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The aim of this work was to study the phytochemical and antimicrobial activity of seagrass extracts of Halodulepinifolia on clinical isolated pathogens. Seagrass species have very potential groups producing several secondary metabolites. The bioactive potential of seagrass species viz., Halodulepinifolia occurring commonly along the Thanjavur coastal area was selected. We evaluate the phytochemical and antimicrobial potential of different extracts of Halodulepinifolia. The extract of the seagrass was tested against E.coli, B.subtilis, A.nigerand C.albicans by agar diffusion method. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of carbohydrates, reducing sugars, alkaloids, saponins, phenolic compounds and flavonoids in aqueous seagrass extract. The results of the present study conclude that the studied plant possesses broad-spectrum antimicrobial properties and may act as a potent antioxidant for biological systems susceptible to free radical-mediated reactions.

ISBN - 978-81-19140-22-0

Background: Diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) is the major concern of proper diagnosis and for effective treatment of PTB. Despite the recent advancement in diagnostic methods, the smear microscopy remains the gold standard for the diagnosis of PTB in high burden countries. Design: This study, therefore, aimed at assessing the diagnostic performance of fluorescein diacetate (FDA) and Ziehl–Neelsen (ZN) staining techniques in the diagnosis of PTB for vulnerable group of population HIV, smoker, health care workers, and malnutrition people and confirmed with Mycobacterium Growth Indicator Tube (MGIT) liquid culture to check the viability. Samples were collected from Intermediate Reference Laboratory, Karnataka, from November 2019 to March 2020. A total of 350 samples were collected and these were stained using ZN method as per National Tuberculosis Elimination Program norms and FDA method followed by liquid culture using the MGIT 960 to check for the viability of the bacilli and correlate with the results of the FDA viability staining method. Results: The study demonstrates that the sensitivity and specificity of FDA viable fluorescent staining to that of liquid MGIT culture were 98.6% and 100%, respectively, while those of ZN staining were 55.8% and 100%, respectively. Conclusion: Hence, we concluded that the FDA staining technique is a more sensitive test for checking the viability of AFB among PTB suspect, as compared to the conventional ZN-stained smear observation.

The use of energy sources for electric vehicle (EV) applications relies heavily on the power electronic interlinking and its successful control mechanism. A hybrid adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) proportional-integral (PI) based control strategy for a multi-input DC-DC converter is investigated in-depth for this purpose. At steady state, the proposed hybrid ANFIS PI controller uses the standard PI controller, and during the transient state, the ANFIS PI control strategy is used. Furthermore, the proposed control scheme aids in the tracing of a predetermined speed pattern in order to achieve total EV. A detailed simulation analysis of the proposed control strategy is carried out and its performace was compared with traditional controllers. The result indicated that the designed control strategy is reliable since it offers bidirectional power management, high gain with quick reaction, and low steady-state error. It enables rapid tracking and achieves improved dynamic response through increased flexibility and energy efficiency. The proposed scheme reduces component stress, as demonstrated by a reliability assessment using the MIL-HDBK-217F military handbook. At nominal power, the converter achieves 96.954% efficiency. An 80 W converter prototype was created and tested in the laboratory to monitor the real-time system’s response time.

The main intention of the present work is to explore the removal effectiveness of Cr+6 ions from their aqueous solutions by adsorption method using Laplap purpureus stem powder (LPSP) as a biosorbent. The most important purpose of research is to analyze the batch mode of adsorption performance such as influences of pH, the dosage of biosorbent, taction time, concentration of Cr+6 ions solution, and temperature. The data obtained from the experiment results were studied by means of both Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherm models. The pseudo-first-order and pseudosecond- order models have been analyzed to examine the kinetic models of adsorption. The adsorption isotherm models and kinetic study of analysis were divulged that an adsorption method was most favored for the Langmuir isotherm model. This investigation exhibits that the pseudo-second-order model plays an important responsibility in the adsorption mechanism to remove Cr+6 ions. The biosorbent (LPSP) has better adsorption ability and also the removal of competence for Cr+6 ions from its aqueous solution.

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The effects of varying modulation indices on the current and voltage harmonics of an induction motor (IM) powered by a three-phase space vector pulse-width modulation (SVM) inverter are presented in this research. The effects were examined using simulation and an experimental setup. IMs can be governed by an SVM inverter drive or a phase-angle control drive for applications that require varying speeds. The analysis of THD content in this study used the modulation index (MI), whose modification affects the harmonic content, and voltage-oriented control (VOC) with SVM in three-phase pulse-width modulation (PWM) inverters with fixed switching frequencies. The control technique relies on two cascaded feedback loops, one controlling the grid current and the other regulating the dc-link voltage to maintain the required level of dc-bus voltage. The control strategy was developed to transform between stationary (α–β) and synchronously rotating (d–q) coordinate systems. To test the viability of the suggested control technique, a 1-hp/3-phase/415-V experimental prototype system built on the DSPACE DS1104 platform was created, and the outcomes were evaluated with sinusoidal pulse-width modulation (SPWM).

Acromegalomma quadrioculatum (Willey, 1905) (Figures 2 (a–), 3(a–f), 4(a–g)) Branchiomma quadrioculatum Willey, 1905: 307, pl. 7, figs 168–169. Megalomma quadrioculatum.– Cantone 1976: 249, 253 (text plus table). – Cantone 1982: 134–135, 137 (throughout text and table). – Cantone 1987: 78 (table). – Henschel et al. 1990: 293, 295 (table plus text). – Knight-Jones 1997: 314 (throughout text). – Lasiaka 1999: 28–29 (text plus table). – Bailey-Brock 2003: 217 (text table). – Bu-Olayan and Thomas 2005: 96–97 (text tables). – Ramalinga Kripa 2007: 48–49 (table plus text). – Tovar-Hernández and Salazar-Vallejo 2008: 1955, 1957, 1961–1962 (throughout text and table). – Capa and Murray 2009: 217–218, 223, fig. 5f (throughout text, table). – Rajasekaran and Fernando 2012: 3, 21, 15 (tables plus text), fig. 1.2 (n). – Clavijo and Fernández 2013: 11, fig. 59. – Sivaraj et al. 2014, 2015: 65, 8 (text table). – Rajasekaran 2015: 3, 21, 15 (throughout table and text). – Clavijo 2016: 65, 67 (throughout text). – Murugesan et al. 2018: 115 (text table). – Sekar et al. 2019: 5, 26 (table plus text), fig. 25a–e (not Acromegalomma; it is a member of Notaulax). Acromegalomma quadrioculatum. – Gil and Nishi 2017, 142 (throughout text). – Keppel et al. 2019: 63 (throughout text). – Cárdenas-Calle et al. 2020: 23 (text table). – Brusca 2020: 257, 326 (throughou text). – Balakrishnan and Tudu 2021: 152 (text table). –TovarHernández and Fitzhugh 2021: 761 (text table). Examined material India – Vaan Island, Gulf of Mannar, state of Tamil Nadu, district of Tuticorin, 8.841135537679804 N, 78.2219779167134 E, coral reef, seaweed and seagrass patches in sand, 0–1 m deep, 8 May 2018, 1 specimen (ZSI/ MARC / P8362). Type locality Aripu (= Arippu) Coral Reef, Sri Lanka, Gulf of Manaar, Indian Ocean, (08.78N, 79.87E; estimated geolocation fide Gil and Nishi (2017). Description Colour, body shape and size. Radiolar crown with three purplish-brown bands at the basal half of crown (Figure 3 (a)). Dorsal collar margins with two diagonal purple lines (Figure 3 (b,c)). Ventral shields whitish (Figure 3 (a, d–e)). Rest of body pale (Figure 3 (e)). Radiolar eyes purplish-brown (Figure 3 (f)). Specimen complete, depressed. Trunk 3 cm long, 0.25 cm wide. Radiolar crown. Length 0.5 cm. Radiolar lobes semicircular. Fourteen pairs of radioles. Outer radiolar surface flattened. Sub-distal compound eyes in dorsalmost and third dorsalmost pair (Figure 3 (f)). Eyes of dorsalmost radioles large, slightly spiralled with a short radiolar tip (shorter than 1/4 of ocular diameter) (Figure 4 (a)). Eyes from third dorsalmost radiolar pair shorter than those present in dorsalmost radioles, spherical with short radiolar tips. Dorsal lips and ventral lips not examined. Peristomium. Anterior peristomial ring partially exposed dorsally. Caruncle present, short, triangular, 1/2 as long as second thoracic segment. Posterior peristomial ring collar with dorsal collar margins fused to faecal groove. Dorsal lappets absent, dorsal pockets present but not well developed. Ventral lappets short, triangular, with a mid-ventral incision reaching anterior margin of ventral shield of collar. Lateral collar margin oblique, not covering bases of radioles. Ventral sacs and ventral lateral lamellae present (Figure 3 (d)). Thorax. Chaetiger 1: notochaetae only elongate and narrowly hooded; superior row longer than inferior. Ventral shield of chaetiger 1 as long as wide, with rounded anterior margin and a short, anterior medial incision (Figure 3 (d)). Chaetigers 2–8: ventral shields rectangular, wider than long, tori not contacting shields (Figure 3 (e)). Notopodial fascicles with superior group of elongate, narrowly hooded chaetae; inferior groups of chaetae Type B (with progressively tapering distal tip) (Figure 4 (b)). Uncini with main fang surmounted by several rows of numerous minute teeth; dentition covering half of main fang length, handles 2 times longer than main fang (Figure 4 (d)). Companion chaetae with teardrop-shaped membranes (Figure 4 (e)). Interramal eyespots absent. Abdomen. Segments: 132. Neurochaetae narrowly hooded (Figure 4 (c)); chaetae in posterior rows longer than those in anterior rows. Uncini with main fang surmounted by several rows of teeth, dentition covering half of main fang length, handles as long as main fang (Figure 4 (f)). Interramal eyespots absent. Pygidium broadly rounded (Figure 4 (g)), presence of eyes unknown. Habitat Found embedded in dead coral masses of Acropora sp. (Figure 2 (a–)). Remarks Examined features of the specimen reviewed match the original description of A. quadrioculatum by Willey (1905) and comments by Tovar-Hernández and CarreraParra (2011). In the phylogenetic analysis by Tovar-Hernández and Carrera-Parra (2011), A. acrophthalmos (Grube, 1878) and A. quadrioculatum were nested within the same clade. Both species have a caruncle, but they can be differentiated based on the distribution of radiolar eyes: eyes in most radioles in A. acrophthalmos whereas eyes present only in dorsalmost and third dorsalmost radiolar pairs in A. quadrioculatum. Acromegalomma quadrioculatum was originally described from Aripu Coral Reef in Ceylon (Sri Lanka), but Willey (1905) does not specify whether it was collected in dead coral. In the present study, A. quadrioculatum was found in dead coral Acropora sp., and it fits the original description. Other than A. quadrioculatum, only two species of Acromegalomma have been reported from dead coral blocks, as stated in the Introduction: A. interruptum (Capa and Murray, 2009) and A. circumspectum, both reported from dead blocks of Pocillopora spp.. Perhaps Acromegalomma might be common in dead coral blocks, but as their extraction post-fixation from dead coral using hammer and chisel is difficult, their presence may be unnoticed. Acromegalomma quadrioculatum was reported from South Africa by Monro (1933, p. 504–507, figs 13–20) and Day (1967, p. 758, fig. 37.1h–o), from Guam and the Mariana islands by Bailey-Brock (1999, p. 189, 192, text plus table) and from Rio de Janeiro by Omena and Creed (2004, p. 279, table); however, all these records should be reviewed to confirm the accuracy of the identification as well as to determine whether A. quadrioculatum is endemic to the South India and Sri Lanka ecoregion or not., Published as part of Veeraiyan, Bharathidasan, Tovar-Hernández, María Ana, Palanivel, Partha Sarathy, Palanisamy, Selvaraj & Perumal, Murugesan, 2022, New records of sclerozoan fan worms in Acropora sp. from the Gulf of Mannar, south-eastern coast of India (Annelida: Sabellidae), pp. 1365-1381 in Journal of Natural History 56 (33 - 36) on pages 1367-1372, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2118640, http://zenodo.org/record/7156456, {"references":["Willey A. 1905. Report on the Polychaeta collected by Professor Herdman at Ceylon in 1902. Report to the Government of Ceylon on the Pearl Oyster fisheries of the Gulf of Manaar, Part IV. Supp Reports. 30: 243 - 324.","Cantone G. 1976. Ricerche sul litorale della Somalia. Anellidi policheti di bender mtoni e sar Uanle. Pubblicazioni del centro di studio per la faunistica ed ecologia tropicali del CNR: CXIX. Monitore Zool Ital Suppl. 8 (1): 223 - 254. doi: 10.1080 / 03749444.1976.10736838.","Cantone G. 1982. Researches on the Coast of Somalia. Polychaetous Annelids of Mogadiscio, Gesira, Bender Mtoni and Sar Uanle. Monitore Zool Ital Suppl. 16 (1): 121 - 139. doi: 10.1080 / 00269786. 1982.11758560.","Cantone G. 1987. Ricerche sul litorale della Somalia. Popolamento polichetologico delle coste Somale. Pubblicazioni del centro di studio per la faunistica ed ecologia tropicali del CNR: CCXCIX. Monitore Zool Ital Suppl. 22 (1): 73 - 85. doi: 10.1080 / 03749444.1987.10736722.","Henschel JR, Cook PA, Branch GM. 1990. The colonization of artificial substrata by marine sessile organisms in False Bay. 1. Community Dev South Afr J Mar Sci. 9 (1): 289 - 297. doi: 10.2989 / 025776190784378664.","Knight-Jones P. 1997. Two new species of Megalomma (Sabellidae) from Sinai and New Zealand with redescriptions of some types and a new genus. Bull Mar Sci. 60 (2): 313 - 323.","Lasiaka T. 1999. The putative impact of exploitation on rocky infratidal macrofaunal assemblages: a multiple-area comparison. J Mar Biolog Assoc UK. 79 (1): 23 - 34. doi: 10.1017 / S 0025315498000022.","Bailey-Brock JH. 2003. Coral reef polychaetes of Guam and Saipan, Mariana Islands. Micronesica. 35 (36): 200 - 217.","Bu-Olayan AH, Thomas BV. 2005. Validating species diversity of benthic organisms to trace metal pollution in Kuwait Bay, off the Arabian Gulf. Appl Ecol Environ Res. 3 (2): 93 - 100. doi: 10.15666 / aeer / 0302 _ 093100.","Ramalinga Kripa V. 2007. The impact of suspended culture of the edible oyster Crassostrea madrasensis (Preston) on benthic faunal assemblages. J Mar Biolog Assoc India. 49 (1): 47 - 50.","Tovar-Hernandez MA, Salazar-Vallejo SI. 2008. Caruncle in Megalomma Johansson, (Polychaeta: Sabellidae) and the description of a new species from the Eastern Tropical Pacific. J Nat Hist. 42 (29 - 30): 1951 - 1973. doi: 10.1080 / 00222930802140186.","Capa M, Murray A. 2009. Review of the genus Megalomma (Polychaeta: Sabellidae) in Australia with description of three new species, new records and notes on certain features with phylogenetic implications. Rec Aust Mus. 61 (2): 201 - 224. doi: 10.3853 / j. 0067 - 1975.61.2009.1529","Rajasekaran R, Fernando OJ. 2012. Polychaetes of Andaman and Nicobar Islands. In: Venkataraman K, Raghunathan C, Sivaperuman C, editors. Ecology of faunal communities on the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Berlin (Heidelberg): Springer; p. 1 - 22. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 642 - 28335 - 2 _ 1","Clavijo TC, Fernandez FV. 2013. Poliquetos bentonicos como bioindicadores de materia organica en la zona intermareal de la Isla Santa Clara (Golfo de Guayaquil Exterior). Rev Cient Cien Nat Amb. 7 (1): 1 - 16.","Sivaraj S, Murugesan P, Muthuvelu S, Vivekanandan KE, Vijayalakshmi S. 2014. AMBI and M-AMBI indices as a robust tool for assessing the effluent stressed ecosystem in Nandgaon Coastal waters, Maharashtra, India. Estuar Coast Shelf Sci. 146: 60 - 67. doi: 10.1016 / j. ecss. 2014.05.024","Sivaraj S, Murugesan P, Silambarasan A, Jose HPM, Bharathidasan V. 2015. AMBI indices and multivariate approach to assess the ecological health of Vellar - Coleroon estuarine system undergoing various human activities. Mar Poll Bull. 100 (1): 334 - 343. doi: 10.1016 / j. marpolbul. 2015.08.028","Rajasekaran R. 2015. Some polychaetes (Annelida) are new distributional records to Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Int J Res Ann Rev. 2: 707 - 714.","Clavijo TC. 2016. Poliquetos bentonicos como bioindicadores de materia organica en la zona intermareal de la isla Santa Clara (Golfo de Guayaquil exterior). Rev Cient Cien Nat Amb. 21 (1): 59 - 79.","Murugesan P, Parthasarathy P, Muthuvelu S, Mahadevan G. 2018. Diversity and distribution of polychaetes in Mangroves of East Coast of India. In: Sharma S, editor. Mangrove ecosystem ecology and function. (UK): IntechOpen; p. 107 - 130. doi: 10.5772 / intechopen. 78332.","Sekar V, Rajasekaran R, Balakrishnan S, Raguraman R. 2019. Natural Resources Management and Biological Sciences. In: Rhodes ER, Naser H, editors. London: Natl Resour Manage Biol Sci IntechOpen; p. 1 - 33.","Grube AE. 1878. Annulata Semperiana. Beitrage zur kenntniss der anneliden fauna der Philippinen nach den von Herrn Prof. Semper mitgebrachten sammlungen. Mem Acad Imp Sci St- Petersbourg Hist Acad. 725 (8): 1 - 300.","Nishi E, Gil J, Tanaka K, Kupriyanova EK. 2017. Notaulax yamasui sp. n. (Annelida, Sabellidae) from Okinawa and Ogasawara, Japan, with notes on its ecology. ZooKeys. 660: 1 - 16. doi: 10.3897 / zookeys. 660.11228","Keppel E, Keith I, Ruiz GM, Carlton JT. 2019. New records of native and non-indigenous polychaetes (Annelida: Polychaeta) in the Galapagos Islands. Aq Inv. 14 (1): 59 - 84. doi: 10.3391 / ai. 2019.14.1.03","Cardenas-Calle M, Mora E, Torres G, Perez-Correa J, Bigatti G, Signorelli J, Coronel J. 2020. Marine invertebrate and seaweed biodiversity of continental coastal Ecuador. Biod Data J. 8. doi: 10.3897 / BDJ. 8. e 53818","Brusca RC. 2020. The 1940 ricketts-steinbeck sea of cortez expedition, with annotated lists of species and collection sites. J Southwest. 62 (2): 218 - 334. doi: 10.1353 / jsw. 2020.0016.","Balakrishnan S, Tudu PC. 2021. An updated checklist of polychaetes (Animalia, Annelida, Polychaeta) from Odisha and West Bengal coasts. Indian J Geo-Mar Sci. 50: 507 - 510. http: // nopr. niscair. res. in / handle / 123456789 / 57706.","Tovar-Hernandez MA, Carrera-Parra LF. 2011. Megalomma Johansson, 1925 (Polychaeta: Sabellidae) from America and other world-wide localities, and phylogenetic relationships within the genus. Zootaxa. 2861 (1): 1 - 71. doi: 10.11646 / zootaxa. 2861.1.1.","Monro CCA. 1933. LIII. - Notes on a collection of Polychaeta from South Africa. J Nat Hist. 11 (64): 487 - 509.","Bailey-Brock JH. 1999. Ecology and biodiversity of coral reef polychaetes of Guam and Saipan, Mariana Islands. Int Rev Hydrobiol. 84 (2): 181 - 196.","Omena E, Creed JC. 2004. Polychaete fauna of seagrass beds (Halodule wrightii Ascherson) along the coast of Rio de Janeiro (Southeast Brazil). Mar Ecol. 25 (4): 273 - 288. doi: 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0485.2004. 00031. x."]}

Notaulax pyrrhogaster (Grube, 1878) (Figures 2 (c), 2(a–2), 6(a–i)) Sabella pyrrhogaster Grube, 1878: 250–252, pl. 15, fig. 1. – Wiktor 1980: 280. Eurato pyrrhogaster. – Saint-Joseph 1894: 249. Notaulax pyrrhogaster. – Perkins 1984: 328. – Tovar-Hernández et al. 2020a: 28, 31–32, figs 9–10. Examined material India – Vaan Island, Gulf of Mannar, state of Tamil Nadu, district of Tuticorin, 8.841135537679804 N, 78.2219779167134 E, coral reef, seaweed and seagrass patches in sand, 0–1 m deep, 8 May 2018, 2 specimens (ZSI/ MARC / P8363)., Published as part of Veeraiyan, Bharathidasan, Tovar-Hernández, María Ana, Palanivel, Partha Sarathy, Palanisamy, Selvaraj & Perumal, Murugesan, 2022, New records of sclerozoan fan worms in Acropora sp. from the Gulf of Mannar, south-eastern coast of India (Annelida: Sabellidae), pp. 1365-1381 in Journal of Natural History 56 (33 - 36) on page 1372, DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2022.2118640, http://zenodo.org/record/7156456, {"references":["Grube AE. 1878. Annulata Semperiana. Beitrage zur kenntniss der anneliden fauna der Philippinen nach den von Herrn Prof. Semper mitgebrachten sammlungen. Mem Acad Imp Sci St- Petersbourg Hist Acad. 725 (8): 1 - 300.","Wiktor J. 1980. Type specimens of Annelida Polychaeta in the Museum of Natural History of the Wroclaw University. Ann Zool. 35 (20): 267 - 283.","Saint-Joseph AD. 1894. Les Annelides polychetes des cotes de Dinard. Troisieme Partie. Ann Sci Nat Zool. 7 (17): 1 - 395.","Perkins TH. 1984. Revision of Demonax Kinberg, Hypsicomus Grube, and Notaulax Tauber, with a review of Megalomma Johansson from Florida (Polychaeta: Sabellidae). Proc Biol Soc Wash. 97 (2): 285 - 368.","Tovar-Hernandez MA, Garcia-Garza ME, De Leon-Gonzalez JA. 2020 a. Sclerozoan and fouling sabellid worms (Annelida: Sabellidae) from Mexico with the establishment of two new species. Biodiv Data J. 8. doi: 10.3897 / BDJ. 8. e 57471"]}

Chitosan-encapsulated ternary titanium dioxide-nickel oxide-copper oxide (CTNC) hybrid nanomaterials (HNM) were synthesis via a facile one-pot precipitation method. The synthesized Chitosan-titanium dioxide-nickel oxide-copper oxide was characterized by XRD, UV, FTIR, DLS, FESEM, EDAX, and PL tested against G- (gram-negative) bacterial strain such as K. pneumonia, S. dysenteriae, E. coli, P. Vulgaris, P. aeruginosa, and V. cholerae, employed by the well method. The CTNC hybrid nanomaterials exhibit a more substantial antibacterial effect against gram-negative bacteria. The MDA-MB-231 cell-line, with an IC50 concentration value of 9.8 g/mL was chosen to test CTNC hybrid nanomaterials' anticancer properties against human breast cancer cell lines. The toxicity studies of fibroblast L929 cells showed that the CTNC hybrid nanomaterials were less harmful to the healthy cells. As a result, the CTNC hybrid nanomaterials can be used for biomedical and industrial applications to improve human health conditions.

This research offers a maximum power point tracking (MPPT) algorithm for photovoltaic (PV) systems based on neural networks (NNs) and a rapid step-up converter configuration. An improved variable step size-radial basis function network (RBFN) in the NN algorithm is accomplished in the proposed system to track the maximum power point (MPP) with high convergence speed and obtain maximum power with reduced oscillations. Under various irradiance and temperature conditions, the performance of the recommended algorithm was compared to that of particle swarm optimization (PSO), modified perturb and observe (P&O) MPPT technique, artificial neural network (ANN), and multilayer perceptron feed-forward (MPF) NN-based MPPT method. In this system, a new interleaved non-isolated large step-up converter with the coupled inductor technique is suggested to compensate for the discord in PV devices to enable a continuous and independent power flow. The proposed PV-fed converter system is validated under partial shading conditions (PSCs) and uniform solar PV, and the results are experimentally verified with the use of a programmable direct current (DC) source. The obtained results indicate that the proposed converter produces output with high gain, continuous input current, low voltage stress on switches, minimal ripple, high power density, and extensive input and output operations. Finally, a prototype has been implemented to verify the functionality of the presented converter in continuous conduction mode operation with an input voltage range of 20 V and an output voltage of 200 V.

The present study investigated the active corrosion protection provided by superhydrophobic cerium stearate coatings. Superhydrophobic cerium stearate was deposited on anodized AA2024-T3 at 40 V with different electrodeposition times using a simple DC electrodeposition technique to know the role of electrodeposition time on surface morphology, hydrophobicity, and corrosion resistance. The structure and morphology of cerium stearate was characterized to understand its formation mechanism. Electrodeposition process at 40 V for 120 min resulted in the formation of dual-scale Allium giganteum like micro/nano hierarchical texture of cerium stearate with a water contact angle of 165±1.6°. The cerium stearate coating obtained for 120 min process time had excellent self-cleaning property and good chemical stability, environmental stability, and mechanical durability acceptable for industrial applications. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and scanning vibrating electrode technique were used to investigate the active corrosion protection of cerium stearate coating. The electrodeposited cerium stearate coating showed active corrosion protection based on self-healing ability by releasing cerium (Ce3+) ions.

Cancer is a condition marked by abnormal cell proliferation that has the potential to invade or indicate other health issues. Human beings are affected by more than 100 different types of cancer. Some cancer promotes rapid cell proliferation, whereas others cause cells to divide and develop more slowly. Some cancers, such as leukemia, produce visible tumors, while others, such as breast cancer, do not. In this work, in silico investigations were carried out to investigate the binding mechanisms of four major analogs, which are marine sesquiterpene, sesquiterpene lactone, heteroaromatic chalcones, and benzothiophene against the target estrogen receptor-α for targeting breast cancer using Schrödinger suite 2021-4. The Glide module handled the molecular docking experiments, the QikProp module handled the ADMET screening, and the Prime MM-GB/SA module determined the binding energy of the ligands. The benzothiophene analog BT_ER_15f (G-score −15.922 Kcal/mol) showed the best binding activity against the target protein estrogen receptor-α when compared with the standard drug tamoxifen which has a docking score of −13.560 Kcal/mol. TRP383 (tryptophan) has the highest interaction time with the ligand, and hence it could act for a long time. Based on in silico investigations, the benzothiophene analog BT_ER_15f significantly binds with the active site of the target protein estrogen receptor-α. Similar to the outcomes of molecular docking, the target and ligand complex interaction motif established a high affinity of lead candidates in a dynamic system. This study shows that estrogen receptor-α targets inhibitors with better potential and low toxicity when compared to the existing market drugs, which can be made from a benzothiophene derivative. It may result in considerable activity and be applied to more research on breast cancer.

Introduction. Streptococcus pyogenes is a diverse virulent synthesis pathogen responsible for invasive systemic infections. Establishment of antibiotic resistance in the pathogen has produced a need for new antibiofilm agents to control the biofilm formation and reduce biofilm-associated resistance development. Aim. The present study investigates the in vitro antibiofilm activity of eucalyptol against S. pyogenes . Methodology. The antibiofilm potential of eucalyptol was assessed using a microdilution method and their biofilm inhibition efficacy was visualized by microscopic analysis. The biochemical assays were performed to assess the influence of eucalyptol on virulence productions. Real-time PCR analysis was performed to evaluate the expression profile of the virulence genes. Results. Eucalyptol showed significant antibiofilm potential in a dose-dependent manner without affecting bacterial growth. Eucalyptol at 300 µg ml−1 (biofilm inhibitory concentration) significantly inhibited the initial stage of biofilm formation in S. pyogenes . However, eucalyptol failed to diminish the mature biofilms of S. pyogenes at biofilm inhibitory concentration and it effectively reduced the biofilm formation on stainless steel, titanium, and silicone surfaces. The biochemical assay results revealed that eucalyptol greatly affects the cell-surface hydrophobicity, auto-aggregation, extracellular protease, haemolysis and hyaluronic acid synthesis. Further, the gene-expression analysis results showed significant downregulation of virulence gene expression upon eucalyptol treatment. Conclusion. The present study suggests that eucalyptol applies its antibiofilm assets by intruding the initial biofilm formation of S. pyogenes . Supplementary studies are needed to understand the mode of action involved in biofilm inhibition.

In restructured power system, Generation Companies (GENCOs) has an opportunity to sell power and reserve in power market to earn profit by market clearing process. Defining unit commitment problem in a competitive environment to maximize the profit of GENCOs while satisfying all the network constraints is called Profit Based Unit Commitment problem (PBUC). The main contribution of this paper is modeling and inclusion of Market Clearing Price (MCP) in PBUC problem. In Day market, MCP is determined by market operator which provides maximum social welfare for both GENCOs and Consumers.On other hand this paper proposes a novel combination of solution methodology: Improved Pre-prepared power demand (IPPD) table and Analytical Hierarchy method (AHP) for solving the optimal day ahead scheduling problem as an another contribution. In this method, the status of unit commitment is obtained by IPPD table and AHP provides an optimal solution to PBUC problem. Minimizing total operating cost of thermal units to provide maximum profit to GENCOs is called an optimal day ahead scheduling problem. Also it will be more realistic to redefine this problem to include multiple distributed resources and Electric vehicles with energy storage. Because of any uncertainties or fluctuation of renewable energy resources (RESs), Electric vehicles (EV) can be used as load, energy sources and energy storage. This would reduce cost, emission and to improve system power quality and reliability. So output power of solar (PS), wind output power (PW) and Electric Vehicles power (PEV) are modeled and included into day ahead scheduling problem.The proposed methodology is tested on a standard thermal unit system with or without RESs and EVs. Cost and emission reduction in a smart grid by maximum utilization of EVs and RESs are presented in this literature. It is indicated that the proposed method provides maximum profit to GENCOs when compared to other methodologies such as Memory Management Algorithm, Improved Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Muller method, Gravitational search algorithm etc.

Loxosomella diopatricola Williams, 2000 The species was originally described by Williams (2000) from the shallows of southeast Australia as epibionts of Diopatra sp. Our specimens were collected in Bay of Bengal (Tamilnadu, Southeastern coast of India). Samples were collected from the depth of 15 m. Water temperature was 30��C, salinity range 30 psu, pH 8.1. Numerous loxosomatids were found on the body surface and notopodia of Diopatra sp. Description: Medium-sized species with average body length 396 ��m (from 288 to 565 in measured specimens) (measurements of several specimens are given in Table 1). Calyx length 200 - 369 ��m, usually close 300 ��m. Average calyx width 185��m. Calyx oval in shape, without prominent compression. Calyx bears 8 tentacles faced disto-frontally or distally in contracted state (Figs. 4C, F, G). Stomach large, roundish. Papillae absent. Stalk shorter than calyx, with variable length, average length 116 ��m. In some specimens stalk very short, less than 60 ��m (Figs. 4A, B, D). Foot reduced, but pedal gland persists in adults. Pedal gland large, occupies almost entire width of base of stalk. Reproduction: Only one specimen with buds observed. Two buds originate from latero-frontal budding areas located at mid-stomach level, one bud on each side (Fig. 4C). Both buds young, without developed foot. Many specimens with developing embryos. Up to five embryos can develop in calyx of one specimen (Fig. 4K). Ecology: The loxosomatids were abundant on host���s body surface. Total number of specimens on one polychaete about 550. They attach to anterior part of antennae, palps, mouth region and to parapodia and parapodial gills all over body, except for the ventral surface (Figs. 2A). Gills most populated by loxosomatids, up to 10 specimens on one gill (Fig. 2E). Remarks. The specimens from the Bay of Bengal closely match the original description of Loxosomella diopatricola in general appearance, tentacle number, and stalk base structure, but they have some differences in sizes. Indian specimens are slightly larger than Australian. The body length up to 565 ��m in Indian specimens and up to 450 ��m in Australian specimens. Average calyx length is also bigger in Indian specimens ��� 280 ��m against 230 ��m of females and 200 ��m of males from Australian waters. The stalk of Australian specimens is between one-half and two-thirds that of the calyx, when in Indian specimens it is much more variable in length and can be from 1/5 to 9/10 of the calyx. Williams (2000) mentions that L. diopatricola has only one ovary but we cannot confirm or reject this description for our specimens because the ovaries are not clearly distinguishable. The main difference between Indian and Australian loxosomatids is the structure of the adhesive organ of specimens attached to the gills. Australian specimens attach to gills with expanded attachment disc. Indian specimens attached to the gills lack the attachment disc and have the same attachment structure as specimens from other parts of polychaetes body���the pedal gland at the base of the stalk., Published as part of Bharathidasan, Veeraiyan, Borisanova, Anastasia O., Sarathy, Palanivel Partha & Murugesan, Perumal, 2022, New entoproct-polychaete association recorded in the Bay of Bengal, southeastern coast of India, pp. 482-500 in Zootaxa 5100 (4) on pages 484-485, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5100.4.2, http://zenodo.org/record/6224790, {"references":["Williams, J. B. (2000) Descriptions of two loxosomatids (Entoprocta), with emphasis on a relationship between symbiont attachment structures and host cuticle. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 78 (1), 110 - 120. https: // doi. org / 10.1139 / cjz- 78 - 1 - 110"]}

Family: Onuphidae Kinberg, 1865 Genus: Diopatra Audouin & Milne Edwards, 1833 (Fig. 2 & 3), Published as part of Bharathidasan, Veeraiyan, Borisanova, Anastasia O., Sarathy, Palanivel Partha & Murugesan, Perumal, 2022, New entoproct-polychaete association recorded in the Bay of Bengal, southeastern coast of India, pp. 482-500 in Zootaxa 5100 (4) on pages 483-484, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5100.4.2, http://zenodo.org/record/6224790, {"references":["Kinberg, J. C. H. (1865) Annulata nova. Ofversigt af Koniglich Vetenskapsakademiens forhandlingar (Stockholm), 21, 559 - 574."]}

Species: Diopatra sp. Description: Diopatra sp. specimen is incomplete and has only 75 segments, body length 2.25 cm, body width 0.3 cm. Prostomium pointed with two subulate frontal lips. Prostomial appendages are presented by 3 antennae, and 2 palps (Fig. 2A). Palps reach chaetigers 1-3, antennae reach chaetigers 4-9. Ceratophores of palps and antennae with 7-16 ceratophoral rings (Fig. 2A). The posterior end is naturally wounded and regenerated (Fig. 2B). The parapodia of first four chaetigers are modified. Modified parapodia with rounded presetal and subulate postsetal lobes (Fig. 2D). Dorsal cirri are subulate, becoming very slender posteriorly, ventral cirri are subulate (Fig. 2C & D). The gills are developed in parapodia starting from the 5 th segment (Fig. 2A). Postsetal lobes of parapodia become gradually smaller from the anterior parapodium 5 th to 15 th chaetigers, but remain as small lobes into posterior region (Fig. 2E). The dorsal cirri penetrating with 5-6 fine chaetae (Fig. 2F). Limbate chaetae: The limbate chaetae of the anterior parapodia are fine serrated. The first parapodium has single limbate chaetae (Fig. 2G), and second parapodium has two limbate chaetae (Fig. 2K) (one long and one small limbate chaetae). The median chaetigers with 4-5 strongly serrated upper limbate chaetae (Fig. 3A) and 8-10 fine serrated lower limbate chaetae (Fig. 3B). Aciculae: Anterior parapodia (from first to four chaetiger) with three aciculae. One aciculae is long and two aciculae are of median size (Fig. 2H. The parapodia of the chaetigers from the middle part of the body with three unmodified upper aciculae (Fig. 3C), and the median aciculae with strongly bended distal end (Fig. 3D). Pseudocompound hooks: Parapodia 1-2 with 4 slender pseudocompound hooks (Fig. 2C & D); The first parapodia with 1 upper hook, 2 median pseudocompound hooks thicker and long hoods (Fig. 2I & J), and the small and weak ventral pseudocompound hook. The second parapodia with 1 thick upper and 1 thick median pseudocompound hooks (Fig. 2L & M), and 1 medium-sized median pseudocompound hook (Fig. 2N), and smooth, incomplete ventral pseudocompound hook (Fig. 2O). The hoods of all the hooks are long. Pectinate chaetae: Pectinate chaetae with 10 teeth in slightly oblique combs (Fig. 2P). First five parapodia with four pectinate chaetae per parapodium. Parapodia of median chaetigers with 8-10 pectinate chaetae per parapodium. Each pectinate chaeta with 12-16 teeth in slightly oblique comb (Fig. 3 F-H). Chaetae of parapodia from the middle part of the body with two bidentate subacicular hooks, with strong hoods (Fig. 3E)., Published as part of Bharathidasan, Veeraiyan, Borisanova, Anastasia O., Sarathy, Palanivel Partha & Murugesan, Perumal, 2022, New entoproct-polychaete association recorded in the Bay of Bengal, southeastern coast of India, pp. 482-500 in Zootaxa 5100 (4) on page 484, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5100.4.2, http://zenodo.org/record/6224790

Background Evidence on the extra-household contacts of TB patients who drive disease transmission is scarce. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional personal social network survey among 300 newly diagnosed index pulmonary TB patients to identify their first-degree extra-household contacts. Results A significantly higher proportion of neighbourhood (3.5; 95% CI 1.3 to 7.5), occupational (3.2; 95% CI 1.3 to 9.2) and friendship contacts (2.2; 95% CI 0.8 to 4.5) developed TB within 1 y of the index patient's diagnosis than their household contacts (0.7; 95% CI 0.3 to 1.3). Similarly, a higher proportion of extra-household contacts had TB at different time points before the index patient was diagnosed. Conclusion Extra-household contacts of TB patients could be a potential source of TB or could be at increased risk of TB.