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Correctly identifying target insect pests and their natural enemies is important in biological control management programs. In the scale insect outbreak that devastated the coconut industry of the Philippines in 2009, the misidentification of the destructive pest population resulted in an unsuccessful biological control application. The scale cover has been proposed as a diagnostic feature to identify the cryptic Aspidiotus species from one another. Here, we examined the scale cover of three Aspidiotus species at higher magnification using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to validate the observed difference in scale cover characteristics reported in previous literature. SEM observations revealed that the cryptic species A. destructor and A. rigidus scale covers are ultrastructurally similar, having irregularly arranged and highly agglutinated wax ribbons, whereas A. nerii has highly agglutinated wax ribbons arranged in an overlapping concentric pattern. Additionally, a comparative observation of the ovipositor of the hymenopteran parasitoids directly associated with the two cryptic Aspidiotus species, A. rigidus and A. destructor, was done to provide structural evidence that links ovipositor structure to host specificity. The structure of the ovipositor tip of the hymenopteran parasitoids directly associated with the two Aspidiotus species examined under SEM is congruent with their mode of parasitization.

Halal certification is a vital component of the food industry. The increasing popularity of Halal-certified foods among non-Muslim consumers is attributed to food safety and wholesomeness. This study aimed to determine the knowledge and attitude of non-Muslim consumers towards Halal-certified foods. Out of 342 college students who participated in the online survey, 28.4% considered flavour as the most important factor in choosing food, followed by health (27.8%), and safety (23.4%). On the other hand, 82.5% regarded religious reasons as the least important. Moreover, 40% defined Halal as Muslim food and food preparation, with media (89.5%) and the community (88%) as common sources of Halal information. In terms of their knowledge, 50.3% of non-Muslim college students have a moderate level of knowledge, and 55% have a neutral attitude towards Halal. These results imply the need for strategies to increase Halal awareness and improve the knowledge and attitude of non-Muslim consumers. Social media may be a useful platform to disseminate information as this has been identified by most respondents as their source of information.

In the heightened effects of the pandemic, health resources have been in constant limbo as supplies and availability of hospital resources take a toll as COVID-19 cases surge, resulting in shortages. Thus, health systems are overwhelmed, resulting in a higher fatality rate since the capacity to provide medical attention is diminished. In this paper, hospital resources refer to mechanical ventilators, ICU, isolation, and ward beds which are the critical factors of the case fatality rate (CFR) of COVID-19 in the Philippines. Data were retrieved from the Department of Health (DOH) Case Bulletins from October 26, 2020, to June 30, 2021, with 248 total observations. This research used the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) Multiple Regression to determine if hospital resources are the predictors of the case fatality rate of COVID-19. Furthermore, the results show a significant relationship between the hospital resources and the case fatality rate of COVID-19 in the Philippines. This study can become a framework for further research concerned about hospital resources as the predictors of case fatality rates of different diseases in a pandemic.

In the internet era, the digital architecture that keeps us connected and informed may also amplify the spread of misinformation. This problem is gaining global attention, as evidence accumulates that misinformation may interfere with democratic processes and undermine collective responses to environmental and health crises. In an increasingly polluted information ecosystem, understanding the factors underlying the generation and spread of misinformation is becoming a pressing scientific and societal challenge. Here, we studied the global spread of (mis-)information on spiders using a high-resolution global database of online newspaper articles on spider-human interactions, covering stories of spider-human encounters and biting events published from 2010-20204. We found that 47% of articles contained errors and 43% were sensationalist. Moreover, we show that the flow of spider-related news occurs within a highly interconnected global network and provide evidence that sensationalism is a key factor underlying the spread of misinformation. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

This study aimed to examine the phytochemical levels of crude “tabon-tabon” (Atuna racemosa Raf.) fruit extracts subjected to air-drying, oven-drying, and freeze-drying. It also sought to validate the claims of previous literature on the fruit’s antimicrobial properties by using its aqueous extracts as an antibacterial wash for green ice leaf lettuce. Phytochemical analysis revealed significantly higher (p < 0.05) levels of alkaloids and tannins compared to coumarins, saponins, and terpenoids. The highest alkaloid content (16.25 ± 1%) was obtained using oven- drying, whereas the highest tannin content was obtained using freeze-drying (14.14 ± 1.13%). In vivo antibacterial assay against Escherichia coli was performed to test the aqueous extracts alongside 200 ppm chlorine solution and water for comparison. Artificially-inoculated lettuce samples were individually soaked in 15-mL solution at 2- and 5-min contact times. Bacterial load was determined at a 2-d interval for a period of 8 d. Results of the microbiological analysis showed no significant interaction in the soaking time used. However, the treatments were independently found to have significant effects on Days 0, 4, and 6. The highest antibacterial effect in green ice lettuce was exhibited up to Day 6.

The study aimed to investigate the effect of heat treatments on the proximate composition, caloric value, carbohydrate profile and physicochemical characteristics of Adlai and Obatanpa cross Lagkitan corn variety (OxL). Different percentages of Adlai were incorporated to OxL corn and sensory evaluation revealed that 90% adlai: 10% OxL corn blend was the most acceptable proportion. The raw, boiled and canned pure adlai, pure OxL corn and the most acceptable adlai-corn blend were used in the study. Results showed that after boiling, all samples fell under the soft gel consistency category (65-100 mm) and have a high gelatinization temperature (>74oC). In adlai, OxL corn and adlaicorn blend samples, values of moisture and crude fat increased significantly (p0.05) different. Overall, heat treatment significantly reduced the nutritional value of adlai, OxL corn and adlai-corn blend.

Cassava is one of the staple food crops grown in tropical and subtropical countries, including the Philippines. It is a cheap source of energy-dense food packed with minerals and vitamins comparable to those of many legumes. The purpose of the study was to investigate the physicochemical, nutritional, and sensory properties of cassava utilized as rice-like grains (RLGs). Four cassava varieties namely Lakan 1, Lakan 2, Rajah 4, and Binulak were utilized in the study. Results revealed that the products fall under the category of hard gel consistency. Lakan 1 had high gelatinization temperature (>74°C) while the other three gelanitized within the intermediate temperature range (70- 74°C). Lakan 1 had the highest moisture content (46.70%), Lakan 2 had the highest fat content (8.95%), whereas varieties with highest carbohydrate content are Rajah 4 (52.09%) and Binulak (52.11%). While all four varieties were similar in terms of other nutritional qualities: protein (1.18-1.32%), ash (0.35-0.81%), fiber (0.99-1.32%), Calcium (27.56- 28.62%), and Zinc (0.23-0.32%). In terms of carbohydrate profile, Lakan 2 had the highest starch content (71.33%), lowest amylose (17.4%), highest amylopectin (53.93%), highest estimated glycemic index (60.49, moderate GI), and lowest total dietary fiber (4.4%). The rice-like grains made from cassava were superior to rice in terms of its higher calcium content (28 mg/100 g), lower glycemic index, greater total dietary fiber (4.4- 5.4%), and longer shelf-life (11 months). Among the varieties, Rajah 4 was found to be exceptional in terms of the properties mentioned and was most liked by panelists

The study was designed to produce a nutrient-dense polvoron bar from the optimized mixture of Saba-peel, monggo, and malunggay using simplex lattice design (RSM-SLD). Polvoron bar was also evaluated analytically including proximate, iron, total dietary fiber (TDF), and vitamin A content. Shelf stability, consumer acceptability, and microbial assessment of the sample were determined. Results showed that the optimal combination of ingredients was 37%, 52%, and 11% for saba peel flour, monggo flour, and malunggay powder, respectively. Proximate composition revealed that a fresh sample can provide 66% of carbohydrates, 12.17% protein, and 17% of fats. Every 100 g has 1.43 mg Fe content, 1.78 g TDF, and 91.25 mg vitamin A. The optimized product can last up to 111, 98, and 54 days at 30°C, 40°C, and 50°C, respectively, while total aerobic bacteria, yeast and molds, and coliform count are within the acceptable limits of the FDA standards.

COVID-19 had resulted in significant educational reforms. Face-to-face classrooms were transformed into other learning modalities, including distance learning. Learning was possible but has challenges as well. As a result, the purpose of this study was to determine the experiences of junior high school students in the District 1 Province of Batangas in the pre-implementation of distance learning in the new normal. Specifically, it aimed to achieve the following statements: [1] describe the distance learning experiences of mathematics students in the following as assessed by teachers and students themselves specifically with [1.1] modular distance learning; [1.2] online distance learning; and [1.3] tv/radio-based instruction, [2] find the difference in the assessments made by the teachers and students, and [3] identify the coping mechanism in the difficulties encountered in distance learning. The respondents were selected through a multi-stage sampling and answered the survey questionnaire through a Google form. The documented assessments were recorded and coded. Results identified that the student’s experiences in the new normal can be summarized into three significant themes: having difficulties answering their modules, spending their whole day finishing their assignments, and fearing nothing learned in the modality they chose for their distance learning. However, there was a significant difference in the assessment made by mathematics students and teachers in modular distance learning. On the other hand, there was no significant difference in the assessment made in online distance learning. Additionally, the students' coping mechanisms had three themes; taking a bath, organizing things for a conducive environment, and thinking positively. The following conclusions were drawn based on the findings: In distance learning, the majority of students struggled to study independently; there was a significant difference in teacher and student assessments in modular distance learning; and students in distance learning require support from their parents and teachers.

Wang, Luyu, Lu, Tian, Cai, Ducheng, Barrion, Alberto Tomas, Heong, Kong-Luen, Li, Shuqiang, Zhang, Zhisheng (2021): Review of the wolf spiders from Hainan Island, China (Araneae: Lycosidae). Zoological Systematics 46 (1): 16-74, DOI: 10.11865/zs.2021102

Genus Allotrochosina Roewer, 1960 Allotrochosina Roewer, 1960: 927. Type species: Lycosa schauinslandi Simon, 1899, from New Zealand. Remarks. This is the first record of this genus from China. Prior to this study, three species were known, all from Australia and New Zealand (WSC, 2020). Diagnostic characteristics include: lack of bristles on tip of the male palp; subtegulum elongated, situated along the prolateral margin of the cymbium; embolus and terminal apophysis reduced and crowded together at tip of bulb (Vink, 2001; Framenau, 2008)., Published as part of Wang, Luyu, Lu, Tian, Cai, Ducheng, Barrion, Alberto Tomas, Heong, Kong-Luen, Li, Shuqiang & Zhang, Zhisheng, 2021, Review of the wolf spiders from Hainan Island, China (Araneae: Lycosidae), pp. 16-74 in Zoological Systematics 46 (1) on page 17, DOI: 10.11865/zs.2021102, http://zenodo.org/record/5366340, {"references":["Roewer, C. F. 1960. Araneae Lycosaeformia II (Lycosidae) (Fortsetzung und Schluss). Exploration du Parc National de l'Upemba, Mission G. F. de Witte, 55: 519 - 1040.","WSC. 2020. World Spider Catalog. Version 21.5. Natural History Museum Bern. Available from: http: // wsc. nmbe. ch (accessed on 9 November 2020). doi: 10.24436 / 2.","Vink, C. J. 2001. A revision of the genus Allotrochosina Roewer (Araneae: Lycosidae). Invertebrate Taxonomy, 15 (4): 461 - 466.","Framenau, V. W. 2008. A new species in the wolf spider genus Allotrochosina from New South Wales, Australia (Araneae, Lycosidae). Journal of Arachnology, 35: 463 - 469."]}

Genus Piratula Roewer, 1960 Piratula Roewer, 1960: 677. Type species: Pirata hygrophilus Thorell, 1872, from Europe. Remarks. Currently, 27 species are known worldwide, of which 11 species are reported from China (WSC, 2020)., Published as part of Wang, Luyu, Lu, Tian, Cai, Ducheng, Barrion, Alberto Tomas, Heong, Kong-Luen, Li, Shuqiang & Zhang, Zhisheng, 2021, Review of the wolf spiders from Hainan Island, China (Araneae: Lycosidae), pp. 16-74 in Zoological Systematics 46 (1) on page 55, DOI: 10.11865/zs.2021102, http://zenodo.org/record/5366340, {"references":["Roewer, C. F. 1960. Araneae Lycosaeformia II (Lycosidae) (Fortsetzung und Schluss). Exploration du Parc National de l'Upemba, Mission G. F. de Witte, 55: 519 - 1040.","WSC. 2020. World Spider Catalog. Version 21.5. Natural History Museum Bern. Available from: http: // wsc. nmbe. ch (accessed on 9 November 2020). doi: 10.24436 / 2."]}

Genus Lysania Thorell, 1890 Lysania Thorell, 1890a: 312. Type species: Lysania pygmaea Thorell, 1890, from Malaysia. Remarks. Currently, 4 species are known from Asia, of which 2 species are reported from China (WSC, 2020)., Published as part of Wang, Luyu, Lu, Tian, Cai, Ducheng, Barrion, Alberto Tomas, Heong, Kong-Luen, Li, Shuqiang & Zhang, Zhisheng, 2021, Review of the wolf spiders from Hainan Island, China (Araneae: Lycosidae), pp. 16-74 in Zoological Systematics 46 (1) on page 40, DOI: 10.11865/zs.2021102, http://zenodo.org/record/5366340, {"references":["Thorell, T. 1890 a. Arachnidi di Pinang raccolti nel 1889 dai Signori L. Loria e L. Fea. Annali del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Genova, 30: 269 - 383.","WSC. 2020. World Spider Catalog. Version 21.5. Natural History Museum Bern. Available from: http: // wsc. nmbe. ch (accessed on 9 November 2020). doi: 10.24436 / 2."]}

Trochosa honggiana Barrion, Barrion-Dupo & Heong, 2012 (Figs 61A–C, 62A–B) Trochosa honggiana Barrion, Barrion-Dupo & Heong, 2012: 20, figs 21A–B (&female;). Material examined. 1&female; (holotype), Haiko, Honggi Village, 9.IV.2011, A. T. Barrion, J.L.A. Catindig & S.C. Villareal leg. (HANU). Diagnosis. The female of this species is similar to T. ruricoloides Schenkel, 1963 (Figs 63G–H, 65C–D) but differs by the robust septum and the large spermathecal heads of the epigyne (Figs 61B–C, 62A–B). Description. Female (Fig. 61A) total length 21.97. Carapace 8.23 long, 6.21 wide; opisthosoma 12.29 long, 7.44 wide. Carapace brown. Eye region black. Cervical groove and radial furrows indistinct. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.30, ALE 0.26, PME 0.75, PLE 0.61; AME–AME 0.21, AME–ALE 0.15, PME–PLE 0.69. Clypeus height 0.71. Chelicerae elongate, black-brown. Labium black-brown. Endites black-brown, longer than wide. Sternum black-brown and scutellate, with brown setae. Legs brown, with black pigmentation. Leg measurements: I 22.44 (6.58, 8.06, 4.68, 3.12); II 20.52 (5.86, 7.08, 4.31, 3.27); III 19.17 (5.15, 6.32, 4.68, 3.02); IV 27.38 (7.17, 8.94, 7.56, 3.71). Opisthosoma oval. Dorsum of opisthosoma grey-brown, cardiac mark indistinct. Ventrum black. Epigyne (Figs 61B–C, 62A–B). Septum broad, inverse T-shaped. Spermathecal heads large and round, spermathecal stalks wide, only constricted near spermathecal heads. Fertilization ducts short. Male unknown. Distribution. China (Hainan)., Published as part of Wang, Luyu, Lu, Tian, Cai, Ducheng, Barrion, Alberto Tomas, Heong, Kong-Luen, Li, Shuqiang & Zhang, Zhisheng, 2021, Review of the wolf spiders from Hainan Island, China (Araneae: Lycosidae), pp. 16-74 in Zoological Systematics 46 (1) on pages 61-64, DOI: 10.11865/zs.2021102, http://zenodo.org/record/5366340, {"references":["Schenkel, E. 1963. Ostasiatische Spinnen aus dem Museum d'Histoire naturelle de Paris. Memoires du Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle de Paris (A, Zool.), 25: 1 - 481."]}

Allotrochosina huangi Wang, Li & Zhang, sp. nov. (Figs 1A–B, 3A–I, 4A–D, 5A–E) Type material. Holotype &male;, Ledong County, Jianfengling Nature Reserve, Mingfeng Valley, 18°44.485′N, 108°50.812′E, elev. 960 m, 28.III.2015, L.Y. Wang & G.Q. Huang leg. (SWUC). Paratypes. 9&male; 13&female;, same data as holotype (SWUC); 2&male; 4&female;, Jianfengling Nature Reserve, Wufengqu, 18°44.415′N, 108°51.802′E, elev. 900 m, 18 May 2011, Y.Y. Zhou leg. (IZCAS). Etymology. The specific name comes from the family name of the collector, Guiqiang Huang; noun (name) in genitive case. Diagnosis. The new species resembles A. schauinslandi (Simon, 1899) (Vink, 2002: 18, figs 7, 34, 41, 68, 95; Framenau, 2008: 467, fig. 7) but differs by the crescent-shaped embolus (Figs 3C–G, 4A–D, 5A–C); the embolus is needle-shaped, and the embolic division has a small beak-shaped projection in A. schauinslandi. Females can be differentiated by the shape and orientation of the spermathecae (Figs 3H–I, 5D–E). Description. Male. Total length 2.66–2.91. Holotype (Fig. 3A) total length 2.85. Carapace 1.60 long, 1.11 wide; opisthosoma 1.24 long, 0.78 wide. Live specimens with a long stripe of white setae from the base of the median eyes to the base of the spinnerets. Carapace yellow-brown. Eye region black. Cervical groove distinct, radial furrows indistinct. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.06, ALE 0.05, PME 0.23, PLE 0.17; AME–AME 0.05, AME–ALE 0.07, PME–PME 0.14, PME–PLE 0.16. Clypeus 0.08 high. Chelicerae yellow-brown, with 3 promarginal and 2 retromarginal teeth. Labium yellowish brown. Endites yellow-brown. Sternum yellowish brown and scutellate, with sparse, yellow-brown setae. Legs yellowish brown. Leg measurements: I 4.11 (1.03, 1.36, 1.08, 0.64); II 3.70 (1.04, 1.28, 0.87, 0.51); III 3.69 (1.02, 1.15, 1.01, 0.51); IV 5.20 (1.30, 1.66, 1.50, 0.74). Dorsum yellow-brown, with black pigmentation. Ventrum yellowish brown. Palp (Figs 3C–G, 4A–D, 5A–C). Terminal apophysis small, hook-shaped, covered by conductor. Median apophysis liver-shaped, slightly sclerotized. Embolus crescent-shaped. Conductor wide, membranous, tapering distally. Female (paratype, Fig. 3B) total length 5.37. Carapace 2.52 long, 1.70 wide; opisthosoma 2.85 long, 1.71 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.05, ALE 0.06, PME 0.26, PLE 0.20; AME–AME 0.05, AME–ALE 0.10, PME–PME 0.15, PME–PLE 0.21. Clypeus height 0.08. Leg measurements: I 4.97 (1.43, 1.70, 1.12, 0.72); II 4.66 (1.32, 1.56, 1.11, 0.67); III 4.61 (1.30, 1.53, 1.19, 0.59); IV 6.55 (1.74, 2.07, 1.85, 0.89). Leg formula: 4123. Opisthosoma oval. Dorsum of opisthosoma yellow-brown, with black pigmentation. Ventrum yellow-brown. Epigyne (Figs 3H–I, 5D–E). Spermathecal heads round. Spermathecal stalks V-shaped, joined at the base, separated from each other by two times the length of a fertilization duct. Fertilization ducts relatively large, crescent-shaped. Distribution. China (Hainan)., Published as part of Wang, Luyu, Lu, Tian, Cai, Ducheng, Barrion, Alberto Tomas, Heong, Kong-Luen, Li, Shuqiang & Zhang, Zhisheng, 2021, Review of the wolf spiders from Hainan Island, China (Araneae: Lycosidae), pp. 16-74 in Zoological Systematics 46 (1) on pages 17-21, DOI: 10.11865/zs.2021102, http://zenodo.org/record/5366340, {"references":["Vink, C. J. 2002. Lycosidae (Arachnida: Araneae). Fauna of New Zealand, 44: 1 - 94.","Framenau, V. W. 2008. A new species in the wolf spider genus Allotrochosina from New South Wales, Australia (Araneae, Lycosidae). Journal of Arachnology, 35: 463 - 469.","Tanaka, H. 1985. Descriptions of new species of the Lycosidae (Araneae) from Japan. Acta Arachnologica, Tokyo, 33: 51 - 87."]}

Genus Hippasa Simon, 1885 Hippasa Simon, 1885: 31. Type species: Pirata agelenoides Simon, 1884, from India. Remarks. Currently 37 species are known worldwide, of which 3 species are reported from China (WSC, 2020)., Published as part of Wang, Luyu, Lu, Tian, Cai, Ducheng, Barrion, Alberto Tomas, Heong, Kong-Luen, Li, Shuqiang & Zhang, Zhisheng, 2021, Review of the wolf spiders from Hainan Island, China (Araneae: Lycosidae), pp. 16-74 in Zoological Systematics 46 (1) on page 36, DOI: 10.11865/zs.2021102, http://zenodo.org/record/5366340, {"references":["Simon, E. 1885. Materiaux pour servir a la faune arachnologiques de l'Asie meridionale. I. Arachnides recueillis a Wagra-Karoor pres Gundacul, district de Bellary par M. M. Chaper. II. Arachnides recueillis a Ramnad, district de Madura par M. l'abbe Fabre. Bulletin de la Societe Zoologique de France, 10: 1 - 39.","WSC. 2020. World Spider Catalog. Version 21.5. Natural History Museum Bern. Available from: http: // wsc. nmbe. ch (accessed on 9 November 2020). doi: 10.24436 / 2."]}

Zoica hainan Wang, Li & Zhang, sp. nov. (Figs 72A–H, 73A–D, 74A–D) Type material. Holotype &male;, Haikou City, Dongzhaigang Mangrove Nature Reserve, 19°57.113′N, 110°33.983′E, elev. - 2 m, 20.VIII.2007, C.X. Wang leg. (IZCAS); Paratypes (7&male; 8&female;). 4&male; 4&female;, same data as holotype (IZCAS); 1&male; 3&female;, Haikou City, Dongzhaigang Mangrove Nature Reserve, 19°57.113′N, 110°33.983′E, elev. - 2 m, 20.VIII.2007, S. Li leg. (IZCAS); 2&male; 1&female;, Ding’an County, Tongren Village, 19°30.953′N, 110°18.904′E, elev. 58 m, 27. VI.2019, L.Y. Wang, T. Yuan, K. Yu & J.X. Zhao leg. (SWUC). Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the type locality; noun in apposition. Diagnosis. The new species resembles Z. unciformis Li, Wang & Zhang, 2013 (Li, Wang & Zhang, 2013: 30, figs 5A– E, 6A–H) but differs by the lateral apophysis with two small projections, the inner projection spinelike, the outer projection longer than wide with a sharp tip (Figs 72C–F, 73A–D, 74A–B); in Z. unciformis, the lateral apophysis is sinuous, slightly curved, with a small outgrowth. Terminal apophysis covers embolus in the new species (Figs 72C–F, 73A–D, 74A–B) but not in Z. unciformis. Spermathecae round in the new species (Figs 72G–H, 74C–D) but oval in Z. unciformis. Description. Male. Total length 0.99–1.39. Holotype (Fig. 72A) total length 1.05. Carapace 0.56 long, 0.40 wide; opisthosoma 0.50 long, 0.33 wide. Carapace uniformly yellow-brown. Eye region black. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.08, ALE 0.08, PME 0.12, PLE 0.09; AME–AME 0.02, AME–ALE 0.02, PME–PME 0.05, PME–PLE 0.04. Clypeus height 0.07. Chelicerae elongate, yellowish brown, with three promarginal and two retromarginal teeth. Labium yellowish brown. Endites yellowish brown. Sternum yellowish brown, with sparse brown setae. Legs yellowish brown. Leg measurements: I 2.57 (0.79, 0.93, 0.39, 0.46); II 2.41 (0.72, 0.82, 0.47, 0.40); III 1.69 (0.50, 0.43, 0.31, 0.45); IV 3.20 (0.91, 1.06, 0.76, 0.47). Opisthosoma brown. Venter yellowish brown. Palp (Figs 72C–F, 73A–D, 74A–B). Lateral apophysis with two small projections, inner projection spinelike, outer projection longer than wide with sharp tip. Terminal apophysis leaf-shaped with pointed tip. Conductor wide, membranous, with a pointed tip. Embolus stout, covered by terminal apophysis. Female (paratype, Fig. 72B) total length 1.40. Carapace 0.68 long, 0.49 wide; opisthosoma 0.65 long, 0.49 wide. Eye sizes and interdistances: AME 0.07, ALE 0.08, PME 0.13, PLE 0.09; AME–AME 0.02, AME–ALE 0.02, PME–PME 0.05, PME–PLE 0.06. Clypeus height 0.05. Leg measurements: I 2.75 (0.84, 0.90, 0.55, 0.46); II 2.58 (0.78, 0.85, 0.53, 0.42); III 2.54 (0.79, 0.80, 0.54, 0.41); IV 3.16 (0.89, 1.13, 0.75, 0.39). Opisthosoma yellow-brown. Epigyne (Figs 72G–H, 74C–D). Copulatory openings located posteriorly, separated by the diameter of the opening. Spermathecal heads round. Spermathecal stalks wide. Fertilization ducts long and hooklike. Distribution. Known only from the type locality, Hainan Island, China. Funding This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31672278, 31702005), the Key Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing (cstc2019jcyj-zdxmX0006) and the Investigation Project of Basic Science and Technology (2018 FY100305) to Zhisheng Zhang and Luyu Wang. Acknowledgements The manuscript benefited greatly from comments by two anonymous referees. Sarah Crews checked the English. Theo Blick checked etymology. We thank Feng Zhang and Tianlang Lv for the loan of specimens and Guiqiang Huang for his assistance during field work and collection., Published as part of Wang, Luyu, Lu, Tian, Cai, Ducheng, Barrion, Alberto Tomas, Heong, Kong-Luen, Li, Shuqiang & Zhang, Zhisheng, 2021, Review of the wolf spiders from Hainan Island, China (Araneae: Lycosidae), pp. 16-74 in Zoological Systematics 46 (1) on pages 70-72, DOI: 10.11865/zs.2021102, http://zenodo.org/record/5366340

Wadicosa fidelis (O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872) (Figs 66A–H, 67A–D, 68A–D) Lycosa fidelis O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1872: 319 (&male;). For full list of publications and synonyms concerning this species, see WSC (2020). Description. See Kronestedt & Zyuzin (2009) for both sexes. Habitus, male palp and epigyne as in Figs 66A–H, 67A– D, 68A–D. Material examined. 4&male; 7&female;, Dongfang City, Datian Town, Jubian Bridge, 19°08.451′N, 108°50.641′E, elev. 59 m, 28.III.2015, L.Y. Wang & G.Q. Huang leg. (SWUC). Distribution. South China, Mediterranean, West, Central, South, Southeast and East Asia., Published as part of Wang, Luyu, Lu, Tian, Cai, Ducheng, Barrion, Alberto Tomas, Heong, Kong-Luen, Li, Shuqiang & Zhang, Zhisheng, 2021, Review of the wolf spiders from Hainan Island, China (Araneae: Lycosidae), pp. 16-74 in Zoological Systematics 46 (1) on pages 66-68, DOI: 10.11865/zs.2021102, http://zenodo.org/record/5366340, {"references":["WSC. 2020. World Spider Catalog. Version 21.5. Natural History Museum Bern. Available from: http: // wsc. nmbe. ch (accessed on 9 November 2020). doi: 10.24436 / 2."]}