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Le conteneur est un emballage reutilisable qui doit permettre d’assurer le maintien de la sterilite jusqu’au point d’utilisation. Afin de verifier la preservation des performances de ces emballages, certaines unites de sterilisation utilisent le test de fuite a l’eau. A ce jour, ce controle de fonctionnalite n’est ni retenu, ni reconnu par les fabricants. L’objectif de ce travail est de verifier le maintien de la sterilite a l’interieur des conteneurs lorsque le test de fuite est positif (rupture d’etancheite cuve/couvercle). Afin d’identifier les conditions pouvant modifier l’efficacite de la barriere microbienne, les variations de pression et de temperature ont ete relevees lors du stockage et transport. Au total, 5 series de 3 conteneurs (temoin positif sans barriere filtrante, conteneur avec test de fuite a l’eau negatif et positif) ont ete exposees, apres sterilisation, a un aerosol de Micrococcus luteus dans une chambre etanche a differentes pressions : 25, 50 et 75 mbar. Prealablement, des plaques de gelose etaient disposees au fond des conteneurs puis mises en culture apres exposition pendant 5 jours a 37°C. Les resultats en UFC ont ete convertis en facteur de reduction logarithmique (LRV) afin d’apprecier l’efficacite de la barriere filtrante. Les resultats confirment que la surpression est un facteur favorisant de la penetration de microorganismes dans les conteneurs. D’autre part, les conteneurs presentant un test positif sont significativement plus contamines que des conteneurs disposant d’une etancheite parfaite (p-valeur=0,002). Le test de fuite a l’eau peut donc etre considere comme discriminant pour evaluer le maintien des performances des conteneurs.

Background Since biosimilar infliximab’s arrival on the market in 2015, health authorities promote their prescription. The question arises of the medico-economic interest of the switch from an originator to its biosimilar in patients already treated. The NOR-Switch study gives us an answer in showing the non-inferiority of biosimilar CT-P13 against the originator in terms of effectiveness and tolerance. Since biosimilar (Inflectra) referencing in our hospital in 2015, all treatment initiations are done with the biosimilar and a switch is proposed to patients already treated with the originator (Remicade). Purpose To evaluate the economic impact of introducing the biosimilar infliximab in our hospital. Material and methods We made an evaluation between June 2015 (biosimilar arrival) and 2018 to measure the impact of this referencing. We used a prospective database since 2014 concerning all infliximab injections ((Remicade+Inflectra), patient, indication, number of vial per injection, cost). Results Patients are treated in rheumatology (83%) and gastrology (17%): rheumatoid arthritis, Ankylosing spondylitis, Crohn’s disease and haemorrhagic rectocolitis. Since 2014, vial consumption (annual and by injection) of infliximab has risen (+8% per year, from 1641 vials to 2117). The partition between biosimilar and originator has evolved since 2015: the biosimilar proportion has increased from 8% (160 vials) to 55% (1056). In addition to treatment initiation, we note a 30% switch in patients already treated by Remicade. Inflectra was introduced with a −36% price in comparison with Remicade. Since 2015, vial cost has decreased (−40% for both biosimilar and originator). Although the consumption grew, we observed an annual cost reduction of −15%. Since 2014, infliximab expenses diminish from €8 50 000 to €5 00 000 yearly. Due to the introduction of the infliximab biosimilar in our hospital, we estimate a cost savings of €1.1 million in 3 years. The maintenance rate is respectively 57% and 64% under Inflectra and Remicade. Conclusion Since 2015, infliximab consumption has increased but a lower price and health authorities’ promotion for biosimilars contribute to a cost reduction in both Remicade, Inflectra and, consequently, annual cost. This cost saving is helped by prescriptors’s willingness: systematic treatment of naive patients by biosimilar and switch proposal to patients already treated. Biosimilar referencing and prescription are part of the cost-saving approach: less money is therefore spent on more treated patients. References and/or acknowledgements No conflict of interest.

International audience; The ATLAS Collaboration has started a vast program of upgrades in the context of high-luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) foreseen in 2024. The current readout electronics of every sub-detector, including the Tile Calorimeter, must be upgraded to comply with the extreme HL-LHC operating conditions. The ASIC described in this document, named Front-end ATlAs tiLe Integrated Circuit (FATALIC), has been developed to fulfill these requirements. FATALIC is based on a 130 nm CMOS technology and performs the complete signal processing (amplification, shaping and digitization) over a large dynamic range. A dedicated channel for low current is also designed to perform the detector calibration with a radioactive cesium source. The design and performances of FATALIC are described including test beam data analysis.

The present article introduces a novel ASIC architecture, designed in the context of the ATLAS Tile Calorimeter upgrade program for the High-Luminosity phase of the Large Hadron Collider at CERN. The architecture is based on radiation-tolerant 130 nm Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor technology, embedding both analog and digital processing of detector signals. A detailed description of the ASIC is given in terms of motivation, design characteristics and simulated and measured performance. Experimental studies, based on 24 prototype units under real particle beam conditions are also presented in order to demonstrate the potential of the architecture as a reliable front-end readout electronic solution., 32 pages

The dependence of the d(e,e{prime}K{sup +}) reaction cross sections on the hyperon-nucleon interactions is investigated. It is shown that the data obtained with Longitudinal-Transverse separation or polarized photons can distinguish a class of Nijmegen models of hyperon-nucleon interactions which are {chi}{sup 2}-equivalent in fitting the existing 35 data points of hyperon-nucleon reactions.

Previous approaches to the photo- and electro-production of strangeness off the proton, based upon effective hadronic Lagrangians, are extended here to incorporate the so called off-shell effects inherent to the fermions with spin >= 3/2. A formalism for intermediate-state, spin 3/2, nucleonic and hyperonic resonances is presented and applied to the processes $\gamma + p ---> K^{+} + \Lambda$, for $E_{\gamma}^{lab}$ e' + K^+ + \Lambda$, as well as the branching ratio for the crossed channel reaction $K^- + p ---> \gamma + \Lambda$, with stopped kaons. The sensitivity, from moderate to significant, of various observables to such effects are discussed., Comment: 38 pages in LaTeX2e-RevTeX + 8 postscript figures

We study the behavior of energy levels in two dimensions for exotic atoms, i.e., when a long-range attractive potential is supplemented by a short-range interaction, and compare the results with these of the one- and three-dimensional cases. The energy shifts are well reproduced by a scattering length formula $ \delta{E}= A_0^2/\ln (a/R)$, where $a$ is the scattering length in the short-range potential, $A_0^2/(2\,\pi)$ the square of the wave function at the origin in the external potential, and $R$ is related to the derivative with respect to the energy of the solution that is regular at large distances., Comment: Significant upgrade of the early version, with a new and more detailed derivation of the energy-shift formula, and all figures redrawn. To appear in J. Phys. A

$\Kbar N$ interactions are investigated {\it via} an effective non-linear chiral meson-baryon Lagrangian. The adjustable parameters are determined by a fitting procedure on the $K^-p$ threshold branching ratios and total cross-section data for $p^{lab}_K\le$ 250 MeV/c. We produce predictions for the $\Sigma \pi$ mass spectrum, and scattering lenghts $a_{K^-p}$, $a_n(K^-n \to K^-n)$, $a_n0(\Kbar0 n \to \Kbar0 n)$, and $a_{ex}(K^-p \to \Kbar0 n)$. The $\Kbar N$ amplitudes thus obtained, as well as those for other two-body channels ($\pi N$, $NN$, and $YN$) are used as input to predict the scattering length $A_{K^-d}$, for which we have devised a relativistic version of the three-body Faddeev equations. Results for all two- and three-body coupled channels are reported both in isospin and particle bases. All available $\Kbar N$ data are well reproduced and our best results for the $K^-p$ and $K^-d$ scattering lenghts are $a_{K^-p} = (-0.90 + i 0.87) fm$ and $A_{K^-d} = (-1.80 + i 1.55) fm$.

We report on the first calculation of the scattering length ${A}_{{K}^{\ensuremath{-}}d}$ based on a relativistic three-body approach where the $\overline{K}N$ coupled channel two-body input amplitudes have been obtained with the chiral $\mathrm{SU}(3)$ constraint, but with isospin symmetry breaking effects taken into account. Results are compared with a recent calculation applying a similar set of two-body amplitudes, based on the fixed center approximation, and for which we find significant deviations from the three-body results. Effects of the deuteron D-wave component, pion-nucleon, and hyperon-nucleon interactions are also evaluated.

Previous approaches to the photo- and electro-production of strangeness on the proton, based upon effective Lagrangian, is extended to incorporate the so called off-shell effects (OSE) required while dealing with spin ⩾3/2 baryonic resonances. Results for K+ Λ channels are presented.

A formalism, based on an isobaric approach, via Feynman diagrammatic technique, including the nucleonic (spin ≤ 5/2), hyperonic (spin 1/2) and kaonic resonances is developed. Using this formalism, a thorough investigation of all the electromagnetic strangeness processes, for which experimental results are available, is performed and satisfactory agreement with the data is obtained. The reaction mechanism is found to include a reasonable number of baryonic resonances, with the extracted main kaon-hyperon-nucleon coupling constants in agreement with the SU(3)-symmetry predictions. The sensitivity of this model to the form factors of the relevant hadrons is emphasized.

Exact calculations of vector and tensor polarizations are presented for the reaction π + d → π + d at T π = 142 MeV. They are aimed at meeting the apparent demand raised by upcoming pertinent experiments. The effects of (i) deuteron D state, (ii) participating π-N partial waves and (iii) coupling of different π-d orbital angular momenta are found to be very important.

Une methode rapide et economique d'evaluation des lubrifiants et des combustibles vis-a-vis de l'usure par polissage des cylindres de moteurs diesel suralimentes a ete mise au point sur moteur monocylindre de laboratoire dans le cadre d'une convention de recherche Societe Nationale Elf Aquitaine - Institut Francais du Petrole (SNEA-IFP). Cette methode referencee IFP-UP-4/80, permet egalement de juger de la tendance a la formation de depots et au gommage, de l'usure des segments et de la tendance a la consommation d'huile des lubrifiants. Elle est en bonne correlation avec l'essai CEC-Ford Tornado et discrimine tres bien les huiles de reference RL 47 et RL 48 du Conseil Europeen de Coordination (CEC). Elle a permis l'etude du mecanisme de l'usure par polissage en recherchant l'influence de parametres essentiels : - Constitution du lubrifiant : le phenomene est influence par la nature de l'huile de base et par sa viscosite, par la quantite de polymeres ameliorant l'indice de viscosite et surtout par le choix des additifs detergents. En premiere approximation et pour des familles d'huiles homogenes, l'usure par polissage augmente lorsque la stabilite thermique de l'huile diminue. - Fonctionnement du moteur : le polissage croit tres vite avec la charge du moteur a partir d'un certain seuil, son evolution en fonction du temps, observee par cotation endoscopique, presente une allure caracteristique en S, le polissage commence du cote poussee et en haut du cylindre. - Constitution du combustible : l'augmentation de la teneur en soufre du gazole diminue fortement l'usure par polissage provoquee par une huile reputee mauvaise sur ce plan mais est sans effet sur une bonne huile. - Etat de surface du cylindre : le prepolissage de la chemise par pierrage extremement fin ne conduit pas aux memes phenomenes que ceux observes lorsque la chemise est polie in situ dans le moteur en fonctionnement. En particulier, l'usure des segments ainsi que les debits de gaz de soufflage, sont plus faibles qu'avec une chemise normale. Enfin, le mecanisme de l'usure par polissage par abrasion douce a deux et a trois corps est parfaitement confirme par une exploration micrographique et une microanalyse des surfaces polies.

A set of unitary relativistic equations for the coupled πNN-NN system is used to describe the processes π d → π d, π d ↔ NN and NN → NN at intermediate energies where the alleged dibaryon resonance effects may manifest themselves.