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This paper presents a compact penta-band Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) Dielectric Resonator Antenna (DRA). The proposed MIMO DRA consists of two rectangular DRs incorporating complementary split ring resonators (CSRRs) and an inverted T-shaped slot. The MIMO DRA achieves low impedance matching through simple microstrip feedlines, which is further enhanced by integrating a microstrip line with the DRA itself. Remarkably, the introduction of CSRRs enables the design to resonate at five distinct frequency bands, namely 2.8-GHz, 4.4-GHz, 5.8-GHz, 6.4-GHz, and 6.9-GHz. The simulated properties of the MIMO DRA were validated through over-the-air measurements performed on a fabricated prototype. The proposed MIMO design demonstrates impedance bandwidths of 2.09 %, 2.43 %, 2.17 %, 2.55 %, and 4.91 % at the above respective resonance frequencies. The proposed design exhibits exceptional stability in radiation pattern, featuring a noteworthy peak gain of 6.08 dBi and an efficiency of 91.35 %. Notably, the incorporation of an inverted T-shaped slot effectively enhances isolation between the MIMO elements, achieving a maximum diversity gain of 10 dB and an envelope correlation coefficient of 0.005 over 20-dB isolation. A good agreement between the simulation and measured results is obtained, which underscores the suitability of the CSRR-based MIMO DRA for multiband wireless applications (blue tooth, radio astronomy, remote sensing, WIFI, satellite television and 6G), making it a very valuable contribution to the field.

This paper presents and reviews the main existing open specifications for PPP/PPP-RTK services, including satellite navigation providers (QZSS, Galileo, BeiDou, GLONASS) and other industrial or scientific initiatives (RTCM, SAPCORDA, 3GPP, IGS). To structure the comparison, we adapted PPP/PPPRTK services to the well-known OSI model and defined them according to their properties in the OSI communication layers. We show how the proposed formats relate to the current standards, mainly RTCM SSR and CSSR, and what their differences and similarities are in terms of transmitted corrections and bandwidth. We compare the efficiency of the existing formats in two scenarios: a global PPP scenario with multi-GNSS corrections, and a regional PPP-RTK scenario, also multi-GNSS and including ionospheric corrections. We propose an interoperable format that can be an extension to CSSR and allows efficient transmission of corrections for both global-scale MEO-based PPP as well as nationwide IGSO/GEO-based PPP-RTK. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microsatellite markers or Simple Sequence Repeats (SSRs) are gaining importance for molecular characterization of the virus as well as estimation of evolution patterns due to its high-polymorphic nature. The Avipoxvirus is the causative agent of pox-like lesions in more than 300 birds and one of the major diseases for the extinction of endangered avian species. Therefore, we conducted a genome-wide analysis to decipher the type, distribution pattern of 14 complete genomes derived from the Avipoxvirus genus. The in-silico screening deciphered the existence of 917–2632 SSRs per strain. In the case of compound SSRs (cSSRs), the value was obtained 44–255 per genome. Our analysis indicates that the di-nucleotide repeats (52.74%) are the most abundant, followed by the mononucleotides (34.79), trinucleotides (11.57%), tetranucleotides (0.64%), pentanucleotides (0.12%) and hexanucleotides (0.15%) repeats. The specific parameters like Relative Abundance (RA) and Relative Density (RD) of microsatellites ranged within 5.5–8.12 and 33.08–53.58 bp/kb. The analysis of RA and RD value of compound microsatellites resulted between 0.25–0.82 and 4.64–15.12 bp/kb. The analysis of motif composition of cSSR revealed that most of the compound microsatellites were made up of two microsatellites, with some unique duplicated pattern of the motif like, (TA)-x-(TA), (TCA)-x-(TCA), etc. and self-complementary motifs, such as (TA)-x-(AT). Finally, we validated forty sets of compound microsatellite markers through an in-vitro approach utilizing clinical specimens and mapping the sequencing products with the database through comparative genomics approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents and reviews the main existing open specifications for PPP/PPP‐RTK services, including satellite navigation providers (QZSS, Galileo, BeiDou, GLONASS) and other industrial or scientific initiatives (RTCM, SAPCORDA, 3GPP, IGS). To structure the comparison, we adapted PPP/PPP‐RTK services to the well‐known OSI model and defined them according to their properties in the OSI communication layers. We show how the proposed formats relate to the current standards, mainly RTCM SSR and CSSR, and what their differences and similarities are in terms of transmitted corrections and bandwidth. We compare the efficiency of the existing formats in two scenarios: a global PPP scenario with multi‐GNSS corrections, and a regional PPP‐RTK scenario, also multi‐GNSS and including ionospheric corrections. We propose an interoperable format that can be an extension to CSSR and allows efficient transmission of corrections for both global‐scale MEO‐based PPP as well as nationwide IGSO/GEO‐based PPP‐RTK. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Rationale and Objectives: Using a novel 129Xe polarizer with high throughput (1–2 L/hour) and high polarization (∼55%), our objective was to demonstrate and characterize human pulmonary applications at 0.2T. Specifically, we investigated the ability of 129Xe to measure the alveolar surface area per unit volume of gas, S A/V gas. Materials and Methods: Variable spin echo time (TE) gradient and radiofrequency (RF) echoes were used to obtain estimates of the lung''s contribution to both T 2* and T 2. Standard multislice ventilation images were obtained and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) determined. Whole-lung, time-dependent measurements of 129Xe diffusion from gas to septal tissue were obtained with a chemical shift saturation recovery (CSSR) method. Four healthy subjects were studied, and the Butler et al CSSR formalism (J Phys Condensed Matter 2002; 14:L297–L304) was used to calculate S A/V gas. A single-breath version of the xenon transfer contrast (SB-XTC) method was implemented and used to image 129Xe diffusion between alveolar gas and septal tissue. A direct comparison of CSSR and SB-XTC was performed. Results: T 2* = 135 ± 29 ms amd T 2 = 326.2 ± 9.5 ms. Maximum SNR = 36 for ventilation images from inhalation of 1L 86% 129Xe and voxel volume = 0.225 mL. CSSR analysis showed S A/V gas decreased with increasing lung volume in a manner very similar to that observed from histology measurements; however, the absolute value of S A/V gas was ∼40% smaller than histology values. SB-XTC images in different postures demonstrate gravitationally dependent values. Initial comparison of CSSR with XTC showed fairly good agreement with expected ratios. Conclusions: Hyperpolarized 129Xe human imaging and spectroscopy are very promising methods to provide functional information about the lung. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The purpose of this article is to analyse the contents and authors that have contributed with articles to the 50 issues of the ITF Coaching and Sport Science Review, the ITF Official Coaching and Sport Science Publication. Data is provided on total number of articles, authors, content structure and author origins as well as details on most prolific authors, contributor groups, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An in-silico analysis of simple sequence repeats (SSRs) in genomes of 32 species of potexviruses was performed wherein a total of 691 SSRs and 33 cSSRs were observed. Though SSRs were present in all the studied genomes their incident frequency ranged from 11 to 30 per genome. Further, 10 potexvirus genomes possessed no cSSRs when extracted at a dMAX of 10 and wherein present, the highest frequency was 3. SSR and cSSR incidence, relative density and relative abundance were non-significantly correlated with genome size and GC content suggesting an ongoing evolutionary and adaptive phase of the virus species. SSRs present primarily ranged from mono- to tri-nucleotide repeat motifs with a greatly skewed distribution across the coding and non-coding regions. Present work is an effort for the undergoing compilation and analysis of incidence, distribution and variation of the viral repeat sequences to understand their evolutionary and functional relevance., (Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

An in-silico analysis of simple sequence repeats (SSRs) in 30 species of tobamoviruses was done. SSRs (mono to hexa) were present with variant frequency across species. Compound microsatellites, primarily of variant motifs accounted for up to 11.43% of the SSRs. Motif duplications were observed for A, T, AT, and ACA repeats. (AG)-(TC) was the most prevalent SSR-couple. SSRs were differentially localized in the coding region with ~54% on the 128 kDa protein while 20.37% was exclusive to 186 kDa protein. Characterization of such variations is important for elucidating the origin, sequence variations, and structure of these widely used, but incompletely understood sequences., (© 2013.)