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1. Tooth morphometry using quasi-conformal theory

Author

Choi, Gary P. T., Chan, Hei Long, Yong, Robin, Ranjitkar, Sarbin, Brook, Alan, Townsend, Grant, Chen, Ke, and Lui, Lok Ming

Subjects
Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, Computer Science - Computational Geometry, Quantitative Biology - Quantitative Methods
Abstract

Shape analysis is important in anthropology, bioarchaeology and forensic science for interpreting useful information from human remains. In particular, teeth are morphologically stable and hence well-suited for shape analysis. In this work, we propose a framework for tooth morphometry using quasi-conformal theory. Landmark-matching Teichm\"uller maps are used for establishing a 1-1 correspondence between tooth surfaces with prescribed anatomical landmarks. Then, a quasi-conformal statistical shape analysis model based on the Teichm\"uller mapping results is proposed for building a tooth classification scheme. We deploy our framework on a dataset of human premolars to analyze the tooth shape variation among genders and ancestries. Experimental results show that our method achieves much higher classification accuracy with respect to both gender and ancestry when compared to the existing methods. Furthermore, our model reveals the underlying tooth shape difference between different genders and ancestries in terms of the local geometric distortion and curvatures.

Published
2019
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5. Association of GSTTI, M1 and Polymorphism in GSTPI with Chronic Periodontal Disease in a Pakistani Population

Author

Arshad, Kainat, primary, Ishfaq, Uzma, additional, Asif, Muhammad, additional, Akbar, Atif, additional, Pitafi, Kehkashan Fatima, additional, Mulghani, Muhammad Rehan, additional, Shaheen, Uzman, additional, Saeed, Suleman, additional, Arif, Muhammad, additional, Bashir, Ahsan, additional, Farooq, Muhammad, additional, Brook, Alan Henry, additional, and Iqbal, Furhan, additional

Published
2023
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6. The Oral Health of a Group of 19th Century South Australian Settlers in Relation to Their General Health and Compared with That of Contemporaneous Samples

Author

Gurr, Angela; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9097-9130, Henneberg, Maciej; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1941-2286, Kumaratilake, Jaliya, Lerche, Derek, Richards, Lindsay, Brook, Alan Henry, Gurr, Angela; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9097-9130, Henneberg, Maciej; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1941-2286, Kumaratilake, Jaliya, Lerche, Derek, Richards, Lindsay, and Brook, Alan Henry

Abstract

The aims of this study are to determine the oral health status of a rare sample of 19th-century migrant settlers to South Australia, how oral conditions may have influenced their general health, and how the oral health of this group compares with contemporaneous samples in Australia, New Zealand, and Britain. Dentitions of 18 adults and 22 subadults were investigated using non-destructive methods (micro-CT, macroscopic, radiographic). Extensive carious lesions were identified in seventeen adults and four subadults, and from this group one subadult and sixteen adults had antemortem tooth loss. Sixteen adults showed evidence of periodontal disease. Enamel hypoplastic (EH) defects were identified in fourteen adults and nine subadults. Many individuals with dental defects also had skeletal signs of comorbidities. South Australian individuals had the same percentage of carious lesions as the British sample (53%), more than other historic Australian samples, but less than a contemporary New Zealand sample. Over 50% of individuals from all the historic cemeteries had EH defects, suggesting systemic health insults during dental development were common during the 19th century. The overall oral health of the South Australian settlers was poor but, in some categories, (tooth wear, periapical abscess, periodontal disease), better than the other historic samples.

Published
2023

7. Investigating the dentoalveolar complex in archaeological human skull specimens: Additional findings with large volume micro‐CT compared to standard methods

Author

Gurr, Angela; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9097-9130, Higgins, Denice; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7780-243X, Henneberg, Maciej, Kumaratilake, Jaliya, O'Donnell, Matthew Brook, McKinnon, Meghan, Hall, Kelly A, Brook, Alan Henry, Gurr, Angela; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9097-9130, Higgins, Denice; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7780-243X, Henneberg, Maciej, Kumaratilake, Jaliya, O'Donnell, Matthew Brook, McKinnon, Meghan, Hall, Kelly A, and Brook, Alan Henry

Abstract

Archaeological investigation of the dentoalveolar complex in situ within a human skull requires detailed measurements using non‐invasive techniques. Standard macroscopic and radiographic methods have limitations but large volume micro‐computed tomography (LV micro‐CT) scanning has the potential to acquire data at high resolution in microns. In this study, archaeological specimens are analyzed using three‐dimensional data visualization software from LV micro‐CT scans with the aims of (1) determining whether LV micro‐CT can act as a single technique to provide detailed analysis of the dentoalveolar complex and (2) how findings from the LV micro‐CT technique compare with standard methods. These aims are explored by measuring a range of human skull specimens from a rare archaeological sample requiring non‐invasive methods, for multiple dental and alveolar bone health categories. The LV micro‐CT technique was the only method to provide a full range of detailed measurements across all categories studied. A combination of macroscopic and radiographic techniques covered a number of categories, but the use of multiple methods was more time consuming, did not provide the same level of accuracy, and did not include all measurements. There were high levels of reproducibility for intra‐operator scoring and good inter‐operator agreement from four operators with one operator whose results were outliers. As a further investigation of the potential of the LV micro‐CT technique, an additional individual, a fragile, fragmented skull of an infant was studied. This investigation confirms the value of LV micro‐CT scanning as a non‐invasive, accurate, single technique for the extensive analysis of the dentoalveolar complex within archaeological skulls, which also allows the relationship of different tissues to be studied in situ.

Published
2023

12. Health effects of European colonization: An investigation of skeletal remains from 19th to early 20th century migrant settlers in South Australia

Author

Robbins Schug, Gwen, Robbins Schug, G ( Gwen ), Gurr, Angela; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9097-9130, Kumaratilake, Jaliya, Brook, Alan Henry, Ioannou, Stella, Pate, F Donald; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0238-0217, Henneberg, Maciej, Robbins Schug, Gwen, Robbins Schug, G ( Gwen ), Gurr, Angela; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9097-9130, Kumaratilake, Jaliya, Brook, Alan Henry, Ioannou, Stella, Pate, F Donald; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0238-0217, and Henneberg, Maciej

Abstract

The British colony of South Australia, established in 1836, offered a fresh start to migrants hoping for a better life. A cohort of settlers buried in a section of St Mary’s Anglican Church Cemetery (1847–1927) allocated for government funded burials was investigated to determine their health, with a focus on skeletal manifestations associated with metabolic deficiencies. Findings of St Mary’s sample were compared with those published for contemporary skeletal samples from two British cemeteries, St Martin’s, Birmingham, and St Peter’s, Wolverhampton, to explore similarities and differences. To investigate the changing economic background of the St Mary’s cohort, which may have influenced the location of their burial within the cemetery, the number and demographic profile of government funded burials and those in privately funded leased plots were compared. The study sample consisted of the skeletal remains of 65 individuals (20 adults, 45 subadults) from St Mary’s Cemetery ‘free ground’ section. The bones and teeth of individuals in this cohort showed evidence of pathological manifestations, including areas of abnormal porosity in bone cortices in 9 adults and 12 subadults and flaring of metaphyses (one subadult) and costochondral junctions of the ribs (one subadult). Porous lesions of orbital roof bones (Types 3 to 4) were seen on three subadults. Macroscopic examination of teeth identified enamel hypoplastic defects and micro-CT scans showed areas of interglobular dentine. Comparison of St Mary’s findings with the British samples revealed that prevalences of manifestations associated with vitamin C deficiency were higher at St Mary’s and manifestations associated with vitamin D deficiency were lower respectively. The location of burial pattern at St Mary’s Cemetery, from the mid-1840s to1860s, showed differences in the economic status of migrants. This pattern changed from the 1870s, which reflected improvements in the local economy and the economic recovery of t

Published
2022

15. Studies on freshwater phytoplankton, with special reference to the Desmidiaceae

Author

Brook, Alan J.

Abstract

The papers submitted herewith relate to personal researches on various aspects of the biology of phytoplankton principally in Scottish freshwater lochs but also of the river plankton in the White and Blue Niles in the Sudan. The latter studies were conducted as part of a programme of work on the fundamental hydrobiology of the Nile initiated by Dr. J. Rzoska and the author, who together inaugurated the Nile Hydrobiological Research Unit. An introduction to this work is the systematic account of the algal plankton of both rivers (1) and is based on collections made between 1949 and 1952 from the Blue Nile at Khartoum and from many places between Khartoum and the Sudd region on the White Nile. Some of the effects, on the river's plankton and hydro -chemistry, of impounding water above the Gebel Aulyia Dam on the White Nile, south of Khartoum, were studied by taking a succession of samples from the Dam upstream for 325 Km (2). It was found that the plankton showed a numerical increase of more than 100 -fold, the increase being; associated with the change from river -to lake -like conditions as the Dam was approached. The seasonal development of the plankton in the White and Blue Nile has also been investigated (3). This study was based on regular samples collected over a period of three years, from 1951 -53, and indicates that although regular annual fluctuations in plankton density occur in both rivers, their peaks do not coincide but show a marked dependance on the specific hydrological regimes of the two rivers, which are briefly summarised. Related to these studies on Nile algae are some observations on the ecology of the terrestrial alga, Fritschiella tuberosa which makes a seasonal appearance on drying mud on the banks of the Blue Nile (4.). Some details of the exacting environmental conditions under which this alga grows are presented. A comprehensive survey and bibliography of the literature relating to the freshwater algae of Africa has also been compiled (5). The papers on the phytoplankton of Scottish freshwater lochs have been assigned to three categories. These relate to studies: - I. On water replacement in relation toe plankton productivity (6). Here it has been shown that water inflow and outflow in small lakes may be a factor of over -riding importance in determining the abundance of plankton. This study is related to the observations made on the White Nile plankton at the Jebel Aulyia Dam (2). II. On the effects on the phytoplankton of addin mineral fertilizers to hill lochs (7 & 8), These studies which are contributions towards investigations of the factors affecting the biological productivity of Scottish freshwaters, show that quite small additions of phosphate produce quite profound and prolonged effects on the phytoplankton of the treated lochs. Also bearing on this work are observations made on the aquatic fauna as an ecological factor in studies of the occurrence of freshwater algae (9). During the course of all these investigations the phytoplankton of many lochs were examined and observations made on this somewhat neglected aspect of Scottish vegetation. These have been published in a series of short papers (10 -14). III. On the desmid- plankton which is especially prominent in many Scottish lochs (15=22). This aspect of phytoplankton research was begun in an attempt to use plankton algae as indications of the trophic status of lakes (15 & 16). It was found, however, that the taxonomy of the most commonly occurring genus, Staurastrum, was so confused that before any real progress could be achieved a detailed reinvestigation would have to be made of many of the supposedly well established, commonly occurring species. Most prominent amongst these were S. paradoxum and S. gracile, species which, according to the literature are amongst the most widespread of plankton organisms not only in the British Isles and Europe, but throughout the world. An attempt has therefore been made to rationalize the taxonomy of these two supposedly cosmopolitan species (17 - 21). Studies have also been made on other desmids from the British freshwater plankton again with special reference to the genus Staurastrum (22 - 25). PUBLISHED PAPERS:- (01) A systematic account of the phytoplankton of the Blue and White Nile. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist. Ser. 12, vol. 7, 195+, 648 -656. || (02) The influence of the Gebel Aulyia Dam on the development of Nile plankton. J. Animal Ecol., 23, 1954, 101 -111+. (with J. Rzoska). || (03) Seasonal plankton development in the White and Blue Nile near Khartoum. Verh. int. Ver. Limnol., 12, 1955, 327 -331+. (with J. Rzoska, and G.A. Prows. || (04) On the ecology of the terrestrial alga, Fritschiella tuberosa, in the Sudan. New Phytol., 56, 1956, 130 -132. || (05) A bibliography of African freshwater algae. Rev. Algol. 1957, 207 -238. (with Ross, Kufferath & Sims). || (06) Some observations on the effects of water inflow and outflow on the plankton of small lakes. J. Animal Ecol., 22, 1956, 22 -35. (with W.B. Woodward). || (07) Fertilization experiments on Scottish freshwater lochs. I. Loch Kinardochy. Sci. Invest. Freshwat. Fish. Scot. 17, 1957, 30 pp. (with A.V. Holden). || (08) Changes in the phytoplankton of some Scottish hill lochs resulting from their artificial enrichment. Verh. internat. Ver. Limnol. XIII, 1958, 298 -305. || (09) The aquatic fauna as an ecological factor in studies of the occurrence of freshwater algae. Rev. algol., (N.W.) 1, 1955, 11+1 -11+50 || (10) Notes on some uncommon algae from lochs in the Tu.mmel -Garry catchment area. Trans. bot. Soc. Edinb., 36 (3), 1954 -, 207 -211+. || (11) Notes on some uncommon algae from lochs in Kinross, Perthshire and Caithness. Trans. bot. Soc. Edinb., 1955, 309 -16. || (12) Notes on freshwater algae, mainly from lochs in Perthshire and Sutherland, Trans. bot. Soc. Edinb., IL 1957, 114 -122. || (13) Notes on algae from the plankton of some Scottish freshwater lochs. Trans. bot. Soc. Edinb., 37 (3), 1958, 174 -181. || (14) On some forms of Micrasterias new to or rare in Britain. Naturalist, Lond., April -June, 1957, 37 -39. || (15) The status of desmids in the phytoplankton and the determination of phytoplankton quotients. J. Ecol., 4-7, 1959, 429 -445. || (16) The phytoplankton of some Irish loughs and an assessment of their trophic status. Proc. Roy. Irish Acad., 60 B. (4), 1959, 167 -191. (with F.E. Round). || (17) Notes on desmids of the genus Staurastrum III. S. paradoxum Meyen in the Jenner Herbarium of the British Museum. Naturalist Lond., July -Sept. 1959, 81 -83. || (18) The published figures of the desmid Staurastrum paradoxum. Rev. Algol. 4-, 1959, 239 -255. || (19) Staurastrum paradoxum Meyen and S. gracile Ralfs in the British freshwater plankton, and a revision of the S. anatinum - group of radiate desmids. Trans. Roy. Soc. Edinb. LXIII No. 26, 1959, 589 -628. || (20) De Brebisson's determinations of Staurastrum paradoxum Meyen and S. gracile,Ralfs. Nova Hedwigia, 1(2), 1959, 163 -166. || (21) The varieties of Staurastrum paradoxum Meyen - nomen dubium. Nova Hedwigia, 1(4.), 1960, 431 -422. || (22) Notes on desmids of the genus Staurastrum I. S. pseudopelagicum, S. subcruciatum, S. avicula and S. denticulatum. Naturalist, Lond., July -Sept. 1957, 97-100. || (23) Notes on desmids of the genus Staurastrum. II. S. leptodermum, S. longispinum, S. brasiliense, S. setigerum, S. clevei and S. tohopekaligense var. trifurcata. Naturalist, Lond. July - Sept. 1958, 91 -95e || (24) Staurastrum pendulum var. pinguiforme Croasdale. S. micron, West, f. major f. nov., fac. quadrata and S. micron var. perpendiculatum (Cronblad) nov. comb., desmids new to the British freshwater plankton. Nova Hedwigia, 1(2), 157 -162, || (25) Desmids from the plankton of some Irish loughs. Froc. Royl. Irish Acad. B (6), 1958, 71 -91.

Published
1960

21. Phenotype-Genotype Correlations in Mouse Models of Amelogenesis Imperfecta Caused by Amelx and Enam Mutations

Author

Coxon, Thomas Liam, Brook, Alan Henry, Barron, Martin John, and Smith, Richard Nigel

Subjects
Original Paper, Extracellular Matrix Proteins, Mineralization, Amelogenin, Genotype, Amelogenesis Imperfecta, Proteins, Phenotype-genotype, Mouse model, stomatognathic diseases, Mice, Phenotype, stomatognathic system, Enamel, Mutation, Animals
Abstract

Mutations in human and in mouse orthologous genes Amelx and Enam result in a diverse range of enamel defects. In this study we aimed to investigate the phenotype-genotype correlation between the mutants and the wild-type controls in mouse models of amelogenesis imperfecta using novel measurement approaches. Ten hemi-mandibles and incisors were dissected from each group of Amelx(WT), Amelx(X/Y64H), Amelx(Y/Y64H), Amelx(Y64H/Y64H), and Enam(WT), Enam(Rgsc395) heterozygous and Enam(Rgsc395) homozygous mice. Their macro-morphology, colour and micro-topography were assessed using bespoke 2D and 3D image analysis systems and customized colour and whiteness algorithms. The novel methods identified significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) between the Amelx groups for mandible and incisor size and enamel colour and between the Enam groups for incisor size and enamel colour. The Amelx(WT) mice had the largest mandibles and incisors, followed in descending order of size by the Amelx(X/Y64H), Amelx(Y/Y64H) and Amelx(Y64H/Y64H) mice. Within the Enam groups the Enam(WT) incisors were largest and the Enam(Rgsc395) heterozygous mice were smallest. The effect on tooth morphology was also reflected by the severity of the enamel defects in the colour and whiteness assessment. Amelogenin affected mandible morphology and incisor enamel formation, while enamelin only affected incisors, supporting the multifunctional role of amelogenin. The enamelin mutation was associated with earlier forming enamel defects. The study supported the critical involvement of amelogenin and enamelin in enamel mineralization.

Published
2012

23. Using Complexity and Network Concepts to Inform Healthcare Knowledge Translation.

Author

Kitson, Alison, Brook, Alan, Harvey, Gill, Jordan, Zoe, Marshall, Rhianon, O'Shea, Rebekah, and Wilson, David

Subjects
SUSTAINABILITY, PUBLIC health
Abstract

Many representations of the movement of healthcare knowledge through society exist, and multiple models for the translation of evidence into policy and practice have been articulated. Most are linear or cyclical and very few come close to reflecting the dense and intricate relationships, systems and politics of organizations and the processes required to enact sustainable improvements. We illustrate how using complexity and network concepts can better inform knowledge translation (KT) and argue that changing the way we think and talk about KT could enhance the creation and movement of knowledge throughout those systems needing to develop and utilise it. From our theoretical refinement, we propose that KT is a complex network composed of five interdependent sub-networks, or clusters, of key processes (problem identification [PI], knowledge creation [KC], knowledge synthesis [KS], implementation [I], and evaluation [E]) that interact dynamically in different ways at different times across one or more sectors (community; health; government; education; research for example). We call this the KT Complexity Network, defined as a network that optimises the effective, appropriate and timely creation and movement of knowledge to those who need it in order to improve what they do. Activation within and throughout any one of these processes and systems depends upon the agents promoting the change, successfully working across and between multiple systems and clusters. The case is presented for moving to a way of thinking about KT using complexity and network concepts. This extends the thinking that is developing around integrated KT approaches. There are a number of policy and practice implications that need to be considered in light of this shift in thinking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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26. Keith Stirling : An introduction to his life and examination of his music

Author

Ayrton, Brook Alan

Subjects
History and criticism of Australian jazz, Stirling, Keith, jazz trumpet, Improvisation, Jazz, jazz musicians Australian, Jazz methods, Australian Jazz
Abstract

This study introduces the life and examines the music of Australian jazz trumpeter Keith Stirling (1938-2003). The paper discusses the importance and position of Stirling in the jazz culture of Australian music, introducing key concepts that were influential not only to the development of Australian jazz but also in his life. Subsequently, a discussion of Stirling’s metaphoric tendencies provides an understanding of his philosophical perspectives toward improvisation as an art form. Thereafter, a discourse of the research methodology that was used and the resources that were collected throughout the study introduce a control group of transcriptions. These transcriptions provide an origin of phrases with which to discuss aspects of Stirling’s improvisational style. Instrumental approaches and harmonic concepts are then discussed and exemplified through the analysis of the transcribed phrases. Stirling’s instrumental techniques and harmonic concepts are examined by means of his own and student’s hand written notes and quotes from lesson recordings that took place in the early 1980s.

Published
2011

30. The new British Freshwater Algal Flora

Author

John, David, Whitton, Brian, and Brook, Alan

Subjects
Ecology, Algae, Identification keys, Encyclopaedias, Limnology, British Isles, Taxonomy
Abstract

This brief article provides some of the background to the publication of The Freshwater Algal Flora of the British Isles (John et al. 2002). This publication updates West and Fritsch's A Treatise on British Freshwater Algae (2nd edition) which was published in 1927. Taxonomic experts on the major freshwater algal groups were approached and almost all agreed to collaborate. The book which has taken more than 10 years to complete is illustrated with over 2000 line drawings and there are 20 half tone plates.

Published
2002

31. Phylum chrysophyta (Golden Algae)

Author

John, David M., Whitton, Brian A., Brook, Alan J., Kristiansen, Jørgen, Preisig, Hans R., John, David M., Whitton, Brian A., Brook, Alan J., Kristiansen, Jørgen, and Preisig, Hans R.

Published
2011

33. Book reviews

Author

Beu, Alan, primary, Brook, Alan J., additional, and Hicks, Geoffrey R. F., additional

Published
1995
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34. The attached algal flora of slow sand filter beds of waterworks

Author

Brook, Alan J.

Abstract

1.The paper presents the results of an investigation of the attached algal flora, as estimated by the growths on slides, of the slow sand filter-beds of the Whittle Dene Waterworks, Northumberland.2.The flora consists largely of filamentous and attached diatoms and Chaetophoraceae and shows marked seasonal differences in composition and abundance. Then community is compared with that of rivers.3.The factors influencing seasonal differences, colonisation, and succession are examined.4.Differences in the attached flora of beds which have been in operation for different lengths of time are considered in relation to the aquatic fauna.

Published
1955
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36. Mild hypodontia is associated with reduced tooth dimensions and cusp numbers compared to controls in a Romanian sample.

Author

Kerekes-Máthé, Bernadette, Brook, Alan, Krisztina Mártha, Krisztina, Székely, Melinda, and Smith, Richard N.

Subjects
*HYPODONTIA, *DENTITION, *DENTAL maturity, *DENTAL pathology, *SKULL morphology, *DENTAL enamel, *DENTAL anthropology
Abstract

The associations seen clinically between variations in tooth number, size and shape reflect the repetitive genetic interactions occurring between the epithelium and mesenchyme during the initiation and morphogenetic stages of dental development. The aim of this study was to investigate this relationship further by comparing multiple crown parameters, including cusp numbers, between patients with mild hypodontia and controls. Digital images of dental casts of the permanent dentition from 28 Romanian subjects with mild hypodontia and 28 controls were used. Measurements of the vestibular and occlusal surfaces were performed using a 2D image analysis method. Seven dimensions were measured (mesio-distal, occluso-gingival, bucco-lingual, vestibular perimeter, vestibular area, occlusal perimeter and occlusal area) and cusps on premolars and first molars were counted. Multivariate analysis of variance was performed using SPSS V17 software. The results showed teeth in the hypodontia group were smaller than those of controls, with many measurements being significantly different (significance values varied from p=0.048 to p=0.0001). Lower first incisors and upper first premolar teeth presented the most reduced dimensions. Mesio-distal, bucco-lingual and occlusal area and perimeter dimensions were the most affected. Upper first molars presented the Carabelli trait in significantly less subjects in the hypodontia group than in controls. This variation was accompanied by a difference in tooth height. Lower premolars showed reduced cusp numbers in hypodontia subjects, accompanied by variation in tooth width or depth. In conclusion, this study demonstrated differences in multiple parameters of crown size and shape in patients with mild hypodontia compared to controls. The degree of these differences varied between different tooth types and dimensions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2014

39. Is tooth size altered in opposite-sex dizygotic twin pairs, reflecting possible hormone diffusion in utero?

Author

Ribeiro, D. C., Sampson, W., Hughes, Toby, Brook, Alan, and Townsend, Grant

Abstract

Studies in rodents and humans have suggested that masculinisation of females and feminisation of males can occur between fetuses in utero due to hormonal diffusion. Opposite-sex twin pairs provide a useful model to study the effects of prenatal hormone diffusion on tooth size. The aim of this study is to determine whether primary and permanent tooth size is altered in females and/or males from opposite-sex dizygotic (OSDZ) twin pairs compared with same-sex monozygotic (SSMZ) or dizygotic (SSDZ) twins. Methods: Female sample: 44 OSDZ females, 39 SSDZ females, 52 MZ females; and male sample: 44 OSDZ males, 42 SSDZ males, 56 MZ males; aged from 4.1 to 16.5 years. Serial dental models of primary, mixed and permanent dentitions were used. Mesiodistal (MD) and buccolingual (BL) crown diameters, crown heights (CH) and intercuspal distances (IC) of upper central and lateral incisors, canines, second premolars, first and second molars and lower central and lateral incisors, canines, second premolars, first and second molars were measured to an accuracy of 0.1mm using 2D image analysis system. OSDZ females were consistently larger by approximately 1-3% in MD and BL dimensions for permanent teeth compared with other groups but CH and IC dimensions did not show the same pattern. No systematic trend was found in either dentition of the male groups. This effect may be related to circulating male hormones in utero. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2013

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