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The need for organizations to adapt to constant change means the challenges of implementing an agile strategy. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to analyze the role of agile women leadership and team effectiveness by looking into the mediating effect of interpersonal trust based on a cross-sectional quantitative study with a sample of 269 employees from Poland and Turkey. Questionnaires were distributed to individuals in companies having women leaders or managers. The three questionnaires required the respondents to answer questions regarding the perception of agile leadership, trust and team effectiveness. By using SPSS, demographics, descriptive statistics and tests of normality were determined. Smart PLS version 3.0 was used for confirmatory factor analysis, internal accuracy and validity estimates, hypothesis checking and mediation testing. Results of PLS-SEM indicated interpersonal trust has a full mediation role between agile women leadership in shaping team effectiveness. The population of this study are working for organizations of just two countries; hence, the generalizability of the findings to other settings is unknown. Our findings contribute to the literature on women agile leadership and team effectiveness by demonstrating how the growth in trust to managers contributes to the emergence of team effectiveness and the agile leadership trend over time. This study will therefore contribute to the understanding of organized teams’ effectiveness in the perspective of agile women leadership and trust of supervisors.

The COVID-19 pandemic is affecting the mental health of employees. Deterioration of the well-being of workers is also caused by changes in the working environment. Remote working can affect both social interactions and job satisfaction. The purpose of the study is to examine what factors influence job satisfaction in the context of remote work caused by a pandemic. The study analyses whether employee relations and interpersonal trust are related to the level of perceived job satisfaction. The investigation started with a literature review and then research hypotheses have been formulated. Based on an empirical study, carried out on a sample of 220 IT employees during the pandemic, an analysis of the mediating role of trust in links between employee relations and perceived job satisfaction was conducted. The current study found that positive employee relations contribute to the level of job satisfaction. Additionally, trust is an important factor that mediates these relationships. Based on the results of the research, it was possible to describe the mechanism of shaping a supportive work environment during a pandemic.

PURPOSE: The present study endeavors to concentrate on the role of perceived leadership support in fostering employee engagement. Specifically, the study considers the social media contribution in this relationship. The mediating role of social media and the links between perceived leadership support and employee engagement are also discussed., DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: The investigation begins with a review of literature in the context of organizations. The data are based on a cross-sectional structured questionnaire for a cohort of 167 respondents form the Polish and Sri Lankan banking sector and was used to verify the research hypotheses. The responses were examined using mediation analysis with bootstrapping., FINDINGS: Results from the study indicate that social media partially mediates the relationship between perceived leadership support and employee engagement. The study demonstrates the growing need for better use of social media in developing a positive perception of leadership support to build employee engagement., IMPLICATIONS: Implications of these findings for organizations are discussed. The study contributes to the understanding and value of how leadership perception affects organizational outcomes., ORIGINALITY/VALUE: This study provides insight into the role of social media in facilitating leadership support to enhance employee engagement., peer-reviewed

Goal – The aim of the article is to assess the scope and degree of reporting information about intellectual capital in the annual reports of the largest companies.Research methodology – The research study comprises all the companies listed in the Warsaw Stock Exchange Index WIG 20. The research is based on the method of the analysis of the contents of activity reports of the researched companies and on the method of morphological analysis and descriptive analysis.Score – On the basis of the analysis of annual reports of 20 companies listed on the Warsaw Stock Exchange WIG-20, the following thesis was verified: despite the lack of specific solutions regarding the measurement and presentation of intellectual capital, enterprises report its elements in the annual report. The analysis of the contents of the reports shows that enterprises present a lot of information that create and develop the company's intellectual capital. The lack of the integrated report standard causes that the financial and non-financial information is presented in various ways and it appears in different elements of the report.Originality/value – On the basis of the research results, the method of intellectual capital diagnosis were proposed.

Inspiracją do napisania artykułu było zdarzenie, jakie miało miejsce na początku 2016 r. W lutym 2016 roku prokurator Instytutu Pamięci Narodowej zabrał z domu Marii Kiszczak dokumenty, które podlegały przekazaniu do IPN. Czynności podjęto w ramach wszczętego w 2015 r. śledztwa ws. ukrycia przez osobę nieuprawnioną dokumentów podlegających przekazaniu IPN. Listy nie były oryginałami, a jedynie spisanymi na maszynie, prawdopodobnie przez adresata, kopiami, część posiadała także urzędową sygnaturę wpływu do ministerstwa. Niektóre z oryginałów, co wnioskować można po sposobie zapisu kopii, pisana była maszynowo i jedynie odręcznie podpisywana przez adresatów. Zewnętrzna postać listów wskazywała na to, że nie miały charakteru prywatnego. IPN upublicznił treść wszystkich listów, jako znajdujących się w archiwum, jednak prasa (sensu largo) zdecydowała się omawiać tylko te, dotyczące osób, które moglibyśmy kwalifi kować do kategorii antykomunistycznych autorytetów moralnych części społeczeństwa polskiego

Innovation fosters sustainable management and allows managers to achieve a competitive advantage. Understanding the mechanisms that explain innovation&rsquo, s antecedents provides an important contribution to theory and practice. The purpose of this study was to assess the importance of human resources (HR) practices in developing trust-based cooperation, which facilitates organizational innovation. Using the foundation of the Shea and Guzzo model, the roles of HR mechanisms were investigated. This study analyzes how effective cooperation can increase innovation and how certain HR practices can help to nurture a trust-based work environment. The conceptual model was developed by drawing on social exchange theory (SET). An empirical analysis of the results of a survey conducted on telecommunications companies (n = 175) aimed to verify the conceptual model. Structural equation modeling was used to assess the data. The findings indicated that competency development opportunities, team interdependence, and group rewards were the most significant determinants of interpersonal trust. As a consequence, a trust-based team generates effective cooperation, and as a result organizational innovation is strengthened. This study was based on large-scale survey data and provides a comprehensive outlook on how to promote organizational innovation through HR practices. This is the first study linking HR practices with trust, collaboration, and innovation.

Purpose – this article aims to examine how teamwork cooperation mediates the relationship between interpersonal trust and tacit knowledge transfer. Research methodology – the paper uses data obtained from a survey conducted on 175 employees from the telecommunications sector. The multiplied regression method was applied to analyse the data according to the mediation analysis. Findings – the findings show that interpersonal trust predicts tacit knowledge transfer and team cooperation mediates this relationship. The results indicate the importance of nurturing positive, trusting relations among employees in organisations and the necessity of working interactions. Research limitations – the limitation of this research is related to the relatively small research sample. Further research could be conducted on a higher number of respondents and could cover different sectors. Additional development of presented research might include cross-cultural analysis. Originality/Value – this paper contributes to the literature of management by providing the empirical confirmation of the SET-based model that concerns the mechanism of tacit knowledge transfer. The practical implications highlight the importance of common collaborative experience and interpersonal trust that facilitates trust among co-workers and consequently influences tacit knowledge transfer. Keywords: trust, tacit knowledge, knowledge transfer, knowledge management

Since 1984, there have been regulations in the Polish press law under which the publication of verbatim statements of a person provided to the press depends on the consent of the person who made such a statement (authorization). These statements may have a creative nature on many occasions which is subject to the regimen of copyright.The scientific purpose of the article focuses on the problem of the influence of regulations on authorization adopted in 2007 on the right to the paternity of a work. The author regards as creativity, under certain conditions, not only a press article but also original statements made to the press. Thus, the specified problem concerns the borderline area between the press law and the copyright.An analysis of regulations which were in force until 2007, including an analysis of the legal status of statements that are subject to authorization and analysis of changes introduced to the authorization law in 2007 together with analysis of the legal status of statements subject to authorization will be used to solve the problem. The author indicates, moreover, circumstances which must be present for a statement made to the press to be regarded as a work protected by copyright and discusses the right to the paternity of the work in the context of statements made to the press. The author uses the dogmatic and legal historical method and the method of case law analysis.In the author’s opinion, the introduced changes consolidate the copyright of the person making a statement to the press and if they use the rights to authorization they are entitled to.

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) provides the contribution of business to the implementation of sustainable development enabling to achieve a balance between business effectiveness, as well as the social interests and environmental protection. The CSR report presents the results of economic and social activities of enterprise. The CSR report creates the possibility of evaluation of the enterprise achievements in the context of financial and non-financial expectations of stakeholders different from financial capital providers. The aim of the paper is to present the role and importance of CSR reporting based on international standards and guidelines as well as to identify the main evaluation criteria. The analysis of the contents of the CSR reports submitted to the Competition CSR Report in the years of 2011–2016 shows what tools and key performance indicators are used. On the basis of the research results, the method of assessment of the CSR activities were proposed. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3846/bm.2018.21

The purpose of this paper is to examine if there are links between interpersonal trust and competences, relations and cooperation in Polish telecom companies. It examines what factors affect trust in coworkers and managers in sustainable organizations. The paper surveys a sample of 175 employees of telecom companies in Poland by means of a questionnaire. The results indicate that the competences, relations and cooperation are related to interpersonal trust. Regression analysis showed that the competences and relations predict a significant variance in trust amongst coworkers. Additionally, cooperation contributes to prediction of trust in mangers. Given the importance of trust in sustainable organizations, a better comprehension of what factors are related to team confidence provides valuable information for stakeholders. The results provide valuable clues how to improve interpersonal trust in sustainable organizations.

Human capital plays an important role in the development of every company. Big enterprises have a Human Resources Department which conducts analyses and measurements of human capital. In Poland over 90% of the total number of companies is made up of small and middle-size enterprises. The aim of the research is to determine reasons why small Polish companies take an interest in the measurement and analysis of human capital as well as to discover the causes of their limited use of human capital measurement. The results confirmed that limited measurement and analysis of human capital efficiency in small companies results from the lack of additional information; apart from this it results from the binding legal regulations as well as the lack of employees who possess the knowledge necessary for conducting such analyses. Despite barriers and difficulties in human capital measurement, small companies appreciate employees and their qualification, not treating them only as a necessary cost of their doing business.

Kapitał ludzki odgrywa bardzo dużą rolę w rozwoju współczesnych przedsiębiorstw. Podstawowym narzędziem komunikacji przedsiębiorstwa z potencjalnymi inwestorami są jego sprawozdania finansowe, które prezentują zasoby jednostki, jej wyniki, osiągnięcia, zagrożenia i szanse rozwoju. Jednak czy zawierają informacje dotyczące kapitału ludzkiego. Celem artykułu jest ocena przydatności rocznego sprawozdania finansowego jako narzędzia do pozyskania informacji dotyczących kapitału ludzkiego przedsiębiorstwa przez potencjalnych interesariuszy. Analizie poddano skonsolidowane sprawozdania przedsiębiorstw notowanych na Warszawskiej Giełdzie Papierów Wartościowych - spółki wchodzące w skład indeksu spółek odpowiedzialnych (RESPECT Index). Wskazano braki informacyjne i podjęto próbę uzupełnienia informacji w sprawozdaniach rocznych.

The purpose of this paper is to determine if there are links between interpersonal trust and competences, relations, and cooperation in Polish telecommunications companies. It examines which factors affect trust in co-workers and managers in sustainable organizations. The paper surveys a sample of 175 employees of telecommunications companies in Poland by means of a questionnaire. The results indicate that competences, relations, and cooperation are related to interpersonal trust. Regression analysis showed that competences and relations predict a significant variance in trust amongst co-workers. Additionally, cooperation contributes to prediction of trust in mangers. Given the importance of trust in sustainable organizations, better comprehension of which factors are related to team confidence provides valuable information for stakeholders and about how to improve interpersonal trust in sustainable organizations.

The integrated report is a tool enabling communication of an enterprise with both internal and external stakeholders. The lack of unanimity of stakeholders’ opinions on building values, resulting from the differentiation of their access to information, results in the value of the enterprise in the economic sense, evaluated from inside the organization, not complying with the market value evaluated by investors on the basis of available information. As a result, there is a gap of enterprise value. The lack of an integrated report leads to searching for such solutions whose scope and informational quality would build appropriate social-economic solutions with stakeholders. The report on added value is one of the ways of communication with the stakeholders in the area of the value generated by the enterprise. The purpose: The aim is to identify operating enterprises realizing the strategy of social responsibility in the ways of reporting on the information regarding added value as well as preparing the conception of a report indicating the direction of allocation of the generated added value for building financial, human and social capital of a firm. Design/methodology/approach: desk study, a comparative analysis of the methods of presenting the added value in the reporting of enterprises which provide a value-added statement or using GRI indicators. Findings: The presentations of the essence of reporting on the added value shows that it is a tool complementing the informational value of the compulsory annual report both for internal and external stakeholders. The value-added statement included in the integrated reports of international partnerships shows the dimension of the generated added value and its distribution among stakeholders. The indicator GR4 EC1- Direct Economic Value Generated and Distributed (EVG&D) proposed by the Global Reporting Initiative for reporting the social responsibility of a business - does not determine the added value, but shows mainly the distribution of generated income for covering operational costs and payments for various stakeholders, including the local community. The information from EVG&D may be used for determining the added value with a view to using it to calculate the indicators based on VA. In spite of differences in understanding the value measurement, one can recommend both of these approaches to the evaluation of the role played by financial, human and social capital in creating the value of an enterprise. From the stakeholders’ point of view, the information on generated income allocation is most important. Despite certain differences, both reports include such information. One should work towards the standardization of their measurement so that the results of respective companies could be compared and evaluated. Therefore, proposed is a report on the added value allocation2. Practical - the solution concerning the reporting on value proposed in the paper can be implemented in practice of enterprises to improve their communication with stakeholders. Originality and value of the paper: proposal of a new report combining the added value generated by the enterprise with elements of intellectual capital.

Magistrsko delo je primerjalna analiza pravnega in socialnega položaja slovenskega ter poljskega književnega prevajalca. Delo prikazuje, kakšne so razlike in podobnosti v položaju te poklicne skupine v obeh državah. Z njim poskuša avtorica odgovoriti na vprašanje, v kateri od obeh držav ima književni prevajalec boljše pogoje za delo oz. katera od držav bolje skrbi za to poklicno skupino. V ta namen so bile uporabljene naslednje raziskovalne metode: primerjalna analiza zbranih kvantitativnih in kvalitativnih podatkov iz različnih poročil, člankov in spletnih strani, analiza vsebine slovenskih in poljskih zakonov in predpisov, ki se nanašajo na prevajalčeve pravice, ter polstrukturirani intervjuji, ki so bili z različnimi slovenskimi in poljskimi predstavniki te poklicne skupine izvedeni marca in aprila 2013. Rezultati so pokazali, da sta si položaja slovenskega in poljskega književnega prevajalca v več pogledih dokaj podobna, a vendar se v končnem seštevku slovenski književni prevajalec zaradi bolj razvitega slovenskega sistema državne podpore domačih ustvarjalcev nahaja v boljšem položaju. Sicer je v obeh državah položaj te poklicne skupine zelo ranljiv. V posebno težkem položaju so tisti prevajalci, ki se preživljajo predvsem ali izključno s prevajanjem književnosti. Brez korekcijskih državnih ukrepov, aktivnega in učinkovitega delovanja stanovskih združenj, tuje pomoči ter učinkovitega sodnega sistema so književni prevajalci v današnjih razmerah obsojeni na životarjenje. Ob dobri volji in podpori drugih akterjev knjižnega trga, državnih ustanov in političnih voditeljev, pa tudi ob skupnem, enotnem prizadevanju samih prevajalcev za boljše pogoje dela je mogoče sedanje stanje v obeh državah izboljšati in s tem povrniti poklicu večji ugled ter dvigniti njegovo prepoznavnost v družbi, hkrati pa ustvariti pogoje za bolj kakovostno delo. Obe državi imata potencial za to. This Master thesis is a comparative analysis of the legal and social status of Slovenian and Polish literary translators. The thesis describes the differences and similarities in the status of these groups of professionals. The author attempts to answer the question in which of the two countries literary translator have better working conditions or, to paraphrase, which of these countries provides a better support for these groups of professional. To answer this question the author uses the following research methods: comparative analysis of quantitative and qualitative data. The data was taken from different reports, articles and web pages, analysis of Slovenian and Polish laws and regulations relating to translators' rights and semi-structured interviews. These were carried out with different representatives of these groups of professionals in March and April of 2013. The results show that the status of Slovenian and Polish literary translator is quite similar in many respects however, it appears that Slovenian translators are better off, as the Slovenian national support system of domestic translators is more developed. Furthermore, the status of this group of professional in Slovenia and Poland is very fragile, in particular that of translators, who make their living predominantly or exclusively with literary translations. Without corrective actions in both countries, active and effective work of professional associations, foreign support and an effective judicial system, literary translators are doomed to live in hand to mouth. However, with good will and support from other book market players, national institutions and political leaders and through joint efforts and cooperation between the translators themselves, there is a possibility to improve the current situation, thereby restoring their reputation and raising their public visibility. At the same time this would also create a better quality work environment. Both countries have the potential to do that.

In 2011, the Polish legislature amended Broadcasting Law to match the laws of the European Union, introducing the definition of product placement, explained in the law as the placement of a product, conducted for a fee and admissible under legally stipulated circumstances, and the placement of a topic as an inadmissible form of promotional activities. In the author’s opinion, the legal provisions pertaining to product placement stipulated in the Broadcasting Law of 2011 are worthy of approval. They clarified a legal ambiguity in terms of the legal qualifications and restrictions on product placement on radio and TV. The said regulations do not pertain to the printed press, computer games and other non-periodical print publications, however