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Sorin Ursoniu,1 Costela Lacrimioara Serban,1 Catalina Giurgi-Oncu,2 Ioana-Alexandra Rivis,3 Adina Bucur,1 Ion Papava,2 Ana-Cristina Bredicean2,4 1Department of Functional Sciences, Discipline of Public Health, Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania; 2Department of Neuroscience, Discipline of Psychiatry, Center for Cognitive Research in Neuropsychiatric Pathology (NeuroPsy-Cog), “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania; 3Department of Neuroscience, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania; 4Psychiatry Compartment, “Dr. Victor Popescu” Emergency Military Clinical Hospital, Timisoara, RomaniaCorrespondence: Costela Lacrimioara Serban, Department of Functional Sciences, Discipline of Public Health, Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, “Victor Babes” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timisoara, Romania, Tel +40256 204 400, Fax +40256/490626, Email costela.serban@umft.roPurpose: Internet addiction is a recently recognized condition that has been linked to decreased academic performance, clinical symptoms of depression or anxiety, alongside decreased empathy levels. This study examined the validity and reliability of “the Social Media Addiction Scale - Student Form (SMAS-SF)”.Patients and Methods: The final Romanian version of the questionnaire was tested in a focus group for the understandability of each question. For confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling, a sample of 649 students was recruited. A subsample of 67 undergraduate students was used to measure reliability by Cronbach’s alpha and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).Results: A 2-step confirmatory factor analysis was used and 4 factors emerged, similar to the original questionnaire: virtual tolerance, virtual problems, virtual information, and virtual communication, showing acceptable levels of fit. The structural equation modeling measured the structural relationship between measured variables and latent constructs and acknowledged that the 4-factor model had satisfactory levels for comparative fit index (0.916) and Tucker–Lewis index (0.897), root mean square error of approximation (0.062, with 95% CI between 0.055– 0.069), and standardized root mean square residual (0.053). Values of Cronbach’s alpha = 0.817 and ICC = 0.829 for the overall 16 item questionnaire were acceptable.Conclusion: The Romanian version of the SMAS-SF is a reliable and valid tool to measure social media addiction among undergraduate medical students that may be further used in subsequent research.Keywords: Social Media Addiction Scale-Student Form, SMAS-SF, medical students, validation, social network, addiction

The mathematical study of epidemics and their management has been performed for many years, however, in the last few years, new models have been published. Public health is considered very important and has to be monitored, as it is permanently under risk due to the appearance of even more types of microorganisms. Compartmental models, such as exponential models, SI, SIS, SIR, SEIRS, SEIAR, MESIR models, other generalized SIR models were and still are remarkable for studying the spread of an epidemic and for their simulations in software such as MATLAB, Maple, GLEAMviz, etc. The paper has two main objectives: a. to present new simulations in Maple and GLEAMviz for the spread of COVID-19; b. to suggest a generalization of the SIR model for analyzing the spread of COVID-19 and a simulation of it in GLEAMviz. The conclusions are that, generally, mathematical models show a value of a reproduction threshold, which can be used to forecast whether the pandemic is the increasing or decreasing phase, and that mathematical models and simulations in various programs facilitate the improvement of methods of analysis of an epidemic situation and the management of the public health system.

The tourism industry was one of the world’s greatest markets, until the world was affected by the COVID-19 pandemic. Now, tourism managers have to carefully assess the impact of epidemics on their businesses and develop new risk management methods to cope with the crisis. The current pandemic has created an opportunity for the development of rural tourism. This study aims to present a mathematical modeling of the entropy of rural tourism in the context of COVID-19 and a differential equation verified by this entropy. The model presented in this paper reflects the entropy of the preference for this type of tourism and a differential equation that models its variation. This paper aims to offer a tool to measure uncertainty regarding this topic. The model can be generalized and applied to any epidemic. The model could be used by specialists in quality management and mathematical modeling, managers of rural tourism organizations, local authorities, to estimate the entropy regarding how rural tourism has been and is still impacted by the COVID-19. The results obtained will help policy makers take necessary strategic and operational decisions, along with maximizing the profit of the rural tourism organization as well as the safety of the tourists

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Despite the substantial impact of environmental factors, individuals with a family history of liver cancer have an increased risk for HCC. However, genetic factors have not been studied systematically by genome-wide approaches in large numbers of individuals from European descent populations (EDP). APPROACH AND RESULTS: We conducted a 2-stage genome-wide association study (GWAS) on HCC not affected by HBV infections. A total of 1872 HCC cases and 2907 controls were included in the discovery stage, and 1200 HCC cases and 1832 controls in the validation. We analyzed the discovery and validation samples separately and then conducted a meta-analysis. All analyses were conducted in the presence and absence of HCV. The liability-scale heritability was 24.4% for overall HCC. Five regions with significant ORs (95% CI) were identified for nonviral HCC: 3p22.1, MOBP , rs9842969, (0.51, [0.40-0.65]); 5p15.33, TERT , rs2242652, (0.70, (0.62-0.79]); 19q13.11, TM6SF2 , rs58542926, (1.49, [1.29-1.72]); 19p13.11 MAU2 , rs58489806, (1.53, (1.33-1.75]); and 22q13.31, PNPLA3 , rs738409, (1.66, [1.51-1.83]). One region was identified for HCV-induced HCC: 6p21.31, human leukocyte antigen DQ beta 1, rs9275224, (0.79, [0.74-0.84]). A combination of homozygous variants of PNPLA3 and TERT showing a 6.5-fold higher risk for nonviral-related HCC compared to individuals lacking these genotypes. This observation suggests that gene-gene interactions may identify individuals at elevated risk for developing HCC. CONCLUSIONS: Our GWAS highlights novel genetic susceptibility of nonviral HCC among European descent populations from North America with substantial heritability. Selected genetic influences were observed for HCV-positive HCC. Our findings indicate the importance of genetic susceptibility to HCC development.

Drought is a naturally recurring phenomenon of the climate system that affects virtually all regions of the world. During the past decades extreme droughts with extensive negative effects on ecosystems became evident also in the Danube region. At the moment regional capacity to monitor drought is still very diverse and not synchronised among different countries. In this is paper, we present a recently developed drought monitoring tool – the Drought User Service (DUS) for the Danube region using remote-sensing products which aims at offering a more accurate and in near-real-time monitoring via different drought indices. The DUS was created as the monitoring tool of the risk-based paradigm, which seeks to give information in near real-time about the location and severity of droughts throughout the Danube region. Satellite remote sensing products meet the requirements for operational monitoring because they are able to offer continuous and consistent measurements of variables, which can be used to assess the severity, spatial extent and impacts of drought. In the DUS three different variables – vegetation, soil moisture and precipitation – are monitored with earth observation products. The condition of vegetation and soil moisture is tracked with two simple indicators computed as long-term anomalies of the NDVI and SWI products made available through EU’s Copernicus Global Land Service. The importance of DUS and of the developed methods for faster detection of drought onset as useful foundation for establishing a better pro-active drought management in order to mitigate the negative effects of drought in the region is discussed.

The fixed point theory is essential to various theoretical and applied fields, such as variational and linear inequalities, the approximation theory, nonlinear analysis, integral and differential equations and inclusions, the dynamic systems theory, mathematics of fractals, mathematical economics (game theory, equilibrium problems, and optimisation problems) and mathematical modelling. This paper presents a few benchmarks regarding the applications of the fixed point theory. This paper also debates if the results of the fixed point theory can be applied to the mathematical modelling of quality.

Ovarian cancer remains the most lethal gynecological malignancy due to challenges in early detection stemming from a lack of reliable biomarkers. Despite this, various laboratory tests are commonly employed in clinical practice, some showing diagnostic and prognostic promise for ovarian cancer. This review aims to synthesize current literature to delineate the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in both the diagnosis—from laboratory tests to imaging—and treatment of ovarian cancers. Thus, the epidemiology, risk factors, pathology, screening methods, as well as the integration of AI in the diagnosis of ovarian cancer (AI based on both blood biomarkers and imaging-based ovarian cancer detection) are presented. AI and biomarkers show considerable potential in improving ovarian cancer management, but ongoing research efforts are necessary to refine these technologies and integrate them effectively into clinical practice. This approach aims to enhance diagnostic accuracy, predict patient outcomes, and ultimately improve treatment strategies for ovarian cancer patients.

Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a severe side effect of antiresorptive drugs – Bisphosphonates (BPs) and RANKL inhibitor (denosumab) – prescribed for treatment of bone malignancies and severe osteoporosis. Non-surgical treatment may be a valid option for MRONJ in patients ineligible for surgery. Published observational studies have demonstrated that a common purine derivative – pentoxifylline in combination with tocopherol are potentially useful in the nonsurgical management of MRONJ. The aim of this study was to assess the therapeutic impact and possible side effects of treatment with pentoxifylline in combination with tocopherol in patients with MRONJ. Patients were subdivided into two groups: the test group, comprising of 20 patients, underwent treatment with 800 mg pentoxifylline in combination with 1000 IU of tocopherol, whereas the other patients formed the control group. After the 6-month treatment course, the statistically significant results of our study show that treatment with pentoxifylline in association with tocopherol is efficacious for managing MRONJ nonsurgically. However, larger clinical studies are needed to optimize dose and duration. No serious adverse effects occurred.

Abstract Ovarian insufficiency is one of the common reproductive disorders affecting women with limited therapeutic aids. Mesenchymal stem cells have been investigated in such disorders before yet, the exact mechanism of MSCs in ovarian regeneration regarding their epigenetic regulation remains elusive. The current study is to investigate the role of the bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) lncRNA (Neat-1 and Hotair1) and miRNA (mir-21-5p, mir-144-5p, and mir-664-5p) in mitigating ovarian granulosa cell apoptosis as well as searching BM-MSCs in altering the expression of ovarian and hypothalamic IGF-1 – kisspeptin system in connection to HPG axis in a cyclophosphamide-induced ovarian failure rat model. Sixty mature female Sprague Dawley rats were divided into 3 equal groups; control group, premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) group, and POI + BM-MSCs. POI female rat model was established with cyclophosphamide. The result revealed that BM-MSCs and their conditioned media displayed a significant expression level of Neat-1, Hotair-1, mir-21-5p, mir-144-5p, and mir-664-5p. Moreover, BM-MSCs transplantation in POI rats improves; the ovarian and hypothalamic IGF-1 – kisspeptin, HPG axis, ovarian granulosa cell apoptosis, steroidogenesis, angiogenesis, energy balance, and oxidative stress. BM-MSCs expressed higher levels of antiapoptotic lncRNAs and microRNAs that mitigate ovarian insufficiency.

It is known that for the scientific substantiation of quality management have been applied models that pertain to mathematical statistics, the probability theory, the information theory, fuzzy systems, graphic methods, time series, and algebraic and numerical methods.

A new simple, rapid, accurate and precise High – Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) method for determination of benzylpenicillin potassium and streptomycin sulphate in Ascomicin ointment was developed and validated. The method can be used for the detection and quantification of known and unknown impurities and degradation products in this pharmaceutical product during routine analysis and also for stability studies in view of its capability to separate degradation products. The method was validated for accuracy, precision, specificity, robustness and quantification limits according to ICH Guidelines. The estimation of benzylpenicillin potassium and streptomycin sulphate was done by Waters HPLC 2695. The chromatographic conditions comprised a reverse-phased C18 column (5 µm particle size, 250 mm×4.6 mm i.d.) with a mobile phase consisting of a mixture of solution in water containing 0.025 M of sodium phosphate dibasic and 0.02 of sodium hexansulfonate adjusted to pH 6.0 with 22.5 g/lsolution of phosphoric acid and acetonitrile in gradient elution. The flow rate was 0.8 ml/min. Standard curves were linear over the concentration range of 5.00 µg/ml to 5.00 mg/ml for streptomycin sulphate and 3.26 µg/ml to 3.26 mg/ml for benzylpenicillin potassium. Statistical analyses proved the method was precise, reproducible, selective, specific and accurate for analysis of benzylpenicillin potassium, streptomycin sulphate and related substances.

The objective of the work is the design and simulation of a flexible manufacturing structure with two robots, integrated in a welding application, using the Roboguide software. FANUC ROBOGUIDE is a robot simulator that simulates both the movement of the robots and the commands from the designed application, significantly reducing the time needed to create new motion configurations.The possibility to import the CAD models of the components, of the fixing devices and of the final effectors of the robots integrated into the designed application, allows the creation and evaluation of various structures. Automatic program generation simplifies manual programming operations. ROBOGUIDE allows pre-programming of robots before they are installed in a cell, as well as visualization and confirmation of robot trajectories before downloading the programs to the real robot.

Stefana Bucur,1,2 Elena-Daniela Serban,1 Bogdan Vasile Ileanu,3 Raluca Simona Costache,4,5 Alin Codrut Nicolescu,6 Traian Constantin,7,8 Daniel Octavian Costache,1,9 Maria-Magdalena Constantin1,2 1 2nd Department of Dermatology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania; 2 2nd Department of Dermatology, Colentina Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, Romania; 3Center for Health Outcomes and Evaluation, Bucharest, Romania; 4Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania; 5Department of Gastroenterology, Central Military Emergency University Hospital “Dr. Carol Davila”, Bucharest, Romania; 6Department of Dermatology, “Agrippa Ionescu” Emergency Clinical Hospital, Bucharest, 011773, Romania; 7Department of Urology, “Carol Davila” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania; 8Department of Urology, “Prof. Dr. Theodor Burghele” Hospital, Bucharest, 050659, Romania; 9Department of Dermatology, Central Military Emergency University Hospital “Dr. Carol Davila”, Bucharest, RomaniaCorrespondence: Elena-Daniela Serban, 37 Dionisie Lupu Street, Bucharest, 020021, Romania, Email elena-daniela.serban@drd.umfcd.roPurpose: Multiple biological therapies have been developed for the treatment of inflammatory diseases, including moderate to severe plaque psoriasis. Choosing the optimal treatment for psoriasis can depend on several factors and is strongly influenced by a drug’s efficacy and safety profile. Continuous treatment with biological therapies is recommended to achieve effective disease management in patients with psoriasis. However, in real-world, patients often discontinue biologic therapy within the first year of treatment. Therefore, in this study, we aimed to investigate the effectiveness and drug survival of two anti-interleukin 17 agents (ixekizumab and secukinumab) in a group of adult patients with moderate to severe psoriasis from Bucharest, Romania.Patients and Methods: We designed an observational, non-interventional, retrospective study of 255 adult patients with moderate to severe psoriasis receiving ixekizumab and secukinumab. We performed descriptive statistics and inferential methods, such as z-test, median test and Kaplan Meier curve comparison, to characterize the groups with two biological treatments.Results: Patients treated with ixekizumab had a longer drug survival compared to those treated with secukinumab with lower risks of non-persistence, discontinuation and switching therapy. Patients age-groups and psoriasis durations found to be significant factors in drug survival.Conclusion: This study contributes to the understanding of the drug survival profile and the factors that may influence it in ixekizumab and secukinumab treatment in a real-world setting.Keywords: anti-IL-17 effectiveness, anti-IL-17 drug survival, ixekizumab, secukinumab

Abstract N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) and N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA), group 2A carcinogens, were detected in finished drug products, including metformin, ranitidine, sartans and other drugs which caused multiple recalls in the USA and Europe. Important studies also reported the formation of NDMA when ranitidine and nitrite were added to simulated gastric fluid. Our objective was to screen finished drug products from Europe and USA for nitrosamine impurities and investigate the formation of NDMA in metformin finished drug products when added to simulated gastric fluid. One dosage unit of 30 different commercially available drugs, including metformin, sartans, and ranitidine were tested for NDMA, NDEA, and dimethylformamide (DMF) impurities, using a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC–MS) method. Then, 6 metformin finished drug products were tested in stomach conditions for 2 h at 37 °C in a 100 mL solution with a pH of 2.5 and different nitrite concentrations (40, 10, 1, 0.1 mM) and tested for NDMA, and DMF using LC–MS. We measured NDMA, NDEA, and DMF in 30 finished drug products. NDMA and DMF were quantified for metformin drug products in simulated gastric fluid with different nitrite concentrations. None of the 30 drugs showed concerning levels of NDMA, NDEA, or DMF when tested as single tablets. However, when metformin tablets are added to simulated gastric fluid solutions with high nitrite concentrations (40 mM and 10 mM), NDMA can reach amounts of thousands of nanograms per tablet. At the closest concentration to physiologic conditions we used, 1 mM, NDMA is still present in the hundreds of nanograms in some metformin products. In this in vitro study, nitrite concentration had a very important effect on NDMA quantification in metformin tablets added to simulated gastric fluid. 1 mM nitrite caused an increase above the acceptable daily intake set by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for some of the metformin drugs. 10 mM, 40 mM nitrite solutions generated NDMA amounts exceeding by more than a hundred times the acceptable daily intake set by the FDA of 96 nanograms. These findings suggest that metformin can react with nitrite in gastric-like conditions and generate NDMA. Thus, patients taking metformin could be exposed to NDMA when high nitrite levels are present in their stomach, and we recommend including a statement within the Patient Package Inserts/Instructions for use.

Aim of the study: to evaluate a reliable and user-friendly index to predict the surgical difficulty of the extractions of mesioangular impacted mandibular third molars. Material and method: Our retrospective study included 237 patients aged 16 to 40 years, with an average of 27.3. The patients were categorized into three different age groups, under 20 years, between 20 and 30 years, and between 30 and 40 years. Depending on the values of the angle of the long axis of the lower third molar with the axis of the mandibular canal we divided the cases into three groups: the first with an angle of 0°-30°, the second with an angle between 30°-60° and the last with values between 60°-90°. Another studied parameter was the operating time. Results: There were 67 patients under 20 years old (28.3%), 113 between 20 and 30 (47.7%), and (24%) between 30 and 40. 35% of the group were men, while 65% were women. The chi-square test showed a negative correlation between the duration of the surgical intervention and the molar angulation (p=0.049). There was no statistically significant correlation between the duration of the extraction and the age of the patients (p=0.941).Conclusion: Based on the results of our study, we can propose a larger one to confirm the findings of your research.

Zirconia (ZrO2) is a biocompatible ceramic material which is successfully used in medicine to cover the metallic implants by various methods. In order to avoid the inconvenients related to structural changes which may appear because of the temperature treatment while depositing the zirconia layer over the metallic implant, certain oxides are added, the most used being Y2O3, MgO and CaO. This paper presents the experimental results regarding the deposition of yttria (Y2O3) and magnesia (MgO) partially stabilized zirconia layers onto titanium alloy substrate by plasma spraying method. X ray diffraction investigations carried out both on the initial powders and the coatings evidenced the fact that during the thermal spraying process the structure has not been significantly modified, consisting primarily of zirconium oxide with tetragonal structure. Electronic microscopy analyses show that the coatings are dense, uniform and cracks-free. Adherence tests performed on samples whose thickness ranges between 160 and 220 μm showed that the highest value (23.5 MPa) was obtained for the coating of ZrO2 - 8 wt. % Y2O3 with 160 μm thickness. The roughness values present an increasing tendency with increasing the coatings thickness.

Background Dual inhibition using anti-programmed death-1 (PD-1) and anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) checkpoint inhibitors has proven effective in many cancers. However, its efficacy in rare solid cancers remains unclear. Desmoid tumors are ultrarare soft-tissue tumors, traditionally treated with surgery. This study reviews the first results of using ipilimumab and nivolumab in the desmoid tumor cohort of the SWOG S1609 Dual Anti-CTLA-4 & Anti-PD-1 blockade in Rare Tumors (DART) trial.Methods DART is a prospective/open-label/multicenter (1,016 US sites)/multicohort phase II trial of ipilimumab (1 mg/kg intravenously every 6 weeks) plus nivolumab (240 mg intravenously every 2 weeks) that opened at 1,016 US sites. The primary endpoint included overall response rate (ORR) defined as confirmed complete (CR) and partial responses (PR) based on Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (RECIST) v.1.1. Secondary endpoints include progression-free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), clinical benefit rate (CBR; stable disease (SD) ≥6 months plus CR and PR) and toxicity.Results Sixteen evaluable patients (median age: 37) with desmoid tumors and a median of 1.5 prior therapies (with no prior exposure to immunotherapy) were analyzed. The tumors varied in location (eight abdomen, three lower limb, two upper limb, two pelvis, and one neck). ORR was 18.8% (3/16; 3 confirmed PR): 40% regression (PFS 30+ months), 83% regression (PFS 16 months) and 71% regression (PFS 8.4 months). Seven additional patients (43.8%) had prolonged SD over 6 months (PFS: 16.5, 22.4+, 22.6, 30.1, 38.2+, 48.3+ and 60.7+ months). Overall CBR was 62.5% (10/16). Median PFS was 19.4 months, with 6-month PFS of 73% and 1-year PFS of 67%. All patients were alive at 1 year; median OS was not assessable, as 13 patients were alive at analysis. Common adverse events included fatigue, nausea and hypothyroidism, with 50% experiencing grade 3–4 events. There were no grade 5 events.Conclusion Treatment with ipilimumab and nivolumab in desmoid tumors yielded an ORR of 18.8% and a CBR of 62.5% with durable responses seen. This is the first prospective study exploring the efficacy of this combination in this rare disease. Ongoing studies aim to identify markers for response and resistance. Expanded trials are necessary.Trial registration number NCT02834013.

IntroductionThis study explores whether high alexithymia values correlate with low levels of empathy, while also trying to identify potential connections with social media addiction.MethodsWe hypothesized that alexithymia mediates the relationship between social media addiction and empathy levels in a sample of undergraduate students. The study population consisted of 649 medical students in the 4th/5th/6th University year, recruited between March and May 2021. For this assessment, we employed three psychometric instruments: the Toronto Empathy Questionnaire (TEQ), the Social Media Addiction Scale-Student Form (SMAS-SF), and the Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS-20). A pathway analysis investigated alexithymia as a mediator between social media addiction and the degree of empathy in medical undergraduates. Sobel’s test and the Baron and Kenny approach were used for testing mediation.ResultsThe TEQ total mean score was 48.76 ± 5.65, while the TAS-20 total mean score was 47.71 ± 11.49. Further analysis of the TAS-20 scale scores showed that 21.42% of students had possible alexithymia, while 14.02% had clear alexithymia. The SMAS-SF total mean score was 73.20 ± 14.59. None of the students reported levels consistent with major social media addiction. The mediated effect of the TAS-20 is about 1.3 times larger than the direct effect of the SMAS-SF on TEQ.DiscussionWe found a significant negative correlation between empathy and alexithymia in medical students. Alexithymia was a mediator between social media addiction and empathy. Therefore, we recommend further efforts to identify potential levels of alexithymia in medical students, in order to successfully develop tailored interventions aimed at increasing their emotional awareness.

In the light of the new Education Act dedicated to preuniversity education that came into force in Romania in 2023, prospective teachers are to be offered two alternative pathways to enter their profession: a twelvemonth or eighteen-month master’s degree. Timewise, those determined to embrace the teaching career will have to comply with these provisions starting with the 2027-2028 school year. Considering these specific regulations belonging to the recent legal framework governing education in Romania, our paper aims at investigating the advantages and disadvantages of the options given to future teachers, so as to tentatively predict whether past obstacles might be overcome. By briefly outlining both the tendencies and realities of initial teacher education at international and European levels and by presenting the evolution of initial teacher education in Romania in the post-communist era, we lay the basis for our small-scale investigation. The responses of our interviewees (school inspectors, school principals, experienced teachers, academics) point not only to the imminent threats and inherent weaknesses, but also to the long-term prospects of this educational reform, as professionalising the teaching industry advances the profession as a whole and goes a long way to create better opportunities for student success.

Abstract We propose a novel model-selection method for dynamic networks. Our approach involves training a classifier on a large body of synthetic network data. The data is generated by simulating nine state-of-the-art random graph models for dynamic networks, with parameter range chosen to ensure exponential growth of the network size in time. We design a conceptually novel type of dynamic features that count new links received by a group of vertices in a particular time interval. The proposed features are easy to compute, analytically tractable, and interpretable. Our approach achieves a near-perfect classification of synthetic networks, exceeding the state-of-the-art by a large margin. Applying our classification method to real-world citation networks gives credibility to the claims in the literature that models with preferential attachment, fitness and aging fit real-world citation networks best, although sometimes, the predicted model does not involve vertex fitness.

The foundation of a healthy Single Market is represented by a strong trade policy. Over the years that shaped the European Union as it is known today, European trade policy had to adjust to new tendencies regarding economic growth, free trade and respecting new regulations set in place by the new wave of green economy. The European Union’s (EU) Green Deal is the main new growth strategy to transition the EU economy to a sustainable economic model. Being green, mindful of the carbon neutrality challenges the trade policy and pushes the law makers and other entities to take serious action. The European Green Deal aims to boost the efficient use of resources by moving to a clean, circular economy and stop climate change, revert biodiversity loss and cut pollution. One of the most important challenges faced by the European Union’s trade policy represents its alignment with the imperatives of environmental sustainability and Green Deal. Focusing on trading partners around the world, the study assesses the impact of EU trade policy on the adoption of initiatives to promote environmental protection, decent working conditions, ecolabelling, and sustainable marketing of natural resources. Considering trade agreements as tools to promote sustainable development goals and emphasizing the need for coherence between trade policy and environmental commitments, this article will use explanatory graphs and data collected from the European Commission and others to demonstrate the need for a common framework to contribute to achieving the Paris Agreement's environmental, economic and social sustainability goals.