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Verkokerde wetten zijn niet voldoende om de vele, samenhangende uitdagingen waar de landbouw voor staat effectief aan te pakken. De auteurs pleiten voor een ‘weidse blik’; een integrale langetermijnbenadering in regelgeving en beleid.Dit artikel verschijnt in de reeks ‘Duurzaamheid’. Overige artikelen die eerder in deze reeks verschenen zijn:1. E. van Zimmeren, ‘Het concept “duurzaamheid” ontrafelen – een begin, geen eindpunt’ (inleidend artikel), SEW 2023, afl. 7/8;2. P. Wesselius & R. Buma, ‘Overzichtsartikel mededingingsrecht en duurzaamheid’, SEW 2023, afl. 9;3. S. van Gulijk & J. Voorter, ‘West-Europees publiek en privaat beleid en (voorgenomen) wetgeving voor een circulaire bouwsector: een systematische analyse’, SEW 2023, afl. 10;4. T. van der Vijver, ‘Corporate sustainability 2.0: de hete hangijzers van de voorgestelde Europese corporate sustainability due diligence-richtlijn (CSDDD)’, SEW 2023, afl. 11;5. F. Fleurke, ‘Het Nederlandse stikstofbeleid: een algemene en voortdurende praktijk van nalaten in het kader van artikel 6 lid 1 en 2 Habitatrichtlijn’, SEW 2023, afl. 12;6. S. Pauwels, ‘Geen “duurzame stad” zonder “duurzame regelgeving”’, SEW 2024, afl. 1., Verkokerde wetten zijn niet voldoende om de vele, samenhangende uitdagingen waar de landbouw voor staat effectief aan te pakken. De auteurs pleiten voor een ‘weidse blik’; een integrale langetermijnbenadering in regelgeving en beleid.Dit artikel verschijnt in de reeks ‘Duurzaamheid’. Overige artikelen die eerder in deze reeks verschenen zijn:1. E. van Zimmeren, ‘Het concept “duurzaamheid” ontrafelen – een begin, geen eindpunt’

In opdracht van de Rijksdienst voor Ondernemend Nederland (RVO) onderzocht het Utrecht Centre for Water, Oceans and Sustainability Law van de Universiteit Utrecht of er juridische belemmeringen zijn voor een integrale duurzaamheidsprestatie-eis in de bouwregelgeving.

The final verdict to the Urgenda case provided by the Dutch Supreme Court has been called a victory in the fight to limit climate change and a milestone in public interest litigation, at least in the Netherlands. As a consequence, the Dutch state will have to reduce ghg-emissions by 25% compared with 1990 at the end of 2020. The judgment has attracted widespread acclaim for being ‘courageous’ and exploring unknown legal territory. However, a closer look at the reasoning of the Court of Appeal and the Supreme Court still leaves many questions, which are address in this manuscript.

When EU waste law initially was established, its main aim was to prevent damage to human health and the environment, especially resulting from the uncontrolled dumping of waste. However, efficient use and saving of resources (i.e., what is now called a circular economy), have become important aims of waste law at least since 2006 and have been further been stressed and developed ever since. Waste law, therefore, is an important instrument to foster the transition to a circular economy. However, the application of waste law can also hinder innovative circular solutions. In the future, a more integral view on chemicals law, product law and waste law is needed to prevent such setbacks. In the development of waste law, the CJEU has figured and still figures prominently. With its ‘semi-legislative activism’, the Court has filled gaps the EU legislator had left.

This chapter introduces to Administrative Law. Its focus is on the procedural and substantive requirements for the exercise of public power, and on the judicial review of administrative action.

Temporary Nature has been pitched as a recent illustration of a more collaborative, reconciliatory approach to nature management in human-dominated landscapes. In essence, the novel concept is focused on providing more opportunities for nature development on temporarily available lands, which will subsequently be turned into a housing zone or an industrial site. By opening up these sites for nature development on a temporary basis, without hampering future developments, the concept might lead to net gains for endangered pioneer species. In doing so, Temporary Nature stands out as a remarkable win-win approach, which might help to enhance nature on lands which would, in lieu of such an instrument, remain out of reach for nature. The recent Dutch experiences with Temporary Nature have already revealed that such long-term beneficial effects effectively materialize on the ground. Even so, additional research will have to reveal the ideal circumstances under which this concept can yield an optimal outcome in terms of biodiversity gains and local acceptance.

This article provides a comparative analysis of the regulation of ammonia emissions, primarily from livestock installations, in Denmark, Germany and the Netherlands. It discusses the challenges of regulating agricultural ammonia emissions in view of the rulings of the Court of Justice of the European Union (cjeu) on Art. 6(3) of the Habitats Directive. It is argued that the need to ensure certainty concerning the absence of significant effects on Natura 2000 sites is challenged by the uncertainties regarding both the state of individual habitat types and the potential impact of individual projects. A more integrated or programmatic approach may provide an alternative approach to individual assessments, but it is necessary to ensure that additional loads from new or enlarged livestock installations are permitted in areas with high ammonia loads only where it is certain that a programmatic approach will ensure that there are no harmful effects. This might be an almost impossible task.

Vorhaben zum Ausbau erneuerbarer Energieträger können negative Auswirkungen auf den Erhaltungszustand EU-rechtlich streng geschützter Arten haben. In verschiedenen EU-Ländern wird das dem Wortlaut nach gleiche Artenschutzrecht sehr unterschiedlich angewandt. Eine Intensivierung des Erfahrungsaustausches und ein mehr strategischer Einsatz von Schadensminderungs-, Kompensations- und Erhaltungsmaßnahmen können eine Verschärfung des Konflikts zwischen Artenschutz und erneuerbaren Energien vermeiden und zur besseren Erreichung beider Ziele beitragen.

Renewable energy projects, such as offshore and onshore wind and solar farms, including the necessary infrastructure, have an impact on biodiversity. In this report, we analyse how species protection law is applied with regard to such projects. The emerging energy transition brings about changes. The transition from fossil fuels to renewable resources will require different generation units, from traditional large-scale centralised units to smaller, scattered generation plants. Although these generation units are not new, the energy transition requires a significant upscaling of these techniques. Besides the clear positive effect on sustainability, these techniques have a possible negative impact on biodiversity. These effects are most clear for wind turbines but also apply, to a lesser extent, to solar farms and high-power lines. Birds and bats fly into the blades of wind turbines, and bats may also suffer consequences from the effects of these blades on local air pressure, which can cause barotrauma. Also foraging and breeding species can suffer during the construction phase and wind phase because their landscape has changed. This study offers an insight into the incorporation of species protection aspects in current permit practices, and contributes to the discussion on dealing with species protection issues in the process of upscaling sustainable energy facilities.

The German Renewable Energy Sources Act (EEG) has provided strong incentives for investment in renewable energy projects. The Federal Building Code (Baugesetzbuch, BauGB) has supported these incentives insofar as the construction of onshore wind and water energy projects has essentially been permitted everywhere in the country since 1997, so long as these are not contrary to public interest (§ 35 I no. 5 BauGB) or a specific concentration zone has been allocated through spatial planning (§ 35 III 3 BauGB).However, renewable energy projects must comply with environmental requirements, in particular also the requirements of European legislation on nature conservation (habitat conservation and species conservation in line with the Habitats Directive (HD) and the Birds Directive (BD)), which are layed down in the Federal Nature Conservation Act (Bundesnaturschutzgesetz, BNatSchG).The following investigation provides an overview on how European legislation on species conservation is applied in the approval procedures for renewable energy projects and is based on the questionnaire. It is structured in accordance with the sources that are referred to and focuses on onshore wind energy (II.), offshore wind energy (III.), solar panel fields (IV.) and power transmission lines (V.) The practical relevance of the different sources of renewable energy and the approval procedure is first briefly entered into and information is provided on the main features of the procedure, before legislation on species conservation is entered into in greater detail. The legal situation is analysed under reference to case law on renewable energy projects, insofar as is available. An integrated answer is therefore given to question 11 in the questionnaire and it is not answered explicitly. Comprehensive answers to the questions in the questionnaire are given in the reference field on onshore wind energy. These answers also apply to the remaining renewable energies and transmission lines, so long a

In this country study, an overview will be given of the possibilities for environmental non-governmental organizations (ENGOs) to claim for damages on behalf of the environment in the Netherlands. Paragraph 2 of this report concerns a general picture of the laws and administration on the environmental area in the Netherlands. The third paragraph covers a description of the legal situation concerning environmental damages in general. Moreover, this paragraph includes the possibilities for ENGOs to claim damages in more detail. Finally in paragraph 4, we draw some conclusions about the effectiveness of the environmental liability rules.