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In The Indian economy ports are the main factors to doing trade between two or more countries. Ports cover miles of distance between countries and Indian ports are the bones of Indian exports in the terms of modes of transportation. Its major role is in sea transport, Inland waterways which pass through different seas and different rivers under inland waterways authorities. It boosts exports throughout the world for cheap transportation. Ports are the source where every ship comes for many purposes like exporting goods, maintenance, and halt where a particular amount of goods are shipped in specific ports. In this research paper, we use only secondary data find ands how the Sagarmala project is helping to grow the Indian economy through the ports and its connectivity infrastructure development.

In recent years, DC-DC converters find many applications in low to medium power range. The isolated converters are used in medium power application such as military, electric vehicle (EV) and space industries since they provide isolation between input and output and protection from input side faults. These are made capable of providing a specified output voltage by managing the PWM pulses delivered to the switching device's gate. This paper presents use of voltage feed-forward method which helps in suppressing effect of input line harmonics and disturbances and gives regulated output voltage. The converter is operating at a switching frequency of 140 kHz and behaviour of switching device is not taken into consideration. The converter has protection circuits like over voltage protection (OVP), over current protection (OCP) on input and outputs, under voltage protection (UVP) which protects from abnormal operating condition. The design and simulation results of the feed-forward technique with type-2 compensation and protection circuits are discussed.

The Bardeen black hole solution is the first spherically symmetric regular black hole based on the Sakharov and Gliner proposal which is a modification of the Schwarzschild black hole. We present the Bardeen black hole solution in the presence of the de Rham, Gabadaadze, and Tolly (dRGT) massive gravity, which is regular everywhere in the presence of a nonlinear source. The obtained solution reduces to the Bardeen black hole in the absence of a massive gravity parameter, and the Schwarzschild black hole when magnetic charge $g = 0$. We investigated the thermodynamic quantities, that is, mass (M), temperature $(T)$, entropy ($S$), and free energy $(F)$, in terms of the horizon radius for both canonical and grand canonical ensembles. We checked the local and global stability of the obtained solution by studying the heat capacity and free energy. The heat capacity changes sign at $r = r_c$. The black hole is thermodynamically stable with a positive heat capacity $C > 0$ (i.e., globally preferred with negative free energy $F < 0$). In addition, we studied the phase structure of the obtained solution in both ensembles., 19 pages, 10 figures

In Ayurveda, Ageing is termed as ‘Jara’ for which some rules are given to make it healthy with longevity. This is the phase anticipatory care should be taken so that ageing process can be deferred and old age related diseases can be barred. Jara as natural prodigy of human body takes place in two ways i.e. Kalaja and Akalaja. Body gets affected from various factors like diet pattern, food particles, lifestyle, environment, etc. changes or degenerative changes are the nature of universe. These changes are known as Swabhaav in Ayurveda in which a constant decline may found in Shareera in old age. Ageing starts in different attributes at different period; thus, the ancient classics give a detailed version on the physiological, psychological and biological aspects of ageing including growth, puberty and senility.There are enough matter in relation to the establishment and termination of life which can be understood as theory as Theory of Innate Destruction (Swabhawoparamavada), Theory of Disturbance in Fundamental Principle of Body, Theory related to Kala (Time Factor), Theory Related to Environmental and other Biological Aspect. Jara management can be done via programming of lifestyle in such a way that Akalaj Jara can be avoided and Kalaj Jara can be delayed. For this purpose not only the Rasayana drugs but Ayurvediya Dinacharya, Ritucharya and other regimens in the way of ideal lifestyle is to be followed.

In this study, we systematically investigate deformed Xe-Xe collisions at 5.44 TeV center of mass energy. We exploit the Monte Carlo HYDJET++ model to compute transverse momentum ($p_{T}$) distribution, nuclear modification factor $R_{AA}$ and relative suppression in terms of $R_{CP}$ as a function of transverse momentum and centrality of collision of charged hadrons in body-body and tip-tip geometrical configurations, respectively. We have compared HYDJET++ model results to those from ALICE experimental data and AMPT model (String-Melting version) results. Minimum bias Xe-Xe collisions show a suitable match with ALICE experimental data at midrapidity. Average transverse momentum ($\langle p_{T} \rangle$) show strong centrality dependence. The contribution of hard parton scatterings to the total charged hadron yield is discussed. Both nuclear modification factor $R_{AA}$ and relative suppression $R_{CP}$ show a clear dependence on centrality as well as transverse momentum. The charged hadron observables show a clear dependence on the geometrical configuration of the collisions. HYDJET++ model justifies experimental data more closely than the AMPT model., 12 pages, 14 figures

In this paper, authors have proposed a class of exponential dual to ratio type compromised imputation technique and corresponding point estimator in two-phase sampling design. Two different sampling designs in two-phase sampling are compared under imputed data. The bias and M.S.E. of suggested estimator is derived in the form of population parameters using the concept of large sample approximation. Numerical study is performed over two populations using the expressions of bias and M.S.E. and efficiency compared with existing estimators. Keywords: Missing data, Bias, Mean squared error (M.S.E), Two-phase sampling, SRSWOR, Compromised Imputation (C.I.).

A field experimented was conducted at Vegetable Research Farm (South Block), Department of Horticulture, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh during winter season of 2017-2018 and 2018-2019 to study the effect of foliar application of various micronutrients on growth characters of cabbage. The results reveals that the maximum plant height (35.28, 37.67 and 36.47 cm during 2017-18, 2018-19 and pooled analysis, respectively), plant spread (94.44, 96.65 and 95.70 cm during 2017-18, 2018-19 and pooled analysis, respectively) and minimum stalk length (6.53, 9.04 and 7.78 cm during 2017-18, 2018-19 and pooled analysis, respectively) were observed with application of (T13) B-20 @ 0.075% + Mo @ 0.45% which was statistically at par with (T16) B-20 @ 0.100% + Mo @ 0.45%, (T15) B-20 @ 0.100% + Mo @ 0.30%, (T14) B-20 @ 0.100% + Mo @ 0.15% and (T12) B-20 @ 0.075% + Mo @ 0.30% during both the years as well as pooled analysis. However, least value of all growth characters was observed with (T1) control.

Thirteen parental lines and 30 F1 hybrids of bitter gourd obtained from Line × Tester mating design were studied to investigate the extent of combining ability for yield and quality characters. These parents along with their hybrids were evaluated in a randomized block design (RBD) with three replications. The analysis of variance for combining ability revealed that the mean sum of squares due to lines and testers were highly significant for almost all the characters under study except for vine length, number of primary branches per plant, fruit width and total soluble solids (TSS) content for which testers showed no significant differences. The estimated component of variance of specific combining ability (sca) was higher than general combining ability (GCA) for all the characters except fruit width indicating the predominance of non-additive gene actions for most of the characters under study. The lines IC-085612, Jaunpuri Green, IC-085611 and Katehi were found to be good general combiners for fruit yield as well as for quality parameters. These lines can be exploited in future breeding programme for improvement in bitter gourd. Among 30 cross combinations, the crosses IC-085611 × Meghna, OBGCS-1 × Katheri and Jaunpuri Green × Meghna exhibited high sca effects for various yield and its attributing traits. These crosses could be further exploited for the production of F1 hybrids.

Chronic otitis media is defined as the chronic inflammation of the mucoperiosteal lining lining of the middle ear cleft which presents with recurrent ear discharge through tympanic membrane perforation. The study was planned to evaluate the patency of the aditus ad antrum in cases of chronic otitis media mucosal type, and its correlation with various direct and indirect indicators of blocked aditus. The prospective longitudinal study was conducted on 100 patients with chronic otitis media mucosal type. The commonest complaint of patients was ear discharge (100%) followed by hearing impairment in 72% patients.Tympanoplasty with antrotomy was performed. The patency and dimensions of the aditus ad antrum were assessed by saline water test. In 41% cases saline test showed blockade, on further drilling patency achieved in 27 cases with minimal drilling and dissection of mucosa with or without fibrotic mucosal bands. In rest 14 cases widening of aditus and atticotomy was required to achieve patency. Out of these nine were having associated tympanosclerosis and five were having edematous mucosa. Ossicular necrosis was seen on 18 cases. Presence of myringosclerosis and polypoidal edematous mucosa increases the probability of an obstructed aditus ad antrum. Mastoid antrostomy and water test for patency can be performed without additional cost and risk to the patient in minimal time and can be considered as the surest indicator of patency of aditus ad antrum.

Consumption of vegetable with improved quality has been adopted as a strategy for ameliorating nutritional status of people. Not only improving quality but also upgrading the yield of the produce has become necessary to feed the growing population. Heterosis breeding has proven to be a quicker method in achieving this goal. The present research was conducted at the Vegetable Research Farm, Department of Horticulture, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi during Rabi seasons of 2017-18 and 2018-19, to estimate the heterosis in tomato for different yield and quality traits. Eight lines and three testers were crossed in a “Line × Tester” mating fashion to obtain 24 hybrids which were then used to evaluate for different traits along with their parents. The analysis of variance revealed that the estimates of mean squares for all eight characters studied were highly significant indicating wide genetic differences among the genotypes. The heterotic pattern for number of locules per fruit indicated that maximum per cent of significant relative heterosis in cross VRT-101-A × Arka Abha (63.04 %) followed by H-88-78-1 × Arka Abha (30.69 %) and VRT-06 × Pusa-120 (16.81 %). The cross combination Solan Vajra × Arka Abha followed by CTS-07 × Arka Abha and VRT-101-A × Arka Abha were noted to exhibit maximum per cent of positive significant heterobeltiosis in the extent of 23.30, 19.22 and 16.62 % respectively, in case of total fruit yield.

Mycorrhiza refers to the symbiotic association between fungus and plant root. The arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis auguments the growth and plant resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses by enhancement through certain nutritional, biochemical, physiological as well as morphological plant responses thus it has gained a high degree of impetus in recent years. In this context, a study was conducted to study the effect of various mycorrhizae based products on growth and phytotoxicity characteristics of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cv. Kufri Sindhuri during Rabi 2016-17 at Vegetable research farm, Department of Horticulture, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, BHU, Varanasi to evaluate the effect of various mycorrhizal products at different concentrations on growth and phytotoxicity characteristic of potato. The field experiment consisted of 8 treatments involving different mycorrhizal products including the control (untreated). From the experiment it was found that soil application with Myc100 at 250 g/ha (treatment T2) had very promising results for the investigated characters viz., number of leaves/hill (62.20), Plant height at 30 Days after planting (65.40 cm), Plant height at 60 Days after planting (98.24 cm) as compared to other treatment followed by T8- soil application with Bolt Gr at 10 kg/ha. The maximum number of haulms per plant was observed in treatment T6- soil application with Rhizomyxo 100 at 250 g/ha (4.35). No symptoms of phytotoxicity was observed in all treatments during crop growth.

The present study entitled “Bioefficacy study of Bacillus subtilis based biofungicide on leaf spot disease, growth and yield attributes of tomato [Solanum lycopersicum L.] cv. ArkaVikas” was conducted at Vegetable Research Farm, Department of Horticulture, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi during rainy season of 2016-17 in Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications. The treatments included foliar spray of chemical fungicide (Copper oxychlooride) and biofungicide (Taegro® and Trichoderma) either alone or in combination. Taegro® is a bacterial biofungicide containing 1×1010 CFU/g (13%w/w) of Bacillus amyloliuefaciens strain FZB24 formulated as WP. A total of 12 characters including disease, growth and yield parameters were studied. Disease parameter included leaf spot disease incidence (%) and disease severity (%) whereas growth and yield parameters included days to 50% flowering, height, number of branches per plant, fruit length (cm), fruit width (cm), number of fruits per plant, average fruit weight (g), number of seed per fruit, fruit yield per plot (kg), fruit yield per hectare (kg) were studied. The biofungicide Taegro exhibited significant potential in reducing the leaf spot in tomato and improving the growth and yield attributes of tomato as compared to control. But combined used of Taegro with standard chemical copper oxychloride gave better result than Taegro alone. As a consequence, this may be used as part of an integrated disease management approach so as to minimizes the use of standard fungicides and also protect the environment from pollution and maintenance of the human health.

The grapes are being exported in increasing quantities from Maharashtra to European countries and a lot of pesticide inputs are being used by the growers. A total number of 578 grape samples collected from Nasik district during December, 2013 to April, 2014 and analyzed for 167 numbers of multi-class pesticide (Organophosphate, Triazine, Pyrimidine, Triazole, Imidazole, Benzimidazole, Nicotinoid, Substituted thiourea, Strobiluron, Dinitroaniline, Morpholine) residue levels using Liquid Chromatography-Mass spectrometry/Mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) and Gas Chromatography-Mass spectrometry/Mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) by using validated methods. Only four samples were free from pesticide residues and rest were contaminated with 1-13 numbers of pesticides residue. During the study different classes of total 41 number of agro-chemicals had been detected and 116 number of samples were failed with residues of 4-Bromo-2-Chlorophenol, Abamectin,Carbendazim, Chlormequat Chloride , Chloropyriphos,Dinocap,Forchlorfenuron, Hexaconazole, Flusilazole, Profenophos, Spinosad, Thiacloprid, Triazophos, Fipronil and Acephate by exceeding their European Union MRLs.

The spotted pod borer, Maruca vitrata (Fab.) causes significant damage by attacking pods in cowpea. The aim of this study was to evaluate the field efficacy of new generation insecticides against spotted pod borer. Field experiments were conducted at Regional Research Station, Nasik (Maharashtra) on cowpea during Kharif ,2009 and 2010. Among the new generations tested, flubendiamide 20 WG @ 1.0 g/l (4.79%) was observed significantly higher, in reducing the damage caused by the spotted pod borer in cowpea, on number basis followed by indoxacarb 14.5SC @ 0.5 ml/l (7.99%) and spinosad 45 SC @ 0.3 ml/l (8.70%). The highest marketable yield (91.49 q/ha) was recorded in flubendiamide 20 WG @ 1.0 g/l followed by spinosad 45 SC @ 0.3 ml/l (91.39 q/ha). However, the maximum cost benefit ratio (1:3.2) was recorded in thiodicarb 75 WP @ 1 g/l followed by indoxacarb 14.5 SC @ 0.5 ml/l (1:2.3), spinosad 45 SC @ 0.3 ml/l (1:1.9), emamectin benzoate 5 SG @ 0.5 g/l (1:1.3), flubendiamide 20 WG @ 1.0 g/l (1:1.1). On the basis of efficacy, flubendiamide 20 WG @ 1.0 g/l was observed to be very effective against Maruca vitratain cowpea followed by indoxacarb 14.5 SC @ 0.5 ml/l and spinosad 45 SC @ 0.3 ml/l.

Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) significantly affect the quality of life (QoL) of patients. The study was conducted in CRS patients who were treated with functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS) after failure of medical treatment to analyze clinical outcome using prospectively collected data through a symptom-based rhinosinusitis outcome measure, the Sino-nasal Outcome Test-22 (SNOT-22). The aim of the study was to evaluate and compare the QoL in patients of chronic rhinosinusitis pre-operative and after FESS by SNOT-22. The prospective study was conducted on 40 patients of chronic rhinosinusitis with or without nasal polyposis. Demographic, clinical, diagnostic nasal endoscopy and radiological findings were recorded. Visual analogue scoring and SNOT-22 questionnaire scoring were done preoperatively and at 3rd and 6th months post-operatively. These scores were compared and a value of p

The experiment was carried out to test the comparative efficacy of various new fungicides in management of powdery mildew disease of garden pea. The results obtained by the concerned study revealed that Tebuconazole 50% + Trifloxystrobin 25% WG at a dosage of 350 g/ha was highly effective in controlling powdery mildew disease after 1st, 2nd and 3rd spray as compared to other fungicides used followed by Tebuconazole 50% + Trifloxystrobin 25% WG @ 300 g/ha and Tebuconazole 250 EC (Tebuconazole 25.9 w/w EC) @ 700 ml/ha.

This study reports qualitative profiling of the phenolic compounds in an indigenously developed purple radish genotype VRRAD-151 using ultra performance liquid chromatography with quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry. The root and leaf samples were harvested at the horticultural maturity stage of the genotype. Roots were divided into the periderm, and xylem, and the leaf samples were divided into petiole, and lamina, and these were separately extracted with methanol before the LC-MS analysis. A total of 66 compounds, including 23 flavonols, 1 dihydroflavonols, 4 flavonones, 4 flavones, 28 anthocyanins, 2 isoflavonoids, 3 phenolic acids, and 1 hydroxybenzaldehyde were putatively identified based on high resolution accurate mass analysis with the data processing through UNIFI®, which is a comprehensive compound identification software solution. An in-house developed database comprising the secondary metabolites of polyphenols was used for the screening purpose, and each phenolic compound was identified based on the detection of the precursor ion, and at least one characteristic fragment ion, each with less than 5 ppm of mass error. Anthocyanins were the most abundant type of phenolics exhibiting 59% in leaf petiole, 80% in root periderm, and 90% in root xylem. The relative concentration of anthocyanins was lower (11%) in the leaf lamina. Cyanidins were the most predominant anthocyanins accounting for 54, 100, 90 and 65%, in leaf lamina, leaf petiole, root periderm and root xylem, respectively. Eight anthocyanins and 25 flavonols (except kaempferol-3-O-p-coumaryl-shophoroside-7-O-glucoside) are tentatively new identifications and reported for the first time in radish. Flavonols were found to be the predominant group of phenolic compounds in the leaf lamina, and interestingly, the gradient of antioxidant activity followed the (relative) concentration gradient of flavonols in the samples. The relative antioxidant activity of various fractions when compared with each other, followed the trend: leaf lamina > root periderm > leaf petiole ≈ root xylem. Based on the results it can be reflected that this genotype can be utilized as a functional food for management of various human and animal diseases. Since the detected anthocyanins were mostly present in acylated forms, this genotype can function as a potential source of stable natural colorants. Keywords: Radish (Raphanus sativus L., Brassicaceae), Metabolic profiling, Phenolics, Anthocyanins, Flavonols, Antioxidant assays, High resolution LC-MS

The fall armyworm (FAW) Spodoptera frugiperda (J E Smith) is spreading throughout maize growing tracts of India. In the Bundelkhand region of Uttar Pradesh this pest was noticed in Banda district during 2020. The maize crop was badly affected in the region and even harvesting could not be possible because of the heavy toll caused by the FAW larvae in production of cobs. Finger millet and groundnut were other crops which were severely affected.

The present investigation was carried out to find the efficiency and effectiveness of various mutagenic treatments of gamma rays and EMS on chilli var. Kashi Anmol. An experiment was conducted during winters of 2017-18 and 2018-19 at Vegetable Research Farm, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India. The experimental design was randomized block design. Treatments include one control, five doses of gamma rays (10 kR, 20 kR, 30 kR, 40 kR and 50 kR), five doses of EMS (10 mM, 20 mM, 30 mM, 40 mM and 50 mM) and their combinations (gamma rays 10 kR + 20 mM EMS, gamma rays 20 kR + 20 mM EMS, gamma rays 30 kR + 20 mM EMS, gamma rays 40 kR + 20 mM EMS and gamma rays 50 kR + 20 mM EMS). The observations revealed that plant lethality, pollen sterility and ovule sterility percentage increased with the increasing doses of gamma rays, EMS and their combinations. The gamma rays 10kR (0.072) was observed to be most effective, followed by EMS and combination treatments. The mutagenic efficiency calculated in M2 Population on the basis of lethality, sterility and injury with respect to induced morphological mutations revealed variations depending upon the criteria selected for its estimation. As the efficiency was analysed based on lethality per cent, the highest mutagenic efficiency was observed for 10 kR + 20 mM (0.192). When the efficiency was assessed with reference to pollen sterility percentage, the maximum mutagenic efficiency was observed for 30kR (0.118). The higher doses of both mutagen lead to lethal injury and sterility.

In this paper focuses on realizing alternate power supply sources to the Academic buildings located at Manipal, Karnataka. India, and analyzing the possible combination of the Hybrid Energy sources. The main emphasis is on steering the Optimization and Life Cycle Cost (LCC) analysis of the Hybrid Energy sources. The Hybrid Energy System optimization and feasibility study are carried out using HOMER Software and the results are verified with Linear Programming. The case study is conducted with the involvement of PV, Wind turbine and Diesel Generator (DG) along with the battery bank. Further, the DG was integrated with the renewable energy sources to smoothen the power circulation and enhance the reliability issues. The realistic climate data obtained from the NASA website for the location Manipal (13.347° N, 74.75° E) and estimates the solar and wind power using the models developedKeywords: PV, Wind, LCC, Optimization, HOMERJEL Classifications: Q21, Q40, Q41DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.7890

The study of anisotropic flow coefficients v n (n = 2, 3, 4) in Xe–Xe collisions at s N N = 5.44 TeV under the Monte Carlo HYDJET++ model (HYDrodynamics plus JETs) framework is presented. We have also considered body–body and tip–tip types of geometrical configurations for xenon nuclei within the model. The kinematic ranges |η| < 0.8, 0 < p T < 5.0 GeV/c, |Δη| > 1 and |Δη| > 2 are considered. HYDJET++ results for deformed Xe–Xe collisions are well supported by the ALICE experimental data. The anisotropic flow of identified charged hadrons has strong transverse momentum and centrality dependence. Anisotropic flow decreases as collision system-size increases. Spherical xenon collisions show a suitable match with (deformed) tip–tip collision results. Body–body collisions produce higher flow in comparison to minimum bias and tip–tip collisions. Global mass ordering is observed in low and high p T regions. The interplay of soft processes, jets, and decay resonances is responsible for the observed identified particle mass order. A strong centrality-dependent correlation is observed between the flow harmonics (v 2, v 3, v 4). HYDJET++ model predicts a linear positive correlation in central collisions while a boomerang-like correlation structure exists in peripheral collisions as found in the ALICE experiment. We find a strong dependence of the above observables on the geometry of the collision.