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Surface Electromyographic (sEMG) signals contain motor-related information and therefore can be used for human-machine interaction (HMI). Deep learning plays an important role in extracting motor-related information from sEMG signals. However, most studies prioritize model accuracy without sufficient consideration of model efficiency, including the model size, power consumption, and the computational speed of the model. This leads to impractical power consumption, heat dissipation levels and processing time in wearable computation scenarios. Here, we propose an efficient Transformer method that employs the EMSA (Efficient Multiple Self-Attention) and pruning mechanism to improve efficiency and accuracy concurrently, when estimating finger joint angles from sEMG signals. The proposed method does not only achieve state-of-the-art accuracy but can also be deployed on wearable devices to satisfy real-time applications. We applied the proposed model on the Ninapro DB2-dataset to estimate finger joint angles during grasping tasks. RNN series models, Convolution series models, and Transformer series models were used as reference models for comparison. In addition to common model accuracy, the deployment performance of the models was tested on microprocessors, such as Intel CPU i5, Apple M1, and Raspberry Pi 4B. When tested on 38 subjects of the Ninapro DB2, the proposed model resulted in a correlation coefficient of $0.82~\pm ~0.04$ , root mean squared error (RMSE) of $10.77~\pm ~1.48$ , and normalized RMSE of $0.11~\pm ~0.01$ , which were all similar to the results achieved by the state-of-the-art (SOTA) reference methods. Further, the computational time of the proposed methods was 65.99 ms on the Raspberry Pi 4B, which outperformed all the RNN series models and the Transformer series models. The model size and the power (the minimum size and power are 0.39 MB and 2.28 w) consumption of the proposed model also outperformed that of all reference Transformer methods. These experimental results indicate that our model can maintain the accuracy of the SOTA methods while significantly improving efficiency, thus being a promising approach for real-life applications in wearable devices.

Abstract To ensure the reliable transmission with increased spectral efficiency of the small information block, this article proposes the novel distributed generalized Reed‐Solomon coded differential spatial modulation (DGRSC‐DSM) scheme in the relay cooperation manner. Two different generalized Reed‐Solomon (GRS) codes with identical lengths are deployed at the source and relay, respectively, where the relay utilizes the subcode of the GRS code, which can construct an ultimate code having a unique algebraic structure at the destination. In addition, the Global search algorithm (Algorithm 1) is developed to obtain an optimal selection mode at the relay, resulting in the final code with an optimal code weight enumeration. Since the complexity of this algorithm is extremely high, the low‐complexity Parity‐position local search algorithm (Algorithm 2) is then proposed to get the suboptimal mode. Monte‐Carlo results indicate that there is a minimal disparity in performance between the two proposed algorithms that both effectively enhance the system performance. Moreover, based on the optimized final code and the special construction of GRS code, the novel Smart‐joint decoding algorithm is first presented at the destination which can fully exploit two‐way information data and further lower the bit error rate (BER) of the DGRSC‐DSM scheme. Also, the analytical union bound of the proposed scheme is formulated over the quasi‐static Rayleigh fading channel, which illustrates a tight fit at the high signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) regions.

Abstract Background The immunogenicity of allogeneic mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is significantly enhanced after transplantation or differentiation, and these cells can be recognized and cleared by recipient immune cells. Graft rejection has become a major obstacle to improving the therapeutic effect of allogeneic MSCs or, after their differentiation, transplantation in the treatment of diabetes and other diseases. Solving this problem is helpful for prolonging the time that cells play a role in the recipient body and for significantly improving the clinical therapeutic effect. Methods In this study, canine adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) were used as seed cells, and gene editing technology was used to knock out the B2M gene in these cells and cooperate with the overexpression of the PD-L1 gene. Gene-edited ADSCs (GeADSCs), whose biological characteristics and safety are not different from those of normal canine ADSCs, have been obtained. Results The immunogenicity of GeADSCs is reduced, the immune escape ability of GeADSCs is enhanced, and GeADSCs can remain in the body for a longer time. Using the optimized induction program, the efficiency of the differentiation of GeADSCs into new islet β-cells was increased, and the maturity of the new islet β-cells was increased. The immunogenicity of new islet β-cells decreased, and their immune escape ability was enhanced after the cells were transplanted into diabetic dogs (the graft site was prevascularized by the implantation of a scaffold to form a vascularized pouch). The number of infiltrating immune cells and the content of immune factors were decreased at the graft site. Conclusions New islet β-cell transplantation, which has low immunogenicity, can reverse diabetes in dogs, and the therapeutic effect of cell transplantation is significantly enhanced. This study provides a new method for prolonging the survival and functional time of cells in transplant recipients and significantly improving the clinical therapeutic effect.

Abstract Objective To evaluate the feasibility of intraoperative human papillomavirus (IOP-HPV) testing for the prediction of postoperative treatment failure in patients with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) undergoing loop electrosurgical excisional procedure (LEEP). Methods A total of 114 women diagnosed with HSIL by biopsy and/or endocervical curettage who underwent LEEP were included in a prospective cohort study. IOP-HPV testing was performed immediately after the procedure. Patients were followed up for 24 months. Logistic regression was used to analyse the factors influencing the residual or recurrent lesions. Further stratified analyses were performed to investigate the differences in prognosis of IOP-HPV positivity in patients of different age and menopausal status. Results 1. Of the 114 patients, 6 (5.26%) were pathologically upgraded to cervical cancer, and 21 (18.42%) were lost to follow-up. Recurrence or residual HSIL lesions occurred in 9.20% (8/87) of cases. Of the 8 women who developed post-treatment HSIL, 7 (26.92%) were positive for IOP-HPV, and only 1 (1.64%) was negative for IOP-HPV (

Abstract While defects are undesirable for the reliability of electronic devices, particularly in scaled microelectronics, they have proven beneficial in numerous quantum and energy-harvesting applications. However, their potential for new computational paradigms, such as neuromorphic and brain-inspired computing, remains largely untapped. In this study, we harness defects in aggressively scaled field-effect transistors based on two-dimensional semiconductors to accelerate a stochastic inference engine that offers remarkable noise resilience. We use atomistic imaging, density functional theory calculations, device modeling, and low-temperature transport experiments to offer comprehensive insight into point defects in WSe2 FETs and their impact on random telegraph noise. We then use random telegraph noise to construct a stochastic encoder and demonstrate enhanced inference accuracy for noise-inflicted medical-MNIST images compared to a deterministic encoder, utilizing a pre-trained spiking neural network. Our investigation underscores the importance of leveraging intrinsic point defects in 2D materials as opportunities for neuromorphic computing.

Lipids and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are essential contributors to meat flavor. However, no studies to date have comprehensively explored the lipids and VOCs in raw pork from Ningxiang (NX) pigs and their hybrid breed Berkshire × Ningxiang (BN) pigs. This study aimed to identify the lipids and VOCs and reveal the crucial lipids for characteristic flavor formation. Samples were collected from the longissimus dorsi muscle of six NX and BN 8-month-old pigs each. The intramuscular fat (IMF) content of NX pork was 5.43%, almost twice that of BN pork (p 1, p

ABSTRACT: Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) offers many advantages for the fast and sensitive detection of specific compounds, metal ions or pathogens in foods, motivating to its increasing utilization in food safety. SERS-tags, typically constructed using signal enhanced substrate, Raman reporter molecules, a biocompatible protective layer and a specific recognition element, provide a powerful tool for the analysis of food hazards. This article reviews recent progress in the development of SERS-tags for food safety assessment covering SERS-tags with characteristic peaks in the “fingerprint” region (800–1 800 cm–1) and the “biological-silent” region (1 800–2 800 cm–1). Following a brief description of SERS substrates, the design, synthesis and applications of SERS-tag are explored in detail. The application of SERS-tags technology for the detection of microorganisms, pesticides and antibiotics are then investigated. Finally, the prospects of using SERS-tag in real-world food safety analysis are critically discussed.

Abstract. Background:. Substantial progress in air pollution control has brought considerable health benefits in China, but little is known about the spatio-temporal trends of economic burden from air pollution. This study aimed to explore their spatio-temporal features of disease burden from air pollution in China to provide policy recommendations for efficiently reducing the air pollution and related disease burden in an era of a growing economy. Methods:. Using the Global Burden of Disease method and willingness to pay method, we estimated fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and/or ozone (O3) related premature mortality and its economic burden across China, and explored their spatio-temporal trends between 2005 and 2017. Results:. In 2017, we estimated that the premature mortality and economic burden related to the two pollutants were RMB 0.94 million (68.49 per 100,000) and 1170.31 billion yuan (1.41% of the national gross domestic product [GDP]), respectively. From 2005 to 2017, the total premature mortality was decreasing with the air quality improvement, but the economic burden was increasing along with the economic growth. And the economic growth has contributed more to the growth of economic costs than the economic burden decrease brought by the air quality improvement. The premature mortality and economic burden from O3 in the total loss from the two pollutants was substantially lower than that of PM2.5, but it was rapidly growing. The O3-contribution was highest in the Yangtze River Delta region, the Fen-Wei Plain region, and some western regions. The proportion of economic burden from PM2.5 and O3 to GDP significantly declined from 2005 to 2017 and showed a decreasing trend pattern from northeast to southwest. Conclusion:. The disease burden from O3 is lower than that of PM2.5, the O3-contribution has a significantly increasing trend with the growth of economy and O3 concentration.

Abstract Background Thyroid surgeries are intricate operations that carry the risk of damaging the parathyroid glands, which can result in hypocalcemia and potential long-term hypoparathyroidism. Innovative surgical techniques including Intraoperative Nanocarbon Staining (INS), aim to enhance the preservation of parathyroid glands. This study assesses the effectiveness of INS combined with parathyroid autotransplantation in reducing postoperative complications and preserving parathyroid function. Methods This retrospective cohort study assessed patients aged ≥ 18 who underwent thyroid surgery at a tertiary care hospital from January 2017 to December 2022. We compared the incidence of postoperative parathyroid injury, recovery rates of parathyroid function, and the incidence of permanent hypoparathyroidism between groups. Data on patient demographics, diagnosis, surgical details, parathyroid hormone levels, and calcium levels were collected and analyzed using chi-square tests, t-tests, and logistic regression. Results The study included 198 patients, with 101 in the intervention group and 97 in the control group. Baseline characteristics such as sex ratio, age, BMI, and preoperative calcium levels showed no significant differences between groups. The intervention group demonstrated a significantly shorter duration of intravenous calcium supplementation (median 2 vs. 3 days, p

Abstract This study addresses the challenges in the early diagnosis of deep infiltrating endometriosis (DIE) by exploring the potential role of the deubiquitinating enzyme USP14. By analyzing the GSE141549 dataset from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database, using bioinformatics methods and three machine learning algorithms (LASSO, Random Forest, and Support Vector Machine), the key feature gene USP14 was identified. The results indicated that USP14 is significantly upregulated in DIE and exhibits good predictive value (AUC = 0.786). Further analysis revealed the important role of USP14 in muscle function, cellular growth factor response, and maintenance of chromosome structure, and its close association with various immune cell functions. Immunohistochemical staining confirmed the high expression of USP14 in DIE tissues. This study provides a new molecular target for the early diagnosis of DIE, which holds significant clinical implications and potential application value.

Compared with the global average, the incidence rate of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in China is higher, particularly in the southern regions where the mortality rate has remained persistently high. Nimotuzumab, a targeted therapy that acts on the epidermal growth factor receptor, has prompted continuous progress in NPC treatment. The combination of nimotuzumab with traditional radiotherapy and chemotherapy can enhance treatment efficacy, reduce adverse reactions, and improve patients’ quality of life. This article summarizes current research findings from this perspective to provide diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for NPC treatment.

Abstract Background The prognostic significance of the hemoglobin-to-red blood cell distribution width (Hb/RDW) ratio in patients undergoing pacemaker implantation (PMI) remains uncertain. Our study aimed to explore the prospective relationship between the Hb/RDW ratio and the risk of major cardiovascular events (MCEs) in Chinese patients with PMI. Methods A total of 595 patients with permanent PMI were enrolled. Patients were divided into the high-Hb/RDW (≥ 9.1 g/L per percent) and the low-Hb/RDW (

Abstract Microvascular obstruction (MVO) is linked with adverse clinical outcome in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) patients, therefore, early prediction of MVO with non-invasive peripheral microcirculation is crucial in facilitating optimal treatment. Current study aims to analyze the significance of opisthenar microvessel area (OMA, measured using optical coherence tomography, OCT) in predicting coronary stenosis (Gensini score, GS) and short-term cardiac recovery of ACS patients and the results were compared to those of arterial stiffness parameters (Pulse Wave Velocity, PWV; Ankle-Brachial Index; ABI). Results showed that cardiac functional parameters (e.g. ejection fraction, EF; fractional shortening, FS) and OMA were higher in normal/low risk (GS 0–≤ 20, n = 69) compared to medium/high risk patients (GS > 20, n = 44, P

Abstract This investigation seeks to scrutinize the relationships between body composition metrics and the clinical outcomes observed in patients with cholangiocarcinoma (CCA). A comprehensive exploration was conducted across three prominent online databases: Embase, PubMed, and the Cochrane Library. This endeavor spanned the entirety of each database up to the cutoff date of September 29, 2023. To evaluate the quality of the included studies, the Newcastle-Ottawa scale was employed. This comprehensive analysis included a total of 26 articles with a combined patient cohort of 4398 individuals. The results demonstrated that CCA patients with low skeletal muscle index (SMI) had significantly inferior OS (HR: 1.93, p

Abstract The fundamental leucine zipper (bZIP) genes play a crucial role as transcriptional coactivators in plants. Pseudoroegneria libanotica served as the maternal contributor to several species within the tribe Triticeae (Poaceae), exhibiting commendable resilience to various stressors. Consequently, bZIP genes of Pseudoroegneria libanotica response to abiotic stresses was important for further understanding of stress tolerance studies in Triticeae. A total of 108 PsebZIPs were identified in this study, and they were divided into 10 subgroups. PsebZIPs were found to be extensively involved in the biological activities within P. libanotica. The RNA-seq results revealed differential responses of PsebZIPs to drought stress in both aerial and root tissues. PsebZIP44 and PsebZIP46 were regarded as potential genes capable of responding to abiotic stress, and their varying degrees of responsiveness to drought, salinity, heavy metals, heat, and oxidative stress have been demonstrated in yeast. Homologous proteins with intact bZIP gene structures of PsebZIP44 or PsebZIP46 have not been identified in wheat. The current investigation not only provides a fundamental basis for further probing into the biological functions of PsebZIPs within P. libanotica but also reveals previously undiscovered potential genes with the ability to respond to abiotic stress. They could contribute to improving the genetic constitution of Triticeae crops, including wheat.

Abstract Cochlear implants (CI) are one of the most successful treatments available to enable individuals with severe to profound hearing loss to regain access to the world of sound. This is accomplished through the electrical stimulation of the auditory nerve using electrodes implanted inside the cochlea. The use of subjective user feedback makes the process of fitting these devices much more challenging in cases where users are not able to actively or accurately report their experience (e.g. pediatrics), making an objective measurement that reflects the accuracy or effectiveness of a program quite attractive. We recorded one objective measure, the electrically-stimulated cortical auditory evoked potential (eCAEP), non-invasively using the CI in response to a simulated speech sound in seven adult participants and compared it to their eCAEP recorded using a scalp EEG set-up. The eCAEPs recorded with CI electrodes were comparable to scalp recorded eCAEPs (grand mean cross-correlation of r = 0.83, individual mean cross-correlations ranged from 0.13 to 0.70). Evoked potential peaks P1, N1 and P2 showed no significant latency difference based on if the eCAEP was recorded on the scalp or using the CI. The eCAEP waveforms recorded via the CI appear to converge in a distinct P1-N1-P2 waveform by as early as 130 sweeps. In conclusion, in this study we show the feasibility of recording the eCAEP directly through the CI system, which could potentially be used to guide CI fitting and track auditory cortex development in response to CI use.

Abstract Ecosystem gross primary productivity (GPP) is the largest carbon flux between the atmosphere and biosphere and is strongly influenced by soil moisture. However, the response and acclimation of GPP to soil moisture remain poorly understood, leading to large uncertainties in characterizing the impact of soil moisture on GPP in Earth system models. Here we analyze the GPP-soil moisture response curves at 143 sites from the global FLUXNET. We find that GPP at 108 sites exhibits hump-shaped response curves with increasing soil moisture, and an apparent optimum soil moisture ( $${{\rm{SM}}}^{{\rm{GPP}}}_{{\rm{opt}}}$$ SM opt GPP , at which GPP reaches the maximum) exists widely with large variability among sites and biomes around the globe. Variation in $${{\rm{SM}}}^{{\rm{GPP}}}_{{\rm{opt}}}$$ SM opt GPP is mostly explained by local water availability, with drier ecosystems having lower $${{\rm{SM}}}^{{\rm{GPP}}}_{{\rm{opt}}}$$ SM opt GPP than wetter ecosystems, reflecting the water acclimation of $${{\rm{SM}}}^{{\rm{GPP}}}_{{\rm{opt}}}$$ SM opt GPP . This acclimation is further supported by a field experiment that only manipulates water and keeps other factors constant, which shows a downward shift in $${{\rm{SM}}}^{{\rm{GPP}}}_{{\rm{opt}}}$$ SM opt GPP after long-term water deficit, and thus a lower soil water requirement to maximize GPP. These results provide compelling evidence for the widespread $${{\rm{SM}}}^{{\rm{GPP}}}_{{\rm{opt}}}$$ SM opt GPP and its acclimation, shedding new light on understanding and predicting carbon-climate feedbacks.

Abstract Background Renal fibrosis is a key process in the progression from acute kidney injury (AKI) to chronic kidney disease (CKD), while the intricate mechanisms of renal fibrosis remain obscure. While the signal-transducing adaptor protein 2 (STAP2) was well-studied for its notable function in inflammation and immune-related disorders, its specific implication in renal fibrosis remains unclear. This study assessed the mechanism by which STAP2 could promote the progression of renal fibrosis. Methods The expression level of STAP2 in fibrotic human samples, murine fibrosis models, and cellular fibrosis models was measured, respectively. Subsequently, immunoprecipitation (IP), mass spectrometry, and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) were employed to identify HSP27 as an interacting protein and the PI3K-AKT signaling pathway. STAP2 was thereafter knocked down or overexpressed in both in vivo and in vitro models to assess the expression levels of pathway-related and fibrosis-related proteins. Finally, the important role of STAP2 in the fibrosis process in animal models induced by ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) and cisplatin was validated. Results Functionally, in vivo assays demonstrated that the genetic knockout of STAP2 could remarkably mitigate epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), diminish inflammatory cell infiltration, and reduce collagen deposition in mice with renal fibrosis. Conversely, in vitro assays employing STAP2-overexpressing cell models exacerbated the expression levels of fibrosis markers. The outcomes uncovered a potential mechanism by which STAP2 could modulate renal fibrosis through its impact on the expression level of phosphorylated HSP27, as well as modulating the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway. Conclusions This comprehensive investigation delineated the noticeable function of STAP2 in the advancement of renal fibrosis, and the outcomes might contribute to the development of targeted therapies concentrated on STAP2 to mitigate renal fibrosis.

Abstract Liver fibrosis (LF) is a common sequela to diverse chronic liver injuries, leading to rising rates of cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). As the medicinal and edible homologous material, traditional teas have exhibited promising applications in the clinical management of liver fibrosis. Here, we generated a liver fibrosis mouse model to explore the potent therapeutic ability of Ampelopsis grossedentata (AG) tea on this condition by multi-omics analysis. The biochemistry results pointed towards mitigated increases of ALT, AST, TBIL, and ALP triggered by BDL in the AG-treated group. Examination using H&E and Sirius Red staining revealed severe liver injuries, inflammation infiltration, amplified fibrosed regions, and the creation of bile ducts, all of which were fallout from BDL. Immunohistochemistry findings also implicated a noteworthy upregulation of the HSC activation marker α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and the fibrosis marker collagen I in the BDL group. However, these symptoms demonstrated a significant improvement in the group treated with 100 mg/kg AG. Findings from the Western Blot test corroborated the prominent elevation of TNF-α, col1a1, α-SMA, and TGF-β, instigated by BDL, while AG treatment meaningfully modulated these proteins. Furthermore, our study underscored the potential involvement of several microbiota, such as Ruminococcaceae UCG-014, Eubacterium Ruminantium, Ruminococcus 1, Christensenellaceae R-7, Acetatifactor, Dubosiella, Parasutterella, Faecalibaculum, and Defluviitaleaceae UCG-011, in the progression of liver fibrosis and the therapeutic efficacy of AG. This investigation shows that during the process of AG ameliorating BDL-induced liver fibrosis, bile acid derivatives such as CDCA, TCDCA, 3-DHC, UCA, DCA, among others, play significant roles. In this study, we identified that several non-bile acid metabolites, such as Deltarasin, Thr-Ile-Arg, etc., are entailed in the process of AG improving liver fibrosis.

Abstract The expression of TRIM47, a member of the TRIM protein and E3 ubiquitin ligase families, is elevated in various cancers, such as non-small cell lung cancer and colorectal cancer, and is linked to poor prognosis. This study aimed to investigate the role of TRIM47 in gastric cancer development. Using The Cancer Genome Atlas-Stomach Adenocarcinoma (TCGA-STAD) dataset and analysis of 20 patient samples from our center, TRIM47 was found to be significantly up-regulated in gastric cancer tissues and associated with advanced N-stage and poor prognosis. We constructed stable TRIM47 knockdown and overexpressing gastric cancer cell lines. CCK8, EDU, colony formation, wound healing, and Transwell tests were used to evaluate the effects on cell proliferation, invasion, and migration. The results showed that TRIM47 knockdown inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells, while TRIM47 overexpression promoted these behaviors. These results were further confirmed in vivo. In the mechanism part, we found that TRIM47 interacts with CYLD protein. Moreover, TRIM47 promotes K48-linked ubiquitination, leading to the degradation of CYLD by the proteasome, thereby activating the NF-κB pathway and regulating the biological behavior of gastric cancer cells. Taken together, our study demonstrated that TRIM47 is involved in the proliferation and metastasis of gastric cancer through the CYLD/NF-κB pathway.

Abstract The catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA)-based miRNA detection methods have garnered significant attention due to their simplicity and acceptable amplification efficiency. However, these methods necessitate improved sensitivity. In this work, we present a colorimetric and ultrasensitive approach for the detection of cancer-related miRNAs which is initiated by CHA-mediated nicking endonuclease-assisted signals recycling. The target initiates the CHA process to expose the functional section in the P2 probe. This section can activate cascaded recycling cycles to produce numerous linker sequences by Nt.AlwI endonuclease-assisted cleavage of two hairpin signal probes. The 3,3’,5,5’-tetramethylbenzidine sulfate (TMB)/H2O2-based color reaction is induced by the fixation of the cDNA-HRP on the surface of magnetic beads, which is mediated by the linker sequence. The proposed method demonstrates a sensitivity that is either comparable to or superior to that of previous colorimetric miRNA detection methods, as a result of this design. Furthermore, the method demonstrated a promising potential for clinical applications and a high selectivity to target miRNA. Consequently, it provides a colorimetric assay that is both ultrasensitive and dependable for the visual detection of miRNA, which has the potential to revolutionize the early diagnosis of cancer.

Abstract Many plants associate with endophytic microbes that improve root phosphorus (P) uptake. Understanding the interactions between roots and endophytes can enable efforts to improve P utilization. Here, we characterize the interactions between lateral roots of endophytes in a core collection of 50 rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) genotypes with differing sensitivities to low P conditions. With the correlation analysis result between bacterial abundance and plant physiological indices of rapeseeds, and inoculation experiments on plates and soil, we identify one Flavobacterium strain (C2) that significantly alleviates the P deficiency phenotype of rapeseeds. The underlying mechanisms are explored by performing the weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA), and conducting genome-wide association studies (GWAS) using Flavobacterium abundance as a quantitative trait. Under P-limited conditions, C2 regulates fatty acid and lipid metabolic pathways. For example, C2 improves metabolism of linoleic acid, which mediates root suberin biosynthesis, and enhances P uptake efficiency. In addition, C2 suppresses root jasmonic acid biosynthesis, which depends on α-linolenic acid metabolism, improving C2 colonization and activating P uptake. This study demonstrates that adjusting the endophyte composition can modulate P uptake in B. napus plants, providing a basis for developing agricultural microbial agents.

Gibberellins (GAs) are a class of plant hormones that can affect plant growth and development. GA-oxidases are rate-limiting enzymes, which play a direct role in GA accumulation in plants. However, the roles of GA-oxidase on carrot (Daucus carota L.) taproot development are still unclear. In this study, two GA-oxidase genes, DcGA20ox2 and DcGA2ox1, were identified in carrot. Transgenic carrot plants were obtained by using Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation method. The results showed that overexpression of DcGA20ox2 significantly promoted the accumulation of active GAs in carrot, increased plant height, generated more branches, and enhanced xylem development. Overexpression of DcGA2ox1 significantly reduced the total contents of active GAs compared with the control group, resulting in a dwarf phenotype and markedly increased lignin content of the transgenic carrot. The expression profiling showed that the genes of GA metabolic pathway responded to the negative feedback regulation mechanism. At the same time, the expression of most genes in lignin biosynthesis and polymerization process was up-regulated, corresponding to the massive accumulation of lignin. These findings indicated that DcGA20ox2 and DcGA2ox1 affected carrot growth and development by regulating the levels of endogenous GAs. The results from current work might shed light on further studies aimed to regulate lignification in carrot and other crops.

Human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells (hUCB-MNCs) are a population of cells derived from neonatal cord blood, encompassing various stem cells and immune cells. The unique characteristics of hUCB-MNCs endow them with distinctive multifunctionality, including the promotion of angiogenesis, acceleration of tissue repair, regulation of immune responses, neuroprotection, alleviation of inflammatory reactions, enhancement of antioxidant capacity, reduction of fibrosis processes, and inhibition of apoptosis. These diverse biological properties underscore the significant clinical therapeutic potential of hUCB-MNCs, which are widely applied in the treatment of various diseases. This review aims to summarize the underlying mechanisms responsible for the multifunctional attributes of hUCB-MNCs, elucidating their potential modes of action in disease management and providing novel theoretical insights and practical guidance for their expanded application across different disease domains. By synthesizing current research findings, this review may provide insights into the potential clinical applications of hUCB-MNCs in the fields of regenerative medicine and cell therapy.

Spinal cord injury necessitates effective rehabilitation strategies, with exercise therapies showing promise in promoting recovery. This study investigated the impact of rehabilitation exercise on functional recovery and morphological changes following thoracic contusive spinal cord injury. After a 7-day recovery period after spinal cord injury, mice were assigned to either a trained group (10 weeks of voluntary running wheel or forced treadmill exercise) or an untrained group. Bi-weekly assessments revealed that the exercise-trained group, particularly the voluntary wheel exercise subgroup, displayed significantly improved locomotor recovery, more plasticity of dopaminergic and serotonin modulation compared with the untrained group. Additionally, exercise interventions led to gait pattern restoration and enhanced transcranial magnetic motor-evoked potentials. Despite consistent injury areas across groups, exercise training promoted terminal innervation of descending axons. In summary, voluntary wheel exercise shows promise for enhancing outcomes after thoracic contusive spinal cord injury, emphasizing the role of exercise modality in promoting recovery and morphological changes in spinal cord injuries. Our findings will influence future strategies for rehabilitation exercises, restoring functional movement after spinal cord injury.

ObjectiveIt is vital to detect and track ships during coastal monitoring and ship navigation over long distances in complex circumstances. However, due to their small size and unclear features, they can be readily confused with shorelines, noise, and rocks, making them sometimes difficult to spot immediately. To address this issue, a novel ship detection method called ShipDet is proposed which significantly improves performance through the design of a dedicated backbone network, improved feature extraction process, and constrained microscopic detection heads. MethodFirst, this method constructs a feature fusion and extraction network that is highly sensitive to small objects by integrating the Swin Transformer module (STR) with the classic CSPDarknet53 network. This enhances the correlation between small target features and the environment, establishing associations between ships and waterways, ships and other ships, and ships and coastlines, while suppressing irrelevant information. Subsequently, considering the uneven distribution and minor scale variations of ship targets in the dataset, two detection layers are retained to reduce model parameters and further enhance model performance. Moreover, the method employs the SCYLLA-IoU (SIoU) loss function to constrain the detection heads, thereby reducing regression freedom and improving detection accuracy and robustness. ResultsTo validate the proposed method, a dataset called 2023ships is established which consists of up to 9 000 samples covering various scenarios such as inland rivers, coastal areas, daytime, nighttime, and foggy weather. During testing, the proposed method demonstrates superior overall ship detection performance compared to other algorithms, with a mAP of 92.9%, a precision rate of 92.1%, and a parameter size of 35 366 310. ConclusionThe proposed method can greatly benefit the fields of maritime monitoring and intelligent navigation.

Abstract The design of the microelectromechanical system (MEMS) disc resonator gyroscope (DRG) structural topology is crucial for its physical properties and performance. However, creating novel high-performance MEMS DRGs has long been viewed as a formidable challenge owing to their enormous design space, the complexity of microscale physical effects, and time-consuming finite element analysis (FEA). Here, we introduce a new machine learning-driven approach to discover high-performance DRG topologies. We represent the DRG topology as pixelated binary matrices and formulate the design task as a path-planning problem. This path-planning problem is solved via deep reinforcement learning (DRL). In addition, we develop a convolutional neural network-based surrogate model to replace the expensive FEA to provide reward signals for DRL training. Benefiting from the computational efficiency of neural networks, our approach achieves a significant acceleration ratio of 4.03 × 105 compared with FEA, reducing each DRL training run to only 426.5 s. Through 8000 training runs, we discovered 7120 novel structural topologies that achieve navigation-grade precision. Many of these surpass traditional designs in performance by several orders of magnitude, revealing innovative solutions previously unconceived by humans.

Abstract Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with glutamatergic neuron hyperactivation in the basolateral amygdala (BLA) brain area, while GABAergic interneurons in the BLA modulate glutamatergic neuron excitability. Studies have shown that propofol exerts its effects through potentiation of the inhibitory neurotransmitter γ-aminobutyric acid. The neuronal mechanism by which propofol anesthesia modulates fear memory is currently unknown. Here, we used optogenetics and chemogenetics to suppress glutamatergic neurons or activate GABAergic interneurons in the BLA to assess alterations in neuronal excitation-inhibition balance and investigate fear memory. The excitability of glutamatergic neurons in the BLA was significantly reduced by the suppression of glutamatergic neurons or activation of GABAergic interneurons, while propofol-mediated enhancement of fear memory was attenuated. We suggest that propofol anesthesia could reduce the excitability of GABAergic neurons through activation of GABAA receptors, subsequently increasing the excitability of glutamatergic neurons in the mice BLA; the effect of propofol on enhancing mice fear memory might be mediated by strengthening glutamatergic neuronal excitability and decreasing the excitability of GABAergic neurons in the BLA; neuronal excitation-inhibition imbalance in the BLA might be important in mediating the enhancement of fear memory induced by propofol.

Abstract Background The effectiveness and adverse effects of coenzyme Q10 for heart failure remain unclear owing to small sample sizes and variations in the quality of existing studies in literature. Methods The databases of EMBASE, PubMed, Web of Science, CINAHL databases, Scopus, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, VIP, Wanfang, and CNKI were searched for randomized controlled trials on the coenzyme Q10-assisted treatment of heart failure. Relevant literature was retrieved, data were extracted, and the risk of bias of the included studies was evaluated by two investigators independently using the Review Manager 5.4 software and the STATA 15 software. Results In total, 33 studies were included in this meta-analysis, which showed that all-cause mortality [RR = 0.64, 95% CI (0.48, 0.85), P = 0.002; GRADE: moderate quality], hospitalization for heart failure [RR = 0.50, 95% CI (0.37, 0.67), P

In order to clarify the pre-exist immunity background of different human coronaviruses (HCoV), this study investigated the positive rate of spike (S) protein antibodies of HCoV, including HCoV- severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) −associated coronavirus (SARS-CoV-1), severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), HCoV-229E, HCoV-NL63, HCoV-HKU1 and HCoV-OC43, before and after the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) outbreak. We utilized pseudotyped virus-based neutralization assays (PBNA) or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA) to detect antibody levels against HCoV in serum samples collected in 2009–2010 and 2023. The PBNA results showed that neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-1 and the MERS-CoV were negative. In the serum samples from 2009 to 2010, neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 (D614G) were negative, whereas in the serum samples from 2023, 73 samples (73 %) showed neutralizing reactions with the SARS-CoV-2 D614G strain, 96 samples (96 %) with the BA.5 strain, and 91 samples (91 %) with the BF.7 strain. Among pre-COVID-19 samples, 33 % (33/100) showed neutralizing reactions with HCoV-229E and 63 % (63/100) with HCoV-NL63. Among post-COVID-19 samples, 50 % (50/100) showed neutralizing reactions with HCoV-229E and 49 % (49/100) with HCoV-NL63. Due to the different receptors of alpha coronavirus genus compared to other beta coronavirus genus, neutralizing antibodies against HCoV-OC43 and HCoV-HKU1 virus cannot be detected by constructing corresponding pseudotyped virus. Binding antibodies against HCoV-OC43 and HCoV-HKU1 virus were detected using ELISA. The results revealed that among pre-COVID-19 samples, 83 % (83/100) and 45 % (45/100) had binding activity with HCoV-OC43 and HCoV-HKU1, respectively. Among post-COVID-19 samples, 100 % (100/100) and 81 % (81/100) had binding activity with HCoV-OC43 and HCoV-HKU1, respectively.

Abstract Background Thymoma is a primary tumor of the thymus, commonly located in the anterior mediastinum. Most thymomas are benign or low‐grade malignant, but they can invade surrounding organs or metastasize. The primary treatment for thymoma is surgical resection. Traditional methods involve open thoracotomy, but it is traumatic, with slow recovery and many complications. In recent years, with the development of thoracoscopic techniques, thoracoscopic total thymectomy has gradually become the preferred method for small size thymomas due to its minimally invasive, safe, and effective. Methods This paper introduces a thoracoscopic extend thymectomy technique, the subxiphoid video–assisted thoracoscopic extend thymectomy with sternal suspension. This method involves placing hooks at the upper and lower ends of the sternum to suspend the sternum upward, increasing the thoracic cavity space and facilitating thoracoscopic operations. This research reviews the clinical data of 59 patients with early‐stage thymomas treated with this technique at our center since 2020 and analyzes the perioperative therapeutic efficacy and safety. It also compares the outcomes with those of 17 patients who underwent thoracoscopic approaches. Results The results show that subxiphoid video–assisted thoracoscopic total thymectomy with sternal suspension is an innovative and effective surgical method, achieving the same tumor eradication as other thoracic surgeries. The flexible switching of observation ports provides a more comprehensive surgical field, reduces surgical trauma and complications, and improves the surgical outcomes and quality of life for patients.

Abstract Electrocatalytic C-N coupling from carbon dioxide and nitrate provides a sustainable alternative to the conventional energy-intensive urea synthetic protocol, enabling wastes upgrading and value-added products synthesis. The design of efficient and stable electrocatalysts is vital to promote the development of electrocatalytic urea synthesis. In this work, copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) is adopted as a modeling catalyst toward urea synthesis owing to its accurate and adjustable active configurations. Combining experimental and theoretical studies, it can be observed that the intramolecular Cu-N coordination can be strengthened with optimization in electronic structure by amino substitution (CuPc-Amino) and the electrochemically induced demetallation is efficiently suppressed, serving as the origination of its excellent activity and stability. Compared to that of CuPc (the maximum urea yield rate of 39.9 ± 1.9 mmol h−1 g−1 with 67.4% of decay in 10 test cycles), a high rate of 103.1 ± 5.3 mmol h−1 g−1 and remarkable catalytic durability have been achieved on CuPc-Amino. Isotope-labelling operando electrochemical spectroscopy measurements are performed to disclose reaction mechanisms and validate the C-N coupling processes. This work proposes a unique scheme for the rational design of molecular electrocatalysts for urea synthesis.

Objective The study aims to explore the technical methods for safe and effective construction of shallow-buried concealed rectangular large-section tunnels in urban soft soil stratum, so as to achieve safety control of the construction process. Method Taking a subway section tunnel project as example, the 4-guiding hole excavation and the 6-guiding hole with middle-guiding hole leading excavation two schemes are proposed. A three-dimensional numerical simulation model is established using finite difference software, to simulate the tunnel construction process and analyze the vertical displacement of the stratum and the changes in the initial support internal force during the tunnel construction process in detail. By analyzing and comparing with the on-site monitoring data, the rationality and effectiveness of the proposed scheme are verified. Result & Conclusion During the guiding hole excavation phase, the vertical stratum displacement at the top and bottom of the tunnel is most significant, and the excavation of the adjacent guiding hole has limited influence on the displacement. Using the 6-guiding hole excavation scheme, the maximum displacement value at the bottom is significantly reduced by 21.5% compared with the 4-guiding hole excavation scheme. At the same time, the vertical displacement rate at the bottom is also reduced by 6.1% during the construction process. In particular, during the construction of the middle guiding hole, the change rate of the vertical stratum displacement is about 1.2 times of that of the side guiding hole, indicating that the middle guiding hole has a more significant impact on the stratum. The 6-guiding hole excavation scheme is more effective in controlling stratum deformation and structural stress during construction, especially during the construction stage of the middle guiding hole, thus requiring special attention and strengthened monitoring and support measures.

Abstract The prolonged war in Ukraine is having a strong impact on all sectors of the Ukrainian society, including biomedical research. Although the material and psychological conditions are challenging, the country and its researchers are courageously managing to continue their activities. This perspective paper describes the multiple challenges faced by Ukrainian biomedical researchers during wartime and outlines strategies to support and enhance collaboration with the global scientific community. Ukraine has a rich scientific history and modern expertise in biomedical research, and developing more international collaborations with Ukraine can have mutual benefits for all involved parties.

Abstract In a context characterized by the dual issues of educational inequality and problems with fertility, the internal relationship between these two factors requires further in-depth exploration. On the basis of data drawn from the China Family Panel Studies (CFPS) from 2010 to 2018, this paper investigates whether “super high schools” in cities represent a form of educational inequality, uses a combination of a two-way fixed effect model with the instrumental variable method to discuss the influence of this situation on family fertility and the corresponding transmission mechanism, develops a proportional risk regression model, and expands our understanding of the influence of educational inequality on the second-child birth interval. This study reveals that educational inequality significantly suppresses the number of family births and that the paths of action associated with this effect include both the explicit and implicit costs of education. The inhibitory effect of educational inequality on the number of family births varies according to urban grade, urban or rural classification, and the education levels attained by women. In addition to decreasing the number of family births, educational inequality increases the second-child birth interval. This paper not only enriches related research on family multichild behavior but also provides an educational reference for attempts to address the issue of continuously low fertility rates in China and establish a connection between population and educational economics.

Brown millet and millet bran are rich in nutrients. After stabilization treatment, they are easy to store and transport. However, it is difficult for them to be accepted as food ingredients by consumers due to their poor texture and taste. Micronization can alter chemical and functional properties of materials, potentially improving quality of brown millet and millet bran, as well as their taste. This study investigated the effects of micronization on morphology attributes (particle size distribution, microstructure and color), functional attributes (oil binding capacity, water binding capacity, water solubility index, swelling capacity and bulk density), and digestion and release of free polyphenols and flavonoids in fresh and radio frequency (RF) stabilized brown millet and millet bran. The results showed that micronization treatment effectively reduced particle size of the samples, increased particle surface area, significantly improved powder color, and affected their microstructure. Micronization treatment also increased bulk density of brown millet and millet bran. When the particle size was reduced to pass through a 150-mesh sieve, the bulk density of fresh and RF stabilized brown millet and millet bran increased by 13.68%, 38.77% and 22.50%, 25.33%, respectively. Micronization reduced oil binding capacity and water binding capacity of the samples, and both indicators continuously decreased with the decline of particle size. Micronization also improved the release of antioxidant substances (free polyphenols and free flavonoids) from brown millet and millet bran. When digestion for 120 min, the release of free flavonoids in intestine of 150-mesh fresh brown millet powder increased by 70.89% compared with 50-mesh powder, and the release of free polyphenols in stomach increased by 12.22%. This study indicates that micronization can improve functional and nutritional attributes of brown millet and millet bran, offering valuable reference and guidance for the development of micronized raw materials from brown millet and millet bran.

This article explores the synchronization, stability and motion characteristics of the generalized dynamical model with two rigid frames (RFs) driven by two groups (even number) of coaxial rotating exciters. In light of this system’s generalized coordinates, we use Lagrange’s equations to derive the generalized differential equation of motion. The responses of absolute and relative motion of the generalized system are obtained using the transfer function method. The synchronization and stability criteria of multiple exciters are derived using the average method and Hamilton’s theory, respectively. Taking a dynamical model driven by two pairs of exciters as an example, the localized studies of generalized results are carried out. The stable synchronous solutions for phase differences and excitation frequency, the stability ability coefficient curves and the response curves are graphically presented considering the effect of two crucial dimensionless parameters on the stable synchronous states. The simulation results of the specific system are obtained using the fourth-order Runge-Kutta algorithms and compared with the numerical qualitative analysis results to reveal the high consistency between them and clarify the used methods’ effectiveness. The strength of this work stems from its use in the field of high power and large scale self-synchronization vibrating machines.

Frozen shoulder (FS) manifests as progressively worsening pain and a reduction in shoulder range of motion (ROM). Salvianolic acid B (SaB) is recently expected to be used in the treatment of fibrosis diseases including FS. We firstly demonstrate that SaB can effectively hinder the progression of oxidative stress, inflammation, and pathological fibrosis within the synovial tissue in FS, potentially leading to the reduction or reversal of capsule fibrosis and joint stiffness. For further clinical application, we design and synthesize a novel, superior, antioxidant and antibacterial CSMA-PBA/OD-DA (CPDA) hydrogel for the delivery of SaB. In vitro experiments demonstrate that the CPDA hydrogel exhibits excellent biocompatibility and rheological properties, rendering it suitable for intra-articular injections. Upon injection into the contracted joint cavity of FS model rat, the SaB-CPDA hydrogel accelerate the recovery of ROM and exhibit superior anti-fibrosis effect, presenting the promise for the treatment of FS in vivo.

Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the influence of ward noise management on the mental health and hip joint function of elderly patients post-total hip arthroplasty. Methods: The retrospective analysis involved the medical records of 160 elderly patients who underwent total hip arthroplasty at Nanchang First Hospital from March 2021 to January 2023. The observation group received ward noise management (n = 75) and the control group received perioperative routine management (n = 85). The noise level, Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS), Self-rating Anxiety Scale (SAS), the Generic Quality of Life Inventory-74 (GQOLI-74), Harris Hip Score (HHS) system, and satisfaction scale were used to evaluate patients. T test and chi-square tests were used for statistical analysis. Results: The observation group exhibited a significantly lower noise level compared to the control group (P < 0.05). No significant differences were observed in the general information and preoperative SDS, SAS, HHS, and GQOLI-74 scores between the two groups (P > 0.05). No significant differences were observed in the SDS and HHS between the two groups 7 days after the operation (P > 0.05). The observation group presented a significantly lower SAS score than the control group 7 days after the operation (P < 0.05). The score of the observation group 7 days after the operation was lower than that before the operation (P < 0.05). At 7 days after the operation, the observation group showed a higher score in the “social function” dimension of GQOLI-74 compared to the control group (P < 0.05), and the satisfaction of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group (94.67 vs. 77.65%, P < 0.05). Conclusions: Ward noise management can help reduce anxiety among elderly patients after total hip arthroplasty, improve their quality of life and social function, and obtain higher satisfaction.

Super Typhoon Doksuri is a significant meteorological challenge for China this year due to its strong intensity and wide influence range, as well as significant and prolonged hazards. In this work, we studied Doksuri's main characteristics and assessed its forecast accuracy meticulously based on official forecasts, global models and regional models with lead times varying from 1 to 5 days. The results indicate that Typhoon Doksuri underwent rapid intensification and made landfall at 09:55 BJT on July 28 with a powerful intensity of 50 m s−1 confirmed by the real-time operational warnings issued by China Meteorological Administration (CMA). The typhoon also caused significant wind and rainfall impacts, with precipitation at several stations reaching historical extremes, ranking eighth in terms of total rainfall impact during the event. The evaluation of forecast accuracy for Doksuri suggests that Shanghai Multi-model Ensemble Method (SSTC) and Fengwu Model are the most effective for short-term track forecasts. Meanwhile, the forecasts from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) and United Kingdom Meteorological Office (UKMO) are optimal for long-term predictions. It is worth noting that objective forecasts systematically underestimate the typhoon maximum intensity. The objective forecast is terribly poor when there is a sudden change in intensity. CMA-National Digital Forecast System (CMA-NDFS) provides a better reference value for typhoon accumulated rainfall forecasts, and regional models perform well in forecasting extreme rainfall. The analyses above assist forecasters in pinpointing challenges within typhoon predictions and gaining a comprehensive insight into the performance of each model. This improves the effective application of model products.

ObjectiveTo analyze the host factors affecting the drug resistance of Helicobacter pylori (Hp).MethodsPatients with Hp infection were consecutively recruited in the Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University from November 2021 to October 2023. Endoscopic biopsy specimens were collected for pathological diagnosis, Hp strain culture and antimicrobial susceptibility test. Nineteen factors involving the basic information, lifestyle, dietary habits, and health status of the patients were collected through electronic medical records and questionnaires. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between the patients' factors and drug resistance to clarithromycin, levofloxacin, amoxicillin, furazolidone, tetracycline and metronidazole.ResultsA total of 115 patients (Hp strain 115) with Hp infection who met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled. There were 53 males (46.09%) and 62 females (53.91%), with an average age of (45.16±13.39) years. Gastroscopic pathology showed 86 cases (74.78%) of superficial gastritis, 6 cases (5.22%) of atrophic gastritis, 14 cases (12.17%) of intestinal metaplasia, 6 cases (5.22%) of low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia, and 3 cases (2.61%) of high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia/gastric cancer. The drug resistance rates of Hp strains to metronidazole, levofloxacin and clarithromycin were 91.30% (105/115), 53.04% (61/115) and 51.30% (59/115), respectively. Resistance to amoxicillin, furazolidone and tetracycline was not found. Dual drug resistance: levofloxacin + metronidazole dual resistance rate was 50.43% (58/115), clarithromycin + metronidazole dual resistance rate was 47.83% (55/115), clarithromycin + levofloxacin dual resistance rate was 36.52% (42/115). Multidrug resistance: clarithromycin + levofloxacin + metronidazole triple resistance rate was 34.78% (40/115). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that (metronidazole was not included in the multivariate analysis due to the absence of sensitive strains), previous Hp eradication history (OR=74.782, 95% CI: 10.377-538.886, P < 0.001) and tap water (OR=4.919, 95% CI: 1.160-20.859, P=0.031) increased the risk of clarithromycin resistance, and age ≥50 years increased the risk of levofloxacin resistance (OR=4.261, 95% CI: 1.420-12.785, P=0.010), previous Hp eradication history (OR=5.855, 95% CI: 2.209-15.517, P < 0.001), 40-59 years old (OR= 3.269, 95% CI: 1.254-8.520, P=0.015) increased the risk of dual resistance to clarithromycin and levofloxacin.ConclusionsThe drug resistance rate of Hp strains isolated from patients in the Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University to metronidazole, levofloxacin and clarithromycin were high, and dual drug resistance and multidrug resistance were prominent. Age, previous Hp eradication history and drinking water source may be associated with single or dual drug resistance to clarithromycin and levofloxacin. Comprehensive consideration, reasonable selection of antibiotics and individualized treatment should be taken into account during Hp eradication.

Abstract Objective Cognitive dysfunction is a common complication of diabetes after central nervous system involvement. The impact of exercise, as an important non-pharmacological intervention strategy, on cognitive function remains controversial. Thus, we conducted a meta-analysis to assess the impact of exercise on cognitive function of elderly patients with type2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods We computer searched PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, CNKI, Wanfang date, and VIP, and traced back the references included in the literature from 1974 to July 2024. We used RevMan5.4 software for data analysis, and also conducted sensitivity, subgroup, and publication bias analyses. Results Eight eligible studies with a combined total of 747 elderly patients with T2DM were included. Meta-analysis showed that the combined effect size of exercise intervention on cognitive improvement in elderly patients with T2DM was significant [SMD = 0.65, 95% CI (0.48, 0.82), P 6 month intervention [SMD = 0.21, 95% CI (0.45, 0.81), P

Abstract On-chip metasurface for guided wave radiation works as an upgrade of conventional grating couplers, enriching the interconnection between guided wave and free-space optical field. However, the number of controllable parameters in equivalent Jones matrix of on-chip metasurface is limited that restricts the channels for multiplexing. Here, a supercell design based on detour phase and geometric phase has been proposed to reach full-parametric modulation of Jones matrix. As proof of concept, four independent sets of amplitude-phase channels have been experimentally demonstrated through a single on-chip metasurface. Moreover, through joint modulation of three phase mechanisms including detour phase, geometric phase and propagation phase, the Jones matrix could be decoupled from forward- and backward-propagating guided waves for direction multiplexing. This work paves the way for guided wave radiation towards high-capacity multiplexing and may further extend its application in optical communications, optical displays and augmented/virtual reality.

Abstract Developing highly active and durable air cathode catalysts is crucial yet challenging for rechargeable zinc-air batteries. Herein, a size-adjustable, flexible, and self-standing carbon membrane catalyst encapsulating adjacent Cu/Na dual-atom sites is prepared using a solution blow spinning technique combined with a pyrolysis strategy. The intrinsic activity of the Cu-N4 site is boosted by the neighboring Na-containing functional group, which enhances O2 adsorption and optimizes the rate-determining step of O2 activation (*O2 → *OOH) during the oxygen reduction reaction process. Meanwhile, the Cu-N4 sites are encapsulated within carbon nanofibers and anchored by the carbon matrix to form a C2-Cu-N4 configuration, thereby reinforcing the stability of the Cu centers. Moreover, the introduction of Na-containing functional groups on the carbon atoms significantly reduces the positive charge on their outer shell C atoms, rendering the carbon skeletons less susceptible to corrosion by oxygen species and further preventing the dissolution of Cu centers. Under these multi-type regulations, the zinc-air battery with Cu/Na-carbon membrane catalyst as the air cathode demonstrates long-term discharge/charge cycle stability of over 5000 h. This considerable stability improvement represents a critical step towards developing Cu-N4 active sites modified with the neighboring main-group metal-containing functional groups to overcome the durability barriers of zinc-air batteries for future practical applications.

As the grade of copper concentrate decreases and its composition becomes increasingly complex, the silver content in the anode plate casting after fire refining increases. This leads to a high silver content in the copper cathode during electrorefining and a substantial loss of precious metals. This study investigated the effect of 1-aminopropyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide (APMImBr) ionic liquid on the migration of silver during high-silver anode plate electrorefining. The results show that APMImBr is adsorbed on the anode surface by reacting with Ag+ released from the anode to form AgBr precipitates, thereby preventing Ag+ ions from entering the electrolyte. Simultaneously, agglomerates of fine Ag–Se compounds and AgBr particles form, resulting in anode slime particles that are sufficiently large to settle quickly to the bottom of the cell, thus inhibiting fine silver-containing particles from adhering to the cathode. Furthermore, APMImBr adsorbs onto the cathode surface, forming CuBr intermediates and inhibiting Cu2+ electrodeposition. This facilitates the refinement of the surface grains and flattens the copper cathode surface. The Ag content of the cathode decreased continuously as the concentration of APMImBr increased. The Ag content of the cathode decreased by 41.67% from 6.0 ppm (no additives) to 3.5 ppm upon the addition of the optimal concentration of 300 mg/L of APMImBr.

Abstract Colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC) frequently develops in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) who have been exposed to a prolonged state of chronic inflammation. The investigation of pharmacological agents and their mechanisms to prevent precancerous lesions and inhibit their progression remains a significant focus and challenge in CAC research. Previous studies have demonstrated that vitexin effectively mitigates CAC, however, its precise mechanism of action warrants further exploration. This study reveals that the absence of the Vitamin D receptor (VDR) accelerates the progression from chronic colitis to colorectal cancer. Our findings indicate that vitexin can specifically target the VDR protein, facilitating its translocation into the cell nucleus to exert transcriptional activity. Additionally, through a co-culture model of macrophages and cancer cells, we observed that vitexin promotes the polarization of macrophages towards the M1 phenotype, a process that is dependent on VDR. Furthermore, ChIP-seq analysis revealed that vitexin regulates the transcriptional activation of phenazine biosynthesis-like domain protein (PBLD) via VDR. ChIP assays and dual luciferase reporter assays were employed to identify the functional PBLD regulatory region, confirming that the VDR/PBLD pathway is critical for vitexin-mediated regulation of macrophage polarization. Finally, in a mouse model with myeloid VDR gene knockout, we found that the protective effects of vitexin were abolished in mid-stage CAC. In summary, our study establishes that vitexin targets VDR and modulates macrophage polarization through the VDR/PBLD pathway, thereby alleviating the transition from chronic colitis to colorectal cancer.

Abstract Prior research has shown that attitudes possess an implicit dimension that is crucial for understanding behavioral decisions. Personality traits, such as high need for cognition (NFC) and high need for affect (NFA), contribute to the formation of explicit and implicit attitudes through distinct routes, influencing the consistency between implicit and explicit attitudes. We employ Event-Related Potentials (ERPs) to examine how personality differences affect implicit attitudes and the efficacy of personalized matching in the context of COVID-19 vaccination. Phase 1 of the study explores whether participants with high need for cognition or high need for affect display varying levels of consistency between their implicit and explicit attitudes. After controlling for pre-existing positive explicit attitudes towards the COVID-19 vaccine, we discovered that participants with high NFC exhibit a more consistent attitude system, while those with high NFA do not. Phase 2 of the study reveals that personalized matching does not ensure a corresponding enhancement in persuasion, as it can influence people’s attitudes via different psychological processes based on their level of elaboration. These findings offer new insights into the factors driving COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and the effectiveness of personalized persuasion strategies at the individual implicit cognitive level. Such understanding can assist in devising communication strategies for future vaccination promotion efforts.

Abstract Neovaginas are surgically constructed to correct uterovaginal agenesis in women with Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome or as part of gender-affirming surgery for transfeminine individuals. Understanding the assembly of the neovaginal microbiota is crucial for guiding its management. To address this, we conducted a longitudinal study on MRKH patients following laparoscopic peritoneal vaginoplasty. Our findings reveal that the early microbial assemblage exhibited stochastic characteristics, accompanied with a notable bloom of Enterococcus faecalis and genital Mycoplasmas. While both the pre-surgery dimple microbiota and the fecal microbiota constituted the primary species pool, the neovaginal microbiota developed into a microbiota that resembled that of a normal vagina at 6–12 months post-surgery, albeit with a bacterial vaginosis (BV)-like structure. By 2–4 years post-surgery, the neovaginal microbiota had further evolved into a structure closely resembling with the homeostatic pre-surgery dimple microbiota. This concords with the development of the squamous epithelium in the neovagina and highlights the pivotal roles of progressive selective forces imposed by the evolving neovaginal environment and the colonization tropism of vaginal species. Notably, we observed that strains of Lactobacillus crispatus colonizing the neovagina primarily originated from the dimple. Since L. crispatus is generally associated with vaginal health, this finding suggests potential avenues for future research to promote its colonization.

Abstract Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a debilitating demyelinating disease characterized by remyelination failure attributed to inadequate oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) differentiation and aberrant astrogliosis. A comprehensive cell atlas reanalysis of clinical specimens brings to light heightened clusterin (CLU) expression in a specific astrocyte subtype links to active lesions in MS patients. Our investigation reveals elevated astrocytic CLU levels in both active lesions of patient tissues and female murine MS models. CLU administration stimulates primary astrocyte proliferation while concurrently impeding astrocyte-mediated clearance of myelin debris. Intriguingly, CLU overload directly impedes OPC differentiation and induces OPCs and OLs apoptosis. Mechanistically, CLU suppresses PI3K-AKT signaling in primary OPCs via very low-density lipoprotein receptor. Pharmacological activation of AKT rescues the damage inflicted by excess CLU on OPCs and ameliorates demyelination in the corpus callosum. Furthermore, conditional knockout of CLU emerges as a promising intervention, showcasing improved remyelination processes and reduced severity in murine MS models.

Abstract Osimertinib is a third-generation epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) approved for patients with EGFR T790M resistance mutations as first- or second-line treatment of EGFR-positive patients. Resistance to Osimertinib will inevitably develop, and the underlying mechanisms are largely unknown. In this study, we discovered that acquired resistance to Osimertinib is associated with abnormal DNA damage response (DDR) in lung adenocarcinoma cells. We discovered that the polycomb protein Lethal(3) Malignant Brain Tumor-Like Protein 1 (L3MBTL1) regulates chromatin structure, thereby contributing to DDR and Osimertinib resistance. EGFR oncogene inhibition reduced L3MBTL1 ubiquitination while stabilizing its expression in Osimertinib-resistant cells. L3MBTL1 reduction and treatment with Osimertinib significantly inhibited DDR and proliferation of Osimertinib-resistant lung cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. L3MBTL1 binds throughout the genome and plays an important role in EGFR-TKI resistance. It also competes with 53BP1 for H4K20Me2 and inhibits the development of drug resistance in Osimertinib-resistant lung cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Our findings suggest that L3MBTL1 inhibition is a novel approach to overcoming EGFR-TKI-acquired resistance.