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Graves' disease (GD) is an autoimmune disease that affects the thyroid and the eyes. Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO), an autoimmune disease, usually appears 18 months after GD diagnosis. Clinical activity and disease severity determine the strategy, with steroid treatment recommended during active disease progression.

Amirah Aldawood,1 Sultan Bakri,1 Batool Alotaibi2 1Ophthalmology Department, Dhahran Eye Specialist Hospital, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia; 2Ophthalmology Department, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi ArabiaCorrespondence: Sultan Bakri, Ophthalmology Department, Dhahran Eye Specialist Hospital, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia, Tel +966 553324350, Email soltan.bakri@hotmail.comAbstract: Anterior Segment Dysgenesis (ASD) represents a spectrum of rare, congenital disorders that pose significant challenges to ophthalmological management due to their complex and heterogeneous nature. The management of ASD becomes particularly complex when associated with other serious ocular conditions. This report discusses the case of a 4-year-old girl diagnosed with ASD exhibiting a combination of sclerocornea, aphakia, aniridia, and secondary glaucoma. Owing to the complexity of such condition, a multi-disciplinary approach is required. Despite successful initial surgical interventions on the left eye, eye was lost due to subsequent endophthalmitis and retinal detachment, resulting in a decision to adopt a conservative, non-surgical approach for the right eye. Although a series of therapeutic interventions have been performed, the final visual outcome was poor, demonstrating the complexity and seriousness of such cases. This case serves as a reminder of the need for regular follow-up, prompt recognition, and management of potential complications. Further research is necessary to optimize the outcomes in patients with similar presentations.Keywords: congenital aniridia, aphakia, secondary glaucoma, sclerocornea, case report

Social networking web sites is not a new medium for users. The growth of this media helps students communicate and socialize with their friends or followers and used for education. The retention number of students is an issue or real problem in higher educational institutions since it is related to institution overall performance. This research focused on how students' involvement in social network web site for educational purposes can have a positive effect to their studies and can help institution to retain number of students in the institution. During the research study, students did give full cooperation and involvement in the group that created and dedicated to their collaborative learning. Facebook is the social networking website that used to support learning. The research method applied was survey and the questionnaires distributed to 40 students who got probations result (the Cumulative Grade Point Average (CGPA) was below 2.00) from various academic programs. The result showed that social network website plays an important role in education. The finding also showed that the probation students improve their CGPA and status, while the institution able to maintain their student retention number.

Sophie J Bakri,1,* Christian K Brinkmann,2,* Amy Mulvey,3 Kathy Steinberg,3 Roz Katz,4 Pooja Vatsyayan,4 Sujata P Sarda,5 Nancy M Holekamp6 1Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; 2Department of Ophthalmology, Dietrich-Bonhoeffer Hospital, Neubrandenburg, MV, Germany; 3Media and Communications Research, The Harris Poll, Chicago, IL, USA; 4Global Commercial Strategy, Ophthalmology, Apellis Pharmaceuticals Inc, Waltham, MA, USA; 5Health Economics and Outcomes Research, Apellis Pharmaceuticals Inc, Waltham, MA, USA; 6Retina Services, Pepose Vision Institute, Chesterfield, MO, USA*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Sophie J Bakri, Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA, Tel +1 507-284-3614, Email Bakri.Sophie@mayo.eduBackground: Geographic atrophy (GA) is an advanced form of age-related macular degeneration leading to irreversible vision loss and negative impacts on quality of life.Methods: To assess the experiences of living with GA, the Geographic Atrophy Insights Survey (GAINS) was conducted between October 12, 2021, and December 10, 2021, captured the responses of individuals ≥ 60 years with a self-reported GA diagnosis residing in the United States, Canada, Australia, and six European countries. Survey questions focused on the perceptions of individuals living with GA and covered six themes: speed of disease progression, effect on independence, impact on quality of life, emotional toll of GA, misconceptions and need for further education about GA, and clinician interactions. An exploratory comparison between participants with unilateral and bilateral GA was conducted.Results: The survey included 203 individuals with a mean age of 70 years; 42% had bilateral GA. Most respondents (77%) agreed (“strongly” or “somewhat agreed”) that GA impacted their vision faster than expected, and 68% agreed that it is hard to enjoy life fully the way they did before GA diagnosis. Regarding comparisons between individuals with bilateral and unilateral GA, both groups reported similar “major” or “moderate” negative impacts on their ability to drive (73% vs 75%, respectively), followed by the ability to read (66% vs 71%), and ability to travel as much as they would prefer (62% vs 62%). Among participants, 49% and 56% of respondents with bilateral and unilateral GA, respectively, reported major/moderate negative impacts on self-confidence and 40% of both cohorts reported major/moderate negative impacts on mental health.Conclusion: Our survey provides further insight on the burden experienced by individuals living with GA. We find similar responses between unilateral and bilateral GA groups, highlighting the impact GA may have on an individual’s quality of life even when only one eye is affected.Keywords: geographic atrophy, age-related macular degeneration, atrophic AMD, burden of illness, quality of life, patient survey

Sophie J Bakri,1 Winfried MK Amoaku,2 Danielle Altman,3 Stéphane Quéré,4 Jaclyn Quilantan,5 Julia Carpenter-Conlin,5 Sujata P Sarda,5 Daniel L Jones,5 Jared S Nielsen6, † 1Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA; 2Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Queens Medical Centre, Nottingham, England, UK; 3Modus Outcomes, a THREAD Company, Cary, NC, USA; 4Modus Outcomes, a THREAD Company, Lyon, France; 5Apellis Pharmaceuticals, Inc, Waltham, MA, USA; 6Wolfe Eye Clinic PC, West Des Moines, IA, USA†Dr Jared S Nielsen passed away on June 14, 2024Correspondence: Sophie J Bakri, Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First St. SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA, Tel +1 507-284-3614, Email bakri.sophie@mayo.eduPurpose: Geographic atrophy (GA) impacts both patients and caregivers, yet little is understood about their respective burdens. The MOSAIC study aimed to identify the clinical, emotional, and financial burden among patients with GA and caregivers.Methods: A total of 28 patients with GA and 17 caregivers from the United States (US), the United Kingdom, and Australia participated in individualized qualitative interviews followed by a cross-sectional quantitative survey of 102 patients and 102 caregivers in the US. Interview transcripts were analyzed to develop conceptual models, which were then used to guide the design of quantitative surveys. Data were described at the item level and score level when appropriate (National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire [NEI VFQ]-39 and Zarit Burden Interview [ZBI]). For the patient/caregiver dyad sample, the association between the NEI VFQ-39 scores and ZBI score was explored through correlation coefficients and scatterplots.Results: GA had a substantial impact on patients’ vision-related quality of life, activities of daily living, and instrumental activities of daily living. There was considerable overlap between perspectives and key concerns identified by patients and caregivers. Eighty-three percent of caregivers reported having to drive patients to appointments due to limited patient mobility, for example, and 41% reported a change in their employment status after becoming a caregiver, with 50% of them unable to work due to caregiving. The burden of patients and caregivers had a correlation ranging from − 0.63 to − 0.21 between NEI VFQ-39 subscale and composite scores and ZBI score.Conclusion: This study confirms the paucity of support for both patients with GA and caregivers. Both groups require expanded access to financial, social, and mental health resources.Plain Language Summary: What is this summary about?People with geographic atrophy, also called GA, can lose their eyesight and have a hard time driving, reading, and recognizing faces. This can worsen their quality of life. Often, people with GA need someone to care for them. The MOSAIC study was done to find out how GA affects health, happiness, and finances of people with GA and their caregivers.What were the results?One hundred and two people with GA and 102 caregivers in the United States were interviewed. The average age of people with GA was 68 years and of caregivers was 46 years. The findings showed that most people with GA did not drive because of their poor eyesight and instead counted on their caregivers to drive them to doctor appointments and other places. They also had a reading and doing things around their home because of their worsened eyesight.Both people with GA and caregivers said they felt stressed. They both worried about spending money on things they need to make living with GA easier. They also felt stressed about their finances because they could not work as much. People with GA worried most about losing their independence and caregivers worried most about the future of their loved one with GA.What do the results mean?This study showed that GA has a serious effect on people’s health and quality of life while also having a major impact on their caregivers.Keywords: age-related macular degeneration, functional vision, geographic atrophy, health-related quality of life, caregiver burden, disease burden

Hydrothermal synthesis of kalsilite was facilitated by the inclusion of potassium carbonate (K2CO3) as the source of the potassium ion. After a 24 h reaction at 220 °C, kaolin clay treated with 1.25 M K2CO3 showed the most significant peaks at 2θ of 28.5° and 34.7° by X-ray diffraction corresponding to the hexagonal kalsilite. In addition, field emission scanning electron microscopy images also revealed hexagonal particles proving the formation of the desired mineral. The orthorhombic boehmite and monoclinic bayerite were formed as the dominant phases at lower K2CO3 molarity (<1.0 M), whereas kalsilite was recognized as the minor crystalline phase. The crystallinity of hexagonal kalsilite increased at higher K2CO3 concentration (>1.0 M) while the reaction temperature remained at 220 °C. Furthermore, the energy dispersive spectroscopy pattern of kalsilite showed a significant atomic percentage of potassium in the aluminosilicate material, indicating its formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ismail Abuallut,1 Elham A Qumayi,2 Azah Jabir Mohana,3 Norah M Almalki,2 Majdah E Ghilan,2 Fatimah H Dallak,2 Sarah Mohammed Mahzari,2 Almoayad Makrami,4 Amal Tawhari,2 Reham Eissa Ajeebi,2 Sultan Mousa Bakri4 1Department of Surgery, Ophthalmology Division, College of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia; 2College of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia; 3Jazan University Hospital, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia; 4Ophthalmology Department, Prince Mohammed bin Naser Hospital, Jazan, Saudi ArabiaCorrespondence: Ismail Abuallut, Department of Surgery, Ophthalmology Division, College of Medicine, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia, Email iabuallut@jazanu.edu.saPurpose: To assess the connection between the prevalence of asthenopia and the use of electronic devices in Jazan, Saudi Arabia, during the COVID-19 pandemic.Patients and Methods: Asthenopia prevalence and its connection to electronic screens during the COVID-19 pandemic were evaluated in an analytical, cross-sectional investigation among the Jazan population. The sample population included 784 participants. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic, a pre-tested, organized, and self-administered questionnaire was used as the study method. Social media invitations were used to contact the sample group.Results: Of the 784 participants, 587 (74.96%) had asthenopia symptoms after using digital devices at the end of the day. A total of 56.30% used digital gadgets for > 6 hours each day, whereas 55.36% spent < 2 hours per day reading papers or books or writing. Daily usage of digital gadgets did not significantly differ from asthenopia (p=0.46), as well as reading papers, books, or writing and asthenopia (p=0.098). A total of 45.92% of the study population maintained digital devices/books at a distance < 25 cm, which was significantly associated with symptoms of asthenopia (p=0.048). Furthermore, 90.10% of the sample population used laptops, cellphones, and iPads before going to bed or after turning off lights. A total of 63.52% preferred using devices while lying in bed. There was no positive link between asthenopia symptoms and cellphone usage at bedtime or after turning off lights (p=0.028).Conclusion: Digital technology is used by people of all ages for a wide range of daily activities, including education, employment, business, and recreation. We concluded that this group had a high prevalence of asthenopia, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. The high frequency of asthenopia emphasizes the significance of conducting public awareness campaigns concerning asthenopia symptoms and prevention methods.Keywords: asthenopia, video display terminals, mobile phones, coronavirus disease, computer vision syndrome

Abstract The main problem of employment includes the amount of open unemployment, the low quality of the workforce (low competency), low work productivity, and low welfare of workers, so workforce planning is needed that can be used as a reference by all stakeholders in picking up investments in North Maluku Province. The purpose of this study is to look into the strategy for establishing and expanding workforce competency in various investment priorities in North Maluku Province. The goal is to enhance worker competency in the short and medium term; consequently, the quality of Job Training Centers must be prioritized (JTC). Furthermore, downstreaming agriculture and fisheries is a critical investment priority for preparing its workforce for competence, because it is commensurate with the characteristics and potential of local resources, as well as geographical considerations and sustainability guarantees. Keywords: Employment, competitiveness, investment, inclusive growth, AHP Prioritas Kompetensi Tenaga Kerja Untuk Daya Saing Investasi Di Provinsi Maluku Utara Abstrak Masalah utama ketenagakerjaan diantaranya adalah besarnya pengangguran terbuka, rendahnya kualitas angkatan kerja (kompetensi rendah), rendahnya produktivitas kerja, dan rendahnya kesejahteraan pekerja, sehingga diperlukan perencanaan tenaga kerja yang dapat dijadikan acuan oleh seluruh pemangku kepentingan dalam menjemput investasi di Provinsi Maluku Utara. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis strategi mengembangkan dan meningkatkan kompetensi tenaga kerja pada berbagai prioritas pilihan investasi di Provinsi Maluku Utara. Menggunakan metode analisis deskriptif dan Analysis Hierarchy Process (AHP), hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa prioritas untuk meningkatkan kompetensi tenaga kerja di Maluku Utara dalam jangka pendek dan menengah, perlu memberi perhatian dan prioritas terhadap mutu balai latihan kerja (BLK). Selain itu, prioritas investasi yang sangat urgen untuk dipersiapkan bekal kompetensi tenaga kerjanya adalah hilirisasi pertanian dan perikanan, karena sesuai dengan karakteristik dan potensi sumber daya lokal, aspek geografis serta jaminan keberlanjutan (sustainability). Kata kunci: Ketenagakerjaan, daya saing, investasi, pertumbuhan inklusif, AHP

WHO, 2021 estimates 1.28 billion adults aged 30-79 years worldwide suffer from hypertension. Identify the significant influence of socio-economic factors and risk factors for the occurrence of hypertension status and prove the hypothesis. Case and control studies in November-December 2022 328 samples, 164 case groups and 164 control groups aged > 18 years who live in the urban area of the Kotabumi Health Center I North Lampung Regency, Lampung Province, Indonesia. Latent variables consist of Hypertension, Socio-economy, Environmental, Lifestyle, and Health Services, which are measured through appropriate indicators. Data collection was carried out through observation, in-depth interviews and questionnaires. Data analysis with Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) PLS 3.0. Determinants of socio-economic variables, health services, environment and lifestyle have a significant relationship to the incidence of hypertension by 55.8% in urban areas of North Lampung Regency, indicating that education, access to health services, stress levels and physical activity affect the status of events is the strongest indicator in explaining the causes of hypertension. This research can support the hypertension control program by improving socio-economic. health services through increased access to health services, the environment to reduce stress levels, and lifestyle through increased physical activity. It needs the support of other stakeholders, especially in urban areas in low-income countries and middle class who have socioeconomic as the main problem that caused the incident hypertension, including Indonesia.

Regulations on the Recognition and Protection of Customary Law Communities are not always effective. This study was to determine the concept of recognition and protection of the Customary Law Community in Rawa Aopa Watumohai National Park. This research is a normative legal research. The results of the research are First, the law still provides conditional recognition of indigenous peoples, which limits their space. second, that the recognition and protection of the customary MHA of Moronene Hukaea Laea in Bombana Regency has not been maximized. They have received recognition and protection through a recognition of perda, but their customary territory still has the status of designating a National Park Area, so they cannot use it as customary land.