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The subject of this article is a hoard purchased by the Burdur Archaeology Museum in 2006. Although the exact situation and find spot of the coins are not known, it is stated as the village of Aziziye in the central district of the province of Burdur (Southwest Turkey). This hoard consists of a total of 111 bronze coins minted by the Pisidian city of Termessos Maior, either bearing the Zeus Solymos/Horse type (1 piece) or the Zeus Solymos/Horse protome type (110 pieces), with letters indicating the year of the Termessos Maior era in the Late Hellenistic Period. Although there are some suggestions regarding the dating of these bronze series of Termessos Maior - one of the important issues especially for Pisidian numismatics - the exact chronology remains to be clarified. The hoard consists of coins minted between year 1 (=A) and year 32 (B), with some years missing. In addition, the hoard includes new examples bearing the letters B (2nd year), I (10th year) and IT (19th year). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, leached graphite coin decorated with tungsten oxide nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes (leached tungsten oxide/carbon nanotubes-graphite coin) with high surface area and excellent mechanical strength is introduced as a novel and low-cost electrode in the supercapacitor application. The leached tungsten oxide/carbon nanotubes-graphite coin was easily fabricated via uniform addition of commercial Zinc-metal powder into the matrix of commercial graphite powder and carbon nanotubes powder, pressing under optimized pressure followed by treatment in H 2 SO 4 solution for leaching out of Zinc from carbon nanotubes-graphite matrix and finally electrodeposition of tungsten oxide nanoparticles onto the previously leached coin. The surface chemistry and structure features of the leached coin were investigated by FTIR, RAMAN, XRD, SEM, TEM, AFM and BET analysis. The leached tungsten oxide/carbon nanotubes-graphite coin had acceptable capacitive characteristic such as negligible ohmic drop and favorite specific capacitance of 3519 mF cm−2 at 2 mA cm−2 in aqueous 1.0 M H 2 SO 4 media. After assembling a symmetric supercapacitor coin-device including leached tungsten oxide/carbon nanotubes-graphite coin in a PVA/H 2 SO 4 gel, the coin-device shows a high specific capacitance of 283 mF cm−2 at the current density of 2.5 mA cm−2. [Display omitted] • Simple, inexpensive and scalable fabrication of leached graphite coin was reported. • Leached graphite coin was decorated by tungsten oxide nanoparticles and carbon nanotubes. • The modified coin showed negligible ohmic drop and favorite specific capacitance of 3519 mF cm−2 at 2 mA cm−2. • Symmetric supercapacitor coin-device showed high cell voltage of 2 V as well as a high specific capacitance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, 'contextual numismatics' is presented as the most recent and innovative research direction in the field of numismatics. In addition, its further potential for research and the limit of gaining knowledge are outlined. A historical overview of the gradual development of an archaeological-oriented approach to numismatic material serves as an introduction to the discussion. This is followed by a presentation of the distinguishing features compared to other research methods to study Roman coin finds, as well as a discussion of possible paths and goals in the further development of this approach to study these culturally significant objects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Humans have been shown to adapt their movements when a sudden or gradual change to the dynamics of the environment are introduced, a phenomenon called motor adaptation. If the change is reverted, the adaptation is also quickly reverted. Humans are also able to adapt to multiple changes in dynamics presented separately, and to be able to switch between adapted movements on the fly. Such switching relies on contextual information which is often noisy or misleading, affecting the switch between known adaptations. Recently, computational models for motor adaptation and context inference have been introduced, which contain components for context inference and Bayesian motor adaptation. These models were used to show the effects of context inference on learning rates across different experiments. We expanded on these works by using a simplified version of the recently-introduced COIN model to show that the effects of context inference on motor adaptation and control go even further than previously shown. Here, we used this model to simulate classical motor adaptation experiments from previous works and showed that context inference, and how it is affected by the presence and reliability of feedback, effect a host of behavioral phenomena that had so far required multiple hypothesized mechanisms, lacking a unified explanation. Concretely, we show that the reliability of direct contextual information, as well as noisy sensory feedback, typical of many experiments, effect measurable changes in switching-task behavior, as well as in action selection, that stem directly from probabilistic context inference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) are becoming an increasingly popular technology, used in a variety of fields such as medical, gaming, and lifestyle. This paper describes a 3D non-invasive BCI game that uses a Muse 2 EEG headband to acquire electroencephalogram (EEG) data and OpenViBE platform for processing the signals and classifying them into three different mental states: left and right motor imagery and eye blink. The game is developed to assess user adjustment and improvement in BCI environment after training. The classification algorithm used is Multi-Layer Perceptron (MLP), with 96.94% accuracy. A total of 33 subjects participated in the experiment and successfully controlled an avatar using mental commands to collect coins. The online metrics employed for this BCI system are the average game score, the average number of clusters and average user improvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2001, Rutgers University Libraries (RUL) accepted a substantial donation of Roman Republican coins. The work to catalog, house, digitize, describe, and present this collection online provided unique challenges for the institution. Coins are often seen as museum objects; however, they can serve pedagogical purposes within libraries. In the quest to innovate, RUL digitized coins from seven angles to provide a 180-degree view of coins. However, this strategy had its drawbacks; it had to be reassessed as the project continued. RUCore, RUL's digital repository, uses Metadata Object Description Schema (MODS). Accordingly, it was necessary to adapt numismatic description to bibliographic metadata standards.With generous funding from the Loeb Foundation, the resulting digital collection of 1200 coins was added to RUCore from 2012 to 2018. Rutgers's Badian Roman Coins Collection serves as an exemplar of numismatics in a library environment that is freely available to all on the Web. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zeytinliada is located 250 m offshore of Erdek District of Balikesir Province in the Sea of Marmara. The excavations on the island, known as Artake and Arteceon in Antiquity, started in 2006 and were completed in 2016. The Church of the Virgin Mary, located in the northeast of the island, was unearthed during the excavations carried out in 2006-2009. The church, dating to the Early Byzantine Period, has a basilica plan with 3 naves. In this study, 44 coins, among the small finds unearthed during the excavations in the church, were examined. Of the 44 coins found in the church, 36 were identified, and 8 could not be identified due to excessive deterioration. The coins described belong to the Roman, Byzantine and Ottoman Empire Periods. Coins were minted during the dynastic years of 10 different emperors. The coins found in the Virgin Mary Church in Zeytinliada belong to 4 different mints and are in 7 different units. The earliest dated coins belong to AD 276-282, and the latest dated 1861. The majority of the coins are Byzantine coins, which are contemporary with the church, with 32 coins. 16 Byzantine coins are dated to the Early Byzantine Period and 2 Middle Byzantine Period. The coins we examined provide important information about the dating of the building and the coin circulation of the period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the first archaeometric results on a selection of ancient Roman coins (antoniniani) from a treasure found in the Roman necropolis area of ancient Cumae (Southern Italy) during archaeological campaigns by the Centre Jean Bérard. A multi-analytical approach consisting of non-destructive techniques (stereomicroscopy, FESEM-EDS, pXRF, Raman, μ-CT) was implemented on the better-preserved coins of the treasure in order to investigate the chemical composition of the alloy. Chemical analysis showed that the Roman mint prepared the metal with an argentiferous lead–bronze alloy. A group of coins presents a low content of the precious metal, which is in agreement with the financial crisis of the Roman Empire of the third century. Another group of two coins shows a higher silver content, which is in agreement with their issue or with the Mediolanum mint standards. In addition, the external layers of corroded coins were analysed to explore the state of conservation of the patina and to identify the corrosion products. Some typical corrosion patinas due to post-depositional conditions were identified. The mineralogical characterisation of the corrosion products enables us to implement adequate conservation strategies, and the presence of more aggressive patinas suggests immediate interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When the British Mandate of Palestine ended in 1948, the fledgling State of Israel was immediately in need of circulation coins and banknotes. Attempts to strike coins in makeshift factories in Israel failed: the production rate was low, and the coin quality was poor. Coin production was therefore outsourced to the ICI Mint in Birmingham, U.K. Years later, a few pruta-series coins were found with the inscription SPECIMEN in raised letters. This brings the questions of how and why these coins came to be, how many exist, and how some of them ended up in the hands of collectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"The Yehud Coinage: A Study and Die Classification of the Provincial Silver Coinage of Judah" is a comprehensive study of the indigenous coinage of Judah during the Persian and early Hellenistic periods. The authors use archaeological evidence to explore the local economy, religious and social identity, government, settlement patterns, and conflicts in the region. The book provides a history of scholarship on Yehud coinage, a chronology of the coins, a die study, and an analysis of metrology. It also examines the interpretation of coin hoards and establishes relative and absolute chronologies based on iconography, paleography, die links, and hoards. The authors analyze the historical, iconographic, and technical aspects of the coins, offering new insights into their meaning. The book also explores the administration, location, and technology of the Yehud mint, as well as the economic role of the coins. Overall, "The Yehud Coinage" is a valuable resource for numismatists, archaeologists, and historians interested in the coinage of Judah. [Extracted from the article]

This article presents a Byzantine-period coin hoard found during the excavations at Ramat Raḥel, near Jerusalem. Based on its location and content, we believe that the hoard is a foundation deposit, buried very early in the fifth century CE. The function of the building in which it was found is discussed in light of this interpretation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a small bronze coin hoard found during recent salvage excavations at Tel Bet Shemesh (East). As of this writing, this hoard is unique in that its Hasmonean coins are all of the same general type: double cornucopias/inscription within wreath. In addition, its concealment date, during the reign of Alexander Yanai, probably before mid-80s BCE, is so far unknown from other hoards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the cities of Carian, the ancient City of Myndos, is one of the cities at the Aegean Sea and the Mediterranean crossing, which, as ancient authors often mention, is a major location due to its geographical location. As a result of the archaeological excavations carried out on Asar Island between 2009 and 2013, 15 coins were found and evaluated. The coins included in the study cover the period starting from the earliest finds until the acceptance of Christianity as the only legitimate religion of the empire in 391 AD. The earliest coin finds found on the island belong to the Mausolos Period. The city, which Mausolos rebuilt, was planned in accordance with Greek urbanism understanding, and the entire settlement area was enclosed within the walls. In addition, it is thought that the fortification structure surrounding the city and the Apollo Archegetes altar were built during the Mausolus Period. Coin finds dating before this period could not be identified. The increase in the welfare level of the city in the Hellenistic Period played an important role in the minting of coins. Among the coins that may belong to the Hellenistic Period, 1 Halikarnassos coin, 3 Myndos' own coin, and 1 Thessaloniki coin were identified. Among the coins of the Roman Period, 3 Great Constantine, 1 Constantine I, 5 II. Constantius, 1 Valens, and their coins are among the finds. Although the density of the coin finds is low, it represents a wide period from the Mausolus Period to the 4th century AD. Especially in coins II. Constantius coins show a little more density. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perceptions of current stimuli are sometimes biased toward or away from past perceptions. This phenomenon is called serial dependence. However, it remains unclear whether serial dependence originates from lower-order perceptual processing, higher-order perceptual processing or cognitive processing. We examined the effects of serial dependence when participants estimated the total number of coins or the monetary value of coins displayed and found attractive effects in both tasks. The attractive effect observed in the value estimation task suggests that serial dependence occurs through higher-order cognitive processes during calculation. We also examined the effect of response history (i.e., the responses of participants on previous trials), with multiple regression analyses that simultaneously evaluated the effects of the previous stimuli and responses. In both number and value estimation tasks, the immediately prior response had an attractive effect on current responses, while the immediately prior stimuli exerted a repulsive effect. This pattern suggests that the attractive serial dependence found in the single regression analysis was due to the correlation between stimulus and response in the previous trials and that the effect of past stimuli per se may be an adaptation that increases sensitivity to current stimuli. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 'Roman emperor' Sponsian is known only from an assemblage of coins allegedly found in Transylvania (Romania) in 1713. They are very unlike regular Roman coins in style and manufacture, with various enigmatic features including bungled legends and historically mixed motifs, and have long been dismissed as poorly made forgeries. Here we present non-destructive imaging and spectroscopic results that show features indicative of authenticity. Deep micro-abrasion patterns suggest extensive circulation-wear. Superficial patches of soil minerals bound by authigenic cement and overlain by oxidation products indicate a history of prolonged burial then exhumation. These observations force a re-evaluation of Sponsian as a historical personage. Combining evidence from the coins with the historical record, we suggest he was most likely an army commander in the isolated Roman Province of Dacia during the military crisis of the 260s CE, and that his crudely manufactured coins supported a functioning monetary economy that persisted locally for an appreciable period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents recent discoveries made by the French Archaeological Mission to the Eastern Desert of Egypt in two Ptolemaic forts occupied in the second half of the 3rd century b.c., Bir Samut and Abbad, located along the road leading from Edfu to Berenike on the Red Sea Coast at the southern fringes of the Ptolemaic Empire. These artifacts, three copper-alloy arrowheads marked with the monogram BE and four Ptolemaic coins minted in Joppa, were recovered in contexts securely dated to the last decades of the 3rd century b.c. Due to the sealed stratigraphy and the discovery of thousands of ostraca and dozens of coins in the same deposits, it is clear that the forts and these objects were abandoned on the eve of the Great Theban Revolt in Egypt, around 207–206 b.c. These discoveries offer an occasion to reassess the corpus of similar arrowheads and coins found in the Eastern Mediterranean. The catalog presented here includes 45 BE arrowheads and 18 Joppa coins and a careful reassessment of the corpus suggests that they were probably produced by the Ptolemaic regime in direct association with the Fourth Syrian War, which ended with the Battle of Raphia in 217 b.c. The geographic distribution of the arrowheads and coins discussed in the article demonstrates the mobility of the Ptolemaic troops after this intense period of conflict. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present research is focused on the 3-Polker coins issued during 1619–1627 by Sigismund III Vasa, King of Poland. A major financial crisis took place at that time due to the 30-year War, which started in 1619. There are two theories among historians concerning the silver depreciation of these coins. The most common theory (generally accepted without proof) is that the later years of issue are depreciated below 60% Ag. The second theory is based on the medieval sources that indicate inflation during the years from 1621–1625, but the medieval source only refers to the inflation of the type of coins and does not mention the issuer. Therefore, in this study, we use modern investigation techniques and materials science methods to help historians elucidate the aforementioned aspects regarding the medieval period. The XRD investigation results are in good agreement with the SEM-EDX elemental analysis. The coins from 1619 and 1620 have high silver content, namely, 86.97% and 92.49%, which corresponds to good silver. The amount of Ag found in the coins from 1621–1625 issituated in the range of 63.2–74.6%. The silver titleis suddenly restored in 1626 at about 84.3% and is kept in a good range until the end of this decree under Sigismund III in 1627. In conclusion, the second theory was partly validated by our experimental results, certifying the currency depreciation during 1621–1625, but the silver title was not lower than 54.2%. Notably, even this depreciated silver title assures a good quality of the 3-Polker coins compared to similar coins issued in other countries that were copper–silver-plated. Therefore, the 3-Polker coins were preferably hoarded at that time.Small alterations in the mint mark's design were observed in all the depreciated coins compared to the good ones. This might be a sign for an expert to identify the depreciated coins, a fact which requires supplementary investigations. The silver title's restoration in 1626 also came with a complete change of the mintmark. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on the premiere of "Treasure Chest II with Blue Boy," a collaboration between intarsia master Nicolai Medvedev and jewelry designer Susan Helmich, at the AGTA show.

The coins of the Ilkhanids, one of the biggest states in Iran and the Middle East, have an unlimited wealth in terms of coin variety among Islamic coins. In addition to the examples of Ilkhanid coins that have been published in the literature, new types and minting places that are unknown, unprecedented and not included in the collection records are emerging. Newly discovered period counterfeits and local mints provide us with new information about the course of events of the period, the characteristics of vassalage status, the borders of the countries and the reign of sultans. The extent to which the Ilkhanids controlled the local administrations and the regions under their rule is better understood with the new local coin samples that have emerged. The fact that the coins were minted with poor quality silver and copper alloys reveals that the local administrators or noyans-amirs cut the money needed for commercial vitality even though they did not understand the economy management. Significant differences were detected in both silver settings and copper qualities of the coins cut outside Tabriz. The poor craftsmanship, typographical errors and corrupted composition on the coins show that the governors-commanders had local masters cut these coins. In our research, it will be tried to bring different Anatolian imitations to the literature and to reveal the details of how the Ilkhanid coins were cut in the provinces with new examples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors’ aim is to discuss the finds of ancient and medieval coins noticed by the Father Franciszek Augustin in his chronicles of Żywiec and parish of Żywiec. In his chronicles Father Augustin mentioned some coin finds. These are a semis of Nero found in former Prussia at Sterławki Wielkie (commune Ryn, District of Giżycko), a large bronze of an unidentified Roman Emperor discovered in the vicinity of Kęty and medieval (?) coins found in the ruins of a stronghold on the Grojec Hill near Żywiec. The authors made an attempt to identify and reconstruct these finds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numismatists have long puzzled over the number of imitation Andrea Dandolo ducats that circulated in the eastern Mediterranean. The minting authority, location, and purpose of these coins has proved elusive. This study distinguishes between multiple types of imitation Andrea Dandolo ducats, focusing on Dandolo Types 1 and 2. A close examination of the coins themselves, including a punch analysis and gold content measurements, suggests multiple origins. This paper presents new theories about the source and circulation of these types of imitation coins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coins were used to maintain the commercial activities on a specific standard. They are significant written sources that enlighten the political, economic, and cultural life of the period they were produced. It is possible to find the coin collections belonging to different periods of Turkish history in museums. One of the important groups of these coins belongs to the Ottoman period. Although there are studies covering the periods of some Ottoman sultans by using advanced analysis techniques in the literature, no scientific study has been carried out covering all periods. The most extensive information that can be found about the coins is from the Ottoman archive and inventory records. In this study, twenty-six Ottoman Empire coins from Sakarya Museum dated between the 14th-19th centuries were evaluated stylistically, physically, and chemically. The non-destructive analysis of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) was employed to identify the elemental composition of the coins. The chemical analysis of coins showed the connection between the political situation in the Ottoman Empire and the decline in the value of the money. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The following paper suggests a new mint attribution for two Seleukid types (SC II/I: Nos. 2242, 2388), based on new material derived from archaeological excavations at the site of ancient Nysa-Skythopolis (Bet She'an). In addition, a new identification of a female figure on another Seleukid type (SC II/I: No. 2379) is suggested, and a note concerning the changing fortunes of the warring siblings Antiochos VIII and IX. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coins are commonly ingested foreign body (FB) in children, particularly the area just below the cricopharyngeus muscle, being the most common site of lodgement. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) of the upper airway as an investigation arm to guide and assist the clinical management of foreign body coin in children with expectant management for spontaneous passage. A total of 50 children with coin in upper oesophagus were chosen and POCUS was done in the preoperative area. Those in whom coin was visualised on POCUS were taken for retrieval under general anaesthesia and in whom coin was not visualised were taken for 2nd X-ray to confirm passage. In 50 children with a coin in upper oesophagus, point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) showed the presence of coin in 44 children (confirmed on esophagoscopy) and spontaneous passage in 6 children (confirmed on 2nd X-ray), thus resulting in the reduction of approximately 88% of 2nd check X-ray to demonstrate the position of coin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper intends to approach a study about the ongoing process of Romanization during the period of government of Tiberius by means of a provincial coin emission from Calagurris in the territory of the Vasconians. To achieve this objective we present an analysis of important elements shown on the coin: the imperial title on the obverse, the iconography and the two duoviri mentioned on the reverse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Akyurt Kalaba Tumulus, which is located in the Akyurt District of Ankara was excavated by the Museum of Anatolian Civilizations in 2012. During the excavation, a burial chamber, which contained the dromos, the anterior chamber and the main chamber, was discovered close to the center of the Tumulus. In addition, cremains were found in ostotheks within the cremation areas, and in an inhumation burial near the southeast slope of the Tumulus. Coins found in the graves show that the tumulus was used between the middle of the first century and the beginning of the third century. In this study, the unearthed human remains are examined and evaluated with other archaeological findings in the context of mortuary practices. It was found that there were the inhumation remains of three adults and an infant, as well as the cremains of an adult, in the burial chamber. While the cremains of an adult woman and a 9-10 year old child were identified in the ostotheks, it is understood that the inhumation grave belonged to an adult. The examination of the remains of cremation (i.e. discolorations and changes in the shape of the bones) has indicated that the corpses of the dead were cremated while flesh remained on the bones, and the pyre fire in the cremation areas reached temperatures above 700-900°C. The presence of a well-preserved burial chamber with its architectural elements, cremation areas with ostotheks, and also the presence of different burial practices, make Akyurt Kalaba Tumulus unique among its similar sites. In the study, the Tumulus was evaluated holistically by using bioarcheological and archaeological data, along more conclusive results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This investigation deals with the characterization of chemical composition, microstructural, and corrosion behavior of the Indian copper alloy coins belonging to the period of different British emperors (Edward VII, King George V & King George VI). Elemental analysis showed that coins were mainly made up of copper and tin, and other elements such as iron, zinc, nickel, and lead were present in traces. The reddish‐brown layer formed on all coins was identified as cuprite by XRD, and this layer provided protection to the coins. The microstructure consists of an equiaxed grain structure along with annealing twins, which indicate that coins were subjected to annealing heat treatment. The average grain size was measured using the linear intercept method, and the variation in the average grain size of the different coins may be due to the difference in the soaking temperature/time of annealing treatment. TEM study also confirms the formation of twins by showing the double spots in SAD. The higher value of hardness in the coin belonging to the Edward VII period may be attributed to higher tin and zinc content. The corrosion product of globular morphology was observed on the surface of coins. Optical microscopy of the cross‐section of the coins showed the intergranular corrosion phenomena. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is the publication of the plates compiled by N.N. Murzakevich, secretary of the Odessa Society for History and Antiquities. It contains tracings of 241 Classical coins and lists of coin finds from the island of Fidonisi (known as Leuke in antiquity), which had been excavated in the 1840s and early 1850s. Recent data have led to a doubling of the list of Greek centres (up to 202) and the rulers of a number of states and peoples, whose coins made their way to the island. Details of these finds and the dates of the emissions illustrate clearly the development and chronological framework of the religious and economic ties between the northern coast of Pontus with the various regions of the Classical oikumene. The geographical range of the coin finds (from Magna Graecia, Sicily and the Levant to the Aegean, the Balkans, the Pontic region and Asia and as far away as Mesopotamia) demonstrates that the sanctuary of Achilles on the island of Leuke situated at a meeting point of Black Sea trade routes, enjoyed enormous popularity in the Classical world. The publication of these plates compiled by N.N. Murzakevich makes available new information on the maritime trade in the Pontus area between the 5th century BC and the 5th century AD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This preliminary report is based on the archaeological investigations conducted by the Department of Archaeology, University of Peshawar, at the Hayatabad site for the third field season from February to May 2019. The Department of Archaeology has already executed field explorations and excavations at the same site in 2017 and 2018, whose reports have been published in this journal (Khan et al. 2019, 2020). These excavations brought into light structural remains and numerous archaeological finds like coins, terracotta figurines, stone and terracotta beads, stone tools, pottery and iron objects. The evidences reveals that the site under discussion had been occupied from the second century BCE to the end of second century CE. Accordingly, it was founded during the time of the Indo-Greeks and remained in occupation until the rule of the Great Kushans. The characteristic features of this site are the smith workshops systematically built in a sequence at different levels of occupation. In addition, a group of workshops within proper enclosures was found in a compound area bounded by massive walls. These workshops were equipped with working platforms, furnaces, fixed crucibles, grinding stones, stone anvils and large quenching pots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silver coins minted in the United States between 1837 and 1964 are comprised of 90% silver and 10% copper by law, but the presence of contamination with trace metals is likely. A collection of coins minted between 1841–1921 were analyzed for trace metal content using a handheld XRF device. A series of nine ten-cent coins were also analyzed using ICP-MS to relate the XRF response to metal ion concentrations. A linear correlation between lead concentration to XRF response allowed for quantitation of lead contamination. Greater amounts of lead were seen in coins minted prior to 1900 than in coins minted in the 20th century. In addition, two coins minted in 1854 were found contaminated with large amounts of either zinc or iron. The significance of these findings relative to silver sources and refining methods is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Like many wealthy citizens in the Dutch Golden Age, the Amsterdam civil servant Jacob de Wilde collected coins, gems, and small sculptures from Antiquity. Much has already been written about these collections, but De Wilde's book collection has been largely neglected. This article focuses on his library. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

All cases presented show a concentration of finds which permits us to imagine people using the liturgical space, attending mass, offering coins to collection boxes or placed on the altar or by/in a grave, with some coins likely deliberately inserted into spaces as permanent votives. Coins and the Church interior") shows how coins were present in medieval churches in many ways - as offerings, images (e.g. Magi) and theological writings (bread/host as coin; Christ as the true coin). The information provided is relevant from a numismatic point of view, since the numbers of coin finds from medieval churches in Northern Europe are greater than from any other site-types including from urban excavations (in part due to the fact that many churches here had wooden floors through which coins were more easily lost - or voluntarily inserted - between planks). [Extracted from the article]

A silver coin recently found by detectorists in the environs of Trilj can be attributed to Issa, a Greek city on the island of Vis, on cogent epigraphic, iconographic, and stylistic grounds. It is the first example of an Issaean silver coin on record and may be dated between 200 and 175 BC. The coin's weight (4.84 g) suggests that it could have circulated as a reduced Corcyraean didrachm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Illyrian king Mytilos is mentioned in Pompeius Trogus' Philippic History, while his name, accompanied by a royal title, also appears on coins. The coins in question are the earliest Dyrrhachian bronzes with the head of Heracles on the obverse and the hero's attributes and the inscription ΒΑΣΙΛΕΩΣ ΜΥΤΙΛΟΥ on the reverse. A total of five coins bearing the king's name are known, including the specimen in the Archaeological Museum in Zagreb. However, the results of the recent conservation-restoration and analytical research of the Zagreb coin have shown that it is actually a replica and not an original coin, as hitherto believed. A hypothesis postulating the Archaic date and attributing the KOPKYPAIΩN-issues to the Knidian colony on Korčula is analysed and dismissed in the appendix. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper offers a material culture-based approach to British Western Iron Age coins (i.e. those often attributed to the Dobunni). Through analysis of the materiality and imagery of these objects, the author explores the embodiment of later Iron Age cosmologies. In doing so, the cycles of day and night and of life and death are discussed. The ways in which these cosmologies could have been transposed onto the landscape through coin production and depositional contexts helps to demonstrate how Iron Age societies in Western Britain may have understood their world and confirmed their space within it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of one‐ and two‐cent coins minted in Peru from 1950 to 1965 has been analyzed by portable X‐ray fluorescence (pXRF), and the results have been calibrated by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). These coins were expected to be composed of zinc and copper (95:5 wt/wt), but results show that the copper content changes from year to year and usually tends to be smaller than the legally acceptable limits (below 3 wt%). The nondestructive X‐ray fluorescence analysis of the Cu/Zn ratio was calibrated with AAS. The pXRF results of 313 coins show a debasement over time with two minimums, one in 1954 (observed in both types of coins) and the second one in 1959 (present only in one‐cent coins), in agreement with adverse economic events in this time frame. This is the first time that Peruvian coin debasement is studied with this particular nondestructive technique and correlated with a series of economic events in the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The information provided by material investigations on ancient coins is interesting in many respects, as concerns the archaeological and historical research. In this study a set of Venetian sesino coins, minted over a period ranging from 1554 until 1605, have been investigated in order to shed light on some aspects of the so‐called mistura (mixture) alloy. The widespread diffusion of these relatively low‐value coins of the Venetian Republic, commonly used in commercial transactions in the second half of 16th century, also outside the territories of the Republic, makes them an important proxy to be used in the reconstruction of the political and historical events of the period. The specific issue of the actual composition of the mistura alloy is herewith addressed for the first time, using a combined approach based on X‐ray fluorescence and X‐ray diffraction nondestructively applied to the analysis of the samples. It turns out that the mistura alloy, traditionally regarded as a Cu‐Ag two phase alloy, over the latest period of circulation of the sesino coins, was actually made of copper only, still containing minor concentrations of lead, to be regarded as an impurity of the alloy and not as an intentional addition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Roman coins discovered in various points across the commune of Tăcuta (Vaslui County, Romania) are presented: Tăcuta-“Dealul Miclea” (a possible coin hoard, of which four denarii were recovered: 1 AR Traianus, 3 AR Marcus Aurelius (1 AR Faustina)); Focş;easca-“Pietrăria”(?) (1 AR Traianus, 1 AR Hadrianus) and Cujba (?) (2 AE Constantius II, 1 AE Valens). No information was available for the rest of the coins (1 AR sub., 1 AE Gordianus III, 1 AE Constantius II, 1 AE Valens). They are part of private collections (Şt. Ciudin), public collections (The “Ştefan cel Mare” Museum of Vaslui) or their traces were lost. The monetary items are correlated with the numerous archaeological vestiges of the “Poieneş;ti” or “Sântana de Mureş;-Chernyakhiv” type, known to have been found in this area. In addition, this work interprets the monetary finds of Tăcuta in the broader context of the presence of Roman coins in the “barbarian” territory east from the Carpathians, throughout the 2nd-4th centuries AD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

B I Multi-Material Additive Manufacturing for Advanced High-Tech Components i b is a new open Special Issue of I Materials i , which aims to publish original and review papers regarding new scientific and applied research and make great contributions to finding, exploring and understanding novel multi-material components via additive manufacturing. Also, A. Marques et al. [[2]] fabricated novel Inconel 718-copper parts by 3D multi-material laser powder bed fusion targeting rocket engines. Using advanced manufacturing technologies, such as laser powder bed fusion (adapted for manufacturing with different powders in 3D), different materials can be combined in a single component such as steel and copper, steel and titanium, Inconel and copper, Inconel and aluminum, titanium and cobalt, titanium and tantalum, titanium and zirconia, steel and silver, silver and gold, silver and copper, etc. [Extracted from the article]

A sample four-page section (50-53) serves as an illustration: it jumps from Byzantine iconography to dates on the Roman coins of Alexandria, then onward to the weight of Athenian silver coins and the fiduciary nature of ancient bronze coins, via the story of Jesus and the moneychangers, before ending up with Indian punch-marked coinage and Chinese cast coins. Frank L. Holt is best known for his work on the coinage of the Bactrian Kingdom and, given that very little can be said about Bactrian history except through the coins, can draw on plenty of experience of making "money talk." This quirky little book aims to promote a broader awareness of the role that coins can play (and have played) in the study of history. [Extracted from the article]