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1. The generality of cryptic dietary niche differences in diverse large-herbivore assemblages

Author

Pansu, Johan, Hutchinson, Matthew C., Anderson, T. Michael, Beest, Mariska te, Begg, Colleen M., Begg, Keith S., Bonin, Aurelie, Chama, Lackson, Chamaillé-Jammes, Simon, Coissac, Eric, Cromsigt, Joris P. G. M., Demmel, Margaret Y., Donaldson, Jason E., Guyton, Jennifer A., Hansen, Christina B., Imakando, Christopher I., Iqbal, Azwad, Kalima, Davis F., Kerley, Graham I. H., Kurukura, Samson, Landman, Marietjie, Long, Ryan A., Munuo, Isaack Norbert, Nutter, Ciara M., Parr, Catherine L., Potter, Arjun B., Siachoono, Stanford, Taberlet, Pierre, Waiti, Eusebio, Kartzinel, Tyler R., and Pringle, Robert M.

Published
2022

2. Spatial patterns of large African cats : a large-scale study on density, home range size, and home range overlap of lions Panthera leo and leopards Panthera pardus

Author

Nams, Vilis O., Parker, Dan M., Weise, Florian J., Patterson, Bruce D., Buij, Ralph, Radloff, Frans G.T., Vanak, Abi Tamim, Tumenta, Pricelia N., Hayward, Matt W., Swanepoel, Lourens H., Funston, Paul J., Bauer, Hans, Power, R.J., O'Brien, John, O'Brien, Timothy G., Tambling, Craig J., de Iongh, Hans H., Ferreira, Sam M., Owen-Smith, Norman, Cain, James W., Fattebert, Julien, Croes, Barbara M., Spong, Goran, Loveridge, Andrew J., Houser, Ann Marie, Golabek, Krystyna A., Begg, Colleen M., Grant, Tanith, Trethowan, Paul, Musyoki, Charles, Menges, Vera, Creel, Scott, Balme, Guy A., Pitman, Ross T., Bissett, Charlene, Jenny, David, Schuette, Paul, Wilmers, Christopher C., Hunter, Luke T.B., Kinnaird, Margaret F., Begg, Keith S., Owen, Cailey R., Steyn, Villiers, Bockmuehl, Dirk, Munro, Stuart J., Mann, Gareth K.H., du Preez, Byron D., Marker, Laurie L., Huqa, Tuqa J., Cozzi, Gabriele, Frank, Laurence G., Nyoni, Phumuzile, Stein, Andrew B., Kasiki, Samuel M., Macdonald, David W., Martins, Quinton E., van Vuuren, Rudie J., Stratford, Ken J., Bidner, Laura R., Oriol-Cotteril, Alayne, Maputla, Nakedi W., Maruping-Mzileni, Nkabeng, Parker, Tim, van't Zelfde, Maarten, Isbell, Lynne A., Beukes, Otto B., Beukes, Maya, Nams, Vilis O., Parker, Dan M., Weise, Florian J., Patterson, Bruce D., Buij, Ralph, Radloff, Frans G.T., Vanak, Abi Tamim, Tumenta, Pricelia N., Hayward, Matt W., Swanepoel, Lourens H., Funston, Paul J., Bauer, Hans, Power, R.J., O'Brien, John, O'Brien, Timothy G., Tambling, Craig J., de Iongh, Hans H., Ferreira, Sam M., Owen-Smith, Norman, Cain, James W., Fattebert, Julien, Croes, Barbara M., Spong, Goran, Loveridge, Andrew J., Houser, Ann Marie, Golabek, Krystyna A., Begg, Colleen M., Grant, Tanith, Trethowan, Paul, Musyoki, Charles, Menges, Vera, Creel, Scott, Balme, Guy A., Pitman, Ross T., Bissett, Charlene, Jenny, David, Schuette, Paul, Wilmers, Christopher C., Hunter, Luke T.B., Kinnaird, Margaret F., Begg, Keith S., Owen, Cailey R., Steyn, Villiers, Bockmuehl, Dirk, Munro, Stuart J., Mann, Gareth K.H., du Preez, Byron D., Marker, Laurie L., Huqa, Tuqa J., Cozzi, Gabriele, Frank, Laurence G., Nyoni, Phumuzile, Stein, Andrew B., Kasiki, Samuel M., Macdonald, David W., Martins, Quinton E., van Vuuren, Rudie J., Stratford, Ken J., Bidner, Laura R., Oriol-Cotteril, Alayne, Maputla, Nakedi W., Maruping-Mzileni, Nkabeng, Parker, Tim, van't Zelfde, Maarten, Isbell, Lynne A., Beukes, Otto B., and Beukes, Maya

Abstract

Spatial patterns of and competition for resources by territorial carnivores are typically explained by two hypotheses: 1) the territorial defence hypothesis and 2) the searching efficiency hypothesis. According to the territorial defence hypothesis, when food resources are abundant, carnivore densities will be high and home ranges small. In addition, carnivores can maximise their necessary energy intake with minimal territorial defence. At medium resource levels, larger ranges will be needed, and it will become more economically beneficial to defend resources against a lower density of competitors. At low resource levels, carnivore densities will be low and home ranges large, but resources will be too scarce to make it beneficial to defend such large territories. Thus, home range overlap will be minimal at intermediate carnivore densities. According to the searching efficiency hypothesis, there is a cost to knowing a home range. Larger areas are harder to learn and easier to forget, so carnivores constantly need to keep their cognitive map updated by regularly revisiting parts of their home ranges. Consequently, when resources are scarce, carnivores require larger home ranges to acquire sufficient food. These larger home ranges lead to more overlap among individuals' ranges, so that overlap in home ranges is largest when food availability is the lowest. Since conspecific density is low when food availability is low, this hypothesis predicts that overlap is largest when densities are the lowest. We measured home range overlap and used a novel method to compare intraspecific home range overlaps for lions Panthera leo (n = 149) and leopards Panthera pardus (n = 111) in Africa. We estimated home range sizes from telemetry location data and gathered carnivore density data from the literature. Our results did not support the territorial defence hypothesis for either species. Lion prides increased their home range overlap at conspecific lower densities whereas leopards did

Published
2023

3. The generality of cryptic dietary niche differences in diverse large-herbivore assemblages

Author

Spatial Ecology and Global Change, Environmental Sciences, Pansu, Johan, Hutchinson, Matthew C., Anderson, T. Michael, te Beest, Mariska, Begg, Colleen M., Begg, Keith S., Bonin, Aurelie, Chama, Lackson, Chamaillé-Jammes, Simon, Coissac, Eric, Cromsigt, Joris P. G. M., Demmel, Margaret Y., Donaldson, Jason E., Guyton, Jennifer A., Hansen, Christina B., Imakando, Christopher I., Iqbal, Azwad, Kalima, Davis F., Kerley, Graham I. H., Kurukura, Samson, Landman, Marietjie, Long, Ryan A., Munuo, Isaack Norbert, Nutter, Ciara M., Parr, Catherine L., Potter, Arjun B., Siachoono, Stanford, Taberlet, Pierre, Waiti, Eusebio, Kartzinel, Tyler R., Pringle, Robert M., Spatial Ecology and Global Change, Environmental Sciences, Pansu, Johan, Hutchinson, Matthew C., Anderson, T. Michael, te Beest, Mariska, Begg, Colleen M., Begg, Keith S., Bonin, Aurelie, Chama, Lackson, Chamaillé-Jammes, Simon, Coissac, Eric, Cromsigt, Joris P. G. M., Demmel, Margaret Y., Donaldson, Jason E., Guyton, Jennifer A., Hansen, Christina B., Imakando, Christopher I., Iqbal, Azwad, Kalima, Davis F., Kerley, Graham I. H., Kurukura, Samson, Landman, Marietjie, Long, Ryan A., Munuo, Isaack Norbert, Nutter, Ciara M., Parr, Catherine L., Potter, Arjun B., Siachoono, Stanford, Taberlet, Pierre, Waiti, Eusebio, Kartzinel, Tyler R., and Pringle, Robert M.

Published
2022

4. Honey badgers: fangs bared, a year-old cub snarls her refusal when mom tries to reclaim a bite of snake supper. In the first long-term study of honey badgers in the wild, two South African researchers reveal the hard-knock life behind the small carnivore's ferocious reputation

Author

Begg, Coleen and Begg, Keith

Subjects
Badgers -- Research
Abstract

Size: small Attitude: HUGE As the Kalahari Desert cools at twilight, a honey badger and her cub begin foraging for food--two of dozens of badgers whose habits we documented over [...]

Published
2004

6. Multigene phylogeny of the Mustelidae: Resolving relationships, tempo and biogeographic history of a mammalian adaptive radiation

Author

Veron Geraldine, Lucherini Mauro, Grassman Lon, Begg Colleen, Begg Keith, Slater Graham J, Deere Kerry A, Koepfli Klaus-Peter, and Wayne Robert K

Subjects
Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract

Abstract Background Adaptive radiation, the evolution of ecological and phenotypic diversity from a common ancestor, is a central concept in evolutionary biology and characterizes the evolutionary histories of many groups of organisms. One such group is the Mustelidae, the most species-rich family within the mammalian order Carnivora, encompassing 59 species classified into 22 genera. Extant mustelids display extensive ecomorphological diversity, with different lineages having evolved into an array of adaptive zones, from fossorial badgers to semi-aquatic otters. Mustelids are also widely distributed, with multiple genera found on different continents. As with other groups that have undergone adaptive radiation, resolving the phylogenetic history of mustelids presents a number of challenges because ecomorphological convergence may potentially confound morphologically based phylogenetic inferences, and because adaptive radiations often include one or more periods of rapid cladogenesis that require a large amount of data to resolve. Results We constructed a nearly complete generic-level phylogeny of the Mustelidae using a data matrix comprising 22 gene segments (~12,000 base pairs) analyzed with maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference methods. We show that mustelids are consistently resolved with high nodal support into four major clades and three monotypic lineages. Using Bayesian dating techniques, we provide evidence that mustelids underwent two bursts of diversification that coincide with major paleoenvironmental and biotic changes that occurred during the Neogene and correspond with similar bursts of cladogenesis in other vertebrate groups. Biogeographical analyses indicate that most of the extant diversity of mustelids originated in Eurasia and mustelids have colonized Africa, North America and South America on multiple occasions. Conclusion Combined with information from the fossil record, our phylogenetic and dating analyses suggest that mustelid diversification may have been spurred by a combination of faunal turnover events and diversification at lower trophic levels, ultimately caused by climatically driven environmental changes. Our biogeographic analyses show Eurasia as the center of origin of mustelid diversity and that mustelids in Africa, North America and South America have been assembled over time largely via dispersal, which has important implications for understanding the ecology of mustelid communities.

Published
2008
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7. Evolutionary and biogeographic history of weasel-like carnivorans (Musteloidea)

Author

Sato, Jun J., Wolsan, Mieczyslaw, Prevosti, Francisco J., D'Elía, Guillermo, Begg, Colleen, Begg, Keith, Hosoda, Tetsuji, Campbell, Kevin L., Suzuki, Hitoshi, Sato, Jun J., Wolsan, Mieczyslaw, Prevosti, Francisco J., D'Elía, Guillermo, Begg, Colleen, Begg, Keith, Hosoda, Tetsuji, Campbell, Kevin L., and Suzuki, Hitoshi

Abstract

We analyzed a concatenated (8492 bp) nuclear-mitochondrial DNA data set from 44 musteloids (including the first genetic data for Lyncodon patagonicus) with parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian methods of phylogenetic and biogeographic inference and two Bayesian methods of chronological inference. Here we show that Musteloidea emerged approximately 32.4-30.9 million years ago (MYA) in Asia, shortly after the greenhouse-icehouse global climate shift at the Eocene-Oligocene transition. During their Oligocene radiation, which proceeded wholly or mostly in Asia, musteloids diversified into four primary divisions: the Mephitidae lineage separated first, succeeded by Ailuridae and the divergence of the Procyonidae and Mustelidae lineages. Mustelidae arose approximately 16.1 MYA within the Mid-Miocene Climatic Optimum, and extensively diversified in the Miocene, mostly in Asia. The early offshoots of this radiation largely evolved into badger and marten ecological niches (Taxidiinae, Melinae, Mellivorinae, Guloninae, and Helictidinae), whereas the later divergences have adapted to other niches including those of weasels, polecats, minks, and otters (Mustelinae, Ictonychinae, and Lutrinae). Notably, and contrary to traditional beliefs, the morphological adaptations of badgers, martens, weasels, polecats, and minks each evolved independently more than once within Mustelidae. Ictonychinae (which is most closely related to Lutrinae) arose approximately 9.5-8.9 MYA, most likely in Asia, where it diverged into the Old World Ictonychini (Vormela, Poecilictis, Ictonyx, and Poecilogale) and New World Lyncodontini (Lyncodon and Galictis) lineages. Ictonychini presumably entered Africa during the Messinian Salinity Crisis (at the Miocene-Pliocene transition), which interposed the origins of this clade (approximately 6.5-6.0 MYA) and its African Poecilictis-Ictonyx-Poecilogale subclade (approximately 4.8-4.5 MYA). Lyncodontini originated approximately 2.9-2.6 MYA at the Pliocene

Published
2012

10. Honey Badgers.

Author

Begg, Colleen and Begg, Keith

Subjects
*BADGERS, *ENDANGERED species, *RARE animals, *NATURE conservation, *POISONOUS animals, *WILDLIFE conservation, *MUSTELIDAE, *DANGEROUS animals, *DESERTS
Abstract

Presents research from South African researchers Colleen and Keith Begg on habits and behavior of honey badgers in the Kalahari Desert. Establishment of a 600-square-mile study area in the Kgalagadi Transfrontier Park managed by South African and Botswana in order to closely monitor the badgers; How the honey badger is considered an endangered species in Niger and is protected in Israel and India; Consideration of how national parks and conservation areas are too small to protect sustainable populations; Ability of honey badgers to track and kill snakes such as Cape Cobras; Possibility that the badgers are resistant to snake venoms.

Published
2004

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