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International audience; The aim of this research is to develop and implement a computational model able to simulate drivers' visual strategies in dual-task conditions and to investigate visual distraction effects. The modeling approach supporting this research is based on a cognitive model of the car driver so-called COSMODRIVE, focused on mental representations simulation (i.e. situational awareness) and implemented on a virtual platform (so-called SiVIC). In this framework, a module of the visual perception is needed for model interaction with the virtual road environment. This perception module is indeed the ''entry point'' for road scene analysis and decision-making. This modeling work is based on empirical data collected among 20 human drivers. Experiments have been designed in order to study visual distraction impact of driver's visual scanning. During this experiment, participants drove a car on simulator and answered at the same time to a visual secondary task. Visual strategies were collected through video films, and have been analyzed in order to model visual distraction effect. Different visual strategies for alternative scanning of the road scene and the pictogram screen (i.e. distraction in the cockpit) have been identified among our set of drivers. These empirical results have been then used to develop a visual perception module liable to dynamically explore the road environment, according to visual distraction effects. Through these empirical data, the perception module has been developed in order to reproduce these visuals strategies of human when a visual distraction occurs. The module is primarily based on a enhancement of a pre-existing virtual camera model in SiVIC platform, now used as a model of the human eye. The movement of gaze and target tracking can be simulated with the rotation of the camera depending on the location of the object to observe/perceive/discover. This visual scanning modeling could be interfaced with other numerical models of human driver in the future, according to the modular and portable approach used for this development. The visual perception module is connected with others modules of COSMODRIVE, with the aim to support the driver's mental representation elaboration and allow the model progression into the environment. But, in addition to visual thus scanning based on mental representations; the module can also simulate visual attention allocation to an on-board screen. In it possible to use the driver model for investigating driving errors due to a visual distraction while driving.

International audience; We present a methodology and a tool for analyzing the activity of an operator interacting with a complex technical device. The goal is of refining cognitive models of the operator by relating them to patterns of behavior in real situations. The activity is observed to be modeled as a trace having a graph structure. The trace is transformed according to a "use model" in order to become meaningful in the context of modeling theories. Our "Trace Based System" thus gathers both a representation of the activity and of the analyst's expertise for facilitating the discovery of knowledge in the field of cognitive psychology. The approach is illustrated by its application for car driver cognitive modeling.

Cette thèse est centrée sur la modélisation cognitive et la simulation informatique des activités mentales du conducteur automobile. Après une rapide revue des questions épistémologiques inhérentes à la démarche de modélisation et de simulation cognitive (chapitres 1 et 2), nous nous focalisons sur les travaux réalisés dans le cadre particulier de la conduite automobile (chapitre 3). Le recueil de données empiriques (chapitre 4) issues d'observations et d'expérimentations - nous permet, dans un second temps, de discuter et d'affiner les modèles disponibles dans la littérature et, partant, de proposer notre propre modèle de simulation cognitive du conducteur (chapitre 5) dont l'implémentation informatique est en cours. Nous concluons ce travail (chapitre 6) en évoquant les applications potentielles de notre modèle en matière de technologie d'assistance à la conduite (système de copilotage intelligent). DEA de psychologie cognitive: ergonomie cognitive. Mots clés libres :ergonomie ;science cognitive ;conduite automobile ;simulation cognitive, modèle informatique, représentation des connaissances ; assistance à l'activité ;copilotage.