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Delayed graft function (DGF), defined as the need for dialysis within the first week of a kidney transplant, is a common complication, particularly in extended criteria donor transplants, where its incidence ranges from 21 to 31%.

The important role of zooplankton in linking different trophic levels has been the subject of extensive research, highlighting their crucial contribution to aquatic ecosystems and energy flow. Classification of organisms into functional groups using a method that combines taxonomic assessments with direct functional measurements is very effective in understanding their interactions with the environment. Our objective was to determine the seasonal changes of zooplankton in Lake Yeniçağa using zooplankton functional groups. A total of 19 zooplankton species were identified in the lake and classified into six functional groups. Medium-sized cladoceran and copepod carnivorous feeders (MCC) accounted for 45.74% of all functional groups and were the dominant group in the lake. Throughout the year, medium and large zooplankton generally dominated in the lake, with smaller functional groups briefly dominating in spring and autumn. Statistical analysis indicates that medium-sized cladoceran and copepod filter feeders (MCF) and large-sized cladoceran and copepod filter feeders (LCF) showed a positive relationship with Secchi depth and a negative relationship with chlorophyll a. Other groups exhibited relatively lower correlations with environmental parameters. It can be concluded that the observed seasonal changes in these groups are affected not only by environmental parameters, but also by the availability of food resources.

The problem of bottlenecks on the road network is relevant, especially in cities with radial and radial-ring schemes, since in case of their occurrence on arterial radial streets, it is difficult to choose an alternative route due to the low capacity of secondary streets. One of these bottlenecks is the repair work area, where, due to the closure of one street, the detour is carried out by parallel routes, which increases the load on local streets and driveways. Traffic flow volumes in the repair work areas are investigated in this paper. A site was selected where repairs were carried out in 2023. A citywide street of signalized traffic was closed due to repair work. The authors have forecasted the volumes of traffic flow that will be moving. After the start of the repair work, the actual traffic volume was determined by field surveys. The research was conducted over three months. The results showed that in the first week, the volumes were 2% higher than predicted; in the second week, they corresponded to the predicted values, and starting from the third week, they began to decrease. Approximately the same volumes were observed between the seventh and twelfth weeks of the study. They were 18% lower than forecasted at the beginning of the study. Since the research results showed that drivers need about a month to choose an alternative route to bypass the most congested sections of the road network, a recommendation was made to install road signs informing about the detour a month before the start of the repair work. In our opinion, this recommendation will allow drivers to plan and choose an alternative detour route in advance so that the detour section is less congested at the beginning of the repair work.

This study examines the monthly population parameters of Pontastacus leptodactylus in Lake Yeniçağa, including sex, length, and weight compositions, length-weight relationship, fecundity, morphometry, meat yield, and crayfish plague ratio. For this purpose, 641 crayfish were collected using fyke nets with a 34 mm mesh size. The females carrying eggs were observed between February and May. The female specimens carried between 103 and 841 eggs each, with a diameter ranging from 2.03 to 2.82 mm. The research revealed a size range of 80–168 mm and weight range of 15–133 g for crayfish specimens. As a result of regression analyses, the length-weight relationship was calculated as W = 0.0392L2.9148 for males and W = 0.0701L2.6139 for females. The population exhibited negative allometric growth based on the length and weight data. The evaluation of meat yield was based on the total meat yield, which comprises cheliped meat yield and abdomen meat yield. The study found that 14.35% of the P. leptodactylus population in Yeniçağa Lake was affected by crayfish disease. The results indicate that the P. leptodactylus population in Lake Yeniçağa has an overall healthy population structure, with a size suitable for fishing, and should be considered from an economic standpoint.

This study aims to clarify the characteristics of settlement composition and house layout in Mamasa Toraja and Tana Toraja, Indonesia, focusing on spatial differences. The study reviewed relevant literature, selected settlements for the survey, and prepared settlement layout maps based on satellite imagery. Field surveys were conducted in 2022 to revise the settlement layout maps, record house plans, and interview local residents. The study found that despite having the same cultural roots, Tana Toraja and Mamasa Toraja have different settlement configurations and house layouts. The Tana Toraja settlements have a straight composition with warehouses on the north side and houses on the south side, flanked by a street-like plaza. In contrast, the composition of Mamasa Toraja settlements in the mountainous area is curvilinear, following the natural topography. Although social restrictions based on the caste system have long since been abolished, the layout of houses in the Toraja settlement, especially in Mamasa, still shows a social structure from when the caste system existed. This study provides insights into the unique spatial forms and cultural practices of the traditional villages in Mamasa Toraja and Tana Toraja, highlighting the importance of preserving their cultural heritage.

A marketplace is a place in cyberspace where there are commercial activities between buyers and sellers. Products offered from the marketplace have reviews to review. Shopee is the most visited marketplace by people and offers various products. Product reviews can provide benefits for other consumers in assessing the products offered. By utilizing NLP technology in particular, this study can classify positive sentiment and negative sentiment in product review data. The IndoBERT model is a model that can be used in NLP technology by utilizing the relationship between each input and output element as well as the weights to be calculated simultaneously. By utilizing this technology, sentiment analysis on Shopee product reviews provides maximum accuracy until 93% with different training conditions. This provide that IndoBERT model can show that the performance of the indoBERT model in this research is very good.

Background. Our previous studies have shown a minor embryotoxic effect of polymeric poly(VEP-co-GMA)-graft-mPEG carrier on Missgurnus fossilis L. embryos and prelarvae. At the same time, it was found that a 3-day exposure to 10-15 M polymer carrier slowed developing, which is characterized by a delayed hatching of larvae. However, in the 10-day experiment on loach larvae exposed to polymeric carrier, anomalies and defects of development have not been identified. The aim of this work was to analyze the embryos and prelarvae survival, as well as determine the morphometric indicators of the loach embryos under the action of a PEG-modified polymer carrier. Materials and Methods. Ovulation in loach females (Misgurnus fossilis L.) was stimulated by intramuscular injection of female chorionic gonadotropin (500 units), eggs were obtained 36 h after stimulation, fertilized in Petri dishes with a suspension of sperm according to A. A. Neifach. The stages of development were observed visually under a binocular microscope MBS-9 with a photo camera in a real-time mode. The experimental embryos were incubated in Goltfreter’s solution with the addition of PEG-containing carrier to a final concentration of 10 and 100 μmol/L. The morphological development of the embryo groups was evaluated according to the T. Fujimoto deve­lopment tables (2004), and the morphological parameters (diameter and area of roes, blastomers, embryos, embryo sac and blastodisk) were measured using ImageJ and Photoshop (CC 2014v15) programs. Results. Addition of the 10 μmol/L PEG-containing carrier to the medium initiated significant positive changes in the survival of loach embryos and prelarvae, in contrast to exposure to 100 μmol/L carrier. A significant increase in the area and diameter of blastomers and the embryos themselves under the influence of 100 μmol/L PEG carrier was established, which may indicate swelling of the embryos and a disruption of water-salt exchange that causes the early death of embryos. Conclusions. (1) Low embryotoxicity of the PEG-polymer was confirmed on the studied model of the loach embryos. Based on the obtained data and the original data of J. Maes et al. (2) PEG is an attractive polymeric carrier for the delivery of a variety of compounds to both embryos and prelarvae as well as other model subjects. Despite the fact that we investigated only two concentrations of the PEG-containing carrier, it is quite likely that these concentrations of the carrier are (3) biologically active in themselves and, therefore, a thorough selection of the PEG-carrier concentration for each objective of the model is needed.

Introduction: Well-functioning National Immunization Technical Advisory Groups (NITAGs) are valuable contributors to decision-making processes in the complex immunization policy arena. This paper describes the progress made globally on the establishment and strengthening of these key advisory groups and discusses some of their strengths, challenges, and opportunities. Methods: The data submitted annually by countries to the World Health Organization (WHO) via the WHO/UNICEF Joint Reporting Form (JRF) were analyzed, comparing the NITAG functionality criteria in 2012 and 2023. Results: In 2023 and 2012, 88% and 61% of countries, respectively, reported having a NITAG. A total of 77% of NITAGs met all six NITAG process criteria in 2023 compared to 33% in 2012. This progress was most notable in the WHO African Region, increasing from 7% (2012) to 77% (2023), and the South-East Asia Region, increasing from 45% (2012) to 91% (2023). In 2023, 84% of NITAGs issued a vaccine-policy recommendation that was adopted by decision-makers. Discussion: Marked progress has been made since 2012 on establishing and maintaining NITAGs, with a small number of countries yet to form an advisory committee. Supporting and sustaining NITAG functions remains an important means for countries to foster independent and transparent expert advice on vaccine and immunization policy. Setbacks in countries facing instability or political turmoil are a reminder of the reversibility of progress. WHO and partners play an important role in supporting countries in strengthening these advisory committees. Continuous commitment by countries to the function and involvement of NITAGs in policy recommendations is essential for enhancing the strength and resilience of immunization programs.

Summary: Background: The clinical relevance of recurrent venous thromboembolism (VTE) after discontinuing anticoagulation in patients with COVID-19-associated VTE remains uncertain. We estimated the incidence rates and mortality of VTE recurrences developing after discontinuing anticoagulation in patients with COVID-19-associated VTE. Methods: A prospective, multicenter, non-interventional study was conducted between March 25, 2020, and July 26, 2023, including patients who had discontinued anticoagulation after at least 3 months of therapy. All patients from the registry were analyzed during the study period to verify inclusion criteria. Patients with superficial vein thrombosis, those who did not receive at least 3 months of anticoagulant therapy, and those who were followed for less than 15 days after discontinuing anticoagulation were excluded. Outcomes were: 1) Incidence rates of symptomatic VTE recurrences, and 2) fatal PE. The rate of VTE recurrences was defined as the number of patients with recurrent VTE divided by the patient-years at risk of recurrent VTE during the period when anticoagulation was discontinued. Findings: Among 1106 patients with COVID-19-associated VTE (age 62.3 ± 14.4 years; 62.9% male) followed-up for 12.5 months (p25-75, 6.3–20.1) after discontinuing anticoagulation, there were 38 VTE recurrences (3.5%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.5–4.7%), with a rate of 3.1 per 100 patient-years (95% CI: 2.2–4.2). No patient died of recurrent PE (0%, 95% CI: 0–7.6%). Subgroup analyses showed that patients with diagnosis in 2021–2022 (vs. 2020) (Hazard ratio [HR] 2.86; 95% CI 1.45–5.68) or those with isolated deep vein thrombosis (vs. pulmonary embolism) (HR 2.31; 95% CI 1.19–4.49) had significantly higher rates of VTE recurrences. Interpretation: In patients with COVID-19-associated VTE who discontinued anticoagulation after at least 3 months of treatment, the incidence rate of recurrent VTE and the case-fatality rate was low. Therefore, it conceivable that long-term anticoagulation may not be required for many patients with COVID-19-associated VTE, although further research is needed to confirm these findings. Funding: Sanofi and Rovi, Sanofi Spain.

Abstract Purpose To determine if pelvic/ovarian and omental lesions of ovarian cancer can be reliably segmented on computed tomography (CT) using fully automated deep learning-based methods. Methods A deep learning model for the two most common disease sites of high-grade serous ovarian cancer lesions (pelvis/ovaries and omentum) was developed and compared against the well-established “no-new-Net” framework and unrevised trainee radiologist segmentations. A total of 451 CT scans collected from four different institutions were used for training (n = 276), evaluation (n = 104) and testing (n = 71) of the methods. The performance was evaluated using the Dice similarity coefficient (DSC) and compared using a Wilcoxon test. Results Our model outperformed no-new-Net for the pelvic/ovarian lesions in cross-validation, on the evaluation and test set by a significant margin (p values being 4 × 10–7, 3 × 10–4, 4 × 10–2, respectively), and for the omental lesions on the evaluation set (p = 1 × 10–3). Our model did not perform significantly differently in segmenting pelvic/ovarian lesions (p = 0.371) compared to a trainee radiologist. On an independent test set, the model achieved a DSC performance of 71 ± 20 (mean ± standard deviation) for pelvic/ovarian and 61 ± 24 for omental lesions. Conclusion Automated ovarian cancer segmentation on CT scans using deep neural networks is feasible and achieves performance close to a trainee-level radiologist for pelvic/ovarian lesions. Relevance statement Automated segmentation of ovarian cancer may be used by clinicians for CT-based volumetric assessments and researchers for building complex analysis pipelines. Key points • The first automated approach for pelvic/ovarian and omental ovarian cancer lesion segmentation on CT images has been presented. • Automated segmentation of ovarian cancer lesions can be comparable with manual segmentation of trainee radiologists. • Careful hyperparameter tuning can provide models significantly outperforming strong state-of-the-art baselines. Graphical Abstract

Abstract Pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) is a rare disease characterized by a massive accumulation of mucus in the peritoneal cavity. The only effective treatment is aggressive surgery, aimed at removing all visible tumors. However, a high percentage of patients relapse, with subsequent progression and death. Recently, there has been an increase in therapies that target mutated oncogenic proteins. In this sense, KRAS has been reported to be highly mutated in PMP, with KRASG12D being the most common subtype. Here, we tested the efficacy of a small-molecule KRASG12D inhibitor, MRTX1133, in a high-grade PMP xenograft mouse model carrying a KRASG12D mutation. The results obtained in this work showed a profound inhibition of tumor growth, which was associated with a reduction in cell proliferation, an increase in apoptosis, and a reduction in the MAPK and PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways. In conclusion, these results demonstrate the high potency and efficacy of MRTX1133 in KRASG12D-PMP tumors and provide a rationale for clinical trials.

Practicing customs and rituals is a very important element that unites the Sorbs, as well as an exponent of the national identity of this Slavic minority in Germany. Attachment to tradition and customs is also reflected in the language. The collected linguistic material (nearly 80 Upper Sorbian idioms and proverbs) illustrates many interesting Sorbian customs. It reflects mainly those traditions and customs that are closely related to faith, such as some Easter customs or the tradition of indulgence feasts/parish festival.

In Indonesia, there is a rich diversity of cultures, one of which is traditional houses. Traditional houses essentially have the potential to represent the way of life, culture, and local economy. Traditional houses in Indonesia, particularly in the Malaka region, are important cultural symbols that can be regarded as cultural icons in Malaka and Indonesia. They provide a historical perspective, heritage, and reflect the progress of society in a civilization. The Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) method is used in this research. In this study, the CNN algorithm is applied to classify traditional house objects. These traditional house objects are divided into two categories: Kolibein Traditional House and Laleik Traditional House. The objective of this research is to classify traditional houses in Malaka, namely Kolibein Traditional House and Laleik Traditional House, and also to determine the accuracy level of CNN classification results. The previously created model is tested using test data to assess its accuracy. The testing is conducted on 20 data points, with 10 data points in each respective class. The testing results show that the classification of Kolibein and Laleik traditional houses is error- free or very accurate. Based on the model developed for classifying Kolibein and Laleik traditional houses using the Convolutional Neural Network method, it is evident that this method is capable of producing accurate results. The obtained results indicate that the accuracy, based on the classification report using images of Kolibein and Laleik traditional houses, reaches 100%. Therefore, it can be concluded that the constructed CNN model has a high level of accuracy.

The paper examines a roundabout located in a residential district of Lviv city. The area has many attraction points, so traffic and pedestrian flow volumes are large. All approaches to the roundabout have unsignalized pedestrian crosswalks, three of which lack safety islands. Field studies were conducted on peak and off-peak periods, collecting primary indicators of traffic and pedestrian flows. Traffic flow delays were determined on the approaches to the roundabout under existing traffic conditions with the help of the PTV VISSIM software. Three options were proposed for arranging pedestrian crosswalks on approaches to the roundabout. The first option was an arrangement of safety islands on all pedestrian crosswalks. The second option was an arrangement of underground pedestrian crosswalks. The third option was the implementation of adapting traffic light control with a call button for pedestrians. Traffic simulation was carried out for all three proposed options with the finding of the delay per vehicle and the values of the average and maximum length of the queue of vehicles on the approaches to the roundabout. All three options showed better results of traffic delay than existing conditions. However, there were delays caused by the traffic flow itself. These delays are seen in the results of the simulation of option two. Traffic delays are the smallest at this option. Option one showed the highest values of traffic delays in comparison with the other two options. The advantages and disadvantages of each option for arranging pedestrian crosswalks are determined. Recommendations are given regarding the feasibility of locating various types of pedestrian crosswalks on the approaches to the roundabout. Given the research results, the best option from the view of traffic and pedestrian flows, their delays and safety is the third one.

Abstract Introduction: The skin is of all the organs of the body that is directly and constantly exposed to external agents. Hence the importance of providing all the necessary nutrients to keep it healthy, cared for and hydrated. When this does not happen, the skin begins to lose water, becomes dehydrated, and can be seriously injured. With this intention, a moisturizing serum with natural active ingredients has been designed and developed. It has been developed and characterized through various studies. In addition, it includes a strain of the probiotic species Lactobacillus fermentum CECT 5716, as an innovation, to enhance the synergistic effect of the product. Method: The cited product is characterized by pH, conductivity, and viscosity measurements to test its stability. Besides it is studied to probiotic viability and consumers’ perception of the product’s efficacy. Results: Data extracted from pH and conductivity measurements assure that the topical application of our serum is safe, as it does the consumers’ perception of the product’s efficacy study, offering it a better appearance in terms of smoothness and luminosity. This research has revealed the serum’s pseudoplastic characteristics, optimal for its purpose. Lastly, it has been seen that probiotic viability decreases with time. Conclusions: Based on the results we obtained; it can be affirmed that our moisturizing serum is safe and effective in skin hydration, due to the properties of the raw materials incorporated and the competitive mechanism of the probiotics included.

Abstract High grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSOC) is a highly heterogeneous disease that typically presents at an advanced, metastatic state. The multi-scale complexity of HGSOC is a major obstacle to predicting response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) and understanding critical determinants of response. Here we present a framework to predict the response of HGSOC patients to NACT integrating baseline clinical, blood-based, and radiomic biomarkers extracted from all primary and metastatic lesions. We use an ensemble machine learning model trained to predict the change in total disease volume using data obtained at diagnosis (n = 72). The model is validated in an internal hold-out cohort (n = 20) and an independent external patient cohort (n = 42). In the external cohort the integrated radiomics model reduces the prediction error by 8% with respect to the clinical model, achieving an AUC of 0.78 for RECIST 1.1 classification compared to 0.47 for the clinical model. Our results emphasize the value of including radiomics data in integrative models of treatment response and provide methods for developing new biomarker-based clinical trials of NACT in HGSOC.

Abstract The crystallite size of the materials considerably influences the material properties, including their compressibility and resistance to external forces and the stability of the crystalline structure; a corresponding study for which, so far, has been limited for the important class of nanocrystalline Rare Earth Sesquioxides (REOs). In the present study, we report the crystallographic structural transitions in nanocrystalline Rare Earth Oxides (REOs) under the influence of pressure, investigated via high-energy X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) measurements. The study has been carried out on three of the REOs, namely Lutetium oxide (Lu2O3), Thulium oxide (Tm2O3) and Europium oxide (Eu2O3) up to the pressures of 33, 22 and 11 GPa, respectively. The diffraction data of Lu2O3 and Tm2O3 suggests the occurrence of irreversible structural transitions from cubic to monoclinic phase, while Eu2O3 showed a transition from the cubic to hexagonal phase. The transitions were found to be accompanied by a collapse in the volume and the resulting Pressure–Volume (P–V) graphs are fitted with the 3rd order Birch-Murnaghan (BM) equation of state (EOS) to estimate the bulk moduli and their pressure derivatives. Our study establishes a qualitative relationship between the crystallite size and various material properties such as the lattice parameters, transition pressure, bulk modulus etc., and strengthens the knowledge regarding the behaviour of this technologically important class of materials.

Many chemotherapeutics drugs have low water solubility, which potentially can decrease their anticancer potential. The use of drug delivery systems has proven to be highly effective in addressing the challenges associated with delivering hydrophobic chemotherapy drugs to tumor tissues. However, two major issues that arise in the clinical nanoparticle-based treatment of cancer are hepatotoxicity and suppression of the hematopoietic system, which can limit their medical applicability. As previously established, thiazole derivative N-(5-benzyl-1,3-thiazol-2-yl)-3,5-dimethyl-1-benzofuran-2-carboxamide in complex with polymeric nanocarriers (nanomicelles) based on polyethylene glycol exhibited a greater level of cytotoxicity towards specific tumor cell lines melanoma, glioblastoma, hepatocarcinoma, leukemia, etc. This compound and its complexes with polymeric nanomicelle significantly changed the activity of antioxidant enzymes in lymphoma cells. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the impact of a thiazole derivative with polymeric nanomicelles based on polyethylene glycol on the hepatocytes (liver cells) of mice that had been implanted with Nemet-Kelner lymphoma. The investigated compounds thiazole derivative, polymeric nanomicelle, and combination of thiazole derivative with nanomicelle at a final concentration of 10 μM were added to the liver samples and incubated for 10 min. The activity of antioxidant defense system enzymes such as superoxiddismutase, catalase, glutathionperoxidase was determined in liver homogenate under the action of studied compounds in vitro. It was reported that neither thiazole derivative, nanomicelle, nor their complex changed the activity of antioxidant enzymes in hepatocytes from mice with lymphoma. Thiazole derivative and it complex with nanomicelle had limited negative side effects in the mice with lymphoma. The investigated compounds were not hepatotoxic toward murine liver cells.

The success of a research is highly dependent on the method adopted, especially research related to dangerous and expensive matters which will certainly require special handling in the development or maintenance steps. One of them is research related to space technology such as aviation and rocketry technology, which is very dependent on the design model of the flying vehicle and, in general, will always use simulation to ensure that the entire system being built is carried out safely and can be implemented properly according to plan. In the development of the prototype flying vehicle, especially the development of the avionics and flight control system, the vehicle will go through sequential simulation steps from Software in the Loop Simulation (SILS), Hardware in the Loop Simulation (HILS), and Ready-to-Fly System (RTFS). In this paper, the simulation steps will be described with the intention of facilitating integration and testing of each sub-system being developed, testing the control strategy applied or eliminating bugs if something goes wrong. In the end, with a series of flying vehicle simulations, it can be developed quickly and cost-effectively, including saving human resources.