11 results on '"Beckmann, Gabriele"'
Search Results
2. Scenario Building for Development Cooperation – Methods Paper
- Author
-
Berg, Christian, Beckmann, Gabriele, Schelchen, Anja, and Neubert, Susanne
- Subjects
scenario technique ,Seminar für Ländliche Entwicklung ,Ländlicher Strukturwandel ,Sub-Saharan Africa ,rural transformation ,630 Landwirtschaft, Veterinärmedizin ,SLE ,ddc:630 ,Szenario Building ,scenario building ,Szenario Technik ,Centre for Rural Development ,Subsahara Afrika - Abstract
Scenarios project several possible pictures of the future. Unlike forecasts based on trend extrapolation,they do not predict what will happen but tell what could happen within a certain probabilityspace over time. In recent years, scenario building has been used extensively to explore thepotential effects of socio-economic and environmental change. The community of scenariobuilding practice uses a variety of techniques, ranging from purely quantitative techniques, i.e.computer simulations, to purely qualitative techniques, such as explorative or normative scenariotechniques. A group of hybrid techniques, including cross-impact analysis and the Delphi method,combine quantitative and qualitative elements in the scenario building process.Rural transformation, understood as a long-term process of change in fundamental features ofthe way people in rural areas live and act economically, considering their embedding in societaland global dynamics, is a complex phenomenon determined by a variety of interrelated political,economic, demographic, socio-cultural and environmental factors. Hence, building systemicscenarios of rural transformation requires a selection of important factors and the analysis oftheir mutual interdependencies. Analysing key forces behind identified influencing factors – policies,actors, institutions, regimes – allows deriving strategic recommendations to work towardsrural transformation in the desired direction.In this paper, the methodological approach to develop scenarios of rural transformation in sub-Saharan Africa will be described. On the one hand, this includes a discussion of existing techniquesfor scenario building, their characteristics and requirements. On the other hand, the paperprovides detailed practical guidance on the chosen technique and concludes with an evaluationof its application in the field.
- Published
- 2016
3. Ländlicher Strukturwandel in Subsahara Afrika
- Author
-
Rauch, Theo, Beckmann, Gabriele, Neubert, Susanne, Rettberg, Simone, and Neubert, Susanne
- Subjects
ländlich-städtische Lebenshaltungssysteme ,sozial inklusive Entwicklung ,ökologische Intensivierung ,Agrarsektor ,630 Landwirtschaft, Veterinärmedizin ,ländliche EntwicklungKleinbauern ,ddc:630 ,ländlicher Strukturwandel ,Land-Stadt-Migration ,Subsahara Afrika - Abstract
Die vorliegende Studie zum Strukturwandel in Subsahara Afrika versteht sich als konzeptioneller Beitrag zum Forschungsvorhaben „Ländlichen Strukturwandel in Afrika sozial inklusiv und ökologisch nachhaltig gestalten“. Ziel der Studie ist es, Trends des ländlichen Strukturwandels in Subsahara Afrika (SSA) aufzuzeigen, deren Einflussfaktoren zu identifizieren sowie die aktuellen Debatten zur Gestaltung dieses Strukturwandels zu skizzieren und vor dem Hintergrund der Ergebnisse der empirischen Analyse zu bewerten. Die Makroanalyse des postkolonialen Strukturwandels in SSA zeigte, dass trotz einer – in etwa mit dem Bevölkerungszuwachs einhergehenden – Verdreifachung der Agrarproduktion seit 1960 und zunehmender Verstädterung ein Strukturwandel, gemessen an den gängigen Indikatoren (Produktivitätssteigerung in der Landwirtschaft, Verlagerung zwischen den Sektoren), bisher nur in sehr verhaltenem Maße stattgefunden hat. Noch immer leben nahezu zwei Drittel aller Haushalte überwiegend von der Landwirtschaft. Die Produktionssteigerung basierte weitgehend auf einer Zunahme kleinbäuerlicher Produzenten, die zusätzliche Flächen mit nahezu unveränderten Techniken bewirtschafteten. Die Verstädterung beruht überwiegend auf einer Verlagerung der Einkommensquellen innerhalb der diversifizierten ländlich-städtischen Lebenshaltungssysteme zugunsten nicht-landwirtschaftlicher Einkommen. Diese resultieren überwiegend aus unproduktiven, informellen und unsicheren Tätigkeiten und bieten deshalb i.d.R. keine Alternative, sondern nur eine Ergänzung zu den landwirtschaftlichen Einkommensquellen. Die mangelnde Dynamik des Wachstums hinreichender und gesicherter nicht-landwirtschaftlicher Einkommensquellen in SSA bildete also das Haupthindernis für einen beschleunigten Strukturwandel. Seit 2008 zeichnen sich aber als Resultat steigender globaler Agrargüternachfrage und sich verknappender natürlicher Ressourcen Tendenzen zu einem beschleunigten ländlichen Strukturwandel in Form einer Intensivierung der Agrarproduktion ab. Dessen sozial inklusive und ökologisch nachhaltige Gestaltung erfordert es, dass die große Mehrzahl auch der ärmeren Kleinbauern in einen Prozess der ökologischen Intensivierung der Landwirtschaft einbezogen wird. Komplementär dazu bedarf es der Schaffung verbesserter nicht-landwirtschaftlicher Einkommensmöglichkeiten. Eine Strategie der Freisetzung von Arbeitskräften aus der Landwirtschaft hingegen führt zu sozialer Exklusion solange es zu keiner dynamischen Entwicklung produktiver außerlandwirtschaftlicher Beschäftigungsmöglichkeiten kommt.
- Published
- 2016
4. Rural Transformation in Sub-Saharan Africa
- Author
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Rauch, Theo, Beckmann, Gabriele, Neubert, Susanne, Rettberg, Simone, and Neubert, Susanne
- Subjects
rural transformation ,Sub-Saharan Africa ,small-scale farmers ,rural-urban migra-tion ,ecology-based intensification ,630 Landwirtschaft, Veterinärmedizin ,Structural change ,ddc:630 ,socially inclusive development ,rural-urban livelihood systems ,rural development ,agricultural sector - Abstract
The present study on rural transformation in Sub-Saharan Africa is understood as a conceptual con-tribution to the research project “Towards a Socially Inclusive and Ecologically Sustainable Rural Transformation in Africa”. Its purpose is to show rural transformation trends in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), to identify the drivers, to outline current debates on its design and to assess this against the backdrop of empirical findings. Macro-analysis of post-colonial transformation in SSA shows that despite burgeoning urbanization and the tripling of agricultural production since the 1960s – roughly in tune with population growth – only an extremely mild form of transformation has taken place so far when measured against conventional indicators (agricultural productivity growth, shifts between sectors). Almost two-thirds of all households still live foremost from the land. Heightened produc-tion was widely based on a growth in the agricultural labour force, which cultivated additional crop land with virtually unaltered methods. Urbanization, on balance, is the result of a shift in sources of income within diversified rural-urban livelihood systems from farm to off-farm income. The latter stems primarily from informal, unproductive and often precarious activities, and must be considered a supplement rather than a genuine alternative to on-farm sources of income. Lack of dynamic growth in stable off-farm income-generating activities was therefore the chief stumbling block to rapid structural change in SSA. Accelerated rural transformation in the form of intensified farm pro-duction, however, is a trend that has been observed since 2008 and was brought about by rising global demands for agricultural goods and a growing scarcity of natural resources. Shaping this transformation sustainably calls for inclusion of the overwhelming majority of poor small-scale farmers in a process of ecology-based farm intensification. Coupled with this is the need for en-hanced off-farm sources of income. A strategy that focuses on the exit of farm labour from agricul-ture, however, will lead to social exclusion unless vibrant growth in productive off-farm employment opportunities is forthcoming.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Ethiopia‘s Arid and Semi-Arid Lowlands: Towards Inclusive and Sustainable Rural Transformation
- Author
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Neubert, Susanne, Rettberg, Simone, Beckmann, Gabriele, Minah, Margitta, Schelchen, Anja, Neubert, Susanne, Rettberg, Simone, Beckmann, Gabriele, Minah, Margitta, and Schelchen, Anja
- Published
- 2017
6. Ländlicher Strukturwandel in Subsahara Afrika
- Author
-
Neubert, Susanne, Rauch, Theo, Beckmann, Gabriele, Rettberg, Simone, Neubert, Susanne, Rauch, Theo, Beckmann, Gabriele, and Rettberg, Simone
- Abstract
Die vorliegende Studie zum Strukturwandel in Subsahara Afrika versteht sich als konzeptioneller Beitrag zum Forschungsvorhaben „Ländlichen Strukturwandel in Afrika sozial inklusiv und ökologisch nachhaltig gestalten“. Ziel der Studie ist es, Trends des ländlichen Strukturwandels in Subsahara Afrika (SSA) aufzuzeigen, deren Einflussfaktoren zu identifizieren sowie die aktuellen Debatten zur Gestaltung dieses Strukturwandels zu skizzieren und vor dem Hintergrund der Ergebnisse der empirischen Analyse zu bewerten. Die Makroanalyse des postkolonialen Strukturwandels in SSA zeigte, dass trotz einer – in etwa mit dem Bevölkerungszuwachs einhergehenden – Verdreifachung der Agrarproduktion seit 1960 und zunehmender Verstädterung ein Strukturwandel, gemessen an den gängigen Indikatoren (Produktivitätssteigerung in der Landwirtschaft, Verlagerung zwischen den Sektoren), bisher nur in sehr verhaltenem Maße stattgefunden hat. Noch immer leben nahezu zwei Drittel aller Haushalte überwiegend von der Landwirtschaft. Die Produktionssteigerung basierte weitgehend auf einer Zunahme kleinbäuerlicher Produzenten, die zusätzliche Flächen mit nahezu unveränderten Techniken bewirtschafteten. Die Verstädterung beruht überwiegend auf einer Verlagerung der Einkommensquellen innerhalb der diversifizierten ländlich-städtischen Lebenshaltungssysteme zugunsten nicht-landwirtschaftlicher Einkommen. Diese resultieren überwiegend aus unproduktiven, informellen und unsicheren Tätigkeiten und bieten deshalb i.d.R. keine Alternative, sondern nur eine Ergänzung zu den landwirtschaftlichen Einkommensquellen. Die mangelnde Dynamik des Wachstums hinreichender und gesicherter nicht-landwirtschaftlicher Einkommensquellen in SSA bildete also das Haupthindernis für einen beschleunigten Strukturwandel. Seit 2008 zeichnen sich aber als Resultat steigender globaler Agrargüternachfrage und sich verknappender natürlicher Ressourcen Tendenzen zu einem beschleunigten ländlichen Strukturwandel in Form einer Intensivi
- Published
- 2016
7. Rural Transformation in Sub-Saharan Africa
- Author
-
Neubert, Susanne, Rauch, Theo, Beckmann, Gabriele, Rettberg, Simone, Neubert, Susanne, Rauch, Theo, Beckmann, Gabriele, and Rettberg, Simone
- Abstract
The present study on rural transformation in Sub-Saharan Africa is understood as a conceptual con-tribution to the research project “Towards a Socially Inclusive and Ecologically Sustainable Rural Transformation in Africa”. Its purpose is to show rural transformation trends in Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), to identify the drivers, to outline current debates on its design and to assess this against the backdrop of empirical findings. Macro-analysis of post-colonial transformation in SSA shows that despite burgeoning urbanization and the tripling of agricultural production since the 1960s – roughly in tune with population growth – only an extremely mild form of transformation has taken place so far when measured against conventional indicators (agricultural productivity growth, shifts between sectors). Almost two-thirds of all households still live foremost from the land. Heightened produc-tion was widely based on a growth in the agricultural labour force, which cultivated additional crop land with virtually unaltered methods. Urbanization, on balance, is the result of a shift in sources of income within diversified rural-urban livelihood systems from farm to off-farm income. The latter stems primarily from informal, unproductive and often precarious activities, and must be considered a supplement rather than a genuine alternative to on-farm sources of income. Lack of dynamic growth in stable off-farm income-generating activities was therefore the chief stumbling block to rapid structural change in SSA. Accelerated rural transformation in the form of intensified farm pro-duction, however, is a trend that has been observed since 2008 and was brought about by rising global demands for agricultural goods and a growing scarcity of natural resources. Shaping this transformation sustainably calls for inclusion of the overwhelming majority of poor small-scale farmers in a process of ecology-based farm intensification. Coupled with this is the need for en-hanced off-farm sources
- Published
- 2016
8. Scenario Building for Development Cooperation – Methods Paper
- Author
-
Neubert, Susanne, Berg, Christian, Beckmann, Gabriele, Schelchen, Anja, Neubert, Susanne, Berg, Christian, Beckmann, Gabriele, and Schelchen, Anja
- Abstract
Scenarios project several possible pictures of the future. Unlike forecasts based on trend extrapolation,they do not predict what will happen but tell what could happen within a certain probabilityspace over time. In recent years, scenario building has been used extensively to explore thepotential effects of socio-economic and environmental change. The community of scenariobuilding practice uses a variety of techniques, ranging from purely quantitative techniques, i.e.computer simulations, to purely qualitative techniques, such as explorative or normative scenariotechniques. A group of hybrid techniques, including cross-impact analysis and the Delphi method,combine quantitative and qualitative elements in the scenario building process.Rural transformation, understood as a long-term process of change in fundamental features ofthe way people in rural areas live and act economically, considering their embedding in societaland global dynamics, is a complex phenomenon determined by a variety of interrelated political,economic, demographic, socio-cultural and environmental factors. Hence, building systemicscenarios of rural transformation requires a selection of important factors and the analysis oftheir mutual interdependencies. Analysing key forces behind identified influencing factors – policies,actors, institutions, regimes – allows deriving strategic recommendations to work towardsrural transformation in the desired direction.In this paper, the methodological approach to develop scenarios of rural transformation in sub-Saharan Africa will be described. On the one hand, this includes a discussion of existing techniquesfor scenario building, their characteristics and requirements. On the other hand, the paperprovides detailed practical guidance on the chosen technique and concludes with an evaluationof its application in the field.
- Published
- 2016
9. Radiotherapeutic Options for Symptom Control in Breast Cancer
- Author
-
van Oorschot, Birgitt, primary, Beckmann, Gabriele, additional, Schulze, Wolfgang, additional, Rades, Dirk, additional, and Feyer, Petra, additional
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Denileukin Diftitox plus Total Skin Electron Beam Radiation in Patients with Treatment-refractory Cutaneous T-cell Lymphoma (Mycosis Fungoides): Report of Four Cases.
- Author
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Buder, Kristina, Müller, Philip A., Beckmann, Gabriele, Ugurel, Selma, Bröcker, Eva-Bettina, and Becker, Jürgen C.
- Subjects
SKIN disease treatment ,INTERLEUKIN-2 ,DIPHTHERIA toxin ,THERAPEUTIC use of electron beams ,THERAPEUTICS - Abstract
This article describes case studies of four patients with treatment-refractory mycosis fungoides (MF) who were treated with denileukin diftitox (DD) combined with simplified total skin electron beam radiation (TSEB). The patients had disease durations of two-nine years and multiple comorbidities. The cases demonstrate that a combination of DD and TSEB is an effective treatment option for refractory, intermediate stage MF, with limited toxicity.
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Phase I trial of adoptive immunotherapy of cancer patients using monocyte-derived macrophages activated with interferon γ and lipopolysaccharide
- Author
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Hennemann, Burkhard, Beckmann, Gabriele, Eichelmann, Annette, Rehm, Annegret, and Andreesen, R.
- Abstract
Abstract: Cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage have shown antitumor activity in vitro and in murine models after activation with interferon (IFN) γ. In vitro data suggest an additional effect on macrophage antitumor activity when IFNγ is combined with endotoxin (lipopolysaccharides; LPS). In this study we treated nine cancer patients with a total of 62 MAK infusion cycles with autologous macrophages given intravenously (i.v.) after in vitro activation with IFNγ and LPS. Low-grade fever (WHO I/II) was the commonest side-effect. Chills, nausea, and headache were noted when the number of transfused macrophages exceeded 2×10
8 . One WHO IV toxicity occurred, consisting of hypotension after transfer of 3×108 cells, defining this dose as the maximum cell number tolerated. After pretreatment with ibuprofen, however, the maximum cell number could be increased without reaching dose-limiting toxicity. The highest number of cells reinfused was 15×108 . Circulating interleukin(IL)-6 increased in a dose-dependent manner as did IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA) and IL-8. Tumor response consisted of one case of stable disease (12 weeks) in a patient with formerly progressing colorectal cancer and progressive diseases in eight patients. This study indicates that reinfusion of autologous LPS-activated macrophages upon pretreatment with ibuprofen is feasible and tolerated without major side-effects.- Published
- 1998
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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