F. W., additional, Chang, C. L., additional, Cho, H. M., additional, Cliche, J. F., additional, Cukierman, A., additional, Czaplewski, D., additional, Divan, R., additional, de Haan, T., additional, Dobbs, M. A., additional, Dutcher, D., additional, Everett, W., additional, Gilbert, A., additional, Gannon, R., additional, Guyser, R., additional, Halverson, N. W., additional, Harrington, N. L., additional, Hattori, K., additional, Henning, J. W., additional, Hilton, G. C., additional, Holzapfel, W. L., additional, Hubmayr, J., additional, Huang, N., additional, Irwin, K. D., additional, Jeong, O., additional, Khaire, T., additional, Kubik, D., additional, Kuo, C. L., additional, Lee, A. T., additional, Leitch, E. M., additional, Meyer, S. S., additional, Miller, C. S., additional, Montgomery, J., additional, Nadolski, A., additional, Natoli, T., additional, Nguyen, H., additional, Novosad, V., additional, Padin, S., additional, Pan, Z., additional, Pearson, J., additional, Posada, C. M., additional, Rahlin, A., additional, Reichardt, C. L., additional, Ruhl, J. E., additional, Saliwanchik, B. R., additional, Sayre, J. T., additional, Shariff, J. A., additional, Shirley, I., additional, Shirokoff, E., additional, Smecher, G., additional, Sobrin, J., additional, Stan, L., additional, Stark, A. A., additional, Story, K., additional, Suzuki, A., additional, Tang, Q. Y., additional, Thakur, R. B., additional, Thompson, K. L., additional, Tucker, C., additional, Vanderlinde, K., additional, Vieira, J. D., additional, Wang, G., additional, Whitehorn, N., additional, Wu, W. L. K., additional, Yefremenko, V., additional, and Yoon, K. W., additional

Published
2017
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42. Book reviews

Author

Kortum, Gerhard, Ritchie, W., Rickard, D. T., Zaporozec, Alexander, Carter, H., Hofmeister, B., Mansfield Adams, William, Paslawski, Jacek, Winid, B., Bakhit, A. H., Kunkel, G., Hooson, David, Simms, A., Van Welsenes, Chr., Carter, F. W., Mitchel, N. C., Mellor, R. E. H., Borchert, Johan G., Fuller, Anthony M., Hansen, Viggo, Szulc, Halina, Schinz, Alfred, Turnock, David, Fullerton, Brian, and Reiner, Ernst

Published
1981
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44. Development and the environment : a case study of Hvar Island, Yugoslavia

Author

Carter, F. W.

Subjects
Hvar Island (Croatia) -- History, Demographic surveys -- Yugoslavia, Economic development -- Yugoslavia, Demography -- Yugoslavia, Environmental management -- Yugoslavia
Abstract

Increasing interest throughout the Mediterranean Basin in links between development planning and the environment are part of a much wider concern about the global impact of economic and social decisions on the future of our planet. There is a growing awareness of the need for greater attention to be paid to the natural environment within the context of development planning. Whilst the emphasis is on sustainable development, there has to be more appreciation of the fragile relationship between continued socio-economic growth and degradation of the natural environment. This has particular practical implications for the Mediterranean Basin, with its almost enclosed sea, where environmental degradation through air and water pollution provides serious debate for closer control of human activity within the region. Like the Black Sea, the Adriatic contains one of the 'water gates' into the eastern basin of the Mediterranean.1 Although much remains to be done to extend our knowledge of the Adriatic world, the main outlines of its structural, physical and human history are clearly known. In recent years it has become possible to prepare regional syntheses of its constituent parts, enabling the Blue Plan, launched in 1979, to move toward fulfilling its most important function, i.e. providing realistic scenarios for sustainable, integrated social and economic development of the whole Mediterranean Basin., N/A

Published
1990

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